Journal articles on the topic 'Israeli Corporations'
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1
al-Kurwy, Mahmood, and Faysal Shalal Abbas. "Mauritanian–Israeli relations: from normalization to freeze to suspension." Contemporary Arab Affairs 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.549357.
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This article explores the background to normalization of Mauritanian-Israeli relations in depth and detail and demonstrates why the case of Mauritania was unique both for Mauritanians, who sought to replace their erstwhile French allies, as well as for the Israelis - who viewed it as one of the first and most important pillars of their Africa policy and who invested significantly throughout all sectors of the economy. Normalization of Mauritanian-Israeli relations initially began secretly during the regime of President Muʿāwiyah Aḥmad Ould al-Ṭāyaʿ and aside from the high-level political and diplomatic contacts, transpired in many different spheres from business, to medicine, to agriculture, telecommunications and lithium extraction and prospecting. The opening of respective embassies in both countries and high-profile visits brought about tensions in Mauritania among the general populace which was never comfortable with diplomatic or trade relations with Israel and which eventually factored in precipitating a coup. Mauritania eventually froze diplomatic relations and finally cut them off after Israeli aggression against Gaza during ‘Operation Cast Lead’ took public sentiment to the titration point. While Mauritania went on to develop relations with Iran, many of the commercial and industrial ties to Israeli corporations still persist if nothing more than for the reason that Israeli penetration of Mauritanian markets and various sectors was (and to a considerable degree still remains) significant. The future situation will likely be determined as a result of the dynamic and interplay of forces discussed in this paper.
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HARPAZ, GUY. "The EU's New Approach To the Two-State Solution in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Paradigm Shift or PR Exercise?" Leiden Journal of International Law 30, no. 3 (April 17, 2017): 603–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156517000218.
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AbstractThe EU's consistent policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been that Israel's presence in the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip (prior to the 2005 disengagement) and the Golan Heights is subject to the laws of belligerent occupation, that any purported Israeli annexation is illegal and null and void, that Israel's settlements in the Territories are in breach of public international law and constitute a serious obstacle to peace, and that Israel and Palestine should settle their conflict on the basis of public international law and through the two-state solution. In recent years the EU attempted to concretize this policy through its trade and trade-related agreements with Israel, withholding the benefits of EU-Israeli co-operation from companies and research institutions based in the Territories or operating therein, as well as from products produced therein (the New Approach). Thus, from the EU perception, the New Approach towards the long-standing conflict and its reliance on international law may be seen as an instrument to reinforce internal and external legitimacy, buttress identity cohesiveness and as a manifestation of its more robust effectiveness. But this article seeks to conduct a more careful and balanced analysis of the New Approach and in doing so to reveal that the EU's (almost) exclusive focus on non-governmental entities, such as corporations situated in the Territories, and on Territories’ products, is misplaced in terms of public international law and effectiveness. The New Approach's deficiencies, in abstracto and in concreto, as evaluated in this article, are likely to prevent it from serving as a paradigm shift in EU-Israel relations.
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Doron, Israel (Issi), Manal Totry-Jubran, Guy Enosh, and Tal Regev. "An American Friend in an Israeli Court: An Empirical Perspective." Israel Law Review 48, no. 2 (June 11, 2015): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223715000047.
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The legal concept of ‘amicus curiae’ (friend of the court) was unknown in Israeli law until 1999 when, in the course of a well-known legal decision (the Kuzli case), the Israeli Supreme Court adopted this common law concept as part of Israeli law. Almost fifteen years have elapsed since the legal precedent set in Kuzli, during which time the criteria for participation as an amicus curiae have been established.The aim of this study was to empirically explore and analyse the ways in which the procedural institution of amicus curiae has been used and adopted under Israeli law, and the extent to which it has influenced judicial decisions. The study has used empirical methods, including the collection of quantitative data from computerised databases in Israel concerning cases in which an application to be recognised as an amicus curiae was made.The main findings indicate that, over the last decade, the number of applications for recognition as an amicus curiae has grown steadily. Most of these applications were made by non-governmental organisations in attempting to support private individuals engaged in legal proceedings against the state or for-profit corporations. The findings reveal that the courts have approved most of these applications.
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Maman, Daniel. "The Emergence of Business Groups: Israel and South Korea Compared." Organization Studies 23, no. 5 (September 2002): 737–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840602235003.
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This paper examines the emergence of business groups in Israel and South Korea. The paper questions how, in very different institutional contexts, similar economic organizations emerged. In contrast to the political, cultural and market perspectives, the comparative institutional analysis adopted in this research suggests that one factor alone could not explain the emergence of business groups. In Israel and South Korea, business groups emerged during the 1960s and 1970s, and there are common factors underlying their formation: state-society relations, the roles and beliefs of the elites, and the relative absence of multinational corporations in the economy. To a large extent, the chaebol are the result of an intended creation of the South Korean state, whereas the Israeli business groups are the outcome of state policies in the economic realm. In both countries, the state elite held a developmental ideology, did not rely on market forces for economic development, and had a desire for greater economic and military self-sufficiency. In addition, both states were recipients of large grants and loans from other countries, which made them less dependent on direct foreign investments. As a result, the emerging groups were protected from the intense competition of multinational corporations.
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Grafov, D. B. "Comparison of the Influence of the Chinese Lobby and the Israeli Lobby in the United States." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(44) (October 28, 2015): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-5-44-84-98.
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The article is about how pro-Israel and pro-China interest groups try to lobby on the ground of Capitol, White House and executive branch. The study of the lobbying results is based on «General theory of action» T. Parsons. It is concluded that for lobbying interests the main point will be the representation of the interests in the political and public spaces and the creating of advocacy and lobbying infrastructure. The ability of the Israeli lobby to achieve the goal can be explained, firstly, by political inclusion in the decision-making process, and, secondly, by almost axiomatic representation Israel interests through the national interests of the United States. The Israeli lobby can be considered as the religious lobby. It can use the possibilities of Jewish religious organizations in grass root action. Also this gives the opportunity to avoid the requirements of the LDA. From the point of view of the theory of Talcott Parsons, the success of the Israeli lobby is the cause of the action of a large number of actors that may form in large groups. Another advantage of the Israeli lobby is the ability of its members to get relevant information about the current situation in different spheres of political life in the U.S. The objective of the present study was to reveal the ways in which China lobby succeeds. The influence of China lobby on decision-making process in the United States can be explained through strong economic ties between American corporations and the Chinese market. When lobbying China uses numerous Chinese Diaspora in many States, as well as trying to interest of the former high-ranking American officials, granting them special privileges for doing business in China. In comparison to the Israeli lobby, the Chinese lobby has weaknesses. Chinese interest groups are not included in the political system of the USA and this is the disadvantage of the Chinese way of lobbying. Unlike Israel lobby Chinese one is external. The interests of the chinese pressure groups do not coincide with American national interests. Their actors are not rooted in the American political system.
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Gafter, Roey J., and Tommaso M. Milani. "“The Pride Revolution”." lambda nordica 28, no. 2-3 (October 23, 2023): 54–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34041/ln.v28.896.
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Israel has recently undertaken a branding strategy that has created a problematic image of the country as an LGBTQ haven in a supposedly sexually retrograde Middle East. Interestingly, while there is a large body of critical scholarship investigating the workings of Israeli homonationalism outwards, as a form of soft diplomacy, wooing international constituencies, the question of how homonationalism is discursively produced and circulated inwards for Israeli audiences has remained relatively unexplored. In order to gain a glimpse of homonationalism within Israel, we analyze the documentary hamahapexa hagea (“which was broadcast in Hebrew by the Israeli public broadcasting corporation on May 2020. With the help of the notions of collective remembering, scale and affect, we demonstrate how the remembering of the Israeli LGBTQ movement and its affective loading, pride, is characterized by specific spatio-temporal discursive moves that position Israel as an exceptional context. On a national scale, Middle-Easternness is highlighted as a key feature of Israel’s exceptional character, enabling Israel to “come out” as simultaneously pro-gay and Mizrahi (lit. “Oriental”). On a global scale, the more traditional and Middle Eastern traits of Israel are downplayed, with a view to portraying Israel as a positive exception of LGBTQ progress compared to the West. Interestingly, the military is made to play a key role in the construction of Israeli exceptionalism with regard to LGBTQ rights, and grief and trauma for fallen soldiers is presented as the emotional litmus test for acceptance of non-normative sexualities in Israel.
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Litor, Lilach. "Regulating corporate social responsibility practices of adopting codes of conduct through criminal law." Public Administration and Policy 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pap-09-2020-0043.
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PurposeThis paper explores different approaches to regulating corporate social responsibility (CSR) patterns of adopting codes of conduct, and discusses the approach that courts should embrace.Design/methodology/approachCase studies from various legal systems will be examined. The paper presents new typology relating to different patterns of the Corporate Social Performance (CSP) model, based on aspects of the CSR pyramid, namely, legislative CSR and ethical CSR. Legislative CSR includes adoption of thin codes which reflect compliance within current legal standards of the criminal code, while ethical CSR includes codes reflecting ethical norms and corporate social citizenship beyond mere compliance. The paper also includes the interplay of different patterns of CSR and three approaches to regulation regarding these patterns.FindingsBoth the Israeli negative CSR regulatory approach and the American legislative CSR regulatory approach present difficulties.Originality/valueThe paper introduces a theory for regulating CSR within criminal law, drawing on the pyramid of CSR. It presents an original discussion of distinct approaches to regulation of corporate liability, while further developing the institutional theory of CSR and the interplay of regulation and CSR. The paper suggests a novel solution regarding the regulation and acceptance of CSR: the granting of protection from criminal liability to corporations who adopt CSR.
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Sheinblat, Hemi. "The Importation of the American Supermarket Model to Israel, 1957-1967." Iyunim Multidisciplinary Studies in Israeli and Modern Jewish Society 38 (December 31, 2022): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.51854/bguy-38a144.
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This article traces the story of the importation of the American supermarket to Israel between the late 1950s to the late 1960s. The public debates over the adoption of this retail model went beyond economic and commercial aspects to include political, social, and class struggles among different groups in Israeli society, illustrative of their heterogeneous complexity at the time. The appearance of the supermarket in Israel was both symbolic and real. For many, it symbolized progress and modernization, values originating in ‘American Consumerism’ in the framework of the Cold War to demonstrate the advantages of the American way of life. The supermarket model was established through two main entities: initially by the foreign-owned private company Shufersal and through the Histadrut Corporation and its government-supported chain of food stores. The establishment of the supermarket marked a significant change in the Israeli retail food trade and consumption and management patterns. These included self-service, frozen food products, weekly specials, background music, consumer benefits, attractive packaging, advertising which offered a ‘shopping experience’ that was new to Israel at the time.
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Hall, Mick. "Legacy media outlets also stand in dock over Gaza: How RNZ, ABC and other Western media failed to challenge Israeli war narratives." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 30, no. 1and2 (July 1, 2024): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v30i1and2.1339.
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As Israel faces charges at the International Court of Justice in The Hague of breaching the 1948 Genocide Convention, for many people Western media institutions also stand in the dock. Critics have pointed to a media failure to effectively challenge a narrative that framed Israel’s actions in terms of an erroneous claim to Israeli ‘self-defence’, a de facto diplomatic cover for war crimes, ethnic cleansing and probable acts of genocide. In the Pacific, news leaders at Radio New Zealand (RNZ) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), by alleged omission, story framing, inaccuracies, passive editorial stances, including a refusal to adjudicate contentious claims when the evidence was available, fall into the category. Such failures call into question claims of due impartiality, a fundamental tenet media outlets use to anchor their credibility as trusted sources of news. Failure to adequately create awareness of Israeli crimes also raises questions over whether state-funded public broadcasters are fulfilling the informational needs of democratic citizenship and serving the public interest, or whether they are serving the interests of a Western power elite.
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Lavee, Doron, and Sefi Bahar. "Examining the economies of scale of water and sewage utilities in the urban sector: the case of Israel." Water Policy 19, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.095.
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This study applies econometric tools to examine the economies of scale of the water and sewage utilities corporation (utilities) in the urban sector in Israel, and to find whether reducing the number of utilities will maximize efficiency in the urban water sector. Using an econometric analysis of an elasticity Translog cost function, which allows the estimation of returns to scale, the authors examined the optimal size for water and sewage utilities in Israel, based on panel data of 51 utilities. According to the study's results, there is a distinct advantage of economies of scale in Israel's water utilities, and the current distribution of the urban water sector in Israel is characterized by inefficiency and high cost. The results indicate that reducing the number of utilities will achieve an increase in water quantities by utility, and the costs of water production will decline due to economies of scale.
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Carmi, Golan, and Dan Bouhnik. "The Effect of Rational Based Beliefs and Awareness on Employee Compliance with Information Security Procedures: A Case Study of a Financial Corporation in Israel." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 15 (2020): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4596.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper examines the behavior of financial firm employees with regard to information security procedures instituted within their organization. Furthermore, the effect of information security awareness and its importance within a firm is explored. Background: The study focuses on employees’ attitude toward compliance with information security policies (ISP), combined with various norms and personal abilities. Methodology: A self-reported questionnaire was distributed among 202 employees of a large financial Corporation Contribution: As far as we know, this is the first paper to thoroughly explore employees’ awareness of information system procedures, among financial organizations in Israel, and also the first to develop operative recommendations for these organizations aimed at increasing ISP compliance behavior. The main contribution of this study is that it investigates compliance with information security practices among employees of a defined financial corporation operating under rigid regulatory governance, confidentiality and privacy of data, and stringent requirements for compliance with information security procedures. Findings: Our results indicate that employees’ attitudes, normative beliefs and personal capabilities to comply with firm’s ISP, have positive effects on the firm’s ISP compliance. Also, employees’ general awareness of IS, as well as awareness to ISP within the firm, positively affect employees’ ISP compliance. Recommendations for Practitioners: This study can help information security managers identify the motivating factors for employee behavior to maintain information security procedures, properly channel information security resources, and manage appropriate information security behavior. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers can see that corporate rewards and sanctions have significant effects on employee security behavior, but other motivational factors also reinforce the ISP’s compliance behavior. Distinguishing between types of corporations and organizations is essential to understanding employee compliance with information security procedures. Impact on Society: This study offers another level of understanding of employee behavior with regard to information security in organizations and comprises a significant contribution to the growing knowledge in this area. The research results form an important basis for IS policymakers, culture designers, managers, and those directly responsible for IS in the organization. Future Research: Future work should sample employees from another type of corporation from other fields and should apply qualitative analysis to explore other aspects of behavioral patterns related to the subject matter.
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Larocque, Robin. "Corporate Social Responsibility: An Anthropological Approach to Understanding CSR as Global Governance." Pathways 2, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/pathways21.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a crucial element of development projects, and this has led anthropologists to speculate on the unintended consequences of positioning big business as givers of aid. Supported by international law and governments that deregulate businesses who practice CSR, corporations move freely across borders into countries whose communities become dependent on corporate aid dollars. Corporations assert their financial might by funneling their aid dollars through partnerships with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the countries where they operate. An examination of the structure of partnerships formed between and among corporations, governments, and NGOs shows that they are imbalanced in their power structure and this imbalance extends to the target populations of CSR programs. This paper examines the ramifications of these power imbalances through an assessment of Coca-Cola's activity in India and Israel alongside a review of the work of anthropologists in the area of CSR. Through this examination, I argue that CSR programs are instilling corporations with political influence that enables them to vie for global governing power, demonstrating that this dynamic has dire consequences for both the communities with whom corporations are interacting and the environment.
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Romanov, Dmitri. "The corporation as a tax shelter: Evidence from recent Israeli tax changes." Journal of Public Economics 90, no. 10-11 (November 2006): 1939–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.03.003.
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Yoran, Aharon. "Forty Years of Corporation Law." Israel Law Review 24, no. 3-4 (1990): 726–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700010189.
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The principal thesis expressed by Professor Procaccia is that when establishing rules, their economic and political significance should be considered. Accordingly, the agency problem would be solved by developing a collective enforcement mechanism (the derivative action), and by creating rules that would enable the market for corporate control to function. Under his system, it is unimportant which specific rules of liability are set by the legislature since, in any case, the market mechanism will correct the rules. It is pointless, therefore, to “waste energy” on laying down primary principles of liability.The author has made a valuable contribution in presenting new approaches and their consequences: the previous school, the economic analysis of law, and the new school, critical legal studies. However, when he applies the implications of analysis in terms of these new concepts to corporation law in Israel, Prof. Procaccia fails to examine the question of the relevance and applicability of the models. The economic analysis of law model becomes irrelevant when the market fails. In such a case, the market mechanism does not work to correct the primary rules.
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&NA;. "United Therapeutics Corporation has received approval in Israel for IV treprostinil." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1521 (January 2006): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200615210-00046.
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Shachar, Itamar Y., and Lesley Hustinx. "Settling the Neoliberal Contradiction through Corporate Volunteering: Governing Employees in the Era of Cognitive Capitalism." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 48, no. 6 (February 10, 2019): 773–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241619828442.
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Corporations are increasingly interested in promoting corporate volunteering, and their efforts are aligned with supportive nonprofits and public policies. The article seeks to understand the reasons for this growing interest. It is based on insights from an ethnographic exploration of corporate volunteering activities in a transnational nonprofit that involves highly skilled corporate volunteers in its programs of entrepreneurship education. A multi-sited fieldwork was conducted in the organization’s program offices and its corporate partners in the United States, Belgium, and Israel. The analysis demonstrates how corporate volunteering conjoins various elements—ideological, interactionist, symbolic, and ethical—to maintain the creative engagement of highly skilled employees in cognitive capitalism. The article thus argues that the increasing interest in corporate volunteering emerges from a classwide rationality that extends beyond instrumental interests of particular corporations, as corporate volunteering constitutes a governmentality technique that molds employees’ subjectivities and maintains their wider commitment to capitalism.
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Ugbogu, Marklene Chinatu. "Ethical issues in the western Nigeria development corporation and its Israeli partners, 1958-1966." Global Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 1 (May 20, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjss.v14i1.6.
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Ailon, Galit, and Gideon Kunda. "`The One-Company Approach': Transnationalism in an Israeli—Palestinian Subsidiary of a Multinational Corporation." Organization Studies 30, no. 7 (July 2009): 693–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840609104808.
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Klein Shagrir, Oranit. "Digital First!" Public Service Broadcasting in the Digital Age 8, no. 16 (December 19, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2019.jethc176.
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KAN, the new Israeli public service broadcasting corporation, was established in 2015 to replace the declining, 40-year-old, PSB. This unique situation constitutes an intriguing case study for exploring several interrelated academic and professional contemporary interrelated discussions: transforming PSB organisations into public service media and adapting their public mission to the digital age; political pressure on PSM organisations and their struggle for independence; and PSM's legitimacy in a challenging media environment. This paper identifies the strategies employed by KAN to manufacture legitimacy and consolidate the organisation's existence solely via online outlets, and the relation of these strategies to core PSM values.
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Woo, C. K., Brian Horii, and Ira Horowitz. "The Hopkinson tariff alternative to TOU rates in the Israel Electric Corporation." Managerial and Decision Economics 23, no. 1 (2001): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.1040.
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Labelle, Maurice Jr M. "De-coca-colonizing Egypt: globalization, decolonization, and the Egyptian boycott of Coca-Cola, 1966–68." Journal of Global History 9, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000521.
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AbstractIn the middle of the twentieth century, many Egyptians welcomed the arrival of Coca-Cola.Yet the Egyptian embrace of Coke drastically declined when, in April 1966, the firm consented to the opening of a bottling franchise in Israel. This article explores the de-coca-colonization of post-independence Egypt. The Coca-Cola Company's reluctance to revoke its commercial extension into Israel obliged the Egyptian government to reject the multinational corporation's discourse of development, view Coke as a political threat, vote in favour of an Arab League boycott, and ultimately close its borders to Coca-Cola. By doing so, the Cairo government did not reject either cultural globalization or economic modernization, nor was it disconnected from the global flow of capital, people, ideas, and goods, but it chose to concentrate its support on one of these processes: decolonization.
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Orgal, S., and Z. Roth. "13 SEASONAL CHANGES IN ION CONCENTRATION, ION-CHANNEL EXPRESSION, ACROSOME INTEGRITY, AND BOVINE SPERM QUALITY." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab13.
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The decrease in dairy cow fertility during the summer is mainly associated with the deleterious effects of heat stress on the female reproductive tract. The present study suggests that the decreased reproductive performance is, in part, a result of using semen of inferior quality. Evaluated parameters included (1) ionic concentrations in the seminal fluid of bull semen, including [Ca2+], [K+], and [Na+]; (2) expression of ion channels CNGB1, CNGA3, and IP3R; (3) parameters of semen quality such as volume, concentration, motility, and progressive motility; and (4) acrosome integrity. Semen was collected from 5 representative bulls throughout the summer (August and September) and winter (December and January), and was evaluated according to a computerized sperm quality analyzer for bulls (SQA-Vb, Medical Electronic Systems, Caesarea, Israel). [Ca2+], [K+], and [Na+] in the seminal fluid were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. A semiquantitative PCR and the computer program Scion Image (Scion Corporation, Frederick, MD) were used to determine RNA expression of ion channels CNGB1, CNGA3, and IP3R. Acrosome integrity was assessed by a triple-fluorescence test, which included Hoechst 33342 (h33342), fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA), and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by t-test (JMP-in 5.1). Findings revealed seasonal differences in [K+], [Na+] (P < 0.01), and [Ca2+] (P < 0.08) in the seminal fluid. These were associated with differences in RNA expression for ion channels CNGB1, CNGA3 (P < 0.01), and IP3R (P < 0.09), which are known to be involved in acrosome reactions. Although no differences were found in fresh semen, a progressive decrease in motility was noted for post-thaw semen collected in the summer (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the proportion of sperm cells with damaged acrosomes was higher in post-thaw semen collected in the summer than in its counterpart collected in winter (54.2 ± 3.5% v. 51.4 ± 1.9%, respectively; P < 0.08). The results suggest that semen collected during the summer is less able to survive cryopreservation, as reflected by its inferior vitality post-thawing. Further examination is required to determine whether such alterations are involved in the low summer fertility of dairy cows. The authors thank the Israeli Artificial Insemination Center, Sion, for semen and Medical Electronic Systems (Caesarea, Israel) for providing the SQA-Vb sperm quality analyzer.
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Clarke, Duncan L. "Mainline Protestants Begin to Divest from Israel: A Moral Imperative or ““Effective”” Anti-Semitism?" Journal of Palestine Studies 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2005.35.1.44.
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A campaign to divest selectively in corporations doing business in Israel, which began on American university campuses and then ebbed, has been adopted and reinvigorated by important mainline Protestant churches, especially the Presbyterian Church in the United States (PC[USA]). This article examines the PC(USA)'s catalytic role in the divestment movement, the backlash within church ranks, and the evolving positions of other Protestant denominations. The determined opposition by Jewish groups and the dampening effect of accusations of ““functional anti-Semitism”” are also discussed. While its ultimate effectiveness is impossible to predict, the divestment movement is in motion and is gaining consequential advocates.
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Hain, Y., and I. Schweitzer. "Analysis of the power blackout of June 8, 1995 in the Israel Electric Corporation." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 12, no. 4 (1997): 1752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.627887.
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Regev, Lior, Peter Steier, Yigal Shachar, Eugenia Mintz, Eva Maria Wild, Walter Kutschera, and Elisabetta Boaretto. "D-REAMS: A New Compact AMS System for Radiocarbon Measurements at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel." Radiocarbon 59, no. 3 (December 23, 2016): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.96.
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AbstractThe Dangoor REsearch Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (D-REAMS) is a dedicated carbon-only AMS system, built by National Electrostatics Corporation (NEC). It is based on the 1.5SDH Pelletron, operating at 460 keV. The machine was installed at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, in January–February 2013, and passed the acceptance test on March 2013. Since then, over 4500 samples have been successfully measured. Here, we present the results of an intercomparison experiment, done in collaboration with the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator (VERA), and some typical operation parameters and measurement values of the new AMS system.
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Mamaeva, Makbal. "Organizational aspects of ensuring the independence of the institution of the legal profession in Uzbekistan: problematic aspects." Jurisprudence 1, no. 6 (December 15, 2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.1.6./zfok8859.
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This article is the author’s analysis of the current state of affairs in ensuring the organizational principles of the independence of the legal profession in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the study of existing opinions, analysis of legislative acts, as well as familiarization with the experience of some foreign countries, the author comes to the conclusion that the principles of self-government and self-organization of advocacy in Uzbekistan are not implemented effectively enough, leaving room for some pressure from the state, in particular bodies of justice. Thus, the opinion is substantiated about the possibility of the influence of the justice authorities in such cases as licensing of advocacy (access to the profession), the formation of the leadership of the corporation of advocates, as well as bringing advocates to disciplinary responsibility. Taking into account the study of the experience of such countries as the USA, England, France, Finland, Israel, Austria, Italy, Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Tajikistan, Moldova, the author presents recommendations for improving the institutional foundations of self-organization and self-government of a Bar corporation in Uzbekistan.
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Harpaz, Guy. "The Front Polisario Verdict and the Gap Between the EUs Trade Treatment of Western Sahara and Its Treatment of the Occupied Palestinian Territories." Journal of World Trade 52, Issue 4 (August 1, 2018): 619–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2018027.
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Morocco’s control over Western Sahara and Israel’s control of the West Bank bear similar features in terms of public international law. Yet, when it comes to the application of its Common Commercial Policy, the EU has been treating the two cases differently. With respect to Israel, the EU determined that the 1995 EU-Israel Association Agreement is not applicable to the West Bank and Gaza Strip, thereby denying Israel any trade benefits with respect to the Territories, whereas for many years it insisted that its 1996 Association Agreement with Morocco is applicable to occupied Western Sahara, thereby enabling Morocco and Moroccan corporations to enjoy trade benefits with respect to Western Sahara. The willingness of the EU to pursue its CCP vis-à-vis Morocco and Western Sahara (de facto application with no de jure recognition) in a manner inconsistent with, if not contradictory to its practice towards Israel and the West Bank and Gaza Strip (no application and no recognition), raised much criticism. In December 2016 the European Court of Justice adopted a verdict that rejects the applicability of the EU-Morocco Association Agreement to Western Sahara (The Front Polisario Verdict). This article aims to (1) analyse the gap between the EU’s trade policy and practice in these two cases and the legal and other implications thereof, and (2) address the question whether the verdict in Front Polisario eliminates this gap. Within this context, the article analyses the interface between the CCP and international law. In tackling these themes, the article will contribute, more broadly, to scholarship dealing with the interface between public international law (including issues of statehood, occupation and self-determination) and international trade, with specific reference to the applicability of international trade agreements to disputed and occupied territories.
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Israeli, Aviad A., and Natan Uriely. "The Impact of Star Ratings and Corporate Affiliation on Hotel Room Prices in Israel." Tourism and Hospitality Research 2, no. 1 (April 2000): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146735840000200107.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pricing decisions of hotels in an effort to ascertain whether corporate affiliation and stars influence hotels' pricing decisions. The findings suggest that high-quality (ie four- and five-star) hotels tend to be affiliated with chains and signal this affiliation using a naming strategy. In addition, the industry-based star rating system explains a large part of the price variation. The impact of corporate affiliation, modelled as the size of the corporation, has a relatively smaller, but overall positive, impact on price. An investigation of different locations reveals that the intensity of corporate affiliation, and specific characteristics of the consumers' market in each location are also significant in explaining the hotels' pricing decisions.
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Shachar, Itamar Y., and Lesley Hustinx. "Modalities of agency in a corporate volunteering program: Cultivating a resource of neoliberal governmentality." Ethnography 20, no. 2 (November 19, 2017): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138117741503.
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Recent scholarly discussions on agency relate the concept to privilege, affect and subject formation, while challenging its equation with resistance to structural limitations. This article utilizes these discussions in a new terrain of ethnographic exploration: the engagement of corporate volunteers with underprivileged youth, coordinated by a transnational nonprofit that relies on corporate sponsorship. Based on a multi-sited ethnographic study that followed these activities in the US, Belgium and Israel, the article describes how corporate volunteers and coordinators projected an individualized and optimistic agency onto the beneficiaries of their activity, while perceiving their own agency as limited despite their privileged position. The simultaneous use of these two contradictory notions of agency governs employees’ engagement at work and their ideological adherence to corporate capitalism, making ‘agency’ a resource of neoliberal governmentality. These ethnographic insights contribute to explaining why corporations are increasingly interested in promoting volunteering as a salient Corporate Social Responsibility strategy.
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Mahajan, Varun, D. K. Nauriyal, and S. P. Singh. "Trade performance and revealed comparative advantage of Indian pharmaceutical industry in new IPR regime." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 9, no. 1 (April 7, 2015): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-05-2013-0030.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the trade performance, revealed comparative advantage and trade specialisation indices of Indian pharmaceutical in the post-modified Indian Patent Act. Design/methodology/approach – The main data sources for this paper are United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, PROWESS of Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, Government of India reports and Reserve Bank of India databases. Revealed comparative advantage index (RCAI) and trade specialisation coefficient (TSC) have been calculated in the study. Findings – India is ranked third in regard of TCS, far behind Ireland and Israel. While Ireland has moved up the value chain faster after 1995, Israel has moved up swiftly after 2000 through global production network and supply chain. The Indian pharmaceutical industry, on the other hand, has largely capitalised on its low-cost production of generic drugs and a large domestic market. The RCAI also supports the results of TSC. India is positioned at 11th place, far behind Ireland, which stands tall at the top with distantly followed by Israel, Switzerland, Belgium, the UK, etc. Practical implications – The study shows the policy implications for future sustainable development of the industry as the new IPR regime has given opportunities as well as threats to both domestic pharmaceutical companies as well as the multinational corporations. The Indian pharmaceutical industry can be a good learning experience for other developing countries hopeful to enter the global market for generic drugs. Originality/value – There are no major studies providing detailed analyses of India’s comparative advantage vis-à-vis other leading exporters of pharmaceutical products in the world. This study endeavours to fill this gap. It also attempts to capture recent trends in exports and imports during the global recession period.
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Shalev, S., H. Saaroni, T. Izsak, Y. Yair, and B. Ziv. "The spatio-temporal distribution of lightning over Israel and the neighboring area and its relation to regional synoptic systems." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2011): 2125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2125-2011.
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Abstract. The spatio-temporal distribution of lightning flashes over Israel and the neighboring area and its relation to the regional synoptic systems has been studied, based on data obtained from the Israel Lightning Location System (ILLS) operated by the Israel Electric Corporation (IEC). The system detects cloud-to-ground lightning discharges in a range of ~500 km around central Israel (32.5° N, 35° E). The study period was defined for annual activity from August through July, for 5 seasons in the period 2004–2010. The spatial distribution of lightning flash density indicates the highest concentration over the Mediterranean Sea, attributed to the contribution of moisture as well as sensible and latent heat fluxes from the sea surface. Other centers of high density appear along the coastal plain, orographic barriers, especially in northern Israel, and downwind from the metropolitan area of Tel Aviv, Israel. The intra-annual distribution shows an absence of lightning during the summer months (JJA) due to the persistent subsidence over the region. The vast majority of lightning activity occurs during 7 months, October to April. Although over 65 % of the rainfall in Israel is obtained during the winter months (DJF), only 35 % of lightning flashes occur in these months. October is the richest month, with 40 % of total annual flashes. This is attributed both to tropical intrusions, i.e., Red Sea Troughs (RST), which are characterized by intense static instability and convection, and to Cyprus Lows (CLs) arriving from the west. Based on daily study of the spatial distribution of lightning, three patterns have been defined; "land", "maritime" and "hybrid". CLs cause high flash density over the Mediterranean Sea, whereas some of the RST days are typified by flashes over land. The pattern defined "hybrid" is a combination of the other 2 patterns. On CL days, only the maritime pattern was noted, whereas in RST days all 3 patterns were found, including the maritime pattern. It is suggested that atmospheric processes associated with RST produce the land pattern. Hence, the occurrence of a maritime pattern in days identified as RST reflects an "apparent RST". The hybrid pattern was associated with an RST located east of Israel. This synoptic type produced the typical flash maximum over the land, but the upper-level trough together with the onshore winds it induced over the eastern coast of the Mediterranean resulted in lightning activity over the sea as well, similar to that of CLs. It is suggested that the spatial distribution patterns of lightning may better identify the synoptic system responsible, a CL, an "active RST" or an "apparent RST". The electrical activity thus serves as a "fingerprint" for the synoptic situation responsible for its generation.
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Markovic, B. B., Z. Markovic, D. Yachia, and J. Hadzi-Djokic. "Nova generacija stentova uretre-Allium u terapiji simptomatskog uvecanja prostate razlicite etiologije." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 54, no. 3 (2007): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0703071m.
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A number of urethral stents made of different materials, with different time of indwelling and different designs, primarily based on the vascular stent concept, have been applied in the clinical practice so far. According to the published studies, urethral stents have justified their clinical application, however with certain limitations. Within an attempt to overcome the limitations, a covered, temporary urethral stent was initially designed by Daniel Yachie and ljko Markovi in Allium corporation from Israel. With its triangular shape, the stent is a replica of the obstructive prostatic urethral lumen. In has been applied in a series of 14 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms caused by the obstruction at the level of the prostatic urethra. The subjects were averagely aged 77.4 + 5.1 years. Allium prostatic stent remained in place in the patients for 4.93+ 3.17 months, at the average.
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Ketkar, Suhas L., and Dilip Ratha. "Diaspora bonds for funding education." MIGRATION LETTERS 8, no. 2 (January 28, 2014): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v8i2.163.
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Diaspora bonds represent a debt instrument issued by a country – or potentially a private corporation – to raise financing from its overseas diaspora. They offer governments a flexible mechanism for raising large scale funding to support national budgets and fill financing gaps in development programs, including provision of quality education. However, there is limited awareness about this financing vehicle. While India and Israel have been at the forefront in issuing diaspora bonds, many other nations also have large diaspora communities in the world and could benefit by issuing such bonds. Given the interest of the global education community in innovative approaches to financing, diaspora bonds could be an important source of funding. The paper proposes a pilot program for funding via diaspora bonds a medical school in a developing country with a large and skilled diaspora abroad.
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Goncharova, K. S., A. G. Shelomentsev, and N. N. Masyuk. "Comparative Assessment of Global Value Chains' Influence on National Economies." MGIMO Review of International Relations 16, no. 4 (September 19, 2023): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2023-4-91-107-126.
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In recent decades, a predominant trend in the transformation of national economies worldwide has been the extensive establishment of global value chains and the increased activities of transnational corporations (TNCs). Despite the scale of these phenomena, they have not received adequate scholarly attention, both at the level of individual countries and on a global scale. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis that combines theoretical approaches with empirical investigations of the interplay between the formation and vigorous expansion of global value chains and the dynamics of national economic transformation worldwide. This relationship is examined in the context of foreign multinational corporations operating in sectors such as chemistry and pharmaceuticals, electronics, electrical equipment, and the automotive industry.To achieve the objectives of this study, a range of complementary research methods were employed, including descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, generalization and grouping techniques, and cartographic analysis. The study yields several key findings:Firstly, a global trend of progressive reduction in the share of domestic producers within the industries under consideration has been observed. This trend is most conspicuous in the countries of the former socialist bloc in Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Romania. These countries previously maintained domestic production levels exceeding 50% of the total volume for the specific product types.Secondly, the field of automobile production exhibits the highest proportion of foreign companies contributing to the total volume of products manufactured. In 33 out of the 58 countries analyzed, foreign multinational corporations account for more than 50% of production. Thirdly, a selection of countries in Western Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region—such as Germany, Italy, France, Israel, the USA, China, Japan, the Russian Federation, India, and Korea—play a substantial role in the development of global value chains through the active expansion of their national TNCs. International companies from these countries are progressively shaping a global socio-economic framework.Lastly, recent years have seen the emergence of a new stage in the evolution of global value chains, prompted by exceptional factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the trade conflict between China and the United States, and the conflict in Ukraine. This stage necessitates a profound reconsideration of the strategies employed by current participants in global chains, driven by the imperative of preserving their sustainability.
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Sherman, Nancy. "Book Review: RELUCTANT WARRIORS: ISRAELIS SUSPENDED BETWEEN ROME AND JERUSALEM. By Nathan Szajnberg. Philadelphia: Xlibris Corporation, 2006, 272 pp., $21.99." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 57, no. 1 (February 2009): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065108329398.
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Dolev, Niva, Yariv Itzkovich, and Orit Fisher-Shalem. "A call for transformation: Exit, Voice, Loyalty and Neglect (EVLN) in response to workplace incivility." Work 69, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 1271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213548.
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BACKGROUND: Interrelations between incivility and its precursors or consequences, as well as the role of these interrelations in employees’ reactions to incivility are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to assess different reactions to workplace incivility while identifying specific and individual-based appraisals and emotions associated with these reactions. METHOD: A qualitative research approach using semi-structured in-depth interviews, with a sample of 42 employees in a beverage manufacturing corporation in Israel to capture employees’ voices regarding their incivility experiences. RESULTS: Analysis of the interviews indicated four reaction-categories: (1) Exit; (2) Voice; (3) Loyalty; and (4) Neglect, in line with the theoretical EVLN model for describing reactions to stressful conditions. In particular, the interviews revealed a dynamic reaction process and suggested that intentionality of reaction provides a third, new dimension. Additionally, an underlying emotional process rooted in appraisals and aroused emotions was evident in each of the reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Organizations that wish to reduce incivility events may wish to examine the emotions of targets of incivility, explore the underlying appraisals associated with these emotions, and be mindful of the dynamic and highly individual reaction processes involved.
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Bronstein, Yotam, Shai Levi, Shlomo Tsuriel, Yamit Shorer Arbel, Erel Joffe, and Yair Herishanu. "The Outcome of CLL Patients According to IGHV Mutational Status: An Israeli Perspective." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 4686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-149545.
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Abstract Introduction: The prognostic significance of immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region gene (IGHV) mutational status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is well established. Previous studies have shown that CLL patients with mutated IGHV (M-IGHV) have a better prognosis, manifested in a longer time-to first treatment (TTFT) and overall survival (OS). Here we present an analysis on the impact of IGHV mutational status in an Israeli cohort of patients with CLL. Methods: A total of 254 patients with CLL (diagnosed from 1991 to 2020), followed at the Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center were included. The IGHV mutational status has been determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS) or cDNA Sanger. The sequences with a germline homology 98% or higher were considered unmutated, and those with a homology less than 98% as mutated CLL. IGHV subsets were analyzed using the ARResT/AssignSubsets website. All data were statistically analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 27 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA), P-values were two-sided, and the significance level was determined at a<0.05 were considered significant. Results: Out of 254 patients, 132 (52.0%) had an unmutated IGHV gene (UM-IGHV), and 122 (48.0%) were mutated (M-IGHV). At diagnosis, most patients (Table 1) were ≤65 years of age (n=157, 61.8%), males (n=160, 63.0%) and had an absolute lymphocytic count equal to or less than (≤)15.0 x10 9/L (n=115, 52.5%). Advanced Binet stage was more commonly associated with UM-IGHV (n=44, 57.9%) (P=0.033). Among 240 patients (94.1%), the most frequently used VH gene segments (Figure 1) included; VH1-69 (n=35, 14.6%), VH4-34 (n=24, 10.0%), VH1-2 (n=17, 7.1%), and VH3-23 (n=16, 6.7%). Six major B-cell receptors (BCR) subsets (Figure 2) were identified in 21/180 of patients (11.7%), which most commonly included: CLL#1 (n=6, 28.6%), CLL#4 (n=5, 23.8%), and CLL#2(n=3, 14.3%). Patients with M-IGHV had a longer time to first treatment (TTFT) (P<0.001, hazard ratio (HR)=2.5, 95% confidence interval [1.8-3.5], Figure 3A) and a better overall survival (OS) (P=0.002, HR=2.7, [1.4-5.1]) compared to those with UM-IGHV gene (Figure 3B). In multivariate analyses of the entire cohort; for TTFT (Table 2A), males (P=0.002, HR=1.9, [1.3-2.9]), >65 years of age at diagnosis (P=0.008, HR=1.8, [1.2-2.7]), advanced Binet stage (P<0.001, HR=2.4, [1.5-3.8]) and UM-IGHV mutational status (P=<0.001, HR=2.0, [1.3-2.9]) were found to be significant predictors for shorter TTFT, while in a multivariate analysis for OS (Table 2B), only >65 years of age at diagnosis (P=0.010, HR=2.6, [1.3-5.5]) and UM-IGHV mutational status (P=0.004, HR=2.9, [1.4-5.9]) were found to be significant factors for shorter OS. In multivariate analyses performed separately for each IGHV mutational status group; males (P=0.021, HR=2.1, [1.1-4.0]), age >65 years (P=0.002, HR=3.2, [1.5-6.4]) and advanced Binet stage (P<0.001, HR=4.1, [1.9-8.7]) were found as independent predictors for a shorter TTFT in M-IGHV patients, while only males retained a statistically significance in UM-IGHV patients (P=0.017 HR=2.0, [1.1-3.5]). Furthermore, in a multivariate analysis for OS; age>65 years at diagnosis (P=0.039, HR=4.3, [1.1-17.0]) was the only independent predictor in M-IGHV patients, while no variable maintained its statistical significance in UM-IGHV cases. Conclusion: As previously studied, our cohort demonstrates that M-IGHV CLL patients have better TTFT and OS. However, the rate of BCR subsets in Israel appears to be lower than expected. A separated multivariate analysis for M-IGHV and UM-IGHV patients revealed different independent predictors for TTFT and OS to each of the IGHV mutational status groups. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to deeply study these differences and provide further clinical insight into the pathophysiology of CLL. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Joffe: AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Epizyme: Consultancy. Herishanu: AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Medison: Honoraria.
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Hall, Thomas. "Firm Boundaries and Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Entrepreneurial Finance." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 12, no. 05 (September 28, 2015): 1550023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877015500236.
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High-technology innovation often takes place in small, independent startups; it can also take place in the research-and-development facilities of large, established corporations. A third possibility is that innovation will take place in a hybrid of these two ideal types, for example via corporate venture capital (CVC) or via distribution channel agreements. Using detailed data on a large number of high-technology firms located in the US, Western Europe and Israel, we test a set of predictions about innovation and firm boundaries that flow from previous empirical studies and formal models. Our central research questions relate to how the boundaries of the firm are affected by the level of competition in product markets, portfolio firm research intensity, national institutions, cash flow risk, innovation risk by rivals, and managerial resources. We find some evidence that hybrid organization is more likely (relative to stand-alone startup status) for more established firms (with more employees and larger revenues). Hybrid organization is also more likely when competition is declining, less likely when competition is static, and no more likely when competition is growing. In addition, our results are consistent with previous findings that CVC is associated with herding behavior as opposed to participation in the most innovative industry segments. Hybrid organization is associated with patent possession by the high-tech startup, but CVC partners are less concerned than other investors (VCs) that the patents provide useful barriers to entry. Results pertaining to cash flow risk, research intensity, management team, and innovation risk by rivals were neither consistent in terms of sign nor robust to various specifications.
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Tang, Nga Yeung, Sarosh Rana, and Kiang-Teck J. Yeo. "Validation of Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) Assays on Cobas e602 System." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, Supplement_1 (October 2020): S12—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa137.022.
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Abstract Background Preeclampsia is a leading hypertensive disorder in pregnant women. The angiogenic biomarkers, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio, have been shown to be associated with diagnosis and prediction of preeclampsia. The objective of this study is to validate the analytical performance of sFlt-1 and PlGF on the Cobas e602 system (Roche Diagnostics Corporation). Method Intra-day and inter-day precisions for both sFlt-1 and PlGF assays were assessed using quality control materials provided from Roche Diagnostics. The accuracies for both assays were assessed by running 60 patient samples, which have been previously analyzed on the Elecsys 411 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics Corporation) at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Linearity studies for both assays were performed using patient plasma spiked with recombinant sFlt-1 and PlGF proteins (R&D systems). Hemolysis, icterus, lipemia and biotin interference studies were performed by spiking hemolysate, bilirubin, intralipid or biotin into either pooled patient plasma with detectable levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF or otherwise, patient plasma spiked with recombinant sFlt-1 and PlGF proteins. Results Total precisions for both assays demonstrated CVs of <5.0%. The sFlt-1 and PlGF assays demonstrated analytical measuring ranges of 3060,000 pg/mL and 79,000 pg/mL, respectively (r2 > 0.98). Lower limit of quantitation (10% CV) was 30 pg/mL for sFlt-1 and 7 pg/mL for PlGF, respectively. Interference studies showed sFlt-1 and PlGF were not significantly affected by hemolysis up to H-indices of 500 and 1000 respectively; both assays were not affected by bilirubin up to an I-index of 60, and lipemia up to an L-index of 2800. Biotin at concentrations >30 ng/mL caused significant negative bias for both sFlt-1 and PlGF assays. Comparison studies showed the following: Cobas e602 sFLT-1 = 1.09 [Elecsys 411 sFLT-1] +203 (r2=0.97, Sy/x=1234, n=58); Cobas e602 PlGF = 1.10 [Elecsys 411 PlGF] +47 (r2=0.99, Sy/x=22.1, n=58); Cobas e602 sFLT-1/PlGF ratio = 0.94 [Elecsys 411 sFLT-1/PlGF ratio] +3.5 (r2=0.91, Sy/x=50, n=58). Conclusion sFlt-1 and PlGF measured on Roche Diagnostics Cobas e602 system demonstrated excellent analytical performance and are acceptable for clinical use once approved in the US.
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Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges. "Putting Africa's House in Order to Deal with Developmental Challenges." African Studies Review 53, no. 2 (September 2010): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2010.0029.
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However proud Africans must be to have a person of African descent in the White House, they should have no illusions as to how much President Barack Hussein Obama can do for Africa. Africans must put their own house in order for purposes of dealing successfully with the major challenges facing the continent, the most important of which is that of democratic and developmental governance. Obama's priorities are not necessarily those of Africans. They have to do with the role of the United States as a superpower in a global system in which the American military and business corporations play a hegemonic role. In this context, Africa is relevant to American and Obama's global priorities when its resources are needed to strengthen this role, on the one hand, or its humanitarian crises are likely to affect them in an adverse manner, on the other.What are these global priorities, and how are they likely to affect Africa during Obama's tenure? Following is a brief examination of four major priorities. The first is limiting the spread of nuclear weapons. Operating on the premise that nuclear weapons should be limited to the few countries now possessing them (U.S., Russia, Britain, France, China, Israel, India, and Pakistan), the U.S. government has led an international campaign against the acquisition of nuclear weapons technology by other countries, particularly those deemed hostile to Western interests, such as Iran and North Korea. Since South Africa destroyed the nuclear arsenal of the former apartheid state and Libya gave up its nuclear ambitions, the only relevant issue with respect to Africa's role in the spread of nuclear weapons is the question of who has access to Africa's abundant supply of uranium. Denying access to African uranium to “rogue states” and terrorist organizations is an important foreign policy objective of any American government, including the Obama administration.
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Yachia, D., Z. Markovic, B. B. Markovic, and V. Stojanovic. "Endourethral prostheses for urethral stricture." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 54, no. 3 (2007): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0703105y.
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A number of urethral stents made of different materials, with different time of indwelling and different designs, primarily based on the vascular stent concept, have been applied in the clinical practice so far. According to the published studies, urethral stents have justified their clinical application, however with certain limitations. Within an attempt to overcome the limitations, a covered, temporary urethral stent was initially designed by Daniel Yachie and Zeljko Markovic in Allium corporation from Israel. With its triangular shape, the stent is a replica of the obstructive urethral lumen. The follow-up of results was done according to a priori established protocol including the following:UCG, uroflowmetry and interview with patients. Due to stent migration, the stent over stent technique was applied in two case, while reposition by balloon-catheter outward traction was performed in two cases of caudal migration. No irritative discomforts were reported in the first 6 months after stent dwelling. Uroflowmetric controls verified at least four times better results than before the insertion. Given it is the question of covered stent, there is no possibility of proliferative secondary lumen obstruction. On account of soft structure and conic shape of posterior part of stent, no lesions of the external urethral sphincter were manifested. The stent is simply withdrawn after 12 months by outward traction using the forceps at the time when the stent construction turns into soft and straight wire. After 12-16 months in all cases we removel stent and in all patients we find complete rekanalisation without any disuric problem. In 5 cases we find new "contact" stricture on anterior part of stent and treated succeed with balloon recanalisation.
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L., J. F. "EFFECTIVE? MAYBE. PROFITABLE? CLEARLY." Pediatrics 94, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.1.89.
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SANTA ANA, CALIF.—The Tokos Medical Corporation, which sells a service that detects early labor in pregnant women, recently started a program to reward obstetricians who ordered it for their patients. In its ifies the company called the program "Dr. Deal." The deal: earn up to $20,000 annually on an investment of $1,000. The program, in which 300 to 400 obstetricians nationwide are participating, works like this: The doctors put up $1,000 each to become shareholders in a company set up by Tokos that typically exists only on paper. In return, the doctors pocket 15 percent of the payment for any Tokos services prescribed by members of the physician-owned company. Tokos says participating physicians currently average about $5,000 a year from the arrangement; literature from one Tokos subsidiary boasted that annual earnings could reach $22,500 But a debate is growing about the effectiveness of the home uterine monitor that is the keystone of Tokos's service. The Food and Drug Administration is also investigating Tokos's marketing claims. Separately, there is a scientific controversy about the safety of the drugs Tokos sells to prolong pregnancy. Some doctors are concerned about not only Tokos's marketing practices but also the willingness of some physicians to take part in its investment plans. "It is a sad day for medicine," say Dr. Benjamin Sachs, chief of obstetrics and gynecology at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston. A look at Tokos's marketing efforts highlights one of the most troubling issues in health care: Medical companies often go to great lengths to encourage doctors to use their products, and to persuade insurers to pay for them.
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Gavrilko, Tetiana, and Lesya Pobochenko. "RESEARCH ON TRANSNATIONALISATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY INNOVATIVE COMPONENT INFLUENCED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 5 (December 27, 2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-5-59-66.
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The purpose of this article is to examine the innovative component of the transnationalisation of economic activity under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical and analytical systems analysis methods make it possible to determine the trend of research and development (R&D) expenditures in the world over five years (2017-2021). Methodology. Research methods: theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, logical, system-structural analysis of economic processes and relations, statistical, comparative, sectoral and dialectical approaches. Results. In accordance with the theoretical study of the process of investment in innovation by TNCs under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conclude that innovation for multinational corporations is the realization of innovative and creative ideas, which are the basis of progress and profit. The balance of power in the global innovation space before and during the COVID-19 pandemic is demonstrated by examining the dynamics of innovation in countries and regions. Under the COVID-19 pandemic, companies' R&D spending has fluctuated slightly, while global R&D spending has increased. According to the Global R&D Finance Forecast 2021, Asian countries, including China, will act as the engine of innovation in the coming years. Countries in the Americas and Europe will continue to lose their leadership in R&D, even though their spending will rise as the overall global economy recovers. One of the key indicators of innovation development is the quota of expenditure on research and development in GDP in the world. The leaders in this indicator are South Korea, Israel, Japan, Finland, and Sweden. Practical implications. Innovation is recognized as a central factor in economic growth and development. Interest not only in the promotion but also in the evaluation of the results of innovation activities is growing not only in developed but also in developing countries. According to The Future of Post-COVID Innovation Finance GII (Global Innovation Index 2020/2021), the pandemic crisis had a short-term impact on innovation spending. Research and development (R&D) spending in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic has always been high. In contrast to previous fears, the crisis has had only a minor impact on overall investment in innovation, as well as on the main consumers of innovation. At the company level, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the industry distribution of innovation, but costs and access to innovation financing in developing countries and more volatile companies are at risk. Disparities in access to innovation finance are likely to intensify. Value/originality. The main international research units of TNCs are concentrated mainly in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. But according to recent global trends, there is a possibility of creating new research units of transnational corporations in China and India, which will allow these two countries to become part of the "innovation core" of the world economy in the future.
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Murenzi, Gad, Jean-Claude Dusingize, Theogene Rurangwa, Jean d’Amour Sinayobye, Athanase Munyaneza, Anthere Murangwa, Thierry Zawadi, et al. "Protocol for the study of cervical cancer screening technologies in HIV-infected women living in Rwanda." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (August 2018): e020432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020432.
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IntroductionThe optimal method(s) for screening HIV-infected women, especially for those living in sub-Saharan Africa, for cervical precancer and early cancer has yet to be established.Methods and analysisA convenience sample of >5000 Rwandan women, ages 30–54 years and living with HIV infection, is being consented and enroled into a cross-sectional study of cervical cancer screening strategies. Participants are completing an administered short risk factor questionnaire and being screened for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) using the Xpert HPV assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California, USA), unaided visual inspection after acetic acid (VIA) and aided VIA using the Enhanced Visual Assessment (EVA) system (Mobile ODT, Tel Aviv, Israel). Women positive for hrHPV and/or by unaided VIA undergo colposcopy, which includes the collection of two cervical specimens prior to undergoing a four-quadrant microbiopsy protocol. The colposcopy-collected specimens are being tested by dual immunocytochemical staining for p16INK4aand Ki-67 (CINtec PLUS Cytology, Ventana, Tucson, Arizona, USA) and for E6 or E7 oncoprotein for 8 hrHPV genotypes (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52 and 58) using the next-generation AV Avantage hrHPV E6/E7 test (Arbor Vita Corporation, Freemont, California, USA). Women with a local pathology diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or more severe (CIN2+) or pathology review diagnosis of CIN grade three or more severe (CIN3+) will receive treatment. Clinical performance and cost-effectiveness (eg, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of different screening strategies and algorithms will be evaluated.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by local and institutional review boards for human subjects research. At the completion of the study, results will be disseminated to the scientific community through peer-reviewed publication and to the Rwandan stakeholders through an external advisory panel.
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Rodoplu, Ülkümen, Jeffrey L. Arnold, Rifat Tokyay, Gurkan Ersoy, Serkan Cetiner, and Tayfun Yücel. "Mass-Casualty Terrorist Bombings In Istanbul, Turkey, November 2003: Report of the Events and the Prehospital Emergency Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 19, no. 2 (June 2004): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001643.
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AbstractBackground:This paper describes the two mass-casualty, terrorist attacks that occurred in Istanbul, Turkey in November 2003, and the resulting prehospital emergency response.Methods:A complex, retrospective, descriptive study was performed, using open source reports, interviews, direct measurements of street distances, and hospital records from the American Hospital (AH) and Taksim Education and Research State Hospital (TERSH) in Istanbul.Results:On 15 November, improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in trucks were detonated outside the Neve Shalom and Beth Israel Synagogues, killing 30 persons and injuring an estimated additional 300. Victims were maldistributed to 16 medical facilities. For example, AH, a private hospital located six km from both synagogues, received 69 injured survivors, of which 86% had secondary blast injuries and 13% were admitted to the hospital. The TERSH, a government hospital located 1 km from both synagogues, received 48 injured survivors. On 20 November, IEDs in trucks were detonated outside the Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) headquarters and the British Consulate (BC), killing 33 and injuring an estimated additional 450. Victims were maldistributed to 16 medical facilities. For example, TERSH, located 18 km from the HSBC site and 2 km from the the BC received 184 injured survivors, of which 93% had secondary blast injuries and 15% were hospitalized. The AH, located 9 km from the HSBC site and 6 km from the BC, received 16 victims.Conclusion:The twin suicide truck bombings on 15 and 20 November 2003 were the two largest terrorist attacks in modern Turkish history, collectively killing 63 persons and injuring an estimated 750 others. The vast majority of victims had secondary blast injuries, which did not require hospitalization. Factors associated with the maldistribution of casualties to medical facilities appeared to include the distance from each bombing site, the type of medical facility, and the personal preference of injured survivors.
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Ali, Tahir. "Beware of Rand Robots." American Journal of Islam and Society 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i1.1744.
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For the last three years, New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman hasbeen telling Muslims all over the world: “You either have to have a war withinor a war with us.” Acall for Muslim “civil war” has become the battle cryof the neo-cons. Using these “civil wars,” Muslims killing Muslims in largenumbers, the neo-cons expect to accomplish three goals: (1) the re-creationof Muslim societies in the western image, with or without democratic institutions,(2) long-term control over oil and policies toward Israel, and (3) thereconstruction of Islam on the Biblical model, reformation included.A while back, the Rand Corporation, a semi-autonomous think tank,issued a report titled Civil Democratic Islam: Partners, Resources, andStrategies authored by Cheryl Benard (http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1716/MR1716.pdf). American Muslims must take note ofthis, because it is already being implemented in “letter and spirit” by variousagencies and even “private” groups.Though the author of this report claims: “The United States has threegoals in regard to politicized Islam. First, it wants to prevent the spread ofextremism and violence. Second, in doing so, it needs to avoid the impressionthat the United States is ‘opposed to Islam.’ And third, in the longerrun, it must find ways to help address the deeper economic, social, andpolitical causes feeding Islamic radicalism and to encourage a move towarddevelopment and democratization,” its actual aims are discernable from itspolicy recommendations, detailed below.Cheryl Bernard, the author of this report [and wife of Zalmay Khalizad,the American ambassador to Afghanistan], claims: “This approach seeks tostrengthen and foster the development of civil, democratic Islam and ofmodernization and development. It provides the necessary flexibility todeal with different settings appropriately, and it reduces the danger of unintendednegative effects. The following outline describes what such a strategymight look like: ...
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Breteler, Martine J. M., Eline J. KleinJan, Daan A. J. Dohmen, Luke P. H. Leenen, Richard van Hillegersberg, Jelle P. Ruurda, Kim van Loon, Taco J. Blokhuis, and Cor J. Kalkman. "Vital Signs Monitoring with Wearable Sensors in High-risk Surgical Patients." Anesthesiology 132, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 424–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003029.
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Abstract Background Vital signs are usually recorded once every 8 h in patients at the hospital ward. Early signs of deterioration may therefore be missed. Wireless sensors have been developed that may capture patient deterioration earlier. The objective of this study was to determine whether two wearable patch sensors (SensiumVitals [Sensium Healthcare Ltd., United Kingdom] and HealthPatch [VitalConnect, USA]), a bed-based system (EarlySense [EarlySense Ltd., Israel]), and a patient-worn monitor (Masimo Radius-7 [Masimo Corporation, USA]) can reliably measure heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) continuously in patients recovering from major surgery. Methods In an observational method comparison study, HR and RR of high-risk surgical patients admitted to a step-down unit were simultaneously recorded with the devices under test and compared with an intensive care unit–grade monitoring system (XPREZZON [Spacelabs Healthcare, USA]) until transition to the ward. Outcome measures were 95% limits of agreement and bias. Clarke Error Grid analysis was performed to assess the ability to assist with correct treatment decisions. In addition, data loss and duration of data gaps were analyzed. Results Twenty-five high-risk surgical patients were included. More than 700 h of data were available for analysis. For HR, bias and limits of agreement were 1.0 (–6.3, 8.4), 1.3 (–0.5, 3.3), –1.4 (–5.1, 2.3), and –0.4 (–4.0, 3.1) for SensiumVitals, HealthPatch, EarlySense, and Masimo, respectively. For RR, these values were –0.8 (–7.4, 5.6), 0.4 (–3.9, 4.7), and 0.2 (–4.7, 4.4) respectively. HealthPatch overestimated RR, with a bias of 4.4 (limits: –4.4 to 13.3) breaths/minute. Data loss from wireless transmission varied from 13% (83 of 633 h) to 34% (122 of 360 h) for RR and 6% (47 of 727 h) to 27% (182 of 664 h) for HR. Conclusions All sensors were highly accurate for HR. For RR, the EarlySense, SensiumVitals sensor, and Masimo Radius-7 were reasonably accurate for RR. The accuracy for RR of the HealthPatch sensor was outside acceptable limits. Trend monitoring with wearable sensors could be valuable to timely detect patient deterioration. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
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Stoletov, Oleg V. "Strategies for Digital Development of Key States of the Global South in the Context of U.S.-Chinese Technological Rivalry." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 22, no. 2 (July 3, 2022): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-2-221-237.
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The article examines the strategies of the states of the Global South in the field of digital development in the context of technological rivalry between the United States of America and China. The main peculiarities of the U.S.-Chinese technological rivalry at the present stage are characterized. The U.S.-Chinese technological rivalry is considered as a factor influencing the development and implementation of national digital development strategies by the states of the Global South, which provide for the intensification of international cooperation in priority areas. The international political aspects of the implementation of digital development strategies of the most significant dynamically developing states of the Global South located in important international regions (Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America) are studied. Attention is paid primarily to such strategic areas of digital development of the considered states of the Global South, as digital data processing and storage systems, digital data transmission systems, new generation mobile communication technologies, space programs, digital commerce, integrated “smart city” technologies, technologies cybersecurity. The paper explores the strategic approaches of the considered countries of the Global South in relation to digital cooperation with the United States and China. The interaction of the considered states in the digital sphere with technologically advanced countries acting as alternative technological partners (Japan, leading European countries, the Republic of Korea, Israel, Russia) is analyzed. The study identifies and characterizes the most significant digital projects of foreign corporations implemented jointly with the countries under consideration. The features of international cooperation in the digital sphere between the key countries of the Global South within the international regions defined in the study, as well as at the transregional level are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to promising regional international technological projects in the digital sphere. As a result of the study, the main priority areas of foreign policy activities of the key states of the Global South are determined from the point of view of more effective implementation by these states of their digital development strategies. The specific features inherent in the strategies of digital development of the considered states of the Global South are revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that these states, in the context of the U.S.-Chinese technological rivalry, seek to diversify their international ties in the digital sphere, strengthen the technological potential of national digital companies, strengthen national “digital sovereignty,” use their competitive advantages to attract foreign investment in the digital segment of national economies, activate their transport and logistics potential through the introduction of technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, expand digital cooperation with other countries in their international regions, as well as at the transregional level.
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Tsai, W. S., S. L. Shih, S. K. Green, and F. J. Jan. "Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Squash leaf curl Phillipines virus in Taiwan." Plant Disease 91, no. 7 (July 2007): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-7-0907a.
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Whitefly-transmitted, cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) have been detected on cucurbit crops in Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, United States, and Vietnam. Pumpkin plants showing leaf curling, blistering, and yellowing symptoms were observed in the AVRDC fields (Tainan, Taiwan) during 2001 and in nearby farmers' fields during 2005. Two samples from symptomatic plants were collected in 2001 and six collected in 2005. Viral DNAs were extracted (2), and the PCR, with previously described primers, was used to detect the presence of begomoviral DNA-A (4), DNA-B (3), and associated satellite DNA (1). Begomoviral DNA-A was detected in one of the 2001 samples and in all 2005 samples. The PCR-amplified 1.5 kb viral DNA-A from one positive sample each from the 2001 and 2005 collections was cloned and sequenced. On the basis of the 1.5-kb DNA-A sequences, specific primers were designed to completely sequence the DNA-A component. The overlap between fragments obtained using primer walking ranged from 43 to 119 bp with 100% nt identities. The complete DNA-A sequences were determined for the two isolates as 2,734 bp (2001) (GenBank Accession No. DQ866135) and 2,733 bp (2005) (GenBank Accession No. EF199774). Sequence comparisons and analyses were performed using the DNAMAN Sequence Analysis Software (Lynnon Corporation, Vaudreuil, Quebec, Canada). The DNA-A of the begomovirus isolates each contained the conserved nanosequence-TAATATTAC and six open reading frames, including two in the virus sense and four in the complementary sense. On the basis of a 99% shared nucleotide sequence identity, they are considered isolates of the same species. BLASTn analysis and a comparison of the sequence with others available in the GenBank database ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) indicated that the Taiwan virus shared its highest nt identity (more than 95%) with the Squash leaf curl Philippines virus (GenBank Accession No. AB085793). Virus-associated satellite DNA was not found in any of the samples. DNA-B was found in both samples, providing further evidence that the virus was the same as the bipartite Squash leaf curl Philippines virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Squash leaf curl Philippines virus in Taiwan. References: (1) R. W. Briddon et al. Virology 312:106, 2003. (2) R. L. Gilbertson et al. J. Gen. Virol. 72:2843, 1991. (3) S. K. Green et al. Plant Dis. 85:1286, 2001. (4) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.
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Mendes, Rodrigo E., Jill Lindley, Nabina Gurung, Mariana Castanheira, Mariana Castanheira, Ray Schuch, and Jane E. Ambler. "1059. In vitro Activity of Exebacase (CF-301) against Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bacteremia in the United States, Including Multidrug-resistant Subsets." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S621—S622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1253.
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Abstract Background Exebacase (CF-301) is a lysin (peptidoglycan hydrolase enzyme) with anti-staphylococcal activity. CF-301 is in Phase 3 of clinical development for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteremia (SAB), including right-sided infective endocarditis (IE), used in addition to standard-of-care antibiotics. CF-301 in vitro activity was determined against SA isolates reflecting the Phase 3 target patient SAB population, including IE. Methods 666 SA recovered from blood (3% from known IE) of patients hospitalized in 29 centers located in 9 Census regions were included as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program for 2020. Identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Susceptibility to 12 comparators used reference broth microdilution (BMD), whereas CF-301 used a modified BMD method with cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) supplemented with 25% horse serum and 0.5 mM DL-dithiothreitol according to CLSI. MIC interpretation for comparator agents used CLSI criteria, including determination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype (non-susceptible to ≥3 classes of antibiotics). Results Against all SA tested CF-301 had an MIC range of 0.06-1 mg/L, with MIC50, MIC90 and modal MIC values of 0.5 mg/L. CF-301 MIC results (MIC50/90, 0.5/0.5 mg/L) against methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and -resistant (MRSA; 38.6% of all SA) SA were identical. Many comparators had activity against MSSA; among drugs indicated for treating SAB caused by MRSA, daptomycin and vancomycin were active (100% susceptible) against all isolates. A total of 62.3% of MRSA isolates were categorized as MDR, and CF-301 showed equal MIC50 and MIC90 results against MDR (MIC50/90, 0.5/0.5 mg/L) and non-MDR (MIC50/90, 0.5/0.5 mg/L) populations. Daptomycin and vancomycin were active (100% susceptible) against MDR MRSA isolates. Conclusion CF-301 was uniformly active against contemporary SA isolates responsible for bloodstream infections in the US in 2020. CF-301 activity was consistent, regardless of resistance phenotype (MSSA, MRSA, including MDR isolates). Surveillance data presented here further support the clinical development of CF-301 as a promising option for treatment of SAB, including those caused by MDR MRSA isolates. Disclosures Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie (Research Grant or Support)AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)ContraFect Corporation (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Jill Lindley, Bravos Biosciences (Research Grant or Support)ContraFect Corporation (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Qpex Biopharma (Research Grant or Support) Nabina Gurung, n/a, ContraFect Corporation (Research Grant or Support) Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Bravos Biosciences (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Qpex Biopharma (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Mariana Castanheira, PhD, Affinity Biosensors (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Allergan (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Amicrobe, Inc (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Amplyx Pharma (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Artugen Therapeutics USA, Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Astellas (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Basilea (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; BIDMC (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; bioMerieux Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; BioVersys Ag (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Bugworks (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Cidara (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Cipla (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Contrafect (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Cormedix (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Crestone, Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Curza (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; CXC7 (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Entasis (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Fedora Pharmaceutical (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Fimbrion Therapeutics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Fox Chase (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; GlaxoSmithKline (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Guardian Therapeutics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Hardy Diagnostics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; IHMA (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Janssen Research & Development (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Johnson & Johnson (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Kaleido Biosceinces (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; KBP Biosciences (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Luminex (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Matrivax (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Mayo Clinic (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Medpace (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Melinta (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Menarini (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Merck (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Meridian Bioscience Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Micromyx (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; MicuRx (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; N8 Medical (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Nabriva (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; National Institutes of Health (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; National University of Singapore (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; North Bristol NHS Trust (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Novome Biotechnologies (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Paratek (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Pfizer (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Prokaryotics Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; QPEX Biopharma (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Rhode Island Hospital (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; RIHML (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Roche (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Roivant (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Salvat (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Scynexis (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; SeLux Diagnostics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Shionogi (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Specific Diagnostics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Spero (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; SuperTrans Medical LT (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; T2 Biosystems (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; The University of Queensland (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Thermo Fisher Scientific (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Tufts Medical Center (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Universite de Sherbrooke (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; University of Iowa (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; University of Wisconsin (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; UNT System College of Pharmacy (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; URMC (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; UT Southwestern (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; VenatoRx (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Viosera Therapeutics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Wayne State University (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support Ray Schuch, PhD, ContraFect Corporation (Employee) Jane E. Ambler, PhD, ContraFect Corporation (Employee)