Journal articles on the topic 'Israel. 1949 February 2'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Israel. 1949 February 2.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Israel. 1949 February 2.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zuckerman, Neta S., Efrat Bucris, Yaron Drori, Oran Erster, Danit Sofer, Rakefet Pando, Ella Mendelson, Orna Mor, and Michal Mandelboim. "Genomic variation and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 importation and early circulation in Israel." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): e0243265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243265.
Full textAbstract:
Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes corona virus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since led to a global pandemic. Importations of SARS-CoV-2 to Israel in late February from multiple countries initiated a rapid outbreak across the country. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 whole genomes were sequenced from 59 imported samples with a recorded country of importation and 101 early circulating samples in February to mid-March 2020 and analyzed to infer clades and mutational patterns with additional sequences identified Israel available in public databases. Recorded importations in February to mid-March, mostly from Europe, led to multiple transmissions in all districts in Israel. Although all SARS-CoV-2 defined clades were imported, clade 20C became the dominating clade in the circulating samples. Identification of novel, frequently altered mutated positions correlating with clade-defining positions provide data for surveillance of this evolving pandemic and spread of specific clades of this virus. SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and mutate in Israel and across the globe. With economy and travel resuming, surveillance of clades and accumulating mutations is crucial for understanding its evolution and spread patterns and may aid in decision making concerning public health issues.
2
Christiansen, Charles, and Renee R. Taylor. "In Memoriam: Gary Wayne Kielhofner (February 15, 1949-September 2, 2010)." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20101025-01x.
Full text
3
I Gede Susila Yuda Putra, Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku, and Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN PERANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS TAWANAN PERANG ANAK PALESTINA OLEH ISRAEL)." Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia 5, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jatayu.v5i2.51618.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) mengkaji dan mengetahui perspektif Hukum Humaniter Internasional terhadap tindakan tentara Israel yang melakukan penyiksaan terhadap tawanan anak Palestina (2) mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap anak korban perang antara palestina dan israel yang dilakukan oleh pihak israel dan sanksi yang dapat diterapkan kepada Israel sebagai pihak yang melanggar ketentuan Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan jenis pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan konsepsual. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan tidak terlepas dari aturan yang ada pada hukum internasional dengan mengkhususkan pada peraturan yang mengatur tentang Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang dilakukan adalah dengan cara menggali kerangka normatif dan teknik studi dokumen menggunakan bahan hukum yang membahas mengenai teori-teori hukum humaniter internasional khususnya Konvensi Jenewa 1949. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) perlindungan yang seharusnya didapatkan oleh anak-anak korban perang ini berupa kehidupan yang layak, seperti mendapatkan asupan makanan yang cukup,pakaian serta perawatan medis dan tempat tinggal yang layak. Sejauh ini yang dilakukan oleh pihak Israel telah melanggar ketentuan hukum humaniter internasional yaitu melanggar HAM yang merupakan tindak kekerasan terhadap anak yang telah dijadikan tawanan oleh pihak Israel. Pihak PBB beserta negara yg terlibat konvensi jenewa 1949 seharusnya bertindak tegas terhadap apa yang dilakukan oleh Israel terhadap tawanan anak tersebut. Tawanan perang wajib mendapatkan jaminan kesehatan. Dalam hal ini Negara yang menahan tawanan perang wajib menjamin pemeliharaan mereka dan perawatan kesehatan yang dibutuhkan oleh mereka. (2) Sanksi yang dapat diterapkan kepada Israel adalah membawa kasus penawanan dan penganiayaan anak ini ke Mahkamah Pidana Internasional agar dapat langsung diinvestigasi dan apabila investigasi ini telah memenuhi yuridiksi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional maka proses pengadilan dapat dijalankan sehingga sanksi yang dapat diterapkan Mahkamah Pidana Internasional yaitu hukuman penjara yang tidak melebihi batas tertinggi 30 tahun, atau hukuman penjara seumur hidup.
4
David, Hanna. "Are Christian Arabs the New Israeli Jews? Reflections on the Educational Level of Arab Christians in Israel." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 32 (June 2014): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.32.175.
Full textAbstract:
In 1949, a year after the establishment of the state of Israel, Christian Arabs consisted of 2.9% of the population in the newly born Israel, and 21.25% of all Arabs living in it.1 In 2010 the rate of Christian Arabs decreased to just 1.8% 2 of the Israeli population, and only ~9.5% of all Arabs holding an Israeli ID3 (Statistics, Israel, 2012, Table 2.2). The tendency of decrease in the rate of Christians in Israel is clear when examining the rate of first grade children in comparison to that of the general population: In the 2010/11 school year Christian Arabs consisted only of about 1.6% of first grade students (Statistics, Israel, 2009, table 8.24) in comparison to their 1.8% rate in the population.
5
Dimidjian, Sona. "“TO DO SO MUCH...” NEIL S. JACOBSON: 23 FEBRUARY 1949 – 2 JUNE 1999." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 28, no. 2 (April 2000): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800001107.
Full textAbstract:
“Most people would welcome the chance to make a tenth of the contribution in any one area”, began Steve Hollon at Neil Jacobson's memorial service in Seattle, Washington this past June. “If you stop and think of the number of different domains to which he has made such a contribution, it really just boggles the mind. And, at the same time to be so beloved by so many people...To do so much – with such grace, with such clarity, and with so much concern and caring for family, for students, for friends – he was absolutely a marvel.”
6
Cranmer, Frank. "February–May 2019." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 21, no. 3 (September 2019): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x19000656.
Full textAbstract:
The Civil Partnerships, Marriages and Deaths (Registration Etc.) Bill, originally introduced by Tim Loughton MP as a private Member's bill in the Commons, received Royal Assent on 26 March and came into force two months after it was passed. Section 1 empowers the Secretary of State to amend by regulations the Marriage Act 1949 to provide for a central register of marriages in England and Wales ‘which is accessible in electronic form’. Section 2 requires the Secretary of State to amend the Civil Partnership Act 2004 so that opposite-sex couples become eligible to form a civil partnership in England and Wales – and the amending regulations must be in force no later than 31 December 2019. Section 3 requires the Secretary of State to report on whether the law should be changed to allow the registration of pregnancy losses which cannot be registered as stillbirths under the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 and section 4 requires the Secretary of State to make arrangements for the preparation of a report on whether, and if so how, the law should be changed to enable or require coroners to investigate stillbirths.
7
López-Rodríguez, Guillermo. "Élites parlamentarias y políticas públicas en Israel: Comité de Asuntos Exteriores y Defensa (1949-2021)." Universitas, no. 39 (August 22, 2023): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/uni.n39.2023.01.
Full textAbstract:
Las élites parlamentarias y su relación con los asuntos de Defensa es una dimensión poco analizada en la literatura académica. Debido a la importancia del poder legislativo en los sistemas democráticos, las Comisiones parlamentarias se configuran como un actor clave en las relaciones civiles-militares de los sistemas políticos parlamentarios. En el caso de Israel, la Knesset constituye un actor central en lapolítica nacional, siendo la Defensa y las Relaciones Exteriores una de las líneas centrales de acción de todos sus gobiernos. Debido a que los perfiles de los representantes pueden ser un input relevante para el proceso político, este artículo desarrolla un análisis en profundidad de los mismos. La investigación analiza cuantitativamente la evolución de los perfiles sociodemográficos y profesionales de los diputados en la Comisión de Defensa y Exteriores de Israel (1949-2021). A partir de los datos biográficos de los representantes, este artículo analiza (1) las características demográficas y formativas de los diputados, (2) la evolución de los perfiles en tramos temporales y (3) analizar la relación entre la evolución del Estado de Israel sobre los perfiles. Los resultados reflejan una preeminencia de los perfiles originarios de zonas urbanas, con estudios superiores y varones de mediana edad. Este artículo presenta futuras líneas de investigación que pueden permitir la conducción de investigaciones comparadas con otros Estados, así como profundizar en el estudio de las relaciones entre poder legislativo y ejecutivo en cuestiones como la Defensa Nacional.
8
Bassal, Ravit, Lital Keinan-Boker, Dani Cohen, Ella Mendelson, Yaniv Lustig, and Victoria Indenbaum. "Estimated Infection and Vaccine Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Israel among Adults, January 2020–July 2021." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101663.
Full textAbstract:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Israel in February 2020 and spread from then. In December 2020, the FDA approved an emergency use authorization of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, and on 20 December, an immunization campaign began among adults in Israel. We characterized seropositivity for IgG anti-spike antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 between January 2020 and July 2021, before and after the introduction of the vaccine in Israel among adults. We tested 9520 serum samples, collected between January 2020 and July 2021. Between January and August 2020, seropositivity rates were lower than 5.0%; this rate increased from September 2020 (6.3%) to April 2021 (84.9%) and reached 79.1% in July 2021. Between January and December 2020, low socio-economic rank was an independent, significant correlate for seropositivity. Between January and July 2021, the 40.00–64.99-year-old age group, Jews and others, and residents of the Northern district were significantly more likely to be seropositive. Our findings indicate a slow, non-significant increase in the seropositivity rate to SARS-CoV-2 between January and December 2020. Following the introduction of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in Israel, a significant increase in seropositivity was observed from January until April 2021, with stable rates thereafter, up to July 2021.
9
Bar-Yaacov, Nissim. "The Applicability of the Laws of War to Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) and to the Gaza Strip." Israel Law Review 24, no. 3-4 (1990): 485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700010037.
Full textAbstract:
In her instructive article, Professor Lapidoth discussed, inter alia, the applicability of the laws of war to the territories administered by the Israel Defence Forces since the Six Day War of 1967. Being in full agreement with Professor Lapidoth that from the legal standpoint the situation is in need of improvement, I wish to deal more extensively with two questions: (1) What is the position of the Government of Israel regarding the applicability to Judea and Samaria and to the Gaza Strip of the Hague Regulations of 1907 respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, and of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War? (2) What is the position of the Supreme Court with regard to the applicability of the Regulations and the Convention to these territories.
10
Weinberg, Jessica P. "Muhammad Hasan Amara, Politics and sociolinguistic reflexes: Palestinian border villages (Studies in Bilingualism 19). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999. Pp. xix, 261. Hb $87.00." Language in Society 30, no. 4 (October 2001): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501264057.
Full textAbstract:
Amara begins his study of language variation in Palestinian border villages in Israel and the West Bank with three main premises: (1) researchers have not paid enough attention to the sociolinguistics of what he calls “radical political situations,” of which the Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an example; (2) the connection between macro-sociolinguistic issues, such as language planning and language attitudes, and micro issues, such as variation in use of linguistic structures, has not been explored enough; and (3) socio-political events and changes affect (i.e., change) patterns of use of linguistic structures. On the third point, Amara predicts, “When a society is divided, we should expect to find a reflected linguistic division; when two societies share common cultural or political values, we should expect to find some reflection of this in their languages.” Amara sets out to investigate this prediction for three villages on the border between Israel and the West Bank. Two of the villages, Zalafa and Western Barta'a, are situated in the area of Israel called the “Little Triangle,” which designates an area that Jordan agreed to cede to Israel in the armistice agreement following the Arab–Israeli War of 1948. The armistice line drawn between Israel and Jordan in 1949 divided several Palestinian villages and cities, including Barta'a. The third village in Amara's study, Eastern Barta'a, is situated in the West Bank. Western and Eastern Barta'a were reunited in 1967, when Israel took control of the West Bank.
11
Balogh, Margit. "Arrest and Сonviction of Cardinal József Mindszenty 1948–1949. Part 2. “Most pitiful prisoner of the country”." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 3-4 (2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.3-4.04.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of the political struggle that unfolded in Hungary after the Second World War, the only independent institution remaining in the country was the Catholic Church headed by the Archbishop of Esztergom, Cardinal József Mindszenty. Part One of the article reconstructs the investigation and political process against the primate, who was arrested on charges of high treason, preparing a coup aimed at overthrowing the republican system, espionage, and currency speculation. Part Two deals with the political process and show trial of Mindszenty. The hearings began on 3 February 1949 at the Budapest People’s Court, and, on 8 February 1949, the guilty verdict was announced. The facts were so cleverly manipulated that Mindszenty’s hopes for a change in the political system in the country were qualified as a political conspiracy. The cardinal was sentenced to life imprisonment, deprivation of civil rights, and complete confiscation of property. While preparing for the court of second instance, Mindszenty put forward new projects aimed at reconciling the state and the Church. Deeply disappointed, the cardinal signed his letters “condemned”, “prisoner”, and “condemned archbishop”. The show-trial and long prison confinement only strengthened the cardinal’s faith. This article is based on documents held by the Hungarian National Archives, the Historical Archives of the State Security Services, the Esztergom Primate Archives, the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, the National Archives and Records Administration (USA), and others.
12
Broos, Ben. "The wanderings of Rembrandt's Portrait of Aeltje Uylenburgh." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 123, no. 2 (2010): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/003067212x13397495480745.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFor more than a century the only eyewitness account of Rembrandt's Portrait of an old woman (fig. 1) was a description made by Wilhelm Bode in 1883. At the time, he was unable to decipher the date, 1632; nor did he know anything about Aeltje Uylenburgh or the history of the panel. However, the painting's provenance has since been revealed, and it can be traced back in an almost unbroken line to its commission, a rare occurrence in Rembrandt's oeuvre. A pendant portrait, now lost, featured the preacher Johannes Sylvius, who is also the subject of an etching by Rembrandt dating from 1633 (fig. 2). Rembrandt had a close relationship with the Sylvius couple and he married their cousin Saskia Uylenburgh in 1634. After Aeltje's death in 1644, the couple's son Cornelis Sylvius inherited the portraits. We know that Cornelis moved to Haarlem in 1647, and that in 1681 he made a will bequeathing the pendants to his son Johannes Sylvius Junior. For the most part of a century they remained in the family. We lose track of the portrait of Johannes Sylvius when, in 1721, Cornelis II Sylvius refurbishes a house on the Kruisstraat in Haarlem. However, thanks to a handful of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century copies, it has been possible to reconstruct the trail followed by Aeltje. In 1778, a copy from Dessau turned up at auction in Frankfurt. It was bought under the name of Johann Heinrich Roos by Henriette Amalie von Anhalt-Dessau. There is a copy of this copy in the museum of Marseilles, attributed Ferdinand Bol (fig. 3). In 2000 an article in the Tribune de Genève revealed that the original had belonged to the Burlamacchi Collection in the eighteenth century, and was then thought to be a portrait of Rembrandt's mother. Jean-Jacques Burlamacchi (1694-1748), a prominent Geneva collector, acquired major works of art, including probably the Rembrandt portrait, while travelling in Holland and Britain around 1720. It was the heirs of Burlamacchi, the Misses de Chapeaurouge, who opened the famous collection to the public. In 1790 or thereabouts, the Swiss portrait painter Marc-Louis Arlaud produced a copy, now in the museum at Lausanne (fig. 4), which for many years was thought to be an autograph work by Rembrandt. The painter Georges Chaix also made a copy, which he exhibited in Geneva in 1823. This work still belongs to the artist's family; unfortunately it has not been possible to obtain an image. After the Burlamacchi Collection was sold in about 1825, the painting was referred to somewhat nostalgically as 'Un Rembrandt "genevois"'. It was bought for 18,000 francs by the Paris art dealer Dubois, who sold it to the London banker William Coesvelt. In 1828, Coesvelt in turn sold the portrait through the London dealer John Smith, who described it as 'the painter's mother, at the age of 62'. We know that the picture was subsequently acquired from Albertus Brondgeest by the banker James de Rothschild (1792-1868) for his country house at Boulogne, as this is mentioned in the 1864 description of Rothschild's collection by Charles Blanc. Baron James's widow, Betty de Rothschild, inherited the portrait in 1868 and it was in Paris that the Berlin museum director Wilhelm Bode (fig. 5) first saw the painting. In his description of 1883 he states that the woman was not, in his opinion, Rembrandt's mother. In 1886 the portrait fell to Betty's son, Baron Alphonse (1827-1905). Bode published a heliogravure of the work in 1897, which remained for many years the only available reproduction (fig. 6). Rembrandt's portrait of a woman was a showpiece in Baron Alphonse's Paris smoking room (fig. 7). Few art historians came to the Rothschild residence and neither Valentiner nor Bredius, who published catalogues of Rembrandt in 1909 and 1935, respectively, had seen the painting. Alphonse's heir was Baron Edouard de Rothschild, who in 1940 fled to America with his daughter Bethsabée. The Germans looted the painting, but immediately after the war it was exhibited, undamaged, in a frame carrying the (deliberately?) misleading name 'Romney' (fig. 8). In 1949, Bethsabée de Rothschild became the rightful owner of the portrait. She took it with her when she moved to Israel in 1962, where under the name of Bathsheva de Rothschild she became a well-known patron of modern dance. In 1978, J. Bruyn en S. Levie of the Rembrandt Research Project (RRP) travelled to Tel Aviv to examine the painting. Although the surface was covered with a thick nicotine film, they were impressed by its condition. Bruyn and Levie were doubtful, however, that the panel's oval format was original, as emerges from the 'Rembrandt-Corpus' report of 1986. Not having seen the copies mentioned earlier, they were unaware that one nineteenth-century replica was also oval (fig. 9). Their important discovery that the woman's age was 62 was not further investigated at the time. Baroness Bathsheva de Rothschild died childless in 1999. On 13 December 2000 the painting was sold by Christie's, London, after a surprising new identity for the elderly sitter had been put forward. It had long been known that Rembrandt painted portraits of Aeltje Uylenburgh and her husband, the minister Cornelis Sylvius. Aeltje, who was a first cousin of Rembrandt's wife, Saskia Uylenburgh, would have been about 60 years old at the time. Given that the age of the woman in the portrait was now known to be 62, it was suggested that she could be Aeltje. The portrait was acquired for more than 28 million US dollars by the art dealer Robert Noortman, who put it on the market as 'Aeltje' with a question mark. In 2005, Noortman sold the portrait for 36.5 million to the American-Dutch collectors Mr and Mrs De Mol van Otterloo. At the time, the Mauritshuis in The Hague felt that trying to buy the portrait would be too extravagant, while the Rijksmuseum was more interested in acquiring a female portrait from Rembrandt's later period. Aeltje was thus destined to leave the Netherlands for good. A chronicle of the Sylvius family published in 2006 shows that Aeltje Uylenburgh would have been born in 1570 (fig. 10), demonstrating that she could indeed be the 62-year-old woman depicted by Rembrandt in 1632. We know that Aeltje was godmother to Rembrandt's children and that Saskia was godmother to Aeltje's granddaughter. Further evidence of the close ties between the two families is provided by Rembrandt's etching of Aeltje's son Petrus, produced in 1637. It is now generally accepted that the woman in the portrait is Aeltje. She was last shown in the Netherlands at the 'Dutch Portraits' exhibition in The Hague. In February 2008 the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston announced that it had received on long-term loan one the finest Rembrandts still in private ownership.
13
Soeriaatmadja, Raden E. "THE COASTAL CURRENT SOUTH OF JAVA." Marine Research in Indonesia 3 (May 10, 2018): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v3i0.329.
Full textAbstract:
This paper concerns investigations of the hydrography of the waters south of Java, especially of the Java Coastal Current, which have been carried out by the Institute of Marine Research at Djakarta. It is based on (1) oceanographic observations made by the research vessel "SAMUDERA" in February 1957, (2) the surface salinity data of the years 1949—1955, consisting of about 700 observations which were collected by the Institute of Marine Research at Djakarta, and (3) the surface current data obtained from the Atlas of Oceanographic and Meteorological data of the Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut.
14
Jiang, Pu. "Cooperation between the USSR and China and its reflection in socio-cultural sources: historical aspect." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 5-2 (May 1, 2022): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202205statyi55.
Full textAbstract:
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, diplomatic relations were established between China and the USSR on October 2. On February 4, 1950, China and the Soviet Union officially signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance - the so-called “honeymoon” of Sino-Soviet relations began. For the first time in the scientific discourse, the issues of socio-cultural cooperation between the USSR and the People’s Republic of China in the historical aspect and their impact on today’s Russian-Chinese relations are investigated in this article.
15
Paal, Piret, Anne Müller, Woukelyne Gil, Gil Goldzweig, and Frank Elsner. "Nurturing Socioculturally and Medically Appropriate Palliative Care Delivery: Lessons Learned by Israeli Medical Faculty." Journal of Religion and Health 61, no. 2 (March 9, 2022): 1469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01522-8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIsrael is one of the few countries worldwide with a national policy and defined standards of palliative care (PC); its culture is highly diverse and more traditionally oriented in comparison with Western countries. This study describes the current state of PC in Israel through examination of: (1) its current status, self-image and structural factors; (2) its relation to cultural and political characteristics; and (3) the chances, goals and obstacles of advancing PC in Israel. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at all five public medical faculties in Israel from November 2017 to February 2018. The following findings are reported: (1) definition of palliative care, (2) multidisciplinary approach, (3) special role of nurses, (4) personal perceptions of death, (5) understanding the role of medicine, (6) specialty palliative medicine, (7) religious, spiritual and cultural aspects, (8) political and economic aspects, (9) obstacles and weaknesses, and (10) prospects and goals of palliative care. Participants perceive PC as an integrative healthcare service that should be available to all patients, including children and their families, at any stage of illness. They internalize that PC principles apply regardless of ethnic, cultural, and religious background. Utilizing nurses’ leadership, enhancing multidisciplinary teamwork, and person-centered approach, supports better PC to more people.
16
Guptill, K., H. Berendes, M. R. Forman, D. Chang, B. Sarov, L. Naggan, and G. L. Hundt. "Seasonality of births among Bedouin Arabs residing in the Negev Desert of Israel." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 2 (April 1990): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200001854x.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryFrom 1 January 1981 to 31 December 1982 information on all births to Bedouin Arab women residing in the Negev Desert of Israel showed a previously unreported seasonal pattern. The peak season, November-February, coincided with the period of cool temperatures and the Bedouin Arab cultural seasons of winter and spring. This pattern is different from those of Jewish and Christian groups in the same region, a difference not attributable to religion alone.Sociodemographic factors associated with the peak season of birth include traditional occupations of fathers, multiparae 2+, and traditional place of residence. This pattern has persisted over the past 15 years although it is less apparent among the more recently sedentarized Bedouin Arabs.
17
Bassal, Ravit, Lital Keinan-Boker, and Dani Cohen. "A Significant Decrease in the Incidence of Shigellosis in Israel during COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063070.
Full textAbstract:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 and is mostly person-to-person transmitted through respiratory droplets. The implications of the strategies implemented to prevent COVID-19 transmission on other infectious diseases are unclear. We aimed to appraise trends in the incidence of salmonellosis, shigellosis and campylobacteriosis in Israel during COVID-19 pandemic. Positive stool samples for Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter are reported on a monthly basis to the Israel Center for Disease Control from sentinel laboratories, within the framework of a surveillance network of bacterial culture-proven enteric diseases. Age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 of shigellosis, salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis were calculated. Mean rates before and after the local onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Israel were compared and Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) was calculated. Joinpoint was used to evaluate secular trends. The mean age-adjusted incidence rate of shigellosis in March–July 2020 was lower than the rate observed in March–July 2018–2019 (RRR = 86.6%), but also decreased for salmonellosis (RRR = 33.0%) and campylobacteriosis (RRR = 30.0%). Using Joinpoint we have shown that the decrease observed for shigellosis was significantly sharper (Annual Percent Change (APC) = −77.7) between February 2020 and May 2020 than for salmonellosis (APC = −14.0) between July 2019 and April 2020 and for campylobacteriosis (APC = −1.1) between January 2018 and July 2020. The preventive measures applied to reduce transmission of COVID-19, including social distancing and hand washing, were ecologically associated with a decreased risk of bacterial enteric diseases in Israel. The association was strongest for shigellosis, a disease that is mostly person-to-person transmitted, as compared to salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis which are mostly foodborne transmitted.
18
Galron-Goldschlager, Joseph. "Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies: Recent Changes (1992-1994)." Judaica Librarianship 8, no. 1 (September 1, 1994): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1234.
Full textAbstract:
The following subject headings of interest to Judaica and Hebraica librarians were culled from Library of Congress Weekly Lists nos. 21–51 (1992) (May 20, 1992–December 16, 1992), 1–51 (1993) (December 30, 1992–December 15, 1993), and 1–5 (1994) (January 5, 1994–February 2, 1994).
This list continues my earlier one, published in Judaica Librarianship, vol. 7, no. 1–2 (Spring 1992–Winter 1993), pp. 72–78. This list is also an update of my 4th edition of Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies (New York: Association of Jewish Libraries, 1993).
The term "Jewish Studies" is defined broadly and includes Old and New Testament studies, rabbinical literature , Hebrew and other Jewish languages, Hebrew and other Jewish literatures, Jewish history (including history of the Jews in the Diaspora), Israeli history (including current events in the Land of Israel), geography of the Land of Israel, history of the early Near East (Assyria, Babylonia, etc.), and more. The list also includes headings that may be subdivided with the Religious aspects-Judaism subdivision and with the Religious aspects subdivision that may not be subdivided further.
19
Bar-Or, Itay, Victoria Indenbaum, Merav Weil, Michal Elul, Nofar Levi, Irina Aguvaev, Zvi Cohen, et al. "National Scale Real-Time Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Dynamics by Wastewater Monitoring in Israel." Viruses 14, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14061229.
Full textAbstract:
In this report, we describe a national-scale monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 (SC-2) variant dynamics in Israel, using multiple-time sampling of 13 wastewater treatment plants. We used a combination of inclusive and selective quantitative PCR assays that specifically identify variants A19/A20 or B.1.1.7 and tested each sample for the presence and relative viral RNA load of each variant. We show that between December 2020 and March 2021, a complete shift in the SC-2 variant circulation was observed, where the B.1.1.7 replaced the A19 in all examined test points. We further show that the normalized viral load (NVL) values and the average new cases per week reached a peak in January 2021 and then decreased gradually in almost all test points, in parallel with the progression of the national vaccination campaign, during February–March 2021. This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring SC-2 variant by using a combination of inclusive and selective PCR tests on a national scale through wastewater sampling, which is far more amendable for high-throughput monitoring compared with sequencing. This approach may be useful for real-time dynamics surveillance of current and future variants, such as the Omicron (BA.1, BA.2) and other variants.
20
Jurkowski, Edward. "The Aurora borealis harmony as structural design in Eduard Tubin’s ‘Northern Lights’ Piano Sonata No. 2." Les Cahiers de la Société québécoise de recherche en musique 14, no. 1 (June 6, 2013): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016197ar.
Full textAbstract:
The Estonian Eduard Tubin’s (1905-1982) second piano sonata, subtitled the “Northern Lights Sonata,” represents a significant turning point for the composer. Written between February and October in 1950, the sonata contains attributes that become hallmarks of Tubin’s mature style—namely, a highly concentrated compositional structure, an enriched, tonally ambiguous harmonic design, and the use of cyclically repeating theme groups. The subtitle of the composition comes from Tubin himself. Specifically, he noted that the work’s opening eight-note harmony represents the programmatic depiction of the whirling flashes from the northern lights he witnessed in Stockholm during 1949. In this article, I trace the various transformations of the Aurora borealis harmony in the second piano sonata and identify its role as a vital structural element of the composition. Following a descriptive assessment of the work’s three movements, I end by identifying some fascinating relationships between the piano sonata and other works by Tubin from this time period.
21
Weil, Clara, Tobias Bergroth, Anna Eisenberg, Yohance Omar Whiteside, Yoseph Caraco, Lilac Tene, and Gabriel Chodick. "Real-World Utilization of Molnupiravir during the COVID-19 Omicron Surge in Israel." Epidemiologia 4, no. 3 (August 10, 2023): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia4030031.
Full textAbstract:
Molnupiravir (MOV) was introduced in Israel in January 2022 during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron surge for high-risk patients contraindicated for nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe characteristics of patients offered COVID-19 antiviral treatment in Maccabi Healthcare Services (antiviral treatment-eligible cohort; n = 5596) between 12 January and 28 February 2022, and the subset of these who were dispensed MOV (MOV-treated cohort; n = 1147), as well as outcomes following MOV dispensation. Median (interquartile range) age in the antiviral treatment-eligible and MOV-treated cohorts were 70.5 (61.1, 77.3) and 74.1 (64.3, 81.7) years, respectively. The MOV-treated cohort (male: 53.2%) had high rates of COVID-19 vaccination (91.4%) and comorbidities, including immunosuppression (40.0%) and chronic kidney disease (67.0%; eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2: 28.8%), and most used comedications either contraindicated or with major potential for drug–drug interactions with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (87.3%). At 28 days post-MOV dispensation, the cumulative incidence (95% CI) of COVID-19-related hospitalization and/or all-cause mortality was 3.6% (2.5%, 4.6%), with similar rates across sexes and age groups (18–64 vs. ≥65 years), and lower rates among recently vaccinated and/or recently SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. These data describe the characteristics and outcomes for MOV-treated patients in Israel, whose clinical characteristics may preclude the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to treat their COVID-19 infection.
22
Mor, Orna, Michal Mandelboim, Shay Fleishon, Efrat Bucris, Dana Bar-Ilan, Michal Linial, Ital Nemet, et al. "The Rise and Fall of a Local SARS-CoV-2 Variant with the Spike Protein Mutation L452R." Vaccines 9, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080937.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may threaten global vaccination efforts and the awaited reduction in outbreak burden. In this study, we report a novel variant carrying the L452R mutation that emerged from a local B.1.362 lineage, B.1.362+L452R. The L452R mutation is associated with the Delta and Epsilon variants and was shown to cause increased infection and reduction in neutralization in pseudoviruses. Indeed, the B.1.362+L452R variant demonstrated a X4-fold reduction in neutralization capacity of sera from BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals compared to a wild-type strain. The variant infected 270 individuals in Israel between December 2020 and March 2021, until diminishing due to the gain in dominance of the Alpha variant in February 2021. This study demonstrates an independent, local emergence of a variant carrying a critical mutation, L452R, which may have the potential of becoming a variant of concern and emphasizes the importance of routine surveillance and detection of novel variants among efforts undertaken to prevent further disease spread.
23
Brennan, Sean. "William Warren Scranton and the United Nations 1976-1977." Athens Journal of History 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.9-1-2.
Full textAbstract:
During his year of service as the American ambassador to the United Nations, William Scranton, who had a distinguished career in domestic and foreign service before his appointment to the position in February 1976, faced a number of challenges during this time period. His first task was to improve the standing of the American delegation with other representatives following the tumultuous tenure of his predecessor, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, especially when it came to delegates from the Third World. Scranton attempted to find a balance in the Middle Eastern disputes between Israel and much of the Arab world. Following this, Scranton dealt with the end of European imperialism in Africa through welcoming new member-states into the organization. The Cold War, even during the era of détente, was never far from the agenda, and Scranton helped pioneer the efforts to attack on the Soviet record on human rights, a tactic later used by representatives from the Carter and Reagan Administrations.
24
Hoober, Lin, Danna Titelboim, Sigal Abramovich, Barak Herut, Nadya Teutsch, Tal Benaltabet, and Adi Torfstein. "Establishing Baseline Assessment Levels for Monitoring Coastal Heavy Metals Using Foraminiferal Shells: A Case Study from the Southeastern Mediterranean." Water 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101532.
Full textAbstract:
One of the challenges in monitoring the marine coastal environments is quantifying the magnitude and duration of pollution events. This study introduces a new concept of defining heavy metal (HM) baseline assessment levels (BALs) in coastal environments using foraminiferal shells. We demonstrated the potential of this approach by examining a nature reserve along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Our previous investigation of this site in 2013–2014 using foraminiferal single-chamber LA-ICPMS created a large dataset consisting of HM measurements of two species, Lachlanella and Pararotalia calcariformata. This database was used to establish the BAL of Zn, Cu and Pb, associated with anthropogenic sources. In February 2021, a significant tar pollution event affected the entire Mediterranean coast of Israel, derived from an offshore oil spill. This event provided a unique opportunity to test the applicability of the foraminiferal BAL by comparing it to whole-shell ICPMS measurements of the two species collected in winter and summer 2021. Results reveal a significant increase (2–34-fold) in the three HMs between 2013–2014 and 2021, with Pb/Ca displaying the most prominent increase in both species. This suggests a possible linkage between the oil spill event and the significantly elevated metal/Ca ratios in 2021.
25
Sobral, Marcos Felipe Falcão, Brigitte Renata Bezerra de Oliveira, Ana Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral, Marcelo Luiz Monteiro Marinho, Gisleia Benini Duarte, and André de Souza Melo. "SARS-COV-2 Vaccines: What Indicators are Associated with the Worldwide Distribution of the First Doses." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211060184.
Full textAbstract:
The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with the distribution of the first doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, we used 9 variables: human development index (HDI), gross domestic product (GDP per capita), Gini index, population density, extreme poverty, life expectancy, COVID cases, COVID deaths, and reproduction rate. The time period was until February 1, 2021. The variable of interest was the sum of the days after the vaccine arrived in the countries. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated, and t-test was performed between the groups that received and did not receive the immunizer, and finally, a stepwise linear regression model was used. 58 (30.4%) of the 191 countries received the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The countries that received the most doses were the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and Israel. Vaccine access in days showed a positive Pearson correlation HDI, GDP, life expectancy, COVID-19 cases, deaths, and reproduction rate. Human development level, COVID-19 deaths, GDP per capita, and population density are able to explain almost 50% of the speed of access to immunizers. Countries with higher HDI and per capita income obtained priority access.
26
Binfield, Clyde. "Jews in Evangelical Dissent: The British Society, the Herschell Connection and the Pre-Millenarian Thread." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 10 (1994): 225–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900000247.
Full textAbstract:
I will add but one word. It is written, ‘Shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the time of the end; the words are closed up and sealed, till the time of the end’ ([Daniel] 12. 4, 9). If, then, the seal be now broken, the time of the end is at hand.(Pergamos, ‘Prophecies of the Latter Times—Letter VI’, Voice of Israel, 2. 34 (1 February 1847), p. 167.)Castle CAMPS in the twentieth century is a small, and in the nineteenth century was an entirely agricultural, village close to the borders of Cambridgeshire, Esssex, and Suffolk. It has a United Reformed church which was formerly Congregational and whose members at the close of the nineteenth century included the village shopkeeper. That was not unusual. What is less usual is that he was a Jew.
27
Dor, E., H. Eizenberg, D. M. Joel, E. Levitin, and J. Hershenhorn. "First Report of Orobanche crenata Parasitism on Ornamental Anemone (Anemone coronaria) in Israel." Plant Disease 92, no. 4 (April 2008): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-4-0655c.
Full textAbstract:
Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are obligatory parasitic weeds that infect roots of vegetables and field crops worldwide, resulting in severe damage. Orobanche crenata Forsk is common in agricultural fields in the Mediterranean Basin, Southern Europe, and the Middle East and is known as an important scourge of grain and forage legumes and of some Apiaceous crops such as carrot (Daucus carota L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) (3,4). To our knowledge, in this note, we report for the first time on Anemone coronaria L. (Ranunculaceae) as a new host for O. crenata and this is also the first report of Orobanche parasitism on a geophytic crop. Anemone (Anemone coronaria L.) is a high-value ornamental crop, which is commercially grown for cut flowers. Four anemone cultivars (Meron Red, Galil White, Jerusalem Blue, and Jerusalem Pink) were planted in September 2006 in a 2-ha field in Israel. The previous crop, broad bean (Vicia faba L.), was heavily infected during 2005 by O. crenata. In February 2007, O. crenata parasitized the anemone plants and developed numerous fertile flowering stalks throughout the field. The four anemone cultivars were equally infected by the parasite. Additional flowering stalks were still emerging on anemone plants during July 2007. Washing the root system clearly verified direct connection between the parasite and anemone roots. The parasite species was identified morphologically after Flora Europea (1) and Flora Palaestina (2). In addition, the stem had the fragrance typical of O. crenata. Neither symptoms nor visible qualitative or quantitative damage could be detected on infected anemone plants compared with noninfected plants. However, anemone appears to be an alternate host on which O. crenata can produce additional seed for the parasite seed bank. References: (1) A. O. Chater and D. A. Webb. Orobanche. Page 285 in: Flora Europaea. T. G. Tutin et al., eds. Vol. 3. University Press, Cambridge, 1972. (2) N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Page 210 in: Flora Palaestina. Vol. 3. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, 1978. (3) D. M. Joel et al. Hortic. Rev. 33:267, 2007. (4) C. Parker and C. R. Riches. Page 111 in: Parasitic Weeds of the World: Biology and Control. CAB International, Wallingford, Great Britain, 1993.
28
Asikainen, T., and K. Mursula. "Reconnection and energetic particles at the edge of the exterior cusp." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 7 (August 9, 2006): 1949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1949-2006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In this paper we study flux transfer events (FTE) observed at the post-noon edge of the exterior cusp region by Cluster satellites. During the outbound dayside orbit on 2 February 2003, intense bursts of energetic particles were observed in close conjuction with magnetic field FTE signatures by the RAPID instrument onboard the Cluster 4. The pitch-angle distribution of the particles showed that the enhancements consist of particles flowing antiparallel to the magnetosheath field lines away from the expected reconnection site to the exterior cusp. At the same time Cluster 3 observed enhancements of energetic particles deeper in the exterior cusp with a delay of about 40 s to the Cluster 4 enhancements. The estimated maximum energy gain per particle by reconnection remains below 1 keV, thus clearly below the tens to hundreds of keV energy range observed by the RAPID instrument. These observations support the earlier statistical result of the magnetospheric origin of energetic particles in the exterior cusp. Reconnection near the exterior cusp partly releases the particles in the closed field lines of the adjacent HLPS region into the exterior cusp.
29
Warburg, M. R., and Gad Degani. "Variations in brood size and birth rates of Salamandra salamandra (Amphibia, Urodela) from different habitats in northern Israel." Amphibia-Reptilia 16, no. 4 (1995): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853895x00424.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOvoviviparous births of larvae of Salamandra salamandra (L) were compared from a number of disjunct habitats in northern Israel, at the south-eastern limit of the Palearctic distribution of the species. The numbers, period and rate at which larvae were born varied between different habitats. In one winter pond, 90±11 larvae per brood were born at a rate of 5 per hour during December-January; in another pond, broods of 114±13 were born at 4 per hour during November-January; in a third, 112±15 were born at a rate of 4 per hour during November-December. In a perennial spring habitat, 68±2 larvae per brood were born at a rate one per hour during February-March, while in a stream habitat, brood size was 55±10 larvae, born at two per hour over the whole year. There were no significant differences in size between larvae from different habitats. Adjustments in birth parameters of larvae born in winter ponds indicate adaptation to an unpredictable habitat.
30
Plaut, I. "Sexual maturity, reproductive season and fecundity of the spiny lobster Panulirus penicillatus from the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba), Red Sea." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 4 (1993): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930527.
Full textAbstract:
Panulirus penicillatus Olivier (1791) (Decapoda: Palinuridae) is widely distributed in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and is the most common spiny lobster in the Red Sea. Female lobsters (n =234), were collected on four occasions in 1986 from the coral reef of Dahab, 110 km south of Eilat, Israel. Field data and the gonadal index indicated that the reproductive season was from February to October, during which the females spawned 2-4 times. In nature, females became sexually mature at a carapace length (CL) of 50 mm. This result was confirmed by morphometric analysis of the regression between pleopodal exopodite length and carapace length. The number of eggs per spawn (E) was related to CL by the equation E=2.715 ×(CL)2.581. The incubation period of eggs was 35.5�1.0 days (�s.d.) at temperatures of 24-27�C in the aquarium. The results are compared with data on P. penicillatus from other parts of its geographic range, and the effect of geographic isolation on reproduction is discussed.
31
Israel, Ariel, Eugene Merzon, Yotam Shenhar, Ilan Green, Avivit Golan-Cohen, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Eytan Ruppin, Shlomo Vinker, and Eli Magen. "Clinical and Laboratory Features in the Israeli Population with COVID-19 Infection after Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Booster Vaccination." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050636.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Immune protection following either vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2 decreases over time. Objective: We aim to describe clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with COVID-19 infection at least 14 days after booster vaccination in the Israeli population. Methods: We conducted a population-based study among adult members of Leumit Health Services (LHS) in Israel. Nasopharyngeal swabs were examined for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR. The hematological and biochemical parameters in the peripheral blood before booster vaccination were evaluated. Results: Between 1 February 2021 and 30 November 2021, 136,683 individuals in LHS were vaccinated with a booster (third dose) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Of these, 1171 (0.9%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 by testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR at least >14 days after the booster vaccination. The COVID-19-positive group was characterized by higher rates of chronic kidney disease than the matched COVID-19-negative group (43 (3.7%) vs. 3646 (2.7%); p = 0.039). Anemia, lower peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, C3 Complement, cholesterol, and prothrombin time were also associated with COVID-19 after booster vaccination. Conclusion: People with chronic kidney disease and anemia should be included in possible future annual SARS-CoV-2 vaccination recommendations.
32
Kim, Yeonju, Sung-Chan Yang, Jinhwa Jang, Shin Young Park, Seong Sun Kim, Chansoo Kim, Donghyok Kwon, and Sang-Won Lee. "COVID-19 Cases and Deaths among Healthcare Personnel with the Progression of the Pandemic in Korea from March 2020 to February 2022." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8060308.
Full textAbstract:
Healthcare personnel (HCP) are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection due to their higher risk of contact with infected persons. The numbers of cases and deaths among HCP in Korea were divided into four periods associated with different major variants of SARS-CoV-2: GH clade, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron. To evaluate the implication of HCP infection in Korea, we overviewed the pandemic status in Korea and in other countries: the cases, deaths, excess mortality, and vaccination rates in Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In about two years, there were 10,670 HCP cases among all COVID-19 cases (1.15% of 925,975 cases). HCP cases had a lower death rate (%) compared to that for all cases (0.14 versus 0.75). Nurses were the most infected (55.3%), followed by HCP of other categories (28.8%) and doctors (15.9%), while deaths were mostly reported among doctors (9 out of 15, 60%). Cases among HCP gradually increased, but the death rate decreased as the pandemic progressed. Compared to five of the other countries examined, Korea had a higher incidence of cases but a lower mortality, lower excess mortality, and a higher vaccination rate.
33
Amir, D., J. Thimonier, and H. Gacitua. "The effect of a light pulse and melatonin, alone or in combination, on the reproductive performance of Finn-cross ewes in spring in Israel." Journal of Agricultural Science 109, no. 2 (October 1987): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600080680.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryAdult Finn-cross ewes, pregnant from September matings, were kept under natural photoperiod (control, 30 animals) or with an additional exposure to a 1 h long. 300 lux light pulse, 16–17 h after an artificial dawn (light-pulse treatment, 32 ewes) for 2·5 months. After lambing, the supplementary light was discontinued and half of the ewes from each group were injected daily with 2 mg melatonin for an additional 2·5 months.The light-pulse ewes produced heavier lambs and more milk, as can be deduced from the higher rate of growth of their lambs during the first 10 days of life, than the control animals. The light-pulse and/or melatonin treatments delayed the occurrence of the first post-partum ovulation and oestrus (which occurred in the untreated animals about 4 and 6 weeks, respectively, after lambing), by 1–3 weeks. However, more ewes exhibited oestrus and cyclic activity in the light-treated than in the other groups. The fertility in the light-treated group was, consequently, superior to that in the group kept under natural photoperiod, in spite of the similar lambing rate of the mated ewes of the different groups.It is concluded that the light-pulse, but not the melatonin treatment, had a beneficial effect on the reproductive performance of the ewes, as measured by the weight of the newborn lambs, the milk production of the dams during the first 10 days post-partum, and the cyclic activity of the ewes after February lambing in Israel.
34
Shalev, Ligat, Moises Bistre, Gadi Lubin, Keren Avirame, Sergey Raskin, Omer Linkovski, Renana Eitan, and Adam J. Rose. "Enabling Expedited Disposition of Emergencies Using Telepsychiatry in Israel: Protocol for a Hybrid Implementation Study." JMIR Research Protocols 12 (October 17, 2023): e49405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/49405.
Full textAbstract:
Background Telepsychiatry is the use of virtual communication, such as a video link, to deliver mental health assessment, treatment, and follow-up. Previous studies have shown telepsychiatry to be feasible, accurate compared with in-person practice, and satisfying for psychiatrists and patients. Telepsychiatry has also been associated with reduced waiting times for evaluation and, in some studies, lower admission rates. However, most previous studies focused on using telepsychiatry in community settings and not on involuntary admission. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness and implementation process of patient assessment for involuntary admissions in the psychiatric emergency department (ED) using a video link. Methods This type 1 hybrid implementation study will examine telepsychiatry effectiveness and the implementation process, by comparing telepsychiatry (n=240) with historical controls who had a face-to-face evaluation (n=240) during the previous, usual care period in 5 psychiatric EDs in Israel. A temporary waiver of the standing policy requiring in-person evaluations only, for the purpose of research, was obtained from the Israeli Ministry of Health. During the telepsychiatry phase, clinical staff and patients will join a video call from the ED, while the attending physician will log in elsewhere. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework will guide the evaluation of the telepsychiatry implementation process in the ED. PARIHS has the following 3 constructs: (1) evidence: staff's opinions regarding the innovation’s viability and practicality, their satisfaction levels with its use, and patients' perceptions of the change; (2) context: level of approval of new strategies in the ED, decision-making processes, and the manner in which clinical teams converse and work together; (3) facilitation: adequacy of the facilitation efforts using champions reports. Primary clinical outcomes include ED length of stay and violent incidents obtained from medical records. Results This study received Helsinki approval from the Ethics Committee of Abarbanel Mental Health Center (174; March 13, 2023), Jerusalem Mental Health Center (22-21; November 6, 2022), Lev-Hasharon Mental Health Medical Center (LH12023; February 12, 2023), Tel-Aviv Medical Center (TLV-22-0656; January 3, 2023), and Sha'ar Menashe (1-4-23; April 18, 2023). Data collection began in July 2023 in 2 study sites and will begin soon at the others. Conclusions Telepsychiatry could have significant benefits for patients in the psychiatric ED. Examining telepsychiatry effectiveness in the ED, in addition to identifying the facilitators and barriers of implementing it in different emergency settings, will facilitate better policy decisions regarding its implementation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05771545; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05771545 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/49405
35
Gannon, John, Razieh Azari, Marta Lomazzi, and Bettina Borisch. "Analysing the Launch of COVID-19 Vaccine National Rollouts: Nine Case Studies." Epidemiologia 2, no. 4 (October 23, 2021): 519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia2040036.
Full textAbstract:
In late 2020 and early 2021, with the eagerly anticipated regulatory approval of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the urgent global effort to inoculate populations against this devastating virus was underway. These case studies examine the early stages of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts across nine regions from around the world (Brazil, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Nigeria, Taiwan, United Kingdom and United States). By evaluating and comparing different approaches used to immunize against a novel pathogen, it is possible to learn a great deal about which methods were successful, and in which areas strategies can be improved. This information is applicable to the ongoing global vaccination against this virus, as well as in the event of future pandemics. Research was conducted by following and tracking the progress of vaccine rollouts in the nine regions, using published clinical trials, government documents and news reports as sources of data. Results relate to the proportion of populations that had received at least one COVID-19 dose by 28 February 2021. Outcomes are discussed in the context of three key pillars integral to all immunization programs: procurement of vaccines, communication with the public and distribution of doses to individuals.
36
Koterov, A. N., L. N. Ushenkova, I. G. Dibirgadzhiev, M. V. Kalinina, and A. P. Biryukov. "The First Radioprotectors: For in vivo Experiments the Official Historical Milestone is Postponed by Six Years." MEDICAL RADIOLOGY AND RADIATION SAFETY 68, no. 2 (March 2023): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-53-59.
Full textAbstract:
Historical essays in monographs, in reviews and in the introductions of experimental works on theme of the first studies of radioprotectors are considered. It was found that such studies began to be carried out only during the development and use of atomic weapons, but not during the previous order of 40 years of radiotherapy (with the exception of the effect of hypoxia as such, and not caused by drugs). In most publications, the work of Patt H.M. et al., 1949 on the cysteine action (USA) is called as pioneer research, what is not quite right (it is only right for thiol compounds). A paper by Joseph Maisin (Belgium) in the journal ‘Acta Biologica Belgica’ which published only in 1941–1943 in the occupied Brussels, should be considered as a real milestone for animal experiments (Vol. III–IV. P. 117). In this study, referenced only in a single work (Bacq Z.M. et al., 1951), the radioprotective effect of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was demonstrated in rodents. In the same year, the radioprotective effect of estrogens was shown in mice (Treadwelal A. DEG. et al., February 1943). A brief summary of the stages of radioprotective agents study is presented, starting from 1942 (W.M. Dale et al.; protection of the enzyme in solution) and up to the 1954, when all the main classes of radioprotectors were discovered and the corresponding mechanisms of effects were proposed.
37
Petraitytė-Briedienė, Asta. "History of One Document from the US National Archives: Memorandum of Conversation of the US Department of State." Knygotyra 74 (July 9, 2020): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.2020.74.48.
Full textAbstract:
The article briefly presents the US National Archives, where a number of documents important for the history of the Lithuanian diplomacy, as well as a document significant for the history of the Lithuanian diaspora and its political organizations, are preserved. One of them is Memorandum of Conversation dated 2 February 1949 and prepared by John D. Hickerson, an official of the US Department of State. It extensively describes his meeting and conversations with members of the Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania, the Prelate Mykolas Krupavičius and Vaclovas Sidzikauskas, who for the first time visited the US and were accompanied to the meeting by the then Lithuanian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary Povilas Žadeikis. Memorandum of Conversation is introduced into scientific circulation through methods of archival document monitoring and case analysis, as well as additional tools (such as periodicals and memoirs, archival documents) and based on the principles of document publication. The document published for the first time, as a primary source, supplements the data of Lithuanian historiography, gives a broader content to the known fact, reinforces the scientific research base on the history of Lithuanian diplomacy, the history of the Lithuanian diaspora’s political organizations and separately – the history of Lithuanian-the US bilateral diplomatic relations.
38
Szubin, Zvi Henri, and Bezalel Porten. "The Status of a Repudiated Spouse: A New Interpretation of Kraeling 7 (TADB3.8)." Israel Law Review 35, no. 1 (2001): 46–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700012085.
Full textAbstract:
The longest Elephantine contract is the “document of wifehood” (spr ʾntw) drawn up between Ananiah son of Haggai and Zaccur son of Meshullam. Numbering forty-five lines and measuring 30 cm wide by 92 cm high, it had been cut apart at the time of acquisition and was painstakingly put together, like a jigsaw puzzle, over a long period of time and in stages, both in 1949 by Anthony Giambalvo of the Department of Egyptian Art of the Brooklyn Museum and almost forty years later, in February, 1987, by Porten and Ada Yardeni. It was first published by Emil G. Kraeling in 1953 and then in 1989 by Porten and Yardeni with handcopy. The contract stipulated the terms, rights and obligations, and pecuniary consequences attendant upon the marriage of Ananiah to Jehoishma daughter of Anani son of Azariah and his wife Tamet (TADB3.4:18), formerly handmaiden of Meshullam father of Zaccur (TADB3.3:3, 3.6:2-4). As successor to Meshullam's estate, Zaccur possessed residual rights to Jehoishma and her mother Tamet (TADB3.6:11-15). Since Zaccur provided the dowry and relinquished some of his rights to Jehoishma, it is with him and not with Jehoishma's natural father (Anani son of Azariah) that the contract was drawn up.
39
Karginova-Gubinova, V. V. "THE STATE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY AS A THREAT TO RUSSIA’S SECURITY: PUBLIC ESTIMATES AND INFLUENCING FACTORS." Strategic decisions and risk management 10, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2019-2-166-173.
Full textAbstract:
This article is aimed at determining the significance of the state of the world economy as a threat to national security for the public of the Russia, as well as the formalization of the factors determining this. The study is based on a sociological approach and assumes primary attention to society, not the state, and cognitive factors. Using the methods of applied statistics, the data of the international sociological survey held in February-May 2017 in 38 countries were analyzed. The reports and statistical bases of the World Economic Forum, the World Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the Central Intelligence Agency were also analyzed. The study showed a plurality of factors that determine the assessment of threats to national security: both the personal characteristics of people and the characteristics of the development of their countries. From all of the countries reviewed, evaluations of Russians to the greatest extent correspond to the estimates of residents of Israel. The multiple regression equation was constructed, it allows to calculate the current and forecast public assessment of the state of the world economy as a threat for the country's security. The results can be used for further studies of security discourse and threat perception. Also, knowledge of the factors that determine the threat assessment will help to choose the tools and measures that will create both objective and subjective security (its feeling).
40
Correll, J. C., and C. Feng. "First Report of Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae Causing Downy Mildew on Spinach in Egypt." Plant Disease 98, no. 7 (July 2014): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0870-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae (= P. effusa) is an economically important disease in most areas where spinach is grown. This disease has become increasingly important in intensive production fields for pre-packaged salad mixes where plant densities typically are very high (2). However, little is known about race diversity of the downy mildew pathogen of spinach in smaller (<1 ha) production areas. Small (~0.1 ha) spinach production fields in Fayoum, Egypt, often intercropped with lettuce, were examined in February 2013. Downy mildew was observed in three spinach fields in the Fayoum area. Most of the cultivars being grown were traditional cultivars commonly grown from locally produced open pollinated seed. Disease incidence was relatively low with only about 10% of the plants showing symptoms of infection. Symptoms of downy mildew were observed on the cultivar Meky, and included chlorotic spots with blue-gray sporulation on the underside of the symptomatic leaves. Microscopic examination revealed sporangia, measuring 20.2 × 30.5 μm, and monopodial sporangiaphores of 180 to 330 μm length matching the description of P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae (1). In addition, the pathogen was identified by examination of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence, which had 100% identity to a 762-bp ITS sequence in GenBank of P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae (Accession No. DQ643879.1). The Fayoum area of Egypt gets relatively low annual rainfall, typically <10 to 15 cm annually, often concentrated in the winter months of November to February, followed by very hot, dry summer months. Although downy mildew of spinach has been reported in Israel, adjacent to Egypt, the disease apparently is relatively rare in the arid Middle East (3). This is the first known report of downy mildew of spinach in Egypt. References: (1) Y. Choi et al. Mycol. Res. 111:318, 2007. (2) J. C. Correll et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2011. (3) T. Rayss. Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem Ser. 1:313, 1938.
41
Kuzmenko, Olha V., Vladyslav A. Smiianov, Lesia A. Rudenko, Mariia O. Kashcha, Tetyana A. Vasilyeva, Svitlana V. Kolomiiets, and Nataliia A. Antoniuk. "IMPACT OF VACCINATION ON THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND CROSS COUNTRY FORECASTING BY FOURIER SERIES." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 10 (2021): 2359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202110101.
Full textAbstract:
The aim: Is to build a forecast of the COVID-19 disease course, considering the vaccination of the population from particular countries. Materials and methods: Based on the analysis of statistical data, the article deals with the topical issue of the impact made by vaccination on the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. The time series, showing the dynamics of changes in the number of infected in Chile, Latvia, Japan, Israel, Australia, Finland, India, United States of America, New Zealand, Czech Republic, Venezuela, Poland, Ukraine, Brazil, Georgia for the period 07.08. 2020–09.09.2021, are analyzed. Trend-cyclic models of time series are obtained using fast Fourier transform. The predicted values of the COVID-19 incidence rate for different countries in the period from September 10, 2021 to February 2, 2022 were calculated using the constructed models. Results and conclusions: The results of the study show that vaccination of the population is one of the most effective methods to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed method of modeling the dynamics of the incidence rate based on statistical data can be used to build further predictions of the incidence rate dynamics. The study of behavioral aspects of trust in vaccination is proposed to be conducted within the theory regarding the self-organization of complex systems.
42
Heger, Martin. "Von der Konstitutionalisierung von Nulla poena, nullum crimen sine lege in Art. 116 WRV (1919) zu dessen Umkehrung in ein Nullum crimen sine poenadurch das NS-Regime." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 20, no. 2 (2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2021.20.02.01.
Full textAbstract:
The principle of Legality (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege) is the most fundamental principle of German criminal code since it was codified in the Bavarian Criminal Code 1813 for the first time. With the Foundation of the German Empire in 1871 it became an integral part of the new German Penal Code Reichsstrafgesetzbuch). It was constitutionalized in 1919 as a fundamental right with Art. 116 of the Weimar Constitution. It was unchallenged till the Nazi regime came to power. Not within the Empowerment Act but with other legal measures resulting from the burning of the Parliament (”Reichstagsbrand”) on 28 February 1933 till 1935 on, the Nazi regime changed the principle step by step from nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege to nullum crimen sine poena. They made Analogy in disfavor of the accused person possible and they stated criminal offences with retroactivity. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court of Justice (Reichsgericht) accepted the new provisions and used it as a basis for its sentences. After WW II the allies nullified the Nazi provisions. With Art. 103 § 2 of the new (West-)German constitution from 1949 nulla poena sine lege has been constitutionalized again. The Paper deals with that development with a special focus on the role of the Reichsgericht as the highest body of judges, who were trained in the times before the Nazis came to power.
43
Peretz, Lidor, Akiva Grossman, Salih J. Saeed, Talia Appleboim-Refael, Yair Zloof, Limor Friedensohn, Shachar Shapira, Amir Shlaifer, and Itamar Grotto. "Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the physical fitness of young-adult cadets: a retrospective case–control study." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e066094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066094.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesTo determine the association of symptomatic and asymptomatic mild COVID-19 and the SARS-CoV-2 viral load with the physical fitness of army cadets.DesignA retrospective case–control study.SettingOfficers’ Training School of the Israel Defense Forces.ParticipantsThe study included all cadets (age, 20.22±1.17 years) in the combatant (n=597; 514 males, 83 females; 33 infected, all males) and non-combatant (n=611; 238 males, 373 females; 91 infected, 57 females, 34 males) training courses between 1 August 2020 and 28 February 2021. COVID-19 outbreaks occurred in September 2020 (non-combatants) and January 2021(combatants).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the aerobic (3000 m race) and anaerobic (combatant/non-combatant-specific) physical fitness mean score differences (MSDs) between the start and end of the respective training courses in infected and non-infected cadets. Secondary outcome measures included aerobic MSD associations with various COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 viral loads.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 infection led to declined non-combatant and combatant aerobic fitness MSD (14.53±47.80 vs –19.19±60.89 s; p<0.001 and –2.72±21.74 vs –23.63±30.92 s; p<0.001), but not anaerobic. The aerobic physical fitness MSD decreased in symptomatic cadets (14.69±44.87 s) and increased in asymptomatic cadets (–3.79±31.07 s), but the difference was statistically insignificant (p=0.07). Symptomatic cadets with fever (24.70±50.95 vs –0.37±33.87 s; p=0.008) and headache (21.85±43.17 vs 1.69±39.54 s; p=0.043) had more positive aerobic physical fitness MSD than asymptomatic cadets. The aerobic fitness decline was negatively associated with viral load assessed by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (n=61; r = –0.329; p=0.010), envelope (n=56; r = –0.385; p=0.002) and nucleus (n=65; r = –0.340; p=0.010) genes.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a lingering decline in aerobic, but not anaerobic, fitness in symptomatic and asymptomatic young adults, suggesting possible directions for individualised symptom-dependent and severity-dependent rehabilitation plans’ optimisation.
44
Gözen, Ali Serdar, Paolo Umari, Walter Scheitlin, Fuat Ernis Su, Yigit Akin, and Jens Rassweiler. "Effectivity of intravescical thermo-chemotherapy prophylaxis for patients with high recurrence and progression risk for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 89, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2017.2.102.
Full textAbstract:
Background&Aim: High grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is common in urological practice. Most of these cancers are or become refractory to intravesical immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Here we evaluated the efficacy of combined local bladder hyperthermia and intravesical mitomycin-C (MMC) instillation in patients with high-risk recurrent NMIBC. Materials and methods: Between February 2014 and December 2015, 18 patients with high risk NMIBC were enrolled. Patients were treated in an outpatient basis with 6 weekly induction sessions followed by monthly maintenance sessions with intravesical MMC in local hyperthermia with bladder wall thermo-chemotherapy (BWT) system (PelvixTT system, Elmedical Ltd., Hod Hasharon, Israel). The follow-up regimen included cystoscopy after the induction cycle and thereafter with regular intervals. Time to disease recurrence was defined as time from the first intravesical treatment to endoscopic or histological documentation of a new bladder tumour. Adverse events were recorded according to CTC 4.0 (Common Toxicity Criteria) score system. Results: Mean age was 72 (32-87) years. 10 patients had multifocal disease, 9 had CIS, 6 had recurrent disease and 2 had highly recurrent disease (> 3 recurrences in a 24 months period). 6 patients underwent previous intravesical chemotherapy with MMC. The average number of maintenance sessions per patient was 7.6. After a mean follow-up of 433 days, 15 patients (83.3%) were recurrence-free. 3 patients had tumour recurrence after a mean period of 248 days without progression. Side effects were limited to grade 1 in 2 patients and grade 2 in 1 patient. Conclusions: BWT seems to be feasible and safe in high grade NMIBC. More studies are needed to identify the subgroup of patients who may benefit more from this treatment.
45
Dror, Amiel A., Nicole Morozov, Amani Daoud, Yoav Namir, Orly Yakir, Yair Shachar, Mark Lifshitz, et al. "Pre-infection 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and association with severity of COVID-19 illness." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): e0263069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263069.
Full textAbstract:
Objective Studies have demonstrated a potential correlation between low vitamin D status and both an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and poorer clinical outcomes. This retrospective study examines if, and to what degree, a relationship exists between pre-infection serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and disease severity and mortality due to SARS-CoV-2. Participants The records of individuals admitted between April 7th, 2020 and February 4th, 2021 to the Galilee Medical Center (GMC) in Nahariya, Israel, with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) were searched for historical 25(OH)D levels measured 14 to 730 days prior to the positive PCR test. Design Patients admitted to GMC with COVID-19 were categorized according to disease severity and level of 25(OH)D. An association between pre-infection 25(OH)D levels, divided between four categories (deficient, insufficient, adequate, and high-normal), and COVID-19 severity was ascertained utilizing a multivariable regression analysis. To isolate the possible influence of the sinusoidal pattern of seasonal 25(OH)D changes throughout the year, a cosinor model was used. Results Of 1176 patients admitted, 253 had records of a 25(OH)D level prior to COVID-19 infection. A lower vitamin D status was more common in patients with the severe or critical disease (<20 ng/mL [87.4%]) than in individuals with mild or moderate disease (<20 ng/mL [34.3%] p < 0.001). Patients with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) were 14 times more likely to have severe or critical disease than patients with 25(OH)D ≥40 ng/mL (odds ratio [OR], 14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4 to 51; p < 0.001). Conclusions Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, pre-infection deficiency of vitamin D was associated with increased disease severity and mortality.
46
Wilske, B., J. Burgheimer, A. Karnieli, E. Zaady, M. O. Andreae, D. Yakir, and J. Kesselmeier. "The CO<sub>2</sub> exchange of biological soil crusts in a semiarid grass-shrubland at the northern transition zone of the Negev desert, Israel." Biogeosciences Discussions 5, no. 3 (May 9, 2008): 1969–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-1969-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Biological soil crusts (BSC) contribute significantly to the soil surface cover in many dryland ecosystems. A mixed type of BSC, which consists of cyanobacteria, mosses and cyanolichens, constitutes more than 60% of ground cover in the semiarid grass-shrub steppe at Sayeret Shaked in the northern Negev Desert, Israel. This study aimed at parameterizing the carbon sink capacity of well-developed BSC in undisturbed steppe systems. Mobile enclosures on permanent soil borne collars were used to investigate BSC-related CO2 fluxes in situ and with natural moisture supply during 10 two-day field campaigns within seven months from fall 2001 to summer 2002. Highest BSC-related CO2 deposition between −11.31 and −17.56 mmol m−2 per 15 h was found with BSC activated from rain and dew during the peak of the winter rain season. Net CO2 deposition by BSC was calculated to compensate 120%, −26%, and less than 3% of the concurrent soil CO2 efflux from November–January, February–May and November–May, respectively. Thus, BSC effectively compensated soil CO2 effluxes when CO2 uptake by vascular vegetation was probably at its low point. Nighttime respiratory emission reduced daily BSC-related CO2 deposition within the period November–January by 11–123% and on average by 27%. The analysis of CO2 fluxes and water inputs from the various sources showed that the bulk of BSC-related CO2 deposition occurs during periods with frequent rain events and subsequent condensation from water accumulated in the upper soil layers. Significant BSC activity on days without detectable atmospheric water supply emphasized the importance of high soil moisture contents as additional water source for soil-dwelling BSC, whereas activity upon dew formation at low soil water contents was not of major importance for BSC-related CO2 deposition. However, dew may still be important in attaining a pre-activated status during the transition from a long "summer" anabiosis towards the first winter rain.
47
Wilske, B., J. Burgheimer, A. Karnieli, E. Zaady, M. O. Andreae, D. Yakir, and J. Kesselmeier. "The CO<sub>2</sub> exchange of biological soil crusts in a semiarid grass-shrubland at the northern transition zone of the Negev desert, Israel." Biogeosciences 5, no. 5 (October 21, 2008): 1411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1411-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Biological soil crusts (BSC) contribute significantly to the soil surface cover in many dryland ecosystems. A mixed type of BSC, which consists of cyanobacteria, mosses and cyanolichens, constitutes more than 60% of ground cover in the semiarid grass-shrub steppe at Sayeret Shaked in the northern Negev Desert, Israel. This study aimed at parameterizing the carbon sink capacity of well-developed BSC in undisturbed steppe systems. Mobile enclosures on permanent soil borne collars were used to investigate BSC-related CO2 fluxes in situ and with natural moisture supply during 10 two-day field campaigns within seven months from fall 2001 to summer 2002. Highest BSC-related CO2 deposition between –11.31 and –17.56 mmol m−2 per 15 h was found with BSC activated from rain and dew during the peak of the winter rain season. Net CO2 deposition by BSC was calculated to compensate 120%, –26%, and less than 3% of the concurrent soil CO2 efflux from November–January, February–May and November–May, respectively. Thus, BSC effectively compensated soil CO2 effluxes when CO2 uptake by vascular vegetation was probably at its low point. Nighttime respiratory emission reduced daily BSC-related CO2 deposition within the period November–January by 11–123% and on average by 27%. The analysis of CO2 fluxes and water inputs from the various sources showed that the bulk of BSC-related CO2 deposition occurs during periods with frequent rain events and subsequent condensation from water accumulated in the upper soil layers. Significant BSC activity on days without detectable atmospheric water supply emphasized the importance of high soil moisture contents as additional water source for soil-dwelling BSC, whereas activity upon dew formation at low soil water contents was not of major importance for BSC-related CO2 deposition. However, dew may still be important in attaining a pre-activated status during the transition from a long "summer" anabiosis towards the first winter rain.
48
Oberoi, Kurun Partap S., Michael T. Scott, Jacob Schwartzman, Jasmine Mahajan, Nell Maloney Patel, Melissa M. Alvarez-Downing, Aziz M. Merchant, and Anastasia Kunac. "Resident Endoscopy Experience Correlates Poorly with Performance on a Virtual Reality Simulator." Surgery Journal 08, no. 01 (January 2022): e80-e85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743517.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Endoscopy training has become increasingly emphasized during general surgery residency as reflected by introduction of the Fundamentals of Endoscopic Surgery (FES) examination, which includes testing of skills on virtual reality (VR) simulators. Although studies exist to assess the ability of the simulator to differentiate between novices and experienced endoscopists, it is not well understood how simulators can differentiate skills among resident cohort. Objective To assess the utility of the VR simulator, we evaluated the correlation between resident endoscopy experience and performance on two VR simulator colonoscopy modules on the GI-BRONCH Mentor (Simbionix Ltd, Airport City, Israel). Methods Postgraduate years 2 to 5 residents completed “easy” and “difficult” VR colonoscopies, and performance metrics were recorded from October 2017 to February 2018 at Rutgers' two general surgery residency programs. Resident endoscopy experience was obtained through Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs. Correlations between resident endoscopy experience and VR colonoscopy performance metrics were assessed using Spearman's rho (ρ) correlation statistic and bivariate logistic regression. Results Fifty-five residents out of 65 (84.6%) eligible participants completed the study. There were limited correlations found between resident endoscopy experience and FES performance metrics and no correlations were found between resident endoscopy experience and binary metrics of colonoscopy—ability to complete colonoscopy, ability to retroflex, and withdrawal time of less than 6 minutes. Conclusion The VR simulator may have a limited ability to discriminate between experience levels among resident cohort. Future studies are needed to further understand how well the VR simulator metrics correlate with resident endoscopy experience.
49
Noel, James, and David Changnon. "A Pilot Study Examining U.S. Winter Cyclone Frequency Patterns Associated with Three ENSO Parameters." Journal of Climate 11, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 2152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-11.8.2152.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Teleconnections were used to link three El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) parameters to winter (December–February) cyclone frequencies over the United States during the 1949–96 period. Since each ENSO event is not exactly the same, small subsets of ENSO events were examined in addition to the more common composite ENSO event. Mean winter cyclone frequencies, derived by counting cyclones passing through 30, 5° latitude equal-area circles located in a grid from 70° to 120°W and 30° to 50°N were determined for classes of El Niños and La Niñas based on 1) the intensity of the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly, 2) the intensity of the Tahiti–Darwin sea level pressure anomaly, and 3) the location of the 28°C isotherm. The average cyclone count for each class of El Niño and La Niña was compared to the average count for winters when no ENSO event occurred. Expected differences in cyclone frequency patterns when comparing an average of all El Niño winters to all La Niña winters were found; however, large pattern differences were also determined when comparing winters with strong El Niños to moderate–weak El Niños and similarly for La Niñas. Significant differences in number of cyclones were found in 8 of 30 circles located in the Pacific Northwest, the Great Lakes, New England, and the Southeast. The differences found in the cyclone frequency patterns for El Niños and La Niñas of different intensities and locations indicated that using a composite of all El Niños or La Niñas may provide misleading information while examination of each of these parameters independently may assist in the preparation of long-range climate predictions.
50
Urkin, Jacob, Ilan Segal, Nurit Barak, and Joseph Press. "Referral Criteria from Community Clinics to Pediatric Emergency Departments." Scientific World JOURNAL 8 (2008): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2008.38.
Full textAbstract:
Referral of patients to a pediatric emergency department (PED) should be medically justified and the need for referral well communicated. The objectives of this paper were (1) to create a list of criteria for referral from the community to the PED, (2) to describe how community physicians categorize their need for referral, and (3) to determine agreement between the physician's referral letter and the selected criteria. We present a descriptive study of referrals to the PED of Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel, during February to April 2003. A list of 22 criteria for referral was created, using the Delphi method for reaching consensus. One or more criteria could be selected from this list for each referral, by the referring community physicians and, independently, based on the physicians' referral letters, by two consultants, and compared. There were 140 referrals included in the study. A total of 262 criteria for referral were selected by the referring community physicians. The criteria most frequently selected were: “Need for same-day consultation/laboratory/imaging result not available in the community” (32.1%), “Suspected life- or organ-threatening infection” (16.4%), and “Need for hospitalization” (15.7%). Rates of agreement regarding criteria for referral between the referring physicians and the two consultants, and a senior community pediatrician and a senior PED pediatrician, were 57.9 and 48.6%, respectively. We conclude that the standard referral letter does not convey in full the level of need for referral to the PED. A list of criteria for referral could augment efficient utilization of emergency department services and improve communication between community physicians and the PED.