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Kulynych, Myroslava, Anatolii Shvorak, and Lyudmila Zhilenko. "ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЦИФРОВОЇ ГРАМОТНОСТІ В УМОВАХ МАЙБУТНІХ ЗМІН ПРОФЕСІЇ БУХГАЛТЕРА." Economic journal of Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University 1, no. 21 (March 30, 2020): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2411-4014-2020-01-216-224.
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У статті досліджуються сучасні тенденції змін професії бухгалтера. Консервативний контекст професії бухгалтера змінюється нестандартним мисленням фахівця, який будучи менеджером-управлінцем, аналітиком приймає рішення, обґрунтовані законодавчими вимогами, які мінімізують ризики операційної діяльності, демонструє лідерські та комунікативні навички, вміння швидко оцінювати ситуацію і прораховувати можливі ризики, що особливо важливо в бізнесі. Цифрові трансформації у економіці впливають на професію бухгалтера, зокрема на формування його фахових компетенцій і цифрову грамотність. В умовах цифрових перетворень у економіці різноманітний світ IT-рішень пропонує бухгалтеру безліч інструментів, з яких він повинен вибрати ту комбінацію, яка максимально відображає завдання з організації бухгалтерського обліку на підприємстві.
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I., Honak. "THE RISKS OF OPERATING A CRYPTOCURRENCY BUSINESS." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 44 (December 20, 2021): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2021-44-12.
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The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the risks that accompany the activities of economic actors in the cryptocurrency market (both mining and trading) at the micro and macroeconomic level at the beginning of the third decade of the XXI century. The risks associated with the functioning of economic entities in the market of cryptocurrency coins and such risks are the following: lack of legal regulation on the cryptocurrency market and insurance of owners of assets stored on crypto wallets; use of malware in order to access assets rotating on the cryptocurrency market; hacking attacks on cryptocurrency wallets and exchanges in order to steal cryptoassets; loss of assets deposited into accounts of cryptocurrency exchanges in case of bank-ruptcy or closure of these exchanges; loss of the password used to access the crypto wallet; loss of a secret personal PIN code, which is the key to access funds deposited into the crypto wallet at the exchange and used to transfer assets (cryptocurrencies or fiat currencies) to other crypto wallets or a bank card; erroneous transaction due to one number or letter mistake when transferring from one crypto wallet to another or error (when entering bank card number), when transferring funds from crypto wallet to bank card, a mistake of one or more numbers is possible and funds will be transferred to the wrong addressee, in both cases it is impos-sible to cancel the transaction and funds are lost irrevocably; significant volatility in the value of cryptocurrencies, because of which an investor can go bankrupt. It was revealed that the functioning of the cryptocurrency market is also associated with risks to the national economy and security: monetary policy (reduction of control over monetary circulation due to the replacement of national fiat currency with cryptocurrency coins and the loss of the central bank monopoly on the emission of money and reducing the country's income from seigniorage due to mining cryptocurrencies), financial stability (because of the threat of the outflow of deposits from the banking system and replacing them with investments in cryptocurrencies, the possibility of replacing traditional banking, as well as the possibility of avoiding taxation and shadowing the economy) and national security. It has been proven that the intensive activity of an economic entity associated with mining, trading, investing or other economic activities in the cryptocurrency market requires significant theoretical and practical training of the individual and patience and faith in the future of cryptocurrency market activity because of the probability of losing savings invested in cryptocurrencies or investments.Keywords: risk, cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency market, crypto coin, crypto wallet, Bitcoin, Ethereum, cyberattack. Статтю присвячено дослідженню ризиків, які супроводжують діяльність ринку криптовалют, як майнінгу, так і трейдингу. Охарактеризовано ризики, з якими пов’язане функціонування ринку криптовалют, і такими ризиками є: відсутність правового регулювання та страхування власників криптогаманців; використання шкідливих програм та здійснення хакерських атак на криптогаманці і біржі криптовалют; утрата активів, розміщених на рахунках криптовалютних бірж, у разі банкрутства чи закриття цих бірж; утрата паролю від криптогаманця чи втрата секретного персонального PINкоду, що є ключем доступу до коштів, розміщених на криптогаманці на біржі; помилкова транзакція (через помилку на одну цифру чи букву) під час переказу з одного криптогаманця до іншого (також під час переказу грошових коштів із криптогаманця на банківську картку можлива помилка на одну чи кілька цифр, і кошти будуть переказані не тому адресанту, якому вони передбачалися); значна волатильність вартості криптовалют. Виявлено, що функціонування ринку криптовалют пов’язане з ризиками для національної економіки: монетарної політики, фі-нансової стабільності, інвестиційної та банківської діяльності. Доведено, що активна діяльність економічного суб’єкта, пов’язана з майнінгом, торгівлею, інвестуванням чи іншою економічною діяльністю на ринку криптовалют, вимагає значної теоретичної і практичної підготовки особи через імовірність утратити заощадження, вкладені у криптоферми чи інвестиції.Ключові слова: ризик, криптовалюта, крипторинок, криптомонета, криптогаманець, Bitcoin, Ethereum, хакерська атака.
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М.І., Виклюк, Мірошник Р.О., and Майор О.В. "Фінансові ризики: економічна природа та класифікація різновидів." Economics and Management, no. 86(1) (February 28, 2020): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36919/2312-7812.1.2020.100.
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The article presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of the content of the definition of “financial risk”. The existing scientific approaches to understanding the economic nature of the concept under study have been generalized on the basis of morphological analysis. It has been noted that the first approach treats financial risk in the context of the financial results of the enterprise, in particular as a risk, the possibility of financial losses due to negative events; the second approach defines financial risk as a cost estimation of the probability of an event leading to financial losses of the enterprise; the third approach defines financial risk as a complex of cause and effect relationships, that is, a set of types of financial risks that affect not only the financial activity but also the production and commercial activity of the entity. It have been presented an author’s interpretation of financial risk as a certain probability of avoiding financial results in the form of loss of profit, income, assets or capital in the conditions of objective unpredictability of financial and economic activity. It has been noted that financial risk as an economic category is characterized by a number of basic and specific properties that are manifested in the interaction of such elements of financial risk as uncertainty, losses, consequences and opportunities. The types of financial risk have been classified into two groups: external financial risks (inflation, deposit, tax, interest, currency); internal financial risks (risks of business processes: risk of insolvency, risk of reduction of financial stability, profitability, turnover, liquidity; investment risk: portfolio, interest, credit, dividend; other financial risks: risk of missed profit, structural, new. Basic methods and tools used to manage and implement financial risk mitigation policies in the operations of enterprises have been summarized.
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Войтенко, С. Л. "Генофонд порід тварин Полтавщини та ризики втрати місцевих популяцій." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 1-2 (June 26, 2015): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2015.1-2.11.
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У статті викладені результати паспортизаціїсуб’єктів племінної справи у молочному скотарствіПолтавської області та обстеження стад місцевихнечисленних порід тварин. Виявлено, що племінні гос-подарства по розведенню великої рогатої худоби мо-лочних порід відрізняються між собою як за рівнемселекційно-племінної роботи, так і за кількістю коріву стадах та їх продуктивністю. Значна кількістьгосподарств не має автоматизованої системи ве-дення племінного обліку, що унеможливлює ефектив-ний підбір тварин, оцінювання їх за низкою ознак і під-вищення продуктивності поколінь. Аналіз галузі підтвер-див, що в області в категорії суб’єктів племінної справимолочного скотарства знаходяться господарства, уяких є значні порушення із відтворенням стада, не об-ґрунтоване використання певних бугаїв-плідників, висо-кі витрати кормів на виробництво молока. Було запро-поновано проводити селекцію в стадах у відповідностідо розроблених програм з конкретними породами підконтролем наукових установ. Обстеження стад локаль-них порід Полтавщини, серед яких миргородська породасвиней, сокільська порода овець і полтавська глинястапороди курей, засвідчило їх критичний стан щодо чис-ленності з постійним скороченням популяцій у резуль-таті відсутності попиту на племінну продукцію. Збе-реження даних популяцій не можливе без державнихдотацій, а їх зникнення співвідносне втраті національ-ного надбання й культурної цінності.
The article presents the results of certification of entities breeding in dairy cattle breeding of Poltava region, and examination of local herds of small animal breeds. It is revealed that breeding farms of breeding cattle of dairy breeds differ both by the level of selection and breeding work, and the number of cows in herds and their performance. A significant number of households does not have an automated system for the maintenance of tribal records, making it impossible for effective selection of animals, assessing them by a number of features and improve performance in a number of generations. Industry analysis confirmed that in the region in the category of subjects of dairy cattle’s breeding are households where there are significant violations with the reproduction of the herd, unreasonable use of certain sires, the high cost of feed for milk production. It was offered to carry out the selection in herds in accordance with programmes with specific breeds under the control of academic institutions. Examination of herds of local breeds in Poltava region, among which Mirgorod breed of pigs, Sokolska breed of sheep and Poltava clay colour breed of hens showed their critical condition by the number of permanent declining of populations as a result of lack of demand for livestock products. The conservation of these populations is impossible without government subsidies, and their disappearance is correlative loss of national heritage and cultural values.
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Bykov, Valeriy Yu, and Nataliia V. Soroko. "РИЗИКИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ БІБЛІОМЕТРИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НАУКОВИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 48, no. 4 (September 17, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v48i4.1275.
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The article deals with the results of the analysis of international and domestic experience in the use of network services, which can independently evaluate the quality of electronic publications and scientists’ publication activity. It can be achieved by the analysis of the values of scientometric indicators included in the bibliometric open electronic systems. This approach is associated with certain risks of objective evaluation of researchers’ scientific activity efficiency. The conditions for the inclusion of scientific publications in the search systems like Google Scholar are considered. It is concluded that the scientometric base, which is today an international and widely used in practice, should be developed to provide a more adequate reflection of the character and level of scientists’ scientific activity, as well as their personal contribution to the development of certain areas of science.
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Burak, M. "Corruption Risks in the Public Defense Procurement: Ways to Minimize it." Ûridičnij časopis Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav 18, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33270/04191802.103.
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Khaustova, Viktoriia, Olena Kozyreva, and Mykola Ivanov. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN IT COMPANIES OF UKRAINE." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, no. 20(48) (March 24, 2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2021-20(48)-53-58.
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У статті запропоновано удосконалення системи управління проектними ризиками в ІТ-компаніях України у сучасних економічних умовах. Зазначено, що в умовах сьогодення всі розвинуті країни світу та країни, що прагнуть до розвитку, орієнтовані на інновації та розвиток ІТ-технологій як найбільш перспективних напрямів економічного зростання. Відзначено, що практично у всіх ІТ-компаніях основним процесом загальної системи управління організацією є «управліня проектами», а система «управління ризиками» вважається допоміжним, незважаючи на те, що проектні ризики мають величезний вплив на досягнення основних цілей проекту та рентабельність проекту загалом. Зроблено висновок про необхідність удосконалення існуючої системи управління проектними ризиками в ІТ-компаніях України на основі удосконалення оцінки проектних ризиків та визначення послідовності управлінських дій у разі виникнення ризикових ситуацій по проектах.
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Pavelko, A., and M. Syrotyuk. "Environmental risks in hydropower industry." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 45 (May 20, 2014): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.45.1163.
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The main theoretical aspects of the environmental risks as a scientific category, the definition of environmental risk in the Ukrainian legislation, as well as major environmental risks associated with the construction and operation of hydroelectric power have been described. Taking into account the largescale plans of the hydroelectric power plants building in Ukraine after the implementation of "green" tariff the determination and issue the appropriate environmental risks assessment is crucial for making the reasonable management decisions on the construction of hydroelectric power or abandon it. Key words: environmental risk, hydropower plant.
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O., Vilenchuk. "INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES BY ACTIVITIES OF INSURANCE COMPANIES: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL CONTEXT." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 41 (March 31, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2021-41-12.
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This review article is devoted to the study of innovative strategies for managing the activities of insurance companies. In the condi-tions of risky environment, rather high probability occurrence of threats of natural and technogenic character, problems concerning the necessity of a scientific substantiation of the process of the insurance market stakeholders’ interaction aggravate. It is established that insurance in the world economic space is an indispensable financial and economic tool for neutralizing a variety of risks, especially given today’s the socio-economic, financial, epidemiological dangers. It is proved that despite the key parameters’ positive dynamics of the Ukrainian insurance market development for 2009-2019, there is a need to intensify business and investment activity of its participants. The competitive environment of the insurance market requires insurance companies to implement innovative management strategies focused primarily on solving two interrelated problems: firstly, the expansion of property risks’ insurance coverage, as well as risks related to citizens’ life, health and ability to work, secondly, the formation of the insurers’ solvency and ensuring an acceptable level of insurance operations’ profitability in terms of certain types of insurance. It is determined that one of the primary tasks of the insurance company’s management is the management of its business processes aimed at forming a model of customer-oriented behaviour in relation to potential customers. The article emphasizes the need to use a variety of innovative management strategies to achieve medium-term and long-term goals of the company in the insurance market. In particular, the expediency of diversification and the use of alternative pricing strategies for insurance services for long-term and general types of insurance is argued. Proposals aimed at digitalization of the insurance market and wide application of FinTech technologies in the field of insurance services are formulated: automated underwriting, IOT-technologies; blockchain in insurance. Summarizing the results of the study, the author’s vision of the further insurance relations’ functioning of in society is specified. Keywords: risks, insurance company, insurers, insurance protection, insurance market stakeholders, management. Статтю присвячено дослідженню інноваційних стратегій управління діяльністю страхових компаній. В умовах ризикогенного середовища, досить високої ймовірності виникнення загроз природного та техногенного характеру загострюються проблеми щодо необхідності наукового обґрунтування процесу взаємодії стейкхолдерів страхового ринку. Аргументовано, що страхування у світовому економічному просторі є незамінним фінансово-економічним інструментом нейтралізації найрізноманітніших ризиків, особливо зважаючи на соціально-економічні, фінансові та епідеміологічні небезпеки сучасності. Визначено, що одним із першочергових завдань менеджменту страхової компанії є управління її бізнес-процесами, спрямованими на формування мо-делі клієнтоорієнтованості відносно потенційних клієнтів. Наголошено на необхідності використання різноманітних інноваційних стратегій управління для досягнення середньострокових та довгострокових цілей компанії на страховому ринку. Зокрема, аргу-ментовано доцільність здійснення диверсифікації та використання альтернативних стратегій ціноутворення на страхові послуги з довгострокових та загальних видів страхування. Сформульовано пропозиції, спрямовані на цифровізацію страхового ринку та широке застосування FinTech-технологій у сфері страхових послуг: автоматизований андерайтинг, ІОТ-технології; блокчейн у страхуванні. Узагальнюючи результати проведеного дослідження, конкретизовано авторські підходи до подальшого функціонування страхових відносин у суспільстві.Ключові слова: ризики, страхова компанія, страхувальники, страховий захист, стейкхолдери страхового ринку, управління.
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Расулев, А. Ф., and С. А. Воронин. "РЕФОРМА ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ В РЕСПУБЛІЦІ УЗБЕКИСТАН: НОВІ РИЗИКИ І НОВІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ." TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2020.2.08.
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Using an integrated approach to tax reform creates opportunities for achieving the goals and objectives of the country's socio-economic development. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of tax reform, to consider the conformity of the measures taken with the theoretical and methodological foundations, and on this basis to develop recommendations for improving existing tax instruments. The subject of the study is the development of the tax sphere of Uzbekistan in the context of economic liberalization and the strengthening of market mechanisms. Methods of economic research: analysis and systematization of tax factors, system analysis, scientific abstraction, historical and logical method, classification and groupings, etc. The hypothesis of the study is that ongoing tax reforms should take into account the scientific and methodological principles of taxation and prevailing features national economy. Statement of the main material. The main scientific and methodological foundations of taxation and the features of the functioning of the tax sphere in the Republic of Uzbekistan are identified. The originality and practical value of the study lies in the fact that it provides an assessment of tax reforms implemented in Uzbekistan, an examination of their compliance with the scientific and methodological foundations of taxation. The findings of the study are that the reforms in Uzbekistan did not always take into account the scientific basis of taxation and were aimed primarily at liberalizing the country's socio-economic development. Directions for further development of the tax sphere are proposed, in particular, measures to improve the classification of taxes and mandatory payments in order to create favorable conditions for optimizing the tax burden and strengthening their stimulating function, measures to reduce shadow activity in the economy by optimizing taxation
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Krasnova, I. V., L. O. Prymostka, and V. V. Lavreniuk. "Climate Change Risks in Financial Business." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 3, no. 49 (2021): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2021-3-140-146.
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The article is aimed at identifying, firstly, the features and the ways in which climate change influences the profile of financial business, and secondly, financial risks modification while taking into account climate change risks. Climate change is global, it causes new challenges for corporations, financial institutions and central banks, and for economy, as a whole. Statistics on the scale of the threatening impact produced by climate-re;ated risks on economy and its financial sector are presented. It is noted that the aggregate impact of climate change risks significantly exceeds the losses from the financial markets collapse. In particular, due to the natural disasters in 2020, the world economy suffered losses of about US$ 200 billion. The properties of climate-related risks are systematized and generalized, including the following: unpredictability, radical uncertainty, complex dynamics, chain effect, irreversibility, nonlinearity. Due to the high level of uncertainty, the problem of integrating climate change risks into the risk management system of financial institutions remains particularly complex. The ways in which risks generated by global climate change transform into financial risks are determined. It is noted that, despite the threatening impact of damage caused by extreme weather events and climate catastrophes, the management of these risks is still characterized by a low level of penetration into the system of risk-oriented management of financial institutions. In order for the financial business to effectively manage risks taking into account climate change, innovative approaches of strategic importance have been suggested, namely, green bonds and disaster bonds. The financial stability and sustainable dynamic development of economy will depend on the performance of financial institutions in implementing their policies in this area
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Kornivska, Valeria. "Institutional risks of financial inclusion." Ekonomìčna teorìâ 2020, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/etet2020.04.045.
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The article presents the results of a research on the current processes of financial inclusion, substantiates the concept of financial inclusion and its world level, and systematizes the existing theoretical-methodological and empirical approaches to determining its role for sustainable development. Based on the analysis of fundamental conditions and current factors of intensification of financial inclusion, the author substantiates the real purpose and consequences of the introduction of digital financial inclusion in national economies and in the global economy and shows the role of global financial institutions in these processes. Particular attention is paid to the impact of financial inclusion on solving the problems of poverty and inequality in society. It is shown that modern financial inclusion does not serve the interests of the majority, but rather the interests of a clearly limited circle of representatives of the global economic and financial elite by creating conditions for the invariance of financial inclusion for ordinary economic agents. The author argues that the main long-term institutional risk of global financial inclusion and non-cash circulation is the consent to the loss of financial freedom by market participants in the face of growing uncertainty in economic and social life and poverty.
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T., Polozova, and Kolupaieva I. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS OF EXPORT OF GOODS AND SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 44 (December 20, 2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2021-44-10.
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The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of exports of goods and services in the context of regional development. The structural and logical scheme of the analysis of export of goods and services is of-fered. Export of the Kharkiv region was assessed by geographical structure, by goods and by countries. In general, the geograph-ical structure of export Kharkiv region shows a reorientation of commodities to EU countries. The export of services of the Kharkiv region by geographical structure and by types of economic activity is analyzed. Kharkiv region has a developed and diversified economy. There are large enterprises of mechanical engineering, agricultural and food industries, energy, developed oil and gas complex in the region. The geopolitical situation, as well as the crisis caused by the COVID19 pandemic, have significantly con-tributed to changes in the directions and instruments of the region's foreign policy. Based on this, it is possible to determine the objectives of the study, which is to analyze and evaluate the exports of the Kharkiv region in order to determine priorities to ensure its competitiveness. It is determined that the export of services of the Kharkiv region is dominated by services and computer services. To ensure the efficiency of exports of services, it is necessary to pursue a policy of increasing their volume by expand-ing the volume of other activities, such as education, tourism and others. A SWOTanalysis of exports of the Kharkiv region was conducted. The risks of slowing down export flows and strategic directions for improving the export activity of the Kharkiv region have been identified.Kharkiv region has enough competitive advantages in the development of export of commodities: natural resource potential, high quality and competitiveness of food industry and mechanical engineering, diversification of export flows by country, adaptation to European standards and quality requirements. Foreign economic entities are the most efficient part of business, and therefore deregulation and tax leverages are an important incentive to ensure favorable conditions for export flows. Given the high intellectual capital of the region, it is important to support the development of innovation through attracting investment in research and development, the introduction of public funding. Innovative products and services will help improve he position of the region and the country at the global level and ensure the growth of exports. The imperfection of the institutional framework in the innovation sphere also affects Ukraine's ratings in the internationally competitive environment. Regulatory policy in the context of the region's exports should be comprehensive and balanced using determined instruments.Keywords: export, regional development, Kharkiv region, export of goods, export of services, SWOTanalysis, export potential. Статтю присвячено дослідженню теоретикометодичних аспектів аналізу експорту товарів і послуг у контексті регіонального розвитку. Запропоновано структурнологічну схему аналізу експорту товарів і послуг. Проведено аналіз експорту Харківського регіону за географічною структурою, за товарами та за країнами. У цілому географічна структура експорту України показує переорієнтацію поставок до країн ЄС. Проаналізовано експорт послуг Харківської області за географічною структурою та за видами економічної діяльності. Визначено, що в експорті послуг Харківської області домінують консалтингові та комп'ютерні послуги. Для забезпечення ефективності експорту послуг необхідно проводити політику щодо збільшення їхніх обсягів шляхом розширення обсягів за іншими видами діяльності, такими як освітні, туристичні та ін. Проведено SWOTаналіз експортного потенціалу Харківського регіону. Визначено ризики гальмування експортних потоків та стратегічні напрями поліпшення експортної діяльності в Харківській області. Ключові слова: експорт, регіональний розвиток, Харківська область, експорт товарів, експорт послуг, SWOTаналіз, експортний потенціал.
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KUDRYASHOV, Vasyl. "IMPERATIVES AND RISKS OF THE STATE BORROWINGS’ ACCUMULATION." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 6 (June 15, 2018): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.06.026.
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Analysis of dynamics of indicators of the state and the state-guaranteed debt in Ukraine in recent years is carried out and imperatives of the growth of public debt are determined. It is found out that its primary factors were the expansion of financing of the state budget for budget support of the state sector of economy, banking system, as well as the financing of the budget deficit. It is concluded that the solving of such tasks was carried out under conditions of aggravation of financial risks, namely: revenue mobilization, attraction of an additional resource for the purpose of financing the budget deficit and deficit-debt adjustment, under-fulfilment of privatization plans, admission of high inflation, as well as depreciation of the national currency. It is noted that the growth of public debt was due to an increase in the state borrowings, which were used to repay obligations, cover the costs of conducting the active operations and shift part of the borrowings of corporations and institutions to the state budget. The conduct of active operations was aimed at providing the financial support to the state banks and state institutions, DGF and capitalization of some private banks. Changes in the volume of the state borrowings are disclosed in terms of the ratio of their internal and external components. The reasons and consequences of growth of costs of deficit-debt adjustment (active operations within the framework of the state budget) are determined. Under conditions of non-fulfillment of revenue plans from privatization of the state property, such a policy will lead to aggravation of fiscal risks (retention of high indicators of the state borrowings and debt financing at the expense of the NBU and the state banks). The policy of state borrowings (in terms of internal and external components) turned out to be inconsistent: sharp changes were allowed in attracting the resource from internal and external sources, and the implementation of debt policy was marked by significant peak load on the state budget as well as their high profitability both in domestic and foreign markets. The volume of loan servicing continued to grow, which became a factor of increasing budget expenditures. Financing of borrowings using the resources of the NBU and the state-owned banks were reaching high rates. The author proposes the directions of fiscal policy aimed at restraining and restricting the state and the state-guaranteed debt by introducing changes to fiscal policy in Ukraine.
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SHELUDKO, Natalia, and Stanislav SHISHKOV. "Targeted corporate bonds: risks and feasibility." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2021, no. 7 (September 8, 2021): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2021.07.053.
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The conditions for attracting and the availability of capital to finance construction are important for the economic development of Ukraine. The article considers how the institutional environment and variability of legislation, in particular, in the investment and fiscal spheres cause developers and participants in capital markets to constantly search for the most optimal in terms of taxation and least risky instruments for financing construction, one of which is corporate target bonds. To assess the risks of using target bonds in construction financing, the evolution of the legal form of issuance, circulation and redemption of target corporate bonds in Ukraine was considered, which was too late to avoid large-scale defaults and too fragmented to properly protect investors’ rights. The rudimentary nature of target real estate bonds in Ukraine, their inconsistency with the EU experience in terms of regulation and practice of capital and real estate markets. The functionality of the existing publicly available databases on the stock market of Ukraine for aggregation and analysis of information on different types of financial instruments, including target corporate bonds were confirmed. Investment and fiscal risks of using target corporate bonds for real estate financing are studied. It is proved that the scheme of financing construction through the issuance of target corporate bonds has significant risks for investors and developers. The contradictory nature of the implementation of EU legal norms on the classification of financial instruments and the lack of adequate mechanisms to protect investors in target corporate bonds are substantiated. To deepen the analytical justification of the results in further research, it is advisable to pay special attention to a comprehensive study of the advantages and disadvantages of existing and future models of construction financing in regularly updated legislation, in particular in the field of taxation and capital markets regulation.
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Aksenov, N., M. Fryziuk, T. Pavlenko, O. Fedorenko, and O. Mykhailenko. "COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR INFORMATION ABOUT RADON RISKS." Hygiene of populated places 2020, no. 70 (December 22, 2020): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/hygiene2020.70.100.
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The article analyzes and determines the most effective directions of communication strategies and specific approaches to the choice of ways to inform the population about radon risks. Communicating with the public about radon risks is an integral part of the national radon action plan, and radon risk communication is a specific requirement of the IAEA's Basic Safety Standards. An effective risk communication strategy provides for a multi-stakeholder information flow involving stakeholders (all stakeholders) - representatives of communities living at risk, regulators, experts, radiation safety inspectors, and should focus on informing different audiences and recommending appropriate protective measures. It is also very important to take into account both the demographic and socio-economic context of the population and the use of quantitative and qualitative approaches to information. National and regional departments, local health authorities and non-profit organizations should work together to share knowledge, experience, resources and ideas that will stimulate radon measurements and protective actions. An effective component of a radon risk communication campaign is to identify target audiences that need to be informed and persuaded to take the necessary protection measures, and raising public awareness of the need to reduce radon levels in homes should be a key communication strategy. In the process of risk communication, an important aspect is the approach to the choice of ways of informing and developing the content of information messages. The effectiveness of communications will increase significantly if you join existing other information campaigns, such as energy efficiency, smoking control, labor protection and the like. Communication should be an ongoing process and should be carried out at all stages of the implementation of the radon action plan.
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Orlova, O. M. "Risks of Industrial Enterprises in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Business Inform 2, no. 517 (2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-2-131-137.
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The article is aimed at the theoretical generalizing and systematizing the risks of industrial enterprises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The essence of the concept of «risk» is analyzed and the need for its estimation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is specified. The main classification features of risks in the activity of industrial enterprises are considered. The state of Ukraine’s industry in 2020 is examined and it is concluded that as a result of the coronavirus crisis it is in a difficult situation. A number of risks are identified and their negative impact on the activities of industrial enterprises in Ukraine, both in quarantine and in post-quarantine conditions, is characterized. Among them are: financial-economic, international, commercial, industrial, and social risks. The expediency of application for the estimation of determined risks of statistical, expert, accounting-analytical, analytical, economic and statistical methods, as well as methods of analogues, sensuality, scenarios, Monte Carlo, is substantiated. Given the uncertainty of the time frame associated with the duration of the coronavirus pandemic, it is proposed to constantly monitor risks in order to improve the situation in the sphere of industry, which will allow timely detection of weaknesses and identification of the negative manifestation of crises in various industry sectors. Prospects for further research in this direction are the development of a mechanism for managing and reducing the negative impact of identified risks on the activities of industrial enterprises in both quarantine and post-quarantine conditions, as well as outlining the instruments for ensuring the positive effect of the proposed mechanism.
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Denysiuk, Oksana, and Nataliia Tytarenko. "RISKS AND CHALLENGES OF REFORMING GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION (NUS)." Educational Analytics of Ukraine, no. 4 (2021): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2021-4-76-88.
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A critical and objective approach to the process of reforming general secondary education will help to minimize risks and address the acute problems facing education in the process of its reform. In turn, major changes in the educational sector require constant monitoring and analysis of its progress. For this purpose, the SSI "Institute of Educational Analytics" with the assistance of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine monitors the introduction of the New Ukrainian School (NUS) in different directions. This allows the analysis of possible risks and potential challenges encountered in the NUS reform implementation. We consider risk as the possibility of occurrence/non-occurrence of an adverse result, which is a potential threat of the realization of a situation with negative consequences, inter alia, detriment of the human individual, society, state. In general, "educational" risks can be divided into the following: mental, economic, social, public, managerial (that concern the directors of educational institutions). Risk specification was carried out by us based on collected statistical data from monitoring studies carried out by the SSI "Institute of Educational Analytics" during 2017-2021 with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The results of the research have made it possible to identify such risk factors as the establishment’s interaction with the parents of students as a component of the NUS. It was found that a child’s success over three years remained the main topic of communication between the teacher and the parents of the students. In particular, most parents (82,5 %) choose their children’s academic performance and behavior as the topic for interaction with the teacher. The next challenge is the digitalization of education. Thus, more than 50,0 % of rural school teachers noted a decrease in the level of student achievement, which is explained by the higher percentage of parents of students (22,5 %) who consider it risky to continue distance learning in the next 2021/2022 а.y.
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A.I., Lytvynchuk. "FEATURES OF EXPERIENCING A SENSE OF SECURITY BY PARTICIPANTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS DURING DISTANCE LEARNING: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS." Scientic Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Psychological Sciences, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2021-4-11.
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Purpose. Investigation of the peculiarities of psychophysiological characteristics of experiencing a sense of security by participants in the educational process in the process of introducing distance learning.Methods. A narrowly directed questionnaire was used developed by a team of specialists in the field of psychology. Its structure consisted of collecting general information; study of the features of the organization of distance learning and associative ideas about the full-time and distance forms of the educational process (a list of associations to the words-stimuli “distance learning” and “full-time education”); determination of the subjective level of personal safety in various forms of organization of the educational process: in an offline and online environment (5 point scaling: 1 – absolutely safe, 5 – absolutely dangerous environment).Results. There is a contextual significance of the conditions in which the individual feels protected. The organization of educational in a situation of transformation produces new risks and is perceived as a threat. The vast majority of respondents consider distance and face-to-face learning to be safe. The same percentage of respondents as distance learning consider full-time education unequivocally dangerous. It has been found that there is a significant direct link between a sense of security in online and offline learning.Conclusions. It was determined that the subjects who feel dangerous in the educational process feel insecure in any form of training organization. It is shown that respondents who felt comfortable in the traditional form of education will feel some anxiety and require a certain amount of time to adapt to new conditions. It has been proven that distance learning is predominantly perceived as a negative phenomenon that requires a change in the usual order of life. Face-to-face learning is associated with habitual behaviors that are generally perceived as comfortable.A group of associations is identified, which reflects the reflection of the psychophysiological states of the respondents during distance and full-time education. The peculiarity of the representations that are attributed to the group of “psychophysiological” is due to the educational situation in which the participants of the educational process find themselves. Two subgroups have been identified, which are characterized as “somatic” and “psychosomatic” manifestations.Key words: applicants for higher education, scientific and pedagogical workers, subjective sense of security, educational process in the HEI, psychophysiological manifestations of danger in educational activities. Мета. Дослідження особливостей психофізіологічних характеристик переживання почуття безпеки учасниками освітнього процесу впродовж упровадження дистанційної форми навчання.Методи. Було використано розроблений колективом спеціалістів у галузі психології вузько спрямований опитувальник. Його структура складалася зі збору загальної інформації; вивчення особливостей організації дистанційного навчання та асоціативних уявлень про очну та дистанційну форми освітнього процесу (переліку асоціацій до слів-стимулів «дистанційне навчання» та «очне навчання»); визначення субєктивного рівня особистої безпеки за різних форм організації навчального процесу: в офлайн та онлайн середовищі (5-бальне шкалювання: 1 – абсолютно безпечне, 5 – абсолютно небезпечне середовище).Результати. Існує контекстуальна значущість умов, в яких особистість почувається захищеною. Організація освітнього процесу в ситуації трансформацій продукує нові ризики та сприймається як загроза. Переважна більшість респондентів уважає дистанційне та очне навчання безпечним. Однаковий відсоток респондентів уважає однозначно небезпечною як очну форму навчання, так і дистанційну. Встановлено, що існує значущий прямий зв’язок між відчуттям безпеки в онлайн- та офлайн-навчанні.Висновки. Визначено, що досліджувані, які себе почувають небезпечно в освітньому процесі, відчуватимуть незахищеність за будь-якої форми організації навчання. Показано, що респонденти, які почували себе комфортно в традиційній формі навчання, відчуватимуть деяку тривогу та потребуватимуть певного часу на адаптацію до нових умов. Доведено, що дистанційне навчання переважно сприймається як негативне явище, яке вимагає зміни звичного порядку життя. Очне навчання асоціюється зі звичною поведінкою, яка зазвичай сприймається комфортною. Виокремлено групу асоціацій, яка відображає рефлексію психофізіологічних станів респондентів упродовж дистанційного та очного навчання. Особливість уявлень, які віднесено до групи «психофізіо-логічних», зумовлена навчальною ситуацією, в якій опинились учасники освітнього процесу. Виділено дві підгрупи, які охарактеризовано як «соматичні» та «психосоматичні» прояви. Ключові слова: здобувачі вищої освіти, науково-педагогічні працівники, суб’єктивне відчуття безпеки, освітній процес у ЗВО, психофізіологічні прояви безпеки.
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Trusova, N. V., and I. O. Chkan. "Payment Systems in Ukraine and Risks of their Functioning." Business Inform 1, no. 516 (2021): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-1-257-263.
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The article is aimed at defining the main aspects of the development of the current state of electronic payment systems in Ukraine and generalizing the main risks of violation of their functioning. The carried out research systematized information on the functioning of payment systems (both internal and international) and forms of payments in Ukraine (cash, non-cash – electronic). Among more than 80 domestic and international payment systems created by banks and non-bank institutions, the National Bank of Ukraine defines the following categories of importance of payment systems in Ukraine in order to ensure their continuous and stable functioning – systemically important, socially important and important. It is determined that in Ukraine at the legislative level, taking into account world trends, the payment infrastructure is being actively modernized, especially in the direction of protection of the rights of financial services consumers in the online space. Along with the advent of new technologies of electronic banking, opportunities to diversify the product range of remote services, atypical threats to traditional banking activities of both the internal and the external nature arise. The research systematizes the key risks inherent in functioning payment systems: legal, financial (total commercial risk, liquidity risk, commercial risk), settlement, operating, systemic. It is determined that the main risk in the banking and non-banking sectors is operational risk – the risk of loss of profit due to errors in the implementation of daily routine financial transactions. Prospects for further research in this direction are to find and implement effective mechanisms for minimizing or preventing risks of electronic payment systems.
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Tuboltsev, L. G., and N. І. Padoon. "Risks and challenges before the ukraine's black metallurgy." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 32 (2018): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2018-32-18-27.
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The aim of the study is to identify risks and challenges that may be a threat to the development of the mining and metallurgical complex of Ukraine (MMC). It is shown that the excess steel-making capacity in the world increases the risks of the steel producers, may lead to an excess of offers, trade disputes; low prices and low yield. It is noted that the Ukrainian ferrous metallurgy works in the harsh conditions of the world market, the hallmark of which is the uncontrolled and unpredictable growth of world prices. This leads to unstable operation of the MMC, especially in recent years. The factors that determine the potential risks in the metallurgical sector of Ukraine are given. The most influential risk factors include the following: threats to the impact of environmental factors on the future; threats of influence of the political situation in the world; the instability of the supply of raw materials and prices for finished products; change in existing trade flows of raw materials and finished products; global trade restrictions; the lag of the technical level of metallurgical production from the world; insufficient state influence on the industry; lack of industrial development strategy of Ukraine and the metallurgical industry. It is shown that the main direction of the target setting for the development of Ukrainian metallurgy in the medium term should be the development of a strategy that binds together raw materials, energy potential, steelmaking equipment, casting and rolling technologies, as well as the state and market prospects.
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Volkova, Nelia, and Alina Mukhina. "Financial Risks of the Bank: Assessment and Mechanism of Neutralization." Modern Economics 22, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v22(2020)-01.
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Abstract. Introduction. The issue of financial risk management of commercial banks is quite relevant today, because the activity of banks is the most risky of all. The presence of risks in banking can lead to unexpected losses, namely the loss of own resources. That’s why for the stable operation of the bank without loss the priority is to assess the financial risks, which is the basis for their further neutralization. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop conceptual provisions for assessment financial risks and justifying the need to neutralize them. Results. The article analyzes the impact of risks on the financial stability of a banking institution. The main methods of bank risk assessment are considered. All these include the statistical method, the analytical method, the expert method, the analogue method and the combined method. The necessity of neutralization of financial risks in order to avoid negative consequences is substantiated. Also the methods of bank risks neutralization are considered. It should be noted that these methods of neutralization can not only be used, but also supplement the list with new methods must be done, which in the future will protect the bank from the influence of undesirable factors. A conceptual approach to the assessment and neutralization of financial risks is proposed. This conceptual approach aims to ensure effective assessment of the level of risk with their subsequent neutralization Conclusions. Use of a conceptual approach will allow an effective risk assessment and decision-making to avoid or accept risk. Thanks to using this approach, the banking institution will be able to react swiftly to the presence of financial risks and to prevent the occurrence of negative consequences, which may lead to a violation of the financial stability of the bank.
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Zahorodnia, Yuliia, and Sergiy Maksymov. "COMMERCIAL RISKS IN THE SEA TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE «EVER GIVEN» CONTAINER CARRIER." Development of Management and Entrepreneurship Methods on Transport (ONMU) 77, no. 4 (2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/2226-1915-2021-4-99-109.
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Every year there is an intensive increase in tonnage and operational speed of vessels in the competition to improve the quality of transport and logistics services. Ship management needs to work in difficult, sometimes extreme conditions. It is necessary to comply with the commercial conditions of charters and not to violate the terms of delivery, to ensure the proper quality of cargo on board the vessel, as well as to comply with the conditions of safety of navigation in difficult weather conditions. All this affects the quality of cargo transportation.Purpose. The purpose of this article is to systematize various aspects of the commercial operation of a vessel, identify possible commercial risks of sea transportation, as well as factors influencing them.Methods. To solve the problem, the following methods were used: the method of theoretical generalization, the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of systematization, the method of deduction.Results. It has been determined that the anticipation of commercial risks of sea transportation will allow to develop mechanisms for their timely overcoming and reduce the commercial costs of all interested parties in the carriage of goods by sea. The main reasons for thegeneral accident of the container ship Ever Given in the Suez Canal are considered and analyzed and the consequences that it caused for the stakeholders of transportation and international maritime shipping in general are identified.Originality. Potential commercial risks of sea transportation have been identified using the example of the accident with the container ship «Ever Given». It is proposed to develop alternative options for a prompt solution to such problems in the future.Output. The blockage of the Suez Canal by the container ship Ever Given will have long-term repercussions, but such incidents could be deliberately provoked, affecting global and local trade in a targeted manner. There is a need to improve the safety of navigation by optimizing pilotage, especially during sandstorms and other situations where visibility is difficult.Keywords: commercial operation of a vessel, risks, sea transport, seaport, navigation safety
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Z., Zhang, and Maslak N. "ОЦІНКА РИЗИКІВ ПРЯМИХ ІНОЗЕМНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ КИТАЙСЬКИХ СІЛЬСЬКОГОС-ПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 44 (December 20, 2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2021-44-2.
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With the global trend of foreign direct investment, Chinese agricultural enterprises have also increased the pace of for-eign direct investment. At present, Chinese agricultural enterprises have invested in development in more than 30 countries, including Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America. Ocean fisheries development is underway in the high seas of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. There are also planting and forestry bases in the Russian Far East and Central Asian countries. The benefits of Chinese agricultural enterprises' overseas investment are obvious. It is not only conducive to Chinese enter-prises to use foreign resources, funds and technology, but also to avoid various barriers and increase the international market share. However, while encouraging China's agricultural enterprises to go global, we should also be clearly aware that the overseas direct investment of China's agricultural enterprises is still in the primary stage. The level of agricultural enterprises is still relatively low, and overseas direct investment faces a variety of risks. Analysis and studying these risks will help Chinese agricultural enterprises to effectively prevent and control them in foreign direct investment. By taking into account the integrity and dynamics of the overseas direct investment environment, the risk evaluation index system of foreign investment projects of Chinese agricultural enterprises is constructed. Representative items were selected for risk evaluation using hierarchical analysis and entropy weight coefficient method. The results show that there are prominent risk factors such as international agricultural market risk, political and legal risks of host countries, domestic institutional barriers and enterprise own technical restrictions. In order to prevent and reduce investment risks, the government should increase policy support and set up special agricultural overseas investment service institutions. Enterprises should establish an effective risk evaluation mechanism to promote the research and development and promotion of agricultural technology.Keywords: agribusiness, direct investment, risk assessment, comprehensive environment. З глобальною тенденцією прямих іноземних інвестицій, китайські сільськогосподарські підприємства також збільшили темпи прямих іноземних інвестицій. В даний час китайські сільськогосподарські підприємства інвестували у розвиток більш ніж 30 країн, включаючи ПівденноСхідну Азію, Африку та Латинську Америку. Розвиток океанічного рибальства ведеться у відкритому морі Тихого, Атлантичного та Індійського океанів. На російському Далекому Сході та країнах Центральної Азії також є бази з рослинництва і лісівництва. Переваги зарубіжних інвестицій китайських сільськогосподар-ських підприємств є очевидними. Це не тільки сприяє використанню китайськими підприємствами іноземних ресурсів, засобів та технологій, а й дозволяє уникнути різних бар'єрів та збільшити частку на міжнародному ринку. Однак, заохочуючи китайські сільськогосподарські підприємства до виходу на міжнародний ринок, потрібно чітко усвідомлювати, що прямі закордонні інвестиції китайських сільськогосподарських підприємств усе ще перебувають на початковій стадії. Рівень сільськогосподарських підприємств ще відносно низький, і прямі закордонні інвестиції стикаються з різними ризиками. Аналіз та вивчення цих ризиків допоможе китайським сільськогосподарським підприємствам ефективно запобігати та контролювати їх при здійсненні прямих зарубіжних інвестицій. Зважаючи на цілісність та динаміку середовища прямих зарубіжних інвестицій, побудовано систему показників оцінки ризику зарубіжних інвестиційних проектів китайських сіль-ськогосподарських підприємств. Для оцінки ризиків було відібрано репрезентативні пункти за допомогою ієрархічного аналізу та методу вагового коефіцієнта ентропії. Результати показують, що існують значні фактори ризику, такі як ризик міжнародного сільськогосподарського ринку, політичні та правові ризики приймаючих країн, внутрішні інституційні бар'єри та власні технічні обмеження підприємств. Для запобігання та зниження інвестиційних ризиків уряд має посилити політичну підтримку та створити спеціальні установи з обслуговування сільськогосподарських інвестицій за кордоном. Підприємства мають створити ефективний механізм оцінки ризиків для сприяння дослідженням, розробкам та просуванню сільськогосподарських технологій.Ключові слова: агробізнес, прямі інвестиції, оцінка ризиків, комплексне середовище
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Zaburanna, L., I. Shubenko, and I. Godniuk. "Real and gitopetical risks of the future accumulative level of pension insurance in Ukraine." Scientific Horizons 93, no. 8 (2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33249/2663-2144-2020-93-8-13-20.
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No decisive steps have been taken in Ukraine to introduce a cumulative level of pension provision. The significant number of risks is one of the reasons for this. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical foundations of hypothetical and real risks of the cumulative level of the pension system in Ukraine, which is expected to be introduced. A number of methods were used in the study, including abstract-logical, methods of analysis and synthesis and comparative analysis. It is argued that the cumulative level of pension provision will be characterized by a number of real risks: organizational and managerial risk, risk of high administrative costs, risk of depreciation of pension savings, selective risk, and risk of insufficient contributions. Hypothetical risks include market volatility risk and criminal risk. The cumulative level of pension provision is significantly affected by the risk of depreciation of pension savings, because given the high inflation rate and devaluation of the national currency, one should not expect a decent level of pensions in the long term, even taking into account the investment component of the cumulative level. It has been established that the domestic legal framework does not specify a mechanism for protection against such a risk, which undermines credibility to the functioning of the entire cumulative component of the pension system. Selective risk and the risk of financial market volatility are closely related to financial market trends and, under adverse conditions, may manifest themselves in the investment component of pension savings. It has been determined that the mechanism for overcoming such risks has not been defined in regulatory legal acts yet. Jointly, these risks determine the lack of principal steps in the process of reforming the modern pension system. In the case of the introduction of the cumulative level of pension provision, a system should be provided to prevent the risks of depreciation of pension savings and selective risks. Further studies will address the mechanisms that can prevent or reduce selective risks and risks of depreciation of pension savings.
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SIDENKO, Volodymyr. "CHALLENGES AND RISKS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: GLOBAL AND UKRAINIAN CONTEXTS." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.05.040.
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The risks of digitalization of the economy are the reverse side of the process that creates by digital technology new commercial and communication opportunities for individuals and society as a whole. They arise from the ambivalent nature of digital technologies, their generally neutral nature in relation to the norms of public morality. Among the risks associated with digital technology, cybersecurity issues that focus on exogenous (in relation to digital content) risks are now prioritized. At the same time, much less attention is given to endogenous technologically determined risks of digital transformation: increase of personal information insecurity, intensification of information noise and growth of unproductive loss of time, considerable expansion of opportunities to manipulate human consciousness and behavior, risk of distortion of the modes of thinking and culture, adverse environmental consequences, primarily due to the significant energy intensity of digitalization. The economic and social effects of digital technologies are largely determined by the state of the formal and informal institutional environment of a country. Given the institutional distortions and high crime rates, the policy of forced and unbalanced introduction of digital technologies can produce negative social effects, including the growth of new forms of criminalization of economic activity, strengthening control over the behavior of people and public associations. The policy of dissemination of the latest digital technologies in institutionally problematic countries should be careful, balanced and strongly connected to the parallel improvement in the structure and functioning mechanisms of public institutions. It is necessary to create a single permanent platform (network) for broad public discussions on the digitalization of the economy and society and its consequences for man and society.
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Shults, S. L., and O. M. Lutskiv. "Priorities and Risks in the Implementation of Regional Smart-Oriented Economic Policy." Business Inform 9, no. 524 (2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-9-73-79.
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The article discusses the economic essence of smart specialization. The European experience of applying the conception of «smart specialization» in strategic management is studied. The main components of the conception of «start-specialization» are considered. The directions of influence of start-specialization on increase of innovative activity and competitiveness of the territory are examined. The major problems, the solution of which start-specialization is aimed at, are identified. The emphasis is placed on the fact that smart specialization sets out not as much stimulating innovations, as activating the long-term structural changes in the region’s economy and be aimed at identifying strengths and developing competitive advantages of regions based on the extant structure of the regional economy. The need to introduce the conception of smart specialization in the sphere of implementation of regional economic policy in Ukraine is substantiated. The main goals, principles, priorities and risks of implementation of regional start-oriented policy are researched. It is noted that the implementation of the start-oriented regional policy, as a model of structural changes, will expand the opportunities for denfining and directly supporting priority types of economic activity for certain regions, which will increase their competitive advantages and contribute to the structural diversification of the economy on an innovative basis. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the main barriers to the implementation of smart specialization, the directions of their leveling are proposed. Attention is accentuated on the need to apply an integrated approach to the development of the regions of Ukraine, which provides for the mutual coordination of various policies implemented by the State and regions (economic, structural, industrial, innovative, foreign economic, etc.) and stakeholder activities in this process. An integrated approach to modern regional policy will ensure strategic planning of socio-economic development of region. Implementation of start-specialization priorities will facilitate the growth of the share of high-tech types of economic activity within the structure of the regional economy. The main instrument for the implementation of this direction of reforms should be regional strategies, the effectiveness of which will ensure the transition from prioritization to the implementation of specific projects.
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Nebrat, Viktoriia, Karolina Gorditsa, and Nazar Gorin. "Structural and financial risks of land capitalization: lessons of domestic history." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2020, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.03.075.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between expected results and real institutional, structural, and financial consequences of agrarian reforms aimed at the capitalization of land. The purpose of the publication is to summarize the positive and negative experience of the peasant reform of 1861 on changes in the relations of ownership and land use in the budgetary and financial sphere and foreign economic activity. Research is based on the history-institutional methodology using tools of economic comparability, retrospective analysis, and historical reconstruction. It is defined that the opening of the land market and the creation of a system of mortgage land loans allowed to increase the share of private land ownership of peasants, but did not turn them into effective owners and did not solve the problem of peasant land. Rising land prices contributed to the development of land speculation and increased rents, encouraging the farmers to predatory land use and depletion of soils without increasing productivity. The capitalization of land and the expansion of the hired labor market contributed to economic growth, increased government revenues and expenditures, and overcame the chronic state budget deficit. At the same time, the credit indebtedness of peasants grew, while ransom payments depleted peasant farms, reducing the potential for capital formation and investment. The public policy of forcing grain exports and supporting large agribusiness allowed to replenish the gold reserves of the treasury, but also led to the impoverishment of farmers, reduced quality of the exported grain, increased share of fodder crops, and lower share of food crops and finished goods. Intensified international competition to expand the supply of cheap grain led to lower prices, weaker competitive position of domestic exporters, and the growing dependence of the economy on world markets for agricultural products, and the local agrarian business - on foreign capital. The article provides recommendations to the government about taking into account the historical experience in the implementation of modern agrarian transformations, in particular, comprehensive support for farming as the main link of agricultural production and the guarantor of food security of the country. Their implementation will help prevent the risks of over-concentration of land, the proletarianization of the peasantry and its mass migration to cities and abroad, growing environmental problems, and vulnerability of the economy due to increasing dependence on the world markets for agricultural raw materials.
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PETROVSKA, Myroslava, Nataliia VERCHYN, and Yevhen IVANOV. "DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY OF THE LVIV REGION: PROBLEMS AND RISKS OF ITS ACHIEVEMENT." Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, no. 84 (2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2020.84.23-34.
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The demographic situation in Lviv region has been assessed, namely – the population number and density, birth and death rates, the natural increase, the causes of death, the average life expectancy, age and sexual structure, demographic load, the age of maternity, and migration movement of population, as for the administrative-territorial units. The main problems and risks concerning demographic safety of the administrative subdivisions of Lviv region have been pointed out. The factors influencing this were determined, namely: the demogeographic location, economic, social, cultural, religion and behavioral factors, as well as indirect relationships with foreign policy, state and military safety through the social-geographic location. The new model of the demographic behavior that is being formed in Lviv region is characterized by the prevalence of families with few children, the low level of early marriages and births, as well as the increase in the average age of giving birth, the high level of extramarital births, and the prevalence of the psychological motives of giving birth. The migration behavior took the new features of the movement of urban dwellers and residents of remote villages into suburban areas, that caused the deterioration of the demographic indices and the decrease of demographic safety level. The method of the determining the integral assessments of the levels of demographic safety, demographic threats, demographic risk, and demographic danger of the region has been revealed. The level of the demographic safety (danger) is expressed by the indicators, which normalization serves as the basis for the calculation of the integral index of the demographic safety of the region. The latter was calculated from the official data of the State statistical service of Ukraine and the Main statistical office in Lviv region. The regional features of the demographic safety of Lviv region have been determined, and administrative-territorial units were typified according to the levels and tendencies of their demographic safety. It was determined that in 2018 five districts (Brody, Zhydachiv, Peremyshliany, Radehiv, and Stryi) and four cities of regional significance (Boryslav, Drohobych, Morshyn, and Chervonohrad) were in the state of demographic danger (0,0–0,382), while Yavoriv district and the city of Stryi – were in the state of demographic risk (0.619–0.854). No single administrative-territorial unit of Lviv region were in the state of demographic safety (0.855–1), while all the other units were in the state of demographic threat (0.383–0.618). The optimizing measures were proposed for minimizing the demographic danger and lessening demographic threats in Lviv region.
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Lebedynets, V. O., and O. V. Prokhorenko. "Introduction of a Quality Management System at an Industrial Enterprise: Problems and Risks." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, no. 46 (2020): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-4-177-186.
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The purpose of the article is to substantiate a sound plan to design and implement a quality management system (QMS) at a typical domestic industrial enterprise: from the pre-design phase to obtaining a conformity certificate; to highlight problems that arise during the implementation of QMS, and to suggest sound recommendations for their solution. The introduction of QMS is considered as a project with the appropriate stages: the initiation stage, which means making decision on introducing QMS and appointing the project manager and task group; the planning stage, which means training the task group, defining the mission, vision, and policy in the field of the company quality, and designing the structure of QMS processes; the implementation stage, which means creating and publishing QMS documents and those of the pre-certification internal audit cycle; the completion stage, which means implementing all the documented procedures designed, and obtaining a certificate of their compliance with the requirements of ISO 9001 standart. The stages of such a project, their sequence, the estimated duration and distribution of responsibilities between the persons involved are offered. Possible problems arising at various stages of such a project are considered, namely: the conflict of QMS processes structure with the existing organizational set-up; unification of terms in the QMS processes structure due to the terminology already existing in the internal documentation; vague definition or lack of performance indicators; difficulties with the creation of the documentation system. Among the causes of these problems are: lack of motivation, unprofessionalism and / or lack of time among the developers, attempts to adapt to the existing system, the inconsistency of the actual goals of the organization head with the declared ones. It is recommended to divide the problem areas into three groups: by the performers (personal ones), by the system (systemic ones) and by the management of the company (administrative or leadership ones). A number of measures to eliminate or minimize the risks of problems arising during the introduction of QMS are suggested, and the responsibility areas as for taking these measures are determined.
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N.M., Bozhko. "PROBLEMS AND FEATURES OF ADAPTATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS TO MODERN CONDITIONS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SPACE OF UKRAINE." Collection of Research Papers Pedagogical sciences, no. 95 (August 2, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2413-1865/2021-95-1.
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The article is devoted to the discussion of problems and tasks that are relevant for the higher school of Ukraine. One of the main tasks is achievement of a higher level of new knowledge acquisition in the current situation related to quarantine. The article attempts to consider some problems and risks of the current situation in the education of foreign students who came to Ukraine. Modern conditions of existence and functioning of the entire education system are associated with the implementation of distance learning, which has become a kind of methodological and behavioral challenge for both teachers and students. Now Ukraine is actively working to overcome certain problems related to this problem. Most of the participants in the distance learning process are frightened by the lack of feedback, which was previously provided by the student’s personal contact with the teacher and took place in a familiar environment. Speaking about the foreign students currently studying in Ukraine, it should be noted that studying abroad forces these young people to adapt not only to the new language and cultural environment, but also to completely unknown rules and norms. And this applies not only to the obligatory/optional attendance of classroom classes, forms of control, working with academic obligations, etc. A serious problem for both teachers and students was the attendance of distance learning, which dropped significantly during the quarantine. Among the facts influencing the activity of students’ participation in distance learning, it should be noted, first of all, the psychological impact of a huge amount of negative information, increasing depression among students and some frustration with future learning outcomes. Another important negative factor is low self-discipline and unwillingness to participate in a new form of learning without the usual coercion from the family or teacher, which often leads to loss of responsibility. Among the main indicators that should be taken into account when preparing and planning distance learning are the ethnicity of students and their willingness to accept the opportunity to study without the usual presence of the teacher and outside the usual material objects. That is why, according to the majority of practicing teachers, in general pedagogy and methods of teaching foreign languages it is necessary to use an anthropocentric approach that takes into account the characteristics of certain ethnic groups of students in order to create methodological tools for managing pedagogical interaction.Key words: distance learning, anthropocentric approach, attending classes, independent work, contact with the teacher. Стаття присвячена обговоренню проблем і завдань, які зараз стоять перед вищою школою України. Одним із головних є досягнення більш високого рівня засвоєння нового знання за умов сучасної ситуації, пов’язаної з карантином. У статті робиться спроба розглянути деякі проблеми та ризики сучасної ситуації у навчанні студентів-іноземців, які приїхали в Україну. Сучасні умови існування та функціонування усієї системи освіти пов’язані з реалізацією дистанційного навчання, яке стало своєрідним методичним та поведінковим викликом як для викладачів, так і для студентів. Зараз Україна активно працює над подоланням певних проблем, пов’язаних із цім. Більшість учасників процесу дистанційного навчання лякає відсутність зворотного зв’язку, що завжди забезпечувало особистий контакт студента з викладачем та відбувалося у звичному оточенні. Говорячи про контингент іноземних студентів, які навчаються зараз в Україні, маємо відзначити, що навчання за кордоном примушує цих молодих людей пристосовуватися не лише до нового мовного та культурного оточення, але й до абсолютно незнайомих раніше правил та норм. Це стосується не тільки обов’язковості/необов’язковості відвідування аудиторних занять, форм контролів, відпрацювання заборгованостей тощо. Серйозною проблемою як для викладача, так і для студентів стало саме відвідування дистанційних занять, яке за час карантину значно впало. Серед фактів, що впливають на активність участі студентів у дистанційних заняттях, треба відзначити перш за все психологічний вплив величезної кількості негативної інформації, збільшення депресивних станів серед учнів та певне розчарування у майбутніх результатах навчання. Важливими негативними факторами є також низька самодисципліна та небажання брати участь у новій формі навчання без звичного примусу з боку родини або викладача, що часто призводить до втрати відповідальності. Серед головних показників, які треба враховувати під час підготовки та планування дистанційних занять, є етнічна приналежність студентів та їх готовність прийняти можливість навчатися без звичної присутності викладача та поза оточенням звичних матеріальних об’єктів. Саме тому, на думку більшості викладачів-практиків, у загальній педагогіці та методиці викладання іноземних мов треба використовувати антропоцентричний підхід, який враховує особливості певних етнічних груп учнів задля створення методичних інструментів управління педагогічною взаємодією.Ключові слова: дистанційне навчання, антропоцентричний підхід, відвідування занять, самостійна робота, контакт з викладачем.
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RYSIN, Vitalii. "Advantages and risks of crowdfunding as a model of financing startups and community development projects." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2021, no. 4 (May 17, 2021): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2021.04.084.
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Crowdfunding as a tool for alternative financing has emerged relatively recently and is of limited use in Ukraine today. At the same time, it has significant potential, which can contribute to the implementation of a wide range of projects that for various reasons are not of interest to traditional lenders or investors. The aim of the article is to determine the benefits of crowdfunding for its participants, the peculiarities of the implementation of certain types of crowdfunding and identify risks that may be generated by them, as well as develop practical recommendations for crowdfunding campaigns by entrepreneurs and authors of community development projects. The article identifies the benefits of crowdfunding for project authors (low cost of capital, access to information and potential investors) and investors (clarity, low risks, access to new products, the ability to support creative ideas), substantiates the role of crowdfunding platforms in realizing the benefits of crowdfunding. The advantages and disadvantages of using certain types of crowdfunding are described. Recommendations for planning and implementation of the main stages of crowdfunding campaigns - idea development, target audience determination, research, communication, project budgeting, reward system development, campaign schedule development – are developed. The factors of choosing a crowdfunding platform for hosting the project are determined. The possibility of using crowdfunding for collective financing of socio-cultural projects within the public budgets of the united territorial communities is shown. The risks of using crowdfunding for project authors and potential investors are identified. Those risks are primarily related to realistic expectations and proper preparation for the fundraising campaign by project authors, as well as the lack of guarantees for investors in the event of problems or bankruptcy of the crowdfunding platform. The author highlights that the growth of public awareness about the possibilities of implementing social or business initiatives through crowdfunding platforms will contribute to the development of platforms, improvement of technological equipment, and expansion of their range of services.
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Sidenko, Volodymyr. "The global context of land market liberalization in Ukraine: opportunities and risks for rural development." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2021, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2021.03.007.
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The article considers various global factors influencing rural development under the conditions of liberalization of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. The author assesses the impact of global processes and global capital on the development of national farms, income distribution, access to land resources, production processes and equitable development in this country. It is proved that globalization, leading to increased concentration of agri-food production and business and expanding the role of large transnationalized corporations, is primarily aimed at exploiting the country’s existing comparative advantages, rather than increasing them, and promotes, in many recipient countries, a model of double economy split in the technological and socio-economic dimensions into qualitatively heterogeneous sectors. The author concludes that although global factors of agricultural production may have a relatively positive impact in macroeconomic terms, the dominance of multinational (transnational) companies, large exporting companies and financially powerful sovereign welfare funds in the market may create risks and threats of crowding out Ukrainian farmers from the market and blocking the sustainable development of rural areas. At the same time, Ukraine's agricultural sector will be transformed into a raw-material link of global food production chains dominated by large transnationalized entities, and a kind of raw-material enclave of transnationalized production will be created within the Ukrainian economy. The article argues that in today's global economy, where cardinal transformations are taking place and uncertainty is growing, land will become an increasingly valuable asset, attractive not only to agricultural producers but also to land speculators and those who try to maintain the value of their assets under the conditions of growing global risks. Under such conditions, investment in land will not at all necessarily contribute to the development of agricultural production, because speculative capital in the face of widespread expectations of a long and significant upward trend in land prices will prevail over productive agricultural capital. In general, this might lead to a significant increase in the cost of agricultural production and food prices. The author proves that the liberalization of the land market leads to increased risks of transfer of the control over Ukraine’s land resources to foreigners (sovereign financial funds and major international corporations), given their dramatic advantage by available financial resources for land acquisition, compared to those possessed by Ukraine’s residents. The article substantiates a set of policy measures and national policy instruments necessary to minimize the risks associated with the introduction (in the context of globalization) of free purchase and sale of agricultural land, which comply with the regulation principles of the European Union.
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Protsenko, E. S., N. A. Remnyova, and N. V. Panchenko. "The Effect of Tear Film Quality on Protective Properties against SARS-CoV-2 and on Further Risks of Infection in Dry Eye Disease." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 3 (June 26, 2021): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.03.053.
Full textAbstract:
SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus causing global pandemic COVID-19 throughout the world, the clinical manifestations of which may include not only respiratory syndrome and systemic manifestations, but also eye symptoms. The purpose of the study. This study processed and presented to the scientific community the latest scientific evidence from the world literature regarding the effect of tear film quality on protective properties against SARS-CoV-2 and on further risks of COVID-19 infection in dry eye disease. Many studies have proven the presence of ACE2 as well as TMPRSS2 expression in the conjunctival and corneal epithelium and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the tear fluid of infected patients, which indicates the ocular tissue tropism to the virus and its possible transmission through the ocular surface. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival or tear samples may depend on viral load and secretion, as well as on sampling time during the course of the disease. It has been suggested that SARS-CoV-2 is prone to exist on the surface of the eye in the early stages of conjunctivitis, and the viral load decreases after a few days. However, cases of virus detection without conjunctivitis may indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can cause latent and asymptomatic infection. With the introduction of protective anti-epidemic measures such as protective masks, the rapid increase and progression of dry eye disease has begun, which leads to decreased ocular surface immune mechanisms, and could potentially increase the risks of SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission. The mechanisms of protection of the healthy ocular surface and possible ways to combat SARS-CoV-2 were reviewed. And the potential causes of increased ocular surface infections during a pandemic were also shown. Through wearing of protective masks, there is additional dispersion of air around the eyes and accelerated evaporation of tear fluid with its thinning and rupture, which contributes to the progression of the prevalence of dry eye disease. The information confirmed by research has already appeared in the literature. This ocular surface condition has been defined by the term "MADE" – dry eye associated with wearing a mask. Dry eye disease, in turn, is a multifactorial ocular surface disease that results in tear film instability, hyperosmolar stress, and a cascade of inflammatory responses. This initiates ocular surface damage, impaired immune status, pathological apoptosis of conjunctival and corneal cells, and loss of basic protective function. Conclusion. Thus, given the obvious decrease in the immune defense mechanisms of the ocular surface in dry eye disease, which is a vulnerable place for virus penetration, this area deserves further in-depth study
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Tyrkalo, Yuriy. "BUSINESS RISKS, ECONOMIC RISKS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL RISKS: ECONOMIC ESSENCE AND RELATIONS OF CONCEPTS IN THE THEORY AND LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE." International scientific journal "Internauka". Series: "Economic Sciences", no. 3(59) (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.25313/2520-2294-2022-3-7934.
Full textAbstract:
The article reveals the economic essence of the concepts of «business risks», «economic risks», «entrepreneurial risks», based on the relationship of these concepts in the theory and legislation of Ukraine. It is determined that business risks are risks associated with the implementation of economic activities of economic entities, namely the manufacture and sale of products, works, services. It is proved that economic risks arise in the context of economic activities of economic entities. It is established that economic risks include: risks of external influence, risks of internal influence, risks of micro-, meso-, macro-level, permanent, long-term, medium-term, short-term risks, risks that cause insignificant losses, risks that cause significant losses, risks that can be insured, risks that cannot be insured, financial, commercial, investment, innovation, production, currency, interest rate risks, etc. It was found that entrepreneurial risks reflect the level of success or failure of the entity engaged in entrepreneurial activity in comparison with the indicators determined by the strategy of its development and sustainable operation. In the perspective of further research, it is proposed to consider a set of risks that have a negative impact on the functioning of economic entities in accordance with uncertain and unexpected conditions of the external and internal environment.
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Derid, Iryna, and Alona Telyzhenko. "COUNTRY RISKS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS." Herald UNU. International Economic Relations And World Economy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2413-9971/2022-42-8.
Full textAbstract:
Risk is especially important when conducting international business, including when carrying out investment activities abroad, as the risk of a foreign country is added to the traditional entrepreneurial risk. The paper considers different approaches to understanding the concepts of political risk and country risk and the attempt to prove the right to exist of all approaches proposed by researchers is made. The authors conclude that when using two concepts in parallel: country risk and political risk, scientists understand political risk rather narrowly and consider it an element of country risk. If the concepts of political risk and country risk are used interchangeably, then political risk is broadly understood – through the prism of the investment climate in the host country, because ultimately the political process shapes this climate. The authors analyze the options for countries risk analysis used by different agencies. Most often they use a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. The authors conducted a correlation analysis to identify the dependency between the level of risk in the country and the export quota, foreign trade quota and the inflow of foreign direct investment. The results of the study in a sample of countries appeared to be ambiguous. Obviously, country risk is an important determinant for choosing countries for international business, but it is not decisive. The choice of country is significantly influenced by the availability of favorable conditions for business, especially cheap factors of production. Methods of risk management and mitigation in international business are considered. At the corporate level the verification of foreign partners, the creation of international strategic alliances and joint ventures, the compilation of clear contracts and the application of hedging and insurance are applied. Political risk insurance is a complex and risky procedure, so it is mostly carried out by specialized rating agencies at international organizations. The article considers the list of political risks from which insurance is provided. The authors also consider the terms of insurance. Usually only viable, environmentally friendly projects that ensure economic growth are insured.
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Oklander, Tetyana, Iryna Molchanyuk, and Oksana Osetyan. "SALES RISKS OF THE ENTERPRISE AND METHOD OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS." Black Sea Economic Studies, no. 73 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/bses.73-5.
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The article considers the essence of sales risks of industrial enterprises and the possibility of using the method of technical analysis to neutralize these risks. It is highlighted that one of the current areas of marketing research is to determine the best methods for assessing sales risks of industrial enterprises. It is determined that the mission of risk management is to neutralize the possibility of short-term profits in the process of solving the problem of sales optimization of industrial enterprises. The essence of risk management of industrial enterprises is defined. The types of business risks and measures to help neutralize them are grouped. Sales risks and methods of marketing research to reduce such risks are typed. The definition of the essence of forecasting in business is given. Classified methods of sales forecasting, highlights the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative methods. It is proposed to use the method of technical analysis, which is usually used in exchange activities, to forecast the volume of demand. The advantages of the method are highlighted: simplicity, clarity, ability to apply for short time intervals. The description of graphic and mathematical component of technical analysis is given. There are types of trends: ascending, horizontal and descending. Stages of trend building are offered. Features of construction of support lines and resistance lines are considered. The essence of trend channels (corridors) and their connection with the optimal range of demand change are highlighted. The mechanism of forecasting possible changes in demand and the method of calculating the slope of the resistance line of the corridor and its support line are proposed.The result of calculating the slope of the trend line is to determine the average increase in demand per unit time (eg, month). Regularity is formulated: if fluctuations in demand will be within the corridor, it is necessary to correct with the receipt of new data; if not, it is necessary to re-analyze and build a new trend. Factors that could affect the sharp change in demand in the past and which are not taken into account when building a new schedule of demand change are highlighted.
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Pomaza-Ponomarenko, Alina. "DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN UKRAINE: SOCIAL FACTORS, RISKS, CONFLICTS AND PROSPECTS." Electronic scientific publication "Public Administration and National Security", 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25313/2617-572x-2020-7-6685.
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The latest developments demonstrated that the social development in Ukraine and its communities can occur in different scenarios, which are constantly updated due to external and internal factors. It is established that the basis of these scenarios is the reform of decentralization of power. Its main purpose is to form the welfare of an individual citizen of a certain community. Thus, the paper objective is to carry out an overall study of social factors, risks, conflicts and prospects for decentralization of power. It is emphasized that in conditions of uncertainty it is difficult to make accurate assessments of its consequences. However, some social factors, risks, conflicts and prospects of decentralization of power at the regional and local levels are already to some extent clearly defined. It was defened that the following social factors are possible: conservatism of the inhabitants of a particular territory; their unwillingness to change the already established way of life, as well as their unwillingness to change the established order of development of power relations etc. it is justified that these factors are characterized by risk-taking and conflict. They can cause positive and negative consequences. It is determined that the social base of these risks and conflicts is the population of a certain territorial community, among which a significant influence may be exerted by the subregional elite. The functions of state authorities and local self-government bodies in the social sphere have been established, which should be implemented in the conditions of decentralization and the emergence of subject-subject relations. However, in Ukraine in the medium term (3-4 years) we can expect the implementation of such scenarios that directly depend on public policy measures taken by the government in the short term in the social sphere through decentralization reform. It is determined that the optimistic scenario of the state policy of Ukraine should provide of strengthening of social security of the regions.
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Hutsuliak, Viktoriia, and Vasyl Hutsuliak. "MAIN RISKS OF INDUSTRY 4.0 FOR ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT." PROBLEMS OF SYSTEMIC APPROACH IN THE ECONOMY, no. 1(87) (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2520-2200/2022-1-7.
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Digitalization is the saturation of the physical world with electronic digital devices, means, systems and the establishment of an electronic communication exchange between them, which actually allows the integral interaction of the virtual and the physical, that is, creates a cyber-physical space. Digital technologies represent both a powerful market and industry, as well as a kind of integration platform that ensures the interaction and competitiveness of all other markets and industries. It is expected that high-tech in production, innovative nature and modernization of industrial sectors based on information, communication and digital technologies, the dynamics of digital transformations for Ukraine should become a priority solution in terms of achieving sustainable economic growth and development. The new economic system is being formed under the influence of modern technologies, which entail the development of all key sectors of the economy. In particular, innovations are spreading in such sectors as finance, energy, infrastructure, social sphere. Consequently, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is being born, which means the total automation of absolutely all processes and sectors of the economy. Taking into account the accumulated scientific achievement of leading scientists, it should be noted that in modern conditions of development, the issue of determining the main risks that Industry 4.0 brings to small and medium-sized enterprises is still relevant. That is why the main goal of the study is to identify the main risks that Industry 4.0 brings to small and medium-sized enterprises. It has been proven that the influence of Industry 4.0 is increasingly being felt in the economic activity of many enterprises, including those for small and medium-sized enterprises. The digitalization of the economy is no longer a novelty, and modern development conditions dictate new rules for the introduction of entrepreneurial activity. Along with the positive that Industry 4.0 brings, it also brings new risks that require a response from the management of enterprises. As a result of the study, the key aspects and risks that Industry 4.0 brings to small and medium-sized enterprises have been identified.
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Chekh, Nataliia, Olena Konoplina, and Yuliya Mizik. "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ACCOUNTING AND RELATED SECURITY RISKS." Market Infrastructure, no. 55 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/infrastruct55-31.
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Today, the business environment has become extremely dynamic due to rapid changes in information technology due to competition and the desire for efficiency. Designed to meet a wide range of economic requirements, new technologies offer flexibility, economies of scale, mobility and greater accuracy. The field of accounting is subject to this new era of change. The era of the Internet of Everything (IoE) is reshaping the profession of accountant according to the current needs of organizations. Artificial intelligence and process automation take on redundant and repetitive tasks performed by professionals, creating space for more complex activities such as analysis and business consulting. The article considers the main modern information technologies and the possibilities of their use in accounting. With the use of information technology, more opportunities have opened up in the field of accounting. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of modern information technology in accounting, to study the features of their implementation and related risks for the company. Technological determinants of the development of the organization of accounting are: the spread of mobile communications; improving the provision of Internet access services; software development; conversion of smartphones, tablets into integrated devices, their active use in the workplace of accounting staff.The main advantages of such technologies as cloud computing platforms, big data, data mining and mobile technologies are identified. The main threats associated with the use of these technologies have also been identified. It is determined that new technologies, as well as the need for real-time reporting make changes in the profession of accountant. Novice accountants may lack the knowledge to efficiently obtain and process large amounts of data. This is due to the fact that the existing curricula of accounting faculties in Ukraine are not sufficiently focused on new technologies, such as cloud computing, Big Data or data mining. As a result, it can be difficult for accountants to secure confidential information using the latest technology.
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Zinchuk, Tetiana, and Tetiana Palamarchuk. "ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT: RISKS AND PROSPECTS." Herald UNU. International Economic Relations And World Economy, no. 38 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2413-9971/2021-38-7.
Full textAbstract:
The fact that Ukraine is involved in the worldwide process of globalization and integration intensifies the attraction of overseas capital, which is an important tool for structural changes in national economies, for replenishing the budgets of countries and ensuring their economic growth. The current economic development of Ukraine is a result of the lack of country’s own financial resources, which confirms the need to create a favourable investment environment and intensify international investment. In view of this, the essence of foreign investment has been considered; the main forms and modern approaches to the classification of foreign investment have been described. It has been highlighted that foreign direct investment is the most effective for further development of the national economy in the context of globalization. The main aspects that make Ukraine’s economy attractive for international investors have been identified. An economic and statistical approach has been used to analyze the volume of foreign direct investment in and from Ukraine and from the country in the dynamics as a whole, as well as in terms of individual countries. The orientation of foreign direct investment in certain types of economic activity has been analyzed; and the priority directions for foreign investment in the national economy have been determined. The transformational changes in the way how domestic statistical information related to foreign direct investment is displayed have been identified. It has been emphasized that currently the only body responsible for disseminating information related to international investment is the National Bank of Ukraine. The factors that affect foreign investment have been specified, as well as investment risks associated with the use of overseas capital in the country. It has been noted that the further implementation of Ukraine’s economic policy in the field of foreign investment is associated with the appropriate regulation of both attraction of investment and its effective use. Prospects for international investment in Ukraine have been highlighted.
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Reshetiuk, O. V., and A. B. Filipenko. "The growth of rusty mushrooms (Puccinia graminis Pers.) on barberries (genus Berberis L.)." Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/forest2020.03.006.
Full textAbstract:
Formulation of the problem. Representatives of the genus Berberis L. (Berberidaceae Juss.) are extremely promising as valuable medicinal, melliferous, fruitful and also decorative shrubs. But rusty mushrooms (Puccinia graminis Pers.) are progressing, which are parasitizing on cereals. The danger forgrowing cereal crops, barberries have when some of their species are growing close to the field. The aim of the study was an estimation of risk of growth rusty mushroom on cultivated species of barberries, that gave a possibility to detect the most stable to such diseases species and to recommend them for using in decorative landscaping or in plantations of raw materials. 30 species of barberries, which arecultivating in botanical garden Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, were exploring during 2014-2018. The growth of rusty mushrooms on barberries was studied by degree of affected leaves. The analysisof weather indicator from April-May confirmed dependence from their active germination taleotospores Puccinia graminis and formation of basidiyas with basidiospores by period of outsight. The intensity of affection barberries leaves by rusty mushrooms is comparatively not high and isn’t over 12-15 %. Also 8 species of barberries are detected as absolutely resistant against rusty mushrooms, so that there were no features of affection on them. If we compare these indicators with information about origin of separate species barberries, we can mark that the most resistant to rusty mushrooms are species, which are originate from South China (East Asian) region. Most of them didn’t have any features of affection by rusty mushrooms in all period of outsight at all (5 years). The biggest affection from rusty mushrooms was noticed in species of barberries which come from the Himalayas, Central Asia and Europe. Therefore, in planning barberries cultivations it is expedient to consider the origin of separate species and accordingly determine risks of their introduction in culture. We excreted 3 groups of species among barberries by degree of fortitude to rusty mushrooms: 1. Completely resistant species, which don’t affect by rusty mushrooms in different weather conditions: (B. beaniana, B. brachypoda, B. dasystachya, B. dielsiana, B. gagnepainii, B. gilgiana, B. holstii, B. thunbergii) – 8 species; 2. Relatively resistant species, the level of affection of rusty mushrooms not more than 10 % of leaf surface (B. аetnensis, B. аggregata, B. аngulosa, B. сircumserrata, B. lycium, B. oblonga, B. orthobotrys, B.spathulata) – 8 spesies; 3. Unstable to rusty mushrooms species in which the affection is more than 10% of leaf surface (B. аemulans, B. аlksuthiensis, B. аmurensis, B. аristata, B. сoreana, B. dielsiana, B. edgeworthiana, B. giraldii, B. integerrima, B. laxiflora, B. notabilis, B. regeliana, B. reticulata, B. vulgaris) – 14 species. As we can see from the table, the intensity of growth rusty mushrooms on the barberry’s leaves are changing the separate years. The literature confirms that the activity of dissemination taleotospores, development of mushroom hyphae with formation basidiyas and basidiospores, also dissemination the last one depends on weather conditions of April-May, that is the period when they are progressing and carrying by wind and insects affecting barberries leaves. We compared the indicators of affection leaves with average indicators of total average daily temperaturesand precipitations in April-May by the period of observation, and between them had been detected certain dependence. The degree of rusty mushroom growth on barberries leaves was detected proportional to dynamics of increase middle-daily temperatures of air and inversely proportional to increasing amount of precipitation at this period. The most dangerous for cereal fields are higher named completely resistant species barberries from the first group, which we can introduce in culture for different purpose: decorative landing, plantations of medical, nutritional or melliferous purpose. Some limitationsare expedient in planning cultures with groups of relatively resistant species (the second group), which don’t have to grow close to the cereal fields. In our opinion, the sufficient barrier for them can be a protective zone with woods 10-15 meters wide. At last, unstable to rusty mushrooms species of barberries (the third group), we can grow nearby the cereal fields just in forestry environment (woods and shrubs), which must be 50-100 m wide or to cultivate them where will be no growing cereals. In conclusion. Thereby, in terms of wet and warm climate in Chernivtsi region the cultivation of most barberries (16 species of the first and second group) don’t make any significant threat for growing cereals even when the last one are close to these cultures.