Academic literature on the topic 'IST shock'
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Journal articles on the topic "IST shock"
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Banerjee, Shesadri, and Parantap Basu. "TECHNOLOGY SHOCKS AND BUSINESS CYCLES IN INDIA." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 5 (July 26, 2017): 1721–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100517000438.
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In this paper, we develop a small open economy New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to understand the relative importance of two key technology shocks, Hicks neutral total factor productivity (TFP) shock and investment specific technology (IST) shock for an emerging market economy like India. In addition to these two shocks, our model includes three demand side shocks such as fiscal spending, home interest rate, and foreign interest rate. Using a Bayesian approach, we estimate our DSGE model with Indian annual data for key macroeconomic variables over the period of 1971–2010, and for subsamples of pre-liberalization (1971–1990) and post-liberalization (1991–2010) periods. Our study reveals three main results. First, output correlates positively with TFP, but negatively with IST. Second, TFP and IST shocks are the first and the second most important contributors to aggregate fluctuations in India. In contrast, the demand side disturbances play a limited role. Third, although TFP plays a major role in determining aggregate fluctuations, its importance vis-à-vis IST has declined during the post liberalization era. We find that structural shifts of nominal friction and relative home bias for consumption to investment in the post-liberalization period can account for the rising importance of the IST shocks in India.
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Freund, Anne, Steffen Desch, and Holger Thiele. "Myokardrevaskularisierung im infarktbedingten kardiogenen Schock." Aktuelle Kardiologie 8, no. 04 (August 2019): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0938-3104.
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ZusammenfassungCirca 10% der Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt entwickeln einen kardiogenen Schock. Der wichtigste Eckpfeiler zur Therapie des infarktbedingten Schockes ist die frühzeitige Revaskularisierung. Es konnte in randomisierten Studien eine signifikante Verbesserung des Überlebens im Vergleich zu einer alleinigen medikamentösen Therapie belegt werden. Die perkutane Koronarintervention ist die dominierende Methode der Revaskularisierung. Bei mechanischen Komplikationen oder komplexer Koronaranatomie wird eine zeitnahe Konsultation des Heartteams empfohlen. Im Falle einer perkutanen Intervention bei koronarer Mehrgefäßerkrankung konnte in der randomisierten CULPRIT-SHOCK-Studie ein Überlebensvorteil für Patienten mit initial alleiniger Versorgung des infarktverursachenden Gefäßes im Vergleich zur sofortigen Mehrgefäßintervention gezeigt werden. Die Evidenz zu Therapieregimen bezüglich Antikoagulation und Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung ist gering.
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Florêncio, João. "Dancing to the Rhythm of a Geiger Counter: Modern(ist) Narcissism and the Anthropo(s)cenic Shock." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 10, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2013): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v10i1-2.286.
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In 2011, the biggest nuclear accident since Chernobyl took place at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan. Soon after the nuclear accident, a video appeared on YouTube in which a rogue power plant worker walked towards one of the site’s CCTV cameras and pointed to its centre while watching his own image being streamed live on his smartphone. Despite it clearly being a reinterpretation of Centers, the 1971 performance by Vito Acconci, this essay argues that the Fukushima reenactment not only questioned the cultural paradigms that grounded Acconci’s original gesture, but also signaled the urgent need for humankind to reconsider its own ontological and epistemological grounds in the face of imminent extinction. By comparing Vito Acconci’s Centers with its Fukushima reenactment, the essay tells the history of Modernity and of its failure as a project of human emancipation, grounded on a fantasy of human mastery of ‘Nature.’
Author(s): João Florêncio
Title (English): Dancing to the Rhythm of a Geiger Counter: Modern(ist) Narcissism and the Anthropo(s)cenic Shock
Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 10, No. 1-2 (Summer-Winter 2013)
Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities – Skopje
Page Range: 111-122
Page Count: 12
Citation (English): João Florêncio, “Dancing to the Rhythm of a Geiger Counter: Modern(ist) Narcissism and the Anthropo(s)cenic Shock,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 10, No. 1-2 (Summer-Winter 2013): 111-122.
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Haas, F., and U. Kaulbars. "Hand-Arm-Vibrationseinwirkungen durch Einzelstöße im Freizeitbereich/Hand-arm vibration effects from individual impacts in the leisure sector." Lärmbekämpfung 14, no. 03 (2019): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1863-4672-2019-03-25.
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Hand-Arm-Vibrationseinwirkungen durch Einzelstöße sind ein Phänomen, das aus der Berufswelt bekannt und im Bereich der Hand-Arm-Vibrationen angesiedelt ist. Beispielsweise sind Arbeiten mit schlagenden Geräten wie Bolzensetzern und Druckluftnaglern mit stoßartigen Belastungen des Hand-Arm-Systems verbunden. Auch im Freizeitbereich lassen sich stoßartige Belastungen des Hand-Arm-Systems beobachten. Typische Freizeitaktivitäten, in denen stoßartige Belastungen auf das Hand-Arm-System erfolgen, sind z. B. Tennis, Golf oder Squash. Am Beispiel der Freizeitaktivität Golf untersuchte das Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA) die Hand-Arm-Vibrationseinwirkungen durch Einzelstöße im Freizeitbereich. Single-impact hand-arm vibration is a phenomenon well known in the world of work and in the area of hand-arm vibration. For example, work with beating devices such as bolt makers and pneumatic nailers are associated with shock loads on the hand-arm system. Even in the leisure sector can be observed shock loads of the hand-arm system. Typical recreational activities in which shock loads on the hand-arm system take place, for. As tennis, golf or squash. Using the example of leisure activity Golf, the Institute for Occupational Safety of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA) examined the hand-arm vibration effects caused by individual impacts in the leisure sector.
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Aebi. "Exanthem als Leitsymptom beim febrilen Kind." Therapeutische Umschau 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.62.8.549.
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Eine häufige Herausforderung im Praxisalltag ist, unter den vielen banalen Exanthemen bei febrilen Kindern diejenigen zu erkennen, die Warnzeichen für Krankheiten sind, die rasch spezifische Maßnahmen erfordern. Wichtige exanthematische Krankheiten, die eine notfallmäßige Hospitalisation erfordern, sind die invasive Meningokokkeninfektion, gram-negative Septikämien anderer Ätiologie, das Toxic-Shock Syndrom verursacht durch S. aureus oder S. pyogenes, die Endokarditis, exanthematische Krankheiten bei Tropenrückkehrern und das Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrom. Therapiebedarf ohne zwingende oder mit nicht-notfallmäßiger Hospitalisationsindikation besteht bei Scharlach, rheumatischem Fieber, Varizellen des postpuberalen oder immunkompromittierten Patienten, beim Kawasaki Syndrom, bei Morbus Still und anderen entzündlichen, nicht-infektiösen Krankheiten. Anderweitige Maßnahmen sind erforderlich bei meldepflichtigen exanthematischen Infektionskrankheiten, Ringelröteln (Parvovirus B19), primärer HIV Infektion und bei Purpura Schönlein-Henoch.
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Funk, Lothar. "Staatliche Krisenpolitik in der Pandemie: ausgewählte Lehren der Ökonomik." Sozialer Fortschritt 70, no. 10-11 (October 1, 2021): 569–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/sfo.70.10-11.569.
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Zusammenfassung Gesellschaften erwarten von ihren Regierungen, dass sie die negativen Effekte eines Pandemieschocks minimieren. Dieser ist zugleich ein extremer Gesundheits-, aber auch ökonomischer und Gesellschaftsschock. Zudem beschuldigen Kritiker die Politik, individuelle Freiheit zu sehr zu beschränken, um Menschen vor Covid-19 zu schützen. Eine Pandemie wird idealtypisch in Phasen mit unterschiedlicher staatlicher Politik zur Kontrolle und Bekämpfung der Krise eingeteilt. Pandemien verursachen Kollektivgutprobleme, da temporäre Beschränkungen zur Krisenüberwindung nötig sind. Individuelle Eigenverantwortung reicht während einer Pandemie nicht aus. Ergänzend ist kollektive Selbstbegrenzung erforderlich, um Trittbrettfahrerprobleme zu überwinden. Abstract: Public Crisis Policy During a Pandemic: Selected Lessons of Economics Societies expect their governments to minimize the negative impact of the pandemic shock which represents both an extreme health as well as economic and societal challenge. At the same time, critics blame incumbent leaders often for hurting individual freedom and livelihood unpardonable in order to save lives from the covid-19 disease. The article considers ideal typical phases of a pandemic with differing public policies to control and fight the crisis. During a pandemic, space becomes a ‘collective good’ where some kind of rationing is needed if other protective measures work only insufficiently. Personal responsibility only is insufficient during a pandemic. Shared responsibility is needed also in order to avoid free riding problems.
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Nakakuki, Kazuo, Kazuo Yamafuji, and Osamu Shikata. "Motion Control of a Robot Composed of Three Serial Links with Curved Contour (Ist Report; Concept and Dynamic Control of the Robot)." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 4, no. 6 (December 20, 1992): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1992.p0497.
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The authors developed several kinds of robots having a smaller number of actuators than links. Motion controls of these robots were successfully accomplished using dynamic interference forces. For example, a swing and mobile robot was developed consisting of pivoted double-link arms and a single motor. This robot is capable of shifting itself from one horizontal bar to another by utilizing vibrational excitation. In this study, we elaborated a robot composed of three serial links with a curved contour and made it perform several dynamic motions. The outer contour of each link has a large curvature, and the links are connected serially. The two outer links of the robot have the same configuration which is different from that of the central link. Two DC servomotors are installed in the two outer links. These links can move freely around the connection joints, and constitute a part of a large arc having a certain angle which is controlled by the motions of the outer links. This robot can induce large vibration on all links by swinging the two outer links while lying on the floor, and can eventually bring itself up to a standing position. On the other hand, the robot can lie down from a standing posture without sustaining a shock on impact. The robot can perform movements like those of young children on the floor. In this paper, we mainly report on the concept of the robot, the simulation procedure and experimental results for the standing-up action.
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Reddy, S. Jayanth. "Electrocution Prevention Using IoT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44354.
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Abstract: As you know nowadays there are many electric shocks happening due to negligence of electricity authorities. Recently, in A.S. Rao Nagar, there was an incident where a small boy got an electric shock from the transformer near his home. This happened because current was passing through water lying near the transformer. So, now the authority fixed a mesh around the transformer. But as we know current can pass through water, that mesh may not stop the conduction of electricity. Not only this accident, but there are also many cases of Electrocutions happening in India and other countries as well. So, to stop this type of electrocution we have designed this device which indicates the authorities in those situations to save people's lives.
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Baldi, Guido, and Alexander Lange. "The Interest Rate Sensitivity of Investment." Credit and Capital Markets – Kredit und Kapital: Volume 52, Issue 2 52, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ccm.52.2.173.
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Abstract The interest rate sensitivity of investment has often played an important role in macroeconomic models. However, many vector autoregressive (VAR) models do not include investment to the list of variables. In this paper, we empirically investigate the size and the evolution of the interest rate sensitivity of investment for the United States and the four largest European economies in the last few decades. We use a VAR model with four variables at quarterly frequency: real investment, real gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, and a measure of the short-term interest rate. In our VAR, the structural interest rate shock is identified under the assumption that macroeconomic quantities and inflation react to interest rate innovations with a lag. We test the appropriateness of this specification by comparing our approach with the identification of shocks derived from the changes in volatility approach. For the countries under consideration, we determine a date during either the 1980s or the 1990s where the interest rate sensitivity of investment began to decrease and became less responsive to monetary policy. In addition, we find that the interest rate sensitivity of investment has been higher in the United States than in Europe, particularly in the first subperiod. Zusammenfassung Die Zinssensitivität der Investitionen spielt oft eine große Rolle in theoretischen makroökonomischen Modellen. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir empirisch die Höhe und die zeitliche Änderung der Zinssensitivität der Investitionen für die Vereinigten Staaten und die vier größten europäischen Volkswirtschaften. Wir verwenden ein VAR-Modell mit vier Variablen: reale Investitionen, reales Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Inflation und kurzfristige Zinsen. In unserem VAR identifizieren wir den strukturellen Schock unter der Annahme, dass die realen makroökonomischen Variablen verzögert auf einen Zinsschock reagieren. Wir testen die Angemessenheit dieser Spezifikation, indem wir unsere Vorgehensweise mit der Identifikation durch den “changes in volatility approach” vergleichen. Wir finden heraus, dass entweder in den 1980er oder frühen 1990er Jahren ein Strukturbruch stattgefunden und sich die Zinssensitivität der Investitionen verringert hat. Interessanterweise zeigen unsere Resultate zudem, dass die Zinssensitivität der Investitionen in den Vereinigten Staaten höher gewesen ist als in den untersuchten europäischen Ländern – insbesondere bis in die 1980er Jahre. JEL Classification: E22, E43, E52
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Fukami, Josiane, Clara de la Osa, Francisco Javier Ollero, Manuel Megías, and Mariangela Hungria. "Co-inoculation of maize with Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium tropici as a strategy to mitigate salinity stress." Functional Plant Biology 45, no. 3 (2018): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp17167.
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Plants are highly affected by salinity, but some plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may trigger induced systemic tolerance (IST), conferring protection against abiotic stresses. We investigated plant mechanisms under saline stress (170 mM NaCl) when maize was singly or co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 and Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT 899. Under greenhouse conditions, plants responded positively to inoculation and co-inoculation, but with differences between strains. Inoculation affected antioxidant enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) – ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) – mainly in leaves. Proline contents in leaves and roots and malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves – plant-stress-marker molecules – were significantly reduced due to the inoculation, indicating reduced need for the synthesis of these molecules. Significant differences were attributed to inoculation in the expression of genes related to antioxidant activity, in general with upregulation of APX1, CAT1, SOD2 and SOD4 in leaves, and APX2 in roots. Pathogenesis-related genes PR1, prp2, prp4 and heat-shock protein hsp70 were downregulated in leaves and roots, indicating that inoculation with PGPB might reduce the need for this protection. Together the results indicate that inoculation with PGPB might provide protection from the negative effects of saline stress. However, differences were observed between strains, as A. brasilense Ab-V5 did not show salt tolerance, while the best inoculation treatments to mitigate saline stress were with Ab-V6 and co-inoculation with Ab-V6+CIAT 899. Inoculation with these strains may represent an effective strategy to mitigate salinity stress.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IST shock"
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PIERSANTI, FABIO MASSIMO. "Essays on Investment-Specific Technology Progress and Endogenous Market Structure in DSGE Models." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241297.
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L’attività di ricerca oggetto della mia tesi di dottorato è volta ad investigare, in un contesto macroeconomico ed in riferimento ad una modellistica Dinamico-Stocastica di Equilibrio Generale (DSGE) multisettoriale, il ruolo del progresso tecnico nella produzione dei beni di investimento (IST Shock) come fattore principale dietro le variazioni cicliche del Prodotto Interno Lordo (PIL) degli USA. Nel modello economico da me sviluppato la diffusione di tale progresso tecnico è potenziata dalla struttura di mercato che governa l’industria dei beni di investimento per mezzo di meccanismi endogeni di entrata/uscita dei produttori di tali beni e di emulazione tecnologica da parte delle imprese già attive nel mercato (incumbents) nei confronti delle imprese innovative che hanno appena avuto accesso al mercato (new entrants). La particolare struttura di mercato dell’industria produttrice di beni d’investimento permette di replicare, condizionatamente alla realizzazione di un avanzamento tecnologico nella produzione dei beni d’investimento, in maniera originale importanti regolarità empiriche relative agli Stati Uniti come la correlazione negativa tra le variazioni cicliche del PIL e del prezzo relativo dei beni di investimento.
Nel corso della ricerca da me condotta si investiga anche l’impatto dell’introduzione nel modello economico precedentemente esposto di un settore bancario con vincoli endogeni di leva finanziaria alla concessione di prestiti ai produttori di beni finali da parte degli intermediari creditizi. Ciò che emerge è che l’interazione tra la struttura di mercato vigente nell’industria produttrice di beni di investimento e il settore finanziario di cui sopra rallenta la diffusione del progresso tecnologico all’interno del sistema economico in quanto riduce il valore delle attività finanziarie in possesso delle banche commerciali. Infine la formulazione di tale modello, con l’aggiunta del settore finanziario di cui sopra, è in grado di contribuire dal puntoWe develop a stylized two-sector DSGE model with creative destruction and knowledge spillovers from endogenous firms entry/exit. A permanent IST shock affects volatility both at low and high frequencies. We interpret the IST shock as a sudden unexpected improvement of the new K-sector producers technology frontier, which then gradually spreads through incumbents. In addition, the endogeneity of the relative price of investment goods generates a feedback from the installation of investment into the stock of capital to the transformation of consumption- into investment goods. This mechanism potentialy invalidates the relevant contribution of the MEI shock as major business cycle driver in favor of the permanent IST shock. Further, we consider the role of financial intermediaries in a multi-sector DSGE model. We dig into the interactions between a financial friction and a stylized I-sector characterized by endogenous firm dynamics and technology spillovers. We find that the non-trivial banking frictions dampen the effect of an expansionary IST shock. In addition, the recovery from a banking crisis episode is substantialy weaker because the crisis dramatically reduces the inflow of new, more productive firms. These effects occur in consequence of the interactions between endogneous firms dynamics and banks profitability which, in turn, determines credit conditions.
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Giacalone, J. "The Acceleration of Charged Particles at a Spherical Shock Moving through an Irregular Magnetic Field." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626061.
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We investigate the physics of charged-particle acceleration at spherical shocks moving into a uniform plasma containing a turbulent magnetic field with a uniform mean. This has applications to particle acceleration at astrophysical shocks, most notably, to supernovae blast waves. We numerically integrate the equations of motion of a large number of test protons moving under the influence of electric and magnetic fields determined from a kinematically defined plasma flow associated with a radially propagating blast wave. Distribution functions are determined from the positions and velocities of the protons. The unshocked plasma contains a magnetic field with a uniform mean and an irregular component having a Kolmogorov-like power spectrum. The field inside the blast wave is determined from Maxwell's equations. The angle between the average magnetic field and unit normal to the shock varies with position along its surface. It is quasi-perpendicular to the unit normal near the sphere's equator, and quasi-parallel to it near the poles. We find that the highest intensities of particles, accelerated by the shock, are at the poles of the blast wave. The particles "collect" at the poles as they approximately adhere to magnetic field lines that move poleward from their initial encounter with the shock at the equator, as the shock expands. The field lines at the poles have been connected to the shock the longest. We also find that the highest-energy protons are initially accelerated near the equator or near the quasi-perpendicular portion of the shock, where the acceleration is more rapid.
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Sato, Toshiki, Satoru Katsuda, Mikio Morii, Aya Bamba, John P. Hughes, Yoshitomo Maeda, Manabu Ishida, and Federico Fraschetti. "X-Ray Measurements of the Particle Acceleration Properties at Inward Shocks in Cassiopeia A." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626534.
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We present new evidence that the bright nonthermal X-ray emission features in the interior of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant are caused by inward-moving shocks, based on Chandra and NuSTAR observations. Several bright inward-moving filaments were identified using monitoring data taken by Chandra in 2000-2014. These inward-moving shock locations are nearly coincident with hard X-ray (15-40 keV) hot spots seen by NuSTAR. From proper-motion measurements, the transverse velocities were estimated to be in the range of similar to 2100-3800 km s(-1) for a distance of 3.4 kpc. The shock velocities in the frame of the expanding ejecta reach values of similar to 5100-8700 km s(-1), which is slightly higher than the typical speed of the forward shock. Additionally, we find flux variations (both increasing and decreasing) on timescales of a few years in some of the inward-moving shock filaments. The rapid variability timescales are consistent with an amplified magnetic field of B similar to 0.5-1 mG. The high speed and low photon cut-off energy of the inward-moving shocks are shown to imply a particle diffusion coefficient that departs from the Bohm regime (k(0) = D-0/D-0,D-Bohm similar to 3-8) for the few simple physical configurations we consider in this study. The maximum electron energy at these shocks is estimated to be similar to 8-11 TeV, which is smaller than the values of similar to 15-34 TeV that were inferred for the forward shock. Cassiopeia A is dynamically too young for its reverse shock to appear to be moving inward in the observer frame. We propose instead that the inward-moving shocks are a consequence of the forward shock encountering a density jump of 5-8 in the surrounding material.
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Arestizabal, Contesse Carlos Felipe. "Resilencia en la Industria del Salmón tras años de Shock producido por el virus ISA el año 2007." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112008.
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Ingeniero Civil IndustrialLa memoria tiene como objetivo encontrar una definición de resiliencia industrial para una de los sectores exportadores más importantes del país, a partir del quiebre producido por la aparición y rápida difusión del virus ISA el año 2007, que hizo retroceder los niveles de producción en al menos 10 años. La industria del salmón ha jugado un papel singular en el desarrollo del país, convirtiéndose en lo que muchos llegaron a denominar el tercer motor económico del país, detrás del cobre y la celulosa. Sin embargo, la crisis ocurrida el año 2007 puso en tela de juicio muchos factores de este crecimiento, especialmente la sustentabilidad del modelo utilizado. Es así que el objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en el tema de la resiliencia, para determinar si la renacida industria, denominada salmonicultura 2.0, ha internalizado las causantes de la crisis, adquiriendo nuevos conocimientos y si ha logrado restructurarse de tal manera que una crisis como la acaecida pudiese evitarse. Para dicho fin se utilizaron modelos de teorización apreciativa, que intentan captar de forma holística la totalidad de la industria en su complejidad, utilizando modelos descriptivos principalmente basados en atributos. Estos modelos han sido utilizados anteriormente para escenarios similares, y son recomendados por autores consagrados como Richard R. Nelson para tener un acercamiento más real a problemas con muchas variables donde la relación entre ellas no está clara o resulta compleja. La metodología consiste en la utilización del muestreo teórico, método utilizando ampliamente en las ciencias sociales, y que permite, a través de la extracción de conceptos clave en entrevistas, la generalización y conceptualización, con el fin de construir teorías y lograr modelar realidades complejas. Para este fin, se entrevistaron 9 actores relacionadas con la industria, tanto en Santiago como en Valparaíso y Puerto Montt. En base a esto se realizó un diagnostico profundo de las razones de la crisis, y se planteó a continuación una revisión de la situación actual, entregando como resultado que si bien los avances han sido considerables, y muchos de los aprendizajes pasados han sido incorporados al seno del clúster de forma exitosa, éste se encuentra en un momento decisivo por las proyecciones de siembre muestran que debiesen superar los niveles pre crisis. En este contexto, se determinó que si bien se ha avanzado, especialmente en la relación Estado privados, y la institucionalidad y actores que participan en la industria, a esta todavía le faltan elementos si se desea superar la tragedia de los comunes y llegar a un equilibrio dinámico estable, específicamente en lo que a I&D se refiere, así como en la utilización del más importante recurso para la producción de salmónidos, el agua y los recursos necesarios el desarrollo de esta compleja actividad económica.
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Fraschetti, F., and M. Pohl. "Particle acceleration model for the broad-band baseline spectrum of the Crab nebula." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625798.
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We develop a simple one-zone model of the steady-state Crab nebula spectrum encompassing both the radio/soft X-ray and the GeV/multi-TeV observations. By solving the transport equation for GeV-TeV electrons injected at the wind termination shock as a log-parabola momentum distribution and evolved via energy losses, we determine analytically the resulting differential energy spectrum of photons. We find an impressive agreement with the observed spectrum of synchrotron emission, and the synchrotron self-Compton component reproduces the previously unexplained broad 200-GeV peak that matches the Fermi/Large Area Telescope (LAT) data beyond 1 GeV with the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) data. We determine the parameters of the single log-parabola electron injection distribution, in contrast with multiple broken power-law electron spectra proposed in the literature. The resulting photon differential spectrum provides a natural interpretation of the deviation from power law customarily fitted with empirical multiple broken power laws. Our model can be applied to the radio-to-multi-TeV spectrum of a variety of astrophysical outflows, including pulsar wind nebulae and supernova remnants, as well as to interplanetary shocks.
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Watson, Dan M., Nuria P. Calvet, William J. Fischer, W. J. Forrest, P. Manoj, S. Thomas Megeath, Gary J. Melnick, et al. "EVOLUTION OF MASS OUTFLOW IN PROTOSTARS." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622058.
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We have surveyed 84 Class 0, Class I, and flat-spectrum protostars in mid-infrared [Si II], [Fe II], and [S I] line emission, and 11 of these in far-infrared [O I] emission. We use the results to derive their mass. outflow rates, (M) over dot(w). Thereby we observe a strong correlation of (M) over dot(w) with bolometric luminosity, and with the inferred mass accretion rates of the central objects, (M) over dot(a), which continues through the Class 0 range the trend observed in Class II young stellar objects. Along this trend from large to small mass. flow rates, the different classes of young stellar objects lie in the sequence Class 0-Class I/flat-spectrum-Class II, indicating that the trend is an evolutionary sequence in which (M) over dot(a) and (M) over dot(w) decrease together with increasing age, while maintaining rough proportionality. The survey results include two that. are key tests of magnetocentrifugal outflow-acceleration mechanisms: the distribution of the outflow/accretion branching ratio b = (M) over dot(w)/(M) over dot(a), and limits on the distribution of outflow speeds. Neither rules out any of the three leading outflow-acceleration, angular-momentum-ejection mechanisms, but they provide some evidence that disk winds and accretion-powered stellar winds (APSWs) operate in many protostars. An upper edge observed in the branching-ratio distribution is consistent with the upper bound of b = 0.6 found in models of APSWs, and a large fraction (31%) of the sample have a. branching ratio sufficiently small that only disk winds, launched on scales as large as several au, have been demonstrated to account for them.
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Petřeková, Monika. "Manželé Tofflerovi a informační politika." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329086.
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The presented Master's thesis describes the work of the Tofflers and it is primarily about their view of information and information policy. According to the Tofflers, the human race went through three developmental steps that are characterized by the used resources of production. The first wave (which is how the Tofflers call the steps) was agricultural, the second wave industrial and now the human race is in information wave, where information is the main economic driver. Because of this fact, it is necessary to develop strategies for access to information, information technologies and information channels. Keywords: information policy, information society, the third wave, future shock, influence of ICT
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Pon, Andrew Richard. "Shocks, Superbubbles, and Filaments: Investigations into Large Scale Gas Motions in Giant Molecular Clouds." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4553.
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Giant molecular clouds (GMCs), out of which stars form, are complex, dynamic systems, which both influence and are shaped by the process of star formation. In this dissertation, I examine three different facets of the dynamical motions within GMCs.
Collapse modes in different dimensional objects.
Molecular clouds contain lower dimensional substructures, such as filaments and sheets. The collapse properties of finite filaments and sheets differ from those of spherical objects as well as infinite sheets and filaments. I examine the importance of local collapse modes of small central perturbations, relative to global collapse modes, in different dimensional objects to elucidate whether strong perturbations are required for molecular clouds to fragment to form stars. I also calculate the dependence of the global collapse timescale upon the aspect ratio of sheets and filaments. I find that lower dimensional objects are more readily fragmented, and that for a constant density, lower dimensional objects and clouds with larger aspect ratios collapse more slowly. An edge-driven collapse mode also exists in sheets and filaments and is most important in elongated filaments. The failure to consider the geometry of a gas cloud is shown to lead to an overestimation of the star formation rate by up to an order of magnitude.
Molecular tracers of turbulent energy dissipation.
Molecular clouds contain supersonic turbulence that simulations predict will decay rapidly via shocks. I use shock models to predict which species emit the majority of the turbulent energy dissipated in shocks and find that carbon monoxide, CO, is primarily responsible for radiating away this energy. By combining these shock models with estimates for the turbulent energy dissipation rate of molecular clouds, I predict the expected shock spectra of CO from molecular clouds. I compare the results of these shock models to predictions for the emission from the unshocked gas in GMCs and show that mid-to-high rotational transitions of CO (e.g., J = 8 to 7), should be dominated by shocked gas emission and should trace the turbulent energy being dissipated in molecular clouds.
Orion-Eridanus superbubble.
The nearby Orion star forming region has created a large bubble of hot plasma in the local interstellar medium referred to as the Orion-Eridanus superbubble. This bubble is unusual in that it is highly elongated, is believed to be oriented roughly parallel to the galactic plane, and contains bright filamentary features on the Eridanus side. I fit models for a wind driven bubble in an exponential atmosphere to the Orion-Eridanus superbubble and show that the elongation of the bubble cannot be explained by such a model in which the scale height of the galactic disk is the typical value of 150 pc. Either a much smaller scale height must be adopted or some additional physics must be added to the model. I also show that the Eridanus filaments cannot be equilibrium objects ionized by the Orion star forming region.Graduate
0606
andyrpon@gmail.com
Books on the topic "IST shock"
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Size matters: measuring the effects of inequality and growth shocks. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/934-1.
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Understanding the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is of utmost importance to economists and social scientists. In this paper we use a Bayesian structural vector autoregression approach to estimate the relationship between inequality and growth via growth and inequality shocks for two large economies, China and the USA, for the years 1979–2018. We find that a growth shock is inequality-increasing, and an inequality shock is growth-reducing. We also find, however, that the sizes of the effects of these shocks are very small, accounting for under 2 per cent of the variance for both countries. Finally, we also find that the effects of the shocks dissipate within ten years, suggesting that the effects of these shocks are a short-term phenomenon.
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Evans, Charlotte, Anne Creaton, Marcus Kennedy, and Terry Martin, eds. Shock. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722168.003.0010.
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It is essential that the retrievalist is au fait with the clinical syndrome of shock. A précis of the pathophysiology of shock is explained and conditions that progress to shock are listed. Risk factors are identified and interventions are covered. The retrievalist is given evidence-based guidance on the use of interventions and treatments to support these patients.
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Deakin, Charles D. Defibrillation and pacing during cardiac arrest. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0063.
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Defibrillation is the passage of electrical current across the myocardium to allow synchronized repolarisation and return of a perfusing rhythm. It is now an established intervention for patients in shockable rhythms during cardiac arrest and is administered every 2 minutes during resuscitation until return of spontaneous circulation. Modern biphasic waveforms are more effective than older monophasic waveforms, achieving first shock success rate of approximately 90%. For ventricular fibrillation in adults, the initial shock should be delivered at 150 J, and if further shocks are required, escalating energy is probably more effective than a fixed energy strategy. All paediatric shocks should be delivered at 4 J/kg. Although it is important to stand clear of the patient when the shock is delivered, defibrillation should be administered with minimal interruption to resuscitation, ideally resulting in a pause to chest compressions of no more than 5 seconds. External pacing may be life-saving in patients refractory to pharmacological support of bradyarrhythmias, but is ineffective for asystole.
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Waldmann, Carl, Neil Soni, and Andrew Rhodes. Shock. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0026.
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Shock: definition and diagnosis 446Hypovolaemic shock 450Cardiogenic shock 452Anaphylactic shock 456Septic shock: pathogenesis 458Shock, or acute circulatory failure, defines a state in which the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissue is insufficient to meet basal metabolic needs, leading to tissue hypoxia, and, if persistent, to MOF and death. Shock results from tissue hypoperfusion and microcirculatory dysfunction, and should thus not be restricted to hypotension. Although frequent, hypotension is not mandatory for the diagnosis of shock. In the absence of hypotension, increased lactate levels may indicate tissue hypoper-fusion and can be used to diagnose shock (at least at its initiation)....
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Hatfield, Anthea. Shock. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199666041.003.0020.
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Shock is a clinical diagnosis that occurs when the circulation fails. Read this chapter carefully and learn to recognize the early signs and symptoms of shock. Ideally you should be treating shock even as you make the diagnosis. This chapter will teach you about the different types of shock, their distinguishing features, and specific treatments. You will also learn to distinguish the different stages of shock and the physiology paragraphs will help you understand the changes the body’s metabolism.
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Pang, Diana, and Joseph A. Carcillo. Pediatric Shock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0008.
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The chapter on pediatric shock recognition and management provides essential information on types of shock and its management. It contains summaries of hypovolemic, hemorrhagic, cardiogenic, vasoplegic, septic, metabolic, and dysoxic shock. All types of shock are best treated when therapy is targeted toward achieving specific goals (goal-directed therapy), and this chapter provides guidelines for clinical, hemodynamic, and biochemical goals. To achieve those goals, the chapter also provides guidelines on the use of key therapies, including isotonic crystalloid and colloid, blood products, catecholamines, inodilators, vasopressors, other medications (steroids, prostaglandin, triiodothyronine), and extracorporeal life support.
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Lee, Angela, and Gebhard Wagener. Distributive Shock. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0011.
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The distributive shock chapter reviews the definition, classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic goals of shock. It examines the cardiovascular factors and mechanisms leading to impaired oxygen delivery and its effect on the pathogenesis of shock. It reviews the compensatory mechanisms in shock that cause symptoms and organ manifestations in patients with acute circulatory failure. This chapter also discusses the limitations and benefits of different monitoring modalities during shock management including central venous pressure, mixed venous oxygen saturation, and echocardiography. Finally, it considers therapeutic goals and treatments to restore perfusion to reverse the shock state.
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Hearne, Rory. Housing Shock. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447353898.001.0001.
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The unprecedented housing and homelessness crisis in Ireland is having profound impacts on Generation Rent, the wellbeing of children, worsening wider inequality and threatening the economy. Housing Shock contextualises the Irish housing crisis within the broader global housing situation by examining the origins of the crisis in terms of austerity, marketisation and the new era of financialisation, where global investors are making housing unaffordable and turning homes into assets for the wealthy. The COVID-19 pandemic has also shown the central importance of secure, affordable, decent standard homes and housing and this book details the structural problems and inequalities that COVID has exposed. It also brings to the fore the perspectives of those most affected by the crisis, new housing activists and protesters whilst providing innovative global solutions for a new vision for affordable, sustainable homes for all including “a green new deal for housing that provides affordable sustainable homes and communities for all”, a new form of public housing and putting the right to adequate, affordable, secure housing in the constitution and law. And it points to hopeful aspects in the new civil society housing protest movements in Ireland. It also details the contribution that academics and policy makers can make in social change in housing. This book shows how housing is fundamental to our wellbeing and a housing system that ensures everyone has an affordable secure home is beneficial for all and that achieving this is a political and societal choice.
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Sobol, Julia, and Jack Louro. Obstructive Shock. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0012.
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In the perioperative period, various mechanisms can lead to the development of shock. The type of shock needs to be rapidly elucidated and initial management steps initiated to minimize the time of tissue hypoperfusion. Obstructive shock is caused by physical obstruction of circulation either into or out of the heart. The mechanisms that lead to obstructive shock either prevent blood from entering the right heart during diastole such as a tension pneumothorax or pericardial tamponade, or prevent the heart from ejecting the blood due to a physical obstruction, as in the case of pulmonary embolism or left ventricular outflow obstruction. While supportive care with volume resuscitation and inotropes to maintain cardiac output is crucial, early determination of the cause with prompt treatment is needed to prevent circulatory collapse. This chapter reviews the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to obstructive shock and management steps to stabilize the patient and treat the underlying cause.
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Abcejo, Arnoley S., and Jeffrey J. Pasternak. Neurogenic Shock. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0072.
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Neurogenic shock is a pathophysiologic state of systemic hypoperfusion characterized by a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance secondary to loss of sympathetic tone. Neurogenic shock is most commonly seen in the setting of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) but can also occur following significant brain injury. Interruption of sympathetic fibers causes loss of basal vascular sympathetic tone, commonly allowing unopposed parasympathetic tone. As a result, severe hypotension and bradycardia can further exacerbate neurologic injury and organ perfusion. Understanding the physiologic and anatomic changes of neurogenic shock can help direct appropriate resuscitation efforts. Physiologic goals should focus on reversing hypotension, preventing hypoxia, and optimizing perfusion of the injured central nervous system and other critical organs.
Book chapters on the topic "IST shock"
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Han, Zhaoyuan, and Xiezhen Yin. "Refractions of Shock Waves at Interface Between Different Media and Interaction Between Shocks." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 280–309. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2995-6_11.
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Liu, Tai-Ping, and Zhouping Xin. "Overcompressive Shock Waves." In The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications, 139–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9049-7_11.
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Han, Zhaoyuan, and Xiezhen Yin. "Equations of Shock Dynamics for a Nonuniform Quiescent Gas Ahead of a Shock Wave." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 118–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2995-6_5.
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Šafránková, J., Z. Němeček, and M. Borák. "Bow Shock Position: Observations and Models." In Interball in the ISTP Program, 187–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4487-2_14.
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Erlebacher, G., M. Y. Hussaini, and T. L. Jackson. "Numerical Simulations of Shock-Turbulence Interactions." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 317–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5432-1_26.
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Han, Zhaoyuan, and Xiezhen Yin. "Two-Dimensional Equations of Shock Dynamics for a Uniform Quiescent Gas Ahead of a Shock Wave." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 42–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2995-6_3.
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Han, Zhaoyuan, and Xiezhen Yin. "Three-Dimensional Equations of Shock Dynamics for a Uniform Quiescent Gas Ahead of a Shock Wave." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 68–117. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2995-6_4.
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Han, Zhaoyuan, and Xiezhen Yin. "Reflections of Shock Waves in Unsteady Flow." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 264–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2995-6_10.
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Sands, C. J., A. M. Milne, L. J. Clifford, and G. O. Thomas. "Shock Induced Combustion Over a Rectangular Ramp." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 61–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5432-1_5.
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Kessel, R. L., and S. H. Chen. "On the Earth’s Bow Shock Near Solar Minimum." In Interball in the ISTP Program, 87–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4487-2_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "IST shock"
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Winter, Katharina, Joerg Hartmann, Peter Jeschke, and Manfred Lahmer. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Streamwise Surface Waviness on Axial Compressor Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95983.
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This paper gives an account of an experimental and numerical assessment of the aerodynamic influence of surface imperfections, in the form of sinusoidal waviness, as typically caused by manufacturing malfunctions, on a highly subsonic compressor blade. This knowledge marks a step forward towards an aerodynamically and commercially adequate zero-scrap-rate industrial manufacturing process of expensive integral parts like integrally bladed rotors. The investigation itself used the following approach. First, five potential setups were identified by intensive numerical pre-examination, differing in respect of the two parameters, wave length and wave height. The setups were investigated in the linear cascade wind tunnel of the IST for three operating conditions, with a peak profile Mach number around one, all at constant Reynolds number. It was possible to confirm three main effects responsible for higher losses due to surface waviness. These were: an acceleration on the raising edge of the wave; small shock systems on the first two wave crests; and a shock-induced separation in the wave hollow which leads to a strong shear layer.
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DiFiore, Amanda M., Abdullatif K. Zaouk, Neil J. Mansfield, and S. K. John Punwani. "Whole-Body Vibration in Locomotive Cabs." In ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67016.
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Locomotives produce vibrations and mechanical shocks from irregularities in the track, structural dynamics, the engines, the trucks, and train slack movement (Mansfield, 2005). The different directions of the irregularities give rise to car-body vibrations in multiple axes including the following: • Longitudinal, or along the length of the train (x); • Lateral, or the side-to-side direction of the train (y); • Vertical (z). Some reports suggest that acceleration at the seat pan is greater than that at the floor, indicating that the seat may amplify the vibration (Johanning, et al., 2006; Mansfield, 2005; Oborne & Clarke, 1974; Transport, 1980). The magnitude of vertical vibration in rail vehicles is reportedly well below many other types of vehicles (Dupuis & Zerlett, 1986; Griffin, 1990; Johanning, 1998). However, some research reports that rail vehicles experience far more lateral vibratory motion than cars and trucks (Lundstrom & Lindberg, 1983). Many factors influence the impact of shock felt by the engineer including train speed, consist, engineer control skills, anticipation of the shock, motion amplitude, shock duration, and body posture. Shock events and vibration affect ride quality; however, shocks are less controllable by locomotive design. Common sources of mechanical shock are coupling and slack run-ins and run-outs (Multer, et al., 1998). While there are investigations of whole-body vibration (WBV) in locomotive cabs reported in the literature, there have been no studies to date that have examined long-haul continuous vibrations (> 16 hr). The authors describe a long-haul WBV study collected on a 2007 GE ES44DC locomotive. It is the first in a series of studies sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) to examine WBV and shock in locomotive cabs. The researchers recorded vibration data using 2 triaxial accelerometers on the engineers’ seat: a seat pad accelerometer placed on the seat cushion and a frame accelerometer attached to the seat frame at the base. Data collection occurred over 550 track miles for 16hr 44min. ISO 2631-1 defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient WBV. The focus of ISO 2631-5 is to evaluate the exposure of a seated person to multiple mechanical shocks from seat pad measurements. The research team collected and analyzed vibrations in accordance with ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5. The results from the study as well as future planned long-haul studies will provide a benchmark set of WBV metrics that define the vibration environment of present-day locomotive operations.
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DiFiore, Amanda, Abdullatif Zaouk, Samiullah Durrani, Neil Mansfield, and John Punwani. "Long-Haul Whole-Body Vibration Assessment of Locomotive Cabs." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74075.
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Locomotives produce vibrations and mechanical shocks from irregularities in the track, structural dynamics, the engines, the trucks, and train slack movement (Mansfield, 2005). The different directions of the irregularities give rise to car-body vibrations in multiple axes including the following: • longitudinal, or along the length of the train (x); • lateral, or the side-to-side direction of the train (y); • vertical (z). The structural dynamics of rail vehicles give rise to several resonances in the 0.5–20Hz frequency range (Andersson, et al., 2005). Resonances are frequencies in the locomotive that cause larger amplitude oscillations. At these frequencies, even small-amplitude input vibration can produce large output oscillations. Further exacerbating the vibration environment, coupling of the axes of movement occurs: Motions in one direction contribute to motion in a different direction. The magnitude of vertical vibration in rail vehicles is reportedly well below many other types of vehicles (Dupuis & Zerlett, 1986; Griffin, 1990; Johanning, 1998). However, a lack of data from long-haul freight operations prevents an adequate characterization of the vibration environment of locomotive cabs. The authors describe results from 2 long-haul whole-body vibration (WBV) studies collected on a 2009 GE ES44C4 locomotive and a 2008 EMD SD70ACe. These WBV studies sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) examined WBV and shock in locomotives over 123 hours and 2274 track miles. The researchers recorded vibration data using 2 triaxial accelerometers on the engineers’ seat: a seat pad accelerometer placed on the seat cushion and a frame accelerometer attached to the seat frame at the base. The research team collected and analyzed vibrations in accordance with ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5. ISO 2631-1 defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient WBV. The focus of ISO 2631-5 is to evaluate the exposure of a seated person to multiple mechanical shocks from seat pad measurements. Exposure to excessive vibration is associated with an increased occupational risk of fatigue-related musculoskeletal injury and disruption of the vestibular system. While this is not an established causal relationship, it is possible that vibration approaching the ISO 2631-1 health caution guidance zones may lead to an increased occupational risk. The results from these rides show that the frequency-weighted ISO 2631 metrics are below the established health guidance caution zones of the WBV ISO 2631 standards. The goals of these studies are to: • collect data in accordance with international standards so results can be compared with similar findings in the literature for shorter duration rides as well as vibration studies in other transportation modes, • to characterize vibration and shock in a representative sample of locomotive operations to be able to generalize the results across the industry, and • collect benchmark data for future locomotive cab ride-quality standards.
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Lougheed, Mark D., and James Canova. "A Unified Laboratory and Field Testing Approach of Marine Shock Mitigating Seats." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-t44.
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Marine shock mitigating seats have been shown to reduce fatigue and decrease the likelihood and severity of injury of seated persons –particularly when installed aboard high speed commercial or combatant planing craft. Not so clear is how the performance of such seating systems are characterized so informed decisions can be made as to which seats perform best in specific conditions. Standards do exist to help quantify the injury risks associated with exposure to repeated shock and whole body vibration. However, such methods are field test based and the results somewhat difficult to understand. Work by the authors is presented from their experiences in characterizing seat performance to different standards includingSed8(ISO 2631-5,1997), UK Ministry of Defense Protocol 1 (UK MoD, 2014) as well as members sitting on the new ISO TC108/SC4/WG18 subcommittee on Human Exposure to Mechanical Vibration and Shock, Testing of Shock Mitigating Marine Seats. A new method is presented that allows for results obtained by both field and laboratory seat testing to be related to injury risk and compared equally in meaningful, understandable and objective ways.
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Donato, Nicole, Christopher Aul, Eric Petersen, Christopher Zinner, Henry Curran, and Gilles Bourque. "Ignition and Oxidation of 50/50 Butane Isomer Blends." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59673.
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One of the alkanes found within gaseous fuel blends of interest to gas turbine applications is butane. There are two structural isomers of butane, normal butane and iso-butane, and the combustion characteristics of either isomer are not well known. Of particular interest to this work are mixtures of n-butane and iso-butane. A shock-tube experiment was performed to produce important ignition delay time data for these binary butane isomer mixtures which are not currently well studied, with emphasis on 50–50 blends of the two isomers. These data represent the most extensive shock-tube results to date for mixtures of n-butane and iso-butane. Ignition within the shock tube was determined from the sharp pressure rise measured at the endwall which is characteristic of such exothermic reactions. Both experimental and kinetics modeling results are presented for a wide range of stoichiometry (φ = 0.3–2.0), temperature (1056–1598 K), and pressure (1–21 atm). The results of this work serve as validation for the current chemical kinetics model. Correlations in the form of Arrhenius-type expressions are presented which agree well with both the experimental results and the kinetics modeling. The results of an ignition-delay-time sensitivity analysis are provided, and key reactions are identified. The data from this study are compared with the modeling results of 100% normal butane and 100% iso-butane. The 50/50 mixture of n-butane and iso-butane was shown to be more readily ignitable than 100% iso-butane but reacts slower than 100% n-butane only for the richer mixtures. There was little difference in ignition time between the lean mixtures.
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Thibos, Larry N. "Principles of Hartmann-Shack Aberrometry." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.2000.nw6.
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Lei Chen, Morteza Mohammadzaheri, Fangpo He, and Karl Sammut. "Distributed active shock absorbers for flexible structures." In 2008 5th International Symposium on Mechatronics and Its Applications (ISMA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isma.2008.4648831.
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Yang, B. "Research of pressure shock in flight control system." In CSAA/IET International Conference on Aircraft Utility Systems (AUS 2020). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.0412.
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Hingway, S. P., and K. M. Bhurchandi. "Hierarchical representation of objects using shock graph methods." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Jaakko T. Astola and Karen O. Egiazarian. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.838821.
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Mohamed, A. Abd El-Sabor, Amrit Bikram Sahu, Snehasish Panigrahy, Gilles Bourque, and Henry Curran. "Ignition Delay Time Correlation of C1 – C5 Natural Gas Blends for Intermediate and High Temperature Regime." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59053.
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Abstract New ignition delay time (IDT) data for stoichiometric natural gas (NG) blends composed of C1 – C5 n-alkanes with methane as the major component were recorded using a high pressure shock tube (ST) at reflected shock pressures (p5) and temperatures (T5) in the range 20–30 bar and 1000–1500 K, respectively. The good agreement of the new IDT experimental data with literature data shows the reliability of the new data at the conditions investigated. Comparisons of simulations using the NUI Galway mechanism (NUIGMech1.0) show very good agreement with the new experimental results and with the existing data available in the literature. Empirical IDT correlation equations have been developed through multiple linear regression analyses for these C1 – C5 n-alkane/air mixtures using constant volume IDT simulations in the pressure range pC = 10–50 bar, at temperatures TC = 950–2000 K and in the equivalence ratio (φ) range 0.3–3.0. Moreover, a global correlation equation is developed using NUIGMech1.0, to predict the IDTs for these NG mixtures and other relevant data available in the literature. The correlation expression utilized in this study employs a traditional Arrhenius rate form including dependencies on the individual fuel fraction, TC, φ and pC.
Reports on the topic "IST shock"
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Carlsson, Mikael, Julián Messina, and Oskar Nordström Skans. Research Insights: How Do Job and Worker Flows Respond to Firms' Idiosyncratic Technology and Demand Shocks? Inter-American Development Bank, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003038.
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Permanent demand shocks are the main driver of labor adjustments. A one standard deviation demand shock increases the net employment rate by 6 percentage points in the long run, while a technology shock increases it by 0.5. Transitory demand shocks have much smaller impacts. When hit by a permanent demand shock, firms adjust fast and symmetrically. Most of the labor change occurs within a year. If the shock is positive, firms adjust by increasing hires. If the shock is negative, they increase separations without reducing hires.
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Owyang, Michael T., Howard J. Wall, and Kristie M. Engemann. Where is an Oil Shock? Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2011.016.
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Hamilton, James. What is an Oil Shock? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7755.
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Rahbari, Ladan. When Tunisia changed its laws to protect women, it shook the Arab world. Edited by Tasha Wibawa. Monash University, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/5495-f819.
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Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven Davis. COVID-19 Is Also a Reallocation Shock. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27137.
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Tong, Hui, and Shang-Jin Wei. Real Effects of the Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Is it a Demand or a Finance Shock? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14205.
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Dlott, Dana D. What is a Shock Wave to a Molecule? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535019.
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ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA NEW YORK. Minutes - Accredited Standards Committee on Mechanical Shock and Vibration, S2. U.S. Tag for ISO/TC108 Mechanical Vibration and Shock. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239612.
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Costella, Cecilia, Ana Diez, Rodolfo Beazley, and Marian Alfonso. Shock-responsive social protection and climate shocks in Latin America and the Caribbean: Lessons from COVID-19. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004740.
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Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the regions most exposed and vulnerable to climate-related risks, with large shocks occurring regularly. Climate change is exacerbating the frequency and variability of climate related extremes and increasing slow onset events, threatening social and economic outcomes in the region. Responding to climate change will require stronger risk management systems that include social protection. Social protection systems in LAC are relatively advanced, but they do not yet consider climate shocks. Overall, social protection systems suffer from relatively low coverage, leaving significant parts of the population vulnerable to transient and chronic poverty in the face of shocks. The large social protection responses that LAC implemented to address the impacts of COVID-19 present an opportunity to prepare for the challenges arising from increased climate-related shocks. This study investigates how non-contributory social protection (mainly income support) has been used to respond to previous climate-related shocks and to COVID-19, and what are the implications for managing climate-related shocks in the future.
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ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA NEW YORK. Minutes: Accredited Standards Committee on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S2. U.S. Tag for ISO/TC 108 Mechanical Vibration and Shock. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada275591.
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