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Academic literature on the topic 'Israel. 1949 February 2'

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Published: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Israel. 1949 February 2"

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Zuckerman, Neta S., Efrat Bucris, Yaron Drori, Oran Erster, Danit Sofer, Rakefet Pando, Ella Mendelson, Orna Mor, and Michal Mandelboim. "Genomic variation and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 importation and early circulation in Israel." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): e0243265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243265.

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Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes corona virus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since led to a global pandemic. Importations of SARS-CoV-2 to Israel in late February from multiple countries initiated a rapid outbreak across the country. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 whole genomes were sequenced from 59 imported samples with a recorded country of importation and 101 early circulating samples in February to mid-March 2020 and analyzed to infer clades and mutational patterns with additional sequences identified Israel available in public databases. Recorded importations in February to mid-March, mostly from Europe, led to multiple transmissions in all districts in Israel. Although all SARS-CoV-2 defined clades were imported, clade 20C became the dominating clade in the circulating samples. Identification of novel, frequently altered mutated positions correlating with clade-defining positions provide data for surveillance of this evolving pandemic and spread of specific clades of this virus. SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and mutate in Israel and across the globe. With economy and travel resuming, surveillance of clades and accumulating mutations is crucial for understanding its evolution and spread patterns and may aid in decision making concerning public health issues.
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Christiansen, Charles, and Renee R. Taylor. "In Memoriam: Gary Wayne Kielhofner (February 15, 1949-September 2, 2010)." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20101025-01x.

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I Gede Susila Yuda Putra, Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku, and Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN PERANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS TAWANAN PERANG ANAK PALESTINA OLEH ISRAEL)." Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia 5, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jatayu.v5i2.51618.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) mengkaji dan mengetahui perspektif Hukum Humaniter Internasional terhadap tindakan tentara Israel yang melakukan penyiksaan terhadap tawanan anak Palestina (2) mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap anak korban perang antara palestina dan israel yang dilakukan oleh pihak israel dan sanksi yang dapat diterapkan kepada Israel sebagai pihak yang melanggar ketentuan Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan jenis pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan konsepsual. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan tidak terlepas dari aturan yang ada pada hukum internasional dengan mengkhususkan pada peraturan yang mengatur tentang Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang dilakukan adalah dengan cara menggali kerangka normatif dan teknik studi dokumen menggunakan bahan hukum yang membahas mengenai teori-teori hukum humaniter internasional khususnya Konvensi Jenewa 1949. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) perlindungan yang seharusnya didapatkan oleh anak-anak korban perang ini berupa kehidupan yang layak, seperti mendapatkan asupan makanan yang cukup,pakaian serta perawatan medis dan tempat tinggal yang layak. Sejauh ini yang dilakukan oleh pihak Israel telah melanggar ketentuan hukum humaniter internasional yaitu melanggar HAM yang merupakan tindak kekerasan terhadap anak yang telah dijadikan tawanan oleh pihak Israel. Pihak PBB beserta negara yg terlibat konvensi jenewa 1949 seharusnya bertindak tegas terhadap apa yang dilakukan oleh Israel terhadap tawanan anak tersebut. Tawanan perang wajib mendapatkan jaminan kesehatan. Dalam hal ini Negara yang menahan tawanan perang wajib menjamin pemeliharaan mereka dan perawatan kesehatan yang dibutuhkan oleh mereka. (2) Sanksi yang dapat diterapkan kepada Israel adalah membawa kasus penawanan dan penganiayaan anak ini ke Mahkamah Pidana Internasional agar dapat langsung diinvestigasi dan apabila investigasi ini telah memenuhi yuridiksi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional maka proses pengadilan dapat dijalankan sehingga sanksi yang dapat diterapkan Mahkamah Pidana Internasional yaitu hukuman penjara yang tidak melebihi batas tertinggi 30 tahun, atau hukuman penjara seumur hidup.
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David, Hanna. "Are Christian Arabs the New Israeli Jews? Reflections on the Educational Level of Arab Christians in Israel." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 32 (June 2014): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.32.175.

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In 1949, a year after the establishment of the state of Israel, Christian Arabs consisted of 2.9% of the population in the newly born Israel, and 21.25% of all Arabs living in it.1 In 2010 the rate of Christian Arabs decreased to just 1.8% 2 of the Israeli population, and only ~9.5% of all Arabs holding an Israeli ID3 (Statistics, Israel, 2012, Table 2.2). The tendency of decrease in the rate of Christians in Israel is clear when examining the rate of first grade children in comparison to that of the general population: In the 2010/11 school year Christian Arabs consisted only of about 1.6% of first grade students (Statistics, Israel, 2009, table 8.24) in comparison to their 1.8% rate in the population.
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Dimidjian, Sona. "“TO DO SO MUCH...” NEIL S. JACOBSON: 23 FEBRUARY 1949 – 2 JUNE 1999." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 28, no. 2 (April 2000): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800001107.

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“Most people would welcome the chance to make a tenth of the contribution in any one area”, began Steve Hollon at Neil Jacobson's memorial service in Seattle, Washington this past June. “If you stop and think of the number of different domains to which he has made such a contribution, it really just boggles the mind. And, at the same time to be so beloved by so many people...To do so much – with such grace, with such clarity, and with so much concern and caring for family, for students, for friends – he was absolutely a marvel.”
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Cranmer, Frank. "February–May 2019." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 21, no. 3 (September 2019): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x19000656.

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The Civil Partnerships, Marriages and Deaths (Registration Etc.) Bill, originally introduced by Tim Loughton MP as a private Member's bill in the Commons, received Royal Assent on 26 March and came into force two months after it was passed. Section 1 empowers the Secretary of State to amend by regulations the Marriage Act 1949 to provide for a central register of marriages in England and Wales ‘which is accessible in electronic form’. Section 2 requires the Secretary of State to amend the Civil Partnership Act 2004 so that opposite-sex couples become eligible to form a civil partnership in England and Wales – and the amending regulations must be in force no later than 31 December 2019. Section 3 requires the Secretary of State to report on whether the law should be changed to allow the registration of pregnancy losses which cannot be registered as stillbirths under the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 and section 4 requires the Secretary of State to make arrangements for the preparation of a report on whether, and if so how, the law should be changed to enable or require coroners to investigate stillbirths.
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López-Rodríguez, Guillermo. "Élites parlamentarias y políticas públicas en Israel: Comité de Asuntos Exteriores y Defensa (1949-2021)." Universitas, no. 39 (August 22, 2023): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/uni.n39.2023.01.

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Las élites parlamentarias y su relación con los asuntos de Defensa es una dimensión poco analizada en la literatura académica. Debido a la importancia del poder legislativo en los sistemas democráticos, las Comisiones parlamentarias se configuran como un actor clave en las relaciones civiles-militares de los sistemas políticos parlamentarios. En el caso de Israel, la Knesset constituye un actor central en lapolítica nacional, siendo la Defensa y las Relaciones Exteriores una de las líneas centrales de acción de todos sus gobiernos. Debido a que los perfiles de los representantes pueden ser un input relevante para el proceso político, este artículo desarrolla un análisis en profundidad de los mismos. La investigación analiza cuantitativamente la evolución de los perfiles sociodemográficos y profesionales de los diputados en la Comisión de Defensa y Exteriores de Israel (1949-2021). A partir de los datos biográficos de los representantes, este artículo analiza (1) las características demográficas y formativas de los diputados, (2) la evolución de los perfiles en tramos temporales y (3) analizar la relación entre la evolución del Estado de Israel sobre los perfiles. Los resultados reflejan una preeminencia de los perfiles originarios de zonas urbanas, con estudios superiores y varones de mediana edad. Este artículo presenta futuras líneas de investigación que pueden permitir la conducción de investigaciones comparadas con otros Estados, así como profundizar en el estudio de las relaciones entre poder legislativo y ejecutivo en cuestiones como la Defensa Nacional.
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Bassal, Ravit, Lital Keinan-Boker, Dani Cohen, Ella Mendelson, Yaniv Lustig, and Victoria Indenbaum. "Estimated Infection and Vaccine Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Israel among Adults, January 2020–July 2021." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101663.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Israel in February 2020 and spread from then. In December 2020, the FDA approved an emergency use authorization of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, and on 20 December, an immunization campaign began among adults in Israel. We characterized seropositivity for IgG anti-spike antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 between January 2020 and July 2021, before and after the introduction of the vaccine in Israel among adults. We tested 9520 serum samples, collected between January 2020 and July 2021. Between January and August 2020, seropositivity rates were lower than 5.0%; this rate increased from September 2020 (6.3%) to April 2021 (84.9%) and reached 79.1% in July 2021. Between January and December 2020, low socio-economic rank was an independent, significant correlate for seropositivity. Between January and July 2021, the 40.00–64.99-year-old age group, Jews and others, and residents of the Northern district were significantly more likely to be seropositive. Our findings indicate a slow, non-significant increase in the seropositivity rate to SARS-CoV-2 between January and December 2020. Following the introduction of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in Israel, a significant increase in seropositivity was observed from January until April 2021, with stable rates thereafter, up to July 2021.
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Bar-Yaacov, Nissim. "The Applicability of the Laws of War to Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) and to the Gaza Strip." Israel Law Review 24, no. 3-4 (1990): 485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700010037.

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In her instructive article, Professor Lapidoth discussed, inter alia, the applicability of the laws of war to the territories administered by the Israel Defence Forces since the Six Day War of 1967. Being in full agreement with Professor Lapidoth that from the legal standpoint the situation is in need of improvement, I wish to deal more extensively with two questions: (1) What is the position of the Government of Israel regarding the applicability to Judea and Samaria and to the Gaza Strip of the Hague Regulations of 1907 respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, and of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War? (2) What is the position of the Supreme Court with regard to the applicability of the Regulations and the Convention to these territories.
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Weinberg, Jessica P. "Muhammad Hasan Amara, Politics and sociolinguistic reflexes: Palestinian border villages (Studies in Bilingualism 19). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999. Pp. xix, 261. Hb $87.00." Language in Society 30, no. 4 (October 2001): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501264057.

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Amara begins his study of language variation in Palestinian border villages in Israel and the West Bank with three main premises: (1) researchers have not paid enough attention to the sociolinguistics of what he calls “radical political situations,” of which the Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an example; (2) the connection between macro-sociolinguistic issues, such as language planning and language attitudes, and micro issues, such as variation in use of linguistic structures, has not been explored enough; and (3) socio-political events and changes affect (i.e., change) patterns of use of linguistic structures. On the third point, Amara predicts, “When a society is divided, we should expect to find a reflected linguistic division; when two societies share common cultural or political values, we should expect to find some reflection of this in their languages.” Amara sets out to investigate this prediction for three villages on the border between Israel and the West Bank. Two of the villages, Zalafa and Western Barta'a, are situated in the area of Israel called the “Little Triangle,” which designates an area that Jordan agreed to cede to Israel in the armistice agreement following the Arab–Israeli War of 1948. The armistice line drawn between Israel and Jordan in 1949 divided several Palestinian villages and cities, including Barta'a. The third village in Amara's study, Eastern Barta'a, is situated in the West Bank. Western and Eastern Barta'a were reunited in 1967, when Israel took control of the West Bank.
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Books on the topic "Israel. 1949 February 2"

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Garrod, Charles. Columbia 78 RPM master listing: Chicago, 501-4999, January 12, 1933 to February 2, 1949. Zephyrhills, Fla. (Box 1687, Zephyrhills 34283): Joyce Record Club Publication, 1990.

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Garrod, Charles. Columbia Chicago 78 RPM master listing: Chicago, 501-4999, January 12, 1933 to February 2, 1949. Zephyrhills, Fla. (Box 1687, Zephyrhills 34283): Joyce Record Club Publication, 1990.

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Ḥasan, Khālid. al- Ittifāq al-Urdunī-al-Filasṭīnī lil-taḥarruk al-mushtarak: ʻAmmān 11/2/1985 : fī ḍawʼ al-qawāʻid al-asasīyah lil-qarār wa-al-taḥarruk al-siyāsī : dirāsah siyāsīyah mustaqbalīyah lil-ittifāq. ʻAmmān: Dār al-Jalīl, 1985.

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Thoene, Brock. Thunder from Jerusalem: A Novel of the Struggle for Jerusalem (Thoene, Bodie, Zion Legacy, Bk. 2.). Penguin (Non-Classics), 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Israel. 1949 February 2"

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"Chapter 1. Starting Out, June 1949–February 1950." In Israel and the Question of Reparations from Germany, 13–27. De Gruyter, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110982534-002.

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Morris, Benny. "Israel, the Arabs, and the Great Powers after the 1948 War." In Israel’s Border Wars 1949-1956, 1–27. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198278504.003.0001.

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Abstract The 1948 war officially ended with the signing in the spring and summer of 1949 of a series of ‘general armistice’ agreements between Israel and each of its neighbours (Israel-Egypt–24 February; Israel-Lebanon–23 March; Israel-Jordan–3 April; Israel-Syria–20 July). But, for all practical purposes, the fighting between Israel and Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan had already ended in the summer of 1948; only the war with Egypt continued through the autumn and ended in January 1949. Most of the borders delineated in the armistice accords followed the previous international boundaries (the Israeli-Lebanese border; the Israeli-Syrian border; the Israeli-Jordanian border along the Beit Shean Valley and the ‘Arava; and the Israeli-Egyptian border separating the Negev and the Sinai Peninsula). Other borders (such as along the Gaza Strip) were determined by the situation of the opposing armies when the fighting ended.
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Morris, Benny. "Qibya." In Israel’s Border Wars 1949-1956, 240–76. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198278504.003.0008.

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Abstract In the course of the early 1950s, as strife along the borders continued, two schools of thought emerged in Jerusalem about the proper response to Arab depredations. While the focus of debate between the two was usually the retaliatory policy in general and individual reprisal operations in particular, in more general terms the argument was over the way Israel should deal with the surrounding Arab world. Inevitably, there was also disagreement over relations with the West and the United Nations. Through the mid-1950s, the ‘Activists’ (or Bit’honistim (the security-minded ones)), led by Ben-Gurion (prime minister and defence minister from 1948 until the end of 1953, defence minister from February 1955 until 1963, and prime minister from November 1955 until 1963),
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"Appendix A Arrangements for Klein’s ‘fact-finding’ visit to Israel, North Africa, and Europe (31 July–6 September 1949) and lecture tour (September 1949– February 1950)." In A.M. Klein. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442686502-012.

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May, Gary. "No Peace." In Un-American Activities, 145–58. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195049800.003.0011.

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Abstract To the FBI’s confidential informant in the Commerce Department (an economist named Acree), it must have been a remarkable moment. There, on the corner of 17th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue was William Remington talking to a mysterious woman. After a while, Remington took from his pocket a piece of paper that he gave to the woman, who then hailed a taxi and drove away. On February 6, 1950, Acree informed the FBI, and the next day Inspector Howard B. Fletcher recommended to Assistant Director D. M. Ladd that the Bureau reopen the Remington investigation. “Yes, do so at once,” J. Edgar Hoover ordered; “cover carefully and DISCREETLY.” It seemed to the FBI that William Remington was up to his old tricks, the woman obviously another Elizabeth Bentley. Bureau memoranda on Remington were again captioned, SUBJECT: ESPIONAGE. “I wish an FBI agent were assigned to watch me twenty-four hours a day,” he had told Daniel Lang in 1949. In 1950, Remington’s wish came true. The FBI moved quickly. On February 10, they interviewed Acree about what he had observed. He did not know the woman Remington was seeing but could give them a good description: about thirty-five years old, sharp features, medium height, medium build. Her hair was brown, cut in a masculine bob, and she wore brown horn-rimmed glasses with unusually thick lenses. She also dressed like the FBI’s idea of a Brunette Spy Queen-her body was completely covered by an olive-green Army officer’s military coat, belted and with a hood. Special Agent Lambert Zander, assigned to watch Remington, saw her for himself on March 2, when she and Remington entered the Tally-Ho Restaurant for lunch.
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Conference papers on the topic "Israel. 1949 February 2"

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Veretilnyk, Oleksandr. "Prospects for energy cooperation between the EU and Israel in the light of Israel's aggressive foreign policy in the Middle East." In 26th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2022.19.

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This article presents the results of an analysis of energy cooperation between the EU and Israel, which is aimed at reducing the dependence of European states on Russian energy carriers. The need for getting rid of energy dependence on Russian oil, gas and coal among the EU member states arose after the invasion of Russian troops in Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The Russian-Ukrainian war led not only to the deterioration of Russian-Ukrainian relations, but also to the imposition of Western sanctions against Russia, a country that is the main supplier of energy to the European market. The desire to abandon Russian energy carriers forced the European states to look for new suppliers of oil, gas and coal. One of these suppliers decided to become Israel, which, according to Western human rights activists, is pursuing a policy of apartheid. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cooperation between the European Union and Israel in the field of natural gas supplies from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. During the study, the author came to the conclusion that this cooperation: 1) most likely will not help the countries of the European Union to fully compensate for the reduction in natural gas supplies from Russia; 2) carries risks for the reputation of the European Union as a defender of human rights and freedoms in the world (because Israel continues to pursue an aggressive foreign policy in the Middle East, continues to occupy and annex the territories of neighboring states, build illegal Jewish settlements in the occupied territories11 of Palestine and Syria, conduct apartheid, commit politically motivated assassinations of their critics).
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Reports on the topic "Israel. 1949 February 2"

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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar, and Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.

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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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