Academic literature on the topic 'Isotopes silicium'
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Journal articles on the topic "Isotopes silicium"
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Pierre, G., A. Valentin, and L. Henry. "Étude par transformée de Fourier, du spectre, du silane dans la région de 1000 cm−1. Analyse de la diade ν2 et ν4." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-060.
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A Fourier-transform absorption spectrum of the three silicium isotopes of silane in natural abundance have been recorded from 840 to 1040 cm−1. The line width is 3 × 10−3 cm−1 and the absolute accuracy is estimated to be about 2 × 10−4 cm−1 for non-saturated and non-overlapped lines. The analysis of this spectrum is achieved, using a Hamiltonian, formulated with an irreducible tensorial set in the Td group.For the dyad ν2 and ν4 and for each isotopic species, 30 reduced effective Hamiltonian parameters are determined, giving the line wave numbers with 2.5 × 10−4 cm−1 for 28SiH4, 3.4 × 10−4 cm−1 for 29SiH4, and 5.5 × 10−4 cm−1 for 30SiH4 as the standard deviation for J = 0–20.
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Hendry, Katharine R., Melanie J. Leng, Laura F. Robinson, Hilary J. Sloane, Jerzy Blusztjan, Rosalind E. M. Rickaby, R. Bastian Georg, and Alex N. Halliday. "Silicon isotopes in Antarctic sponges: an interlaboratory comparison." Antarctic Science 23, no. 1 (August 20, 2010): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000593.
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AbstractCycling of deepwater silicon (Si) within the Southern Ocean, and its transport into other ocean basins, may be an important player in the uptake of atmospheric carbon, and global climate. Recent work has shown that the Si isotope (denoted by δ29Si or δ30Si) composition of deep sea sponges reflects the availability of dissolved Si during growth, and is a potential proxy for past deep and intermediate water silicic acid concentrations. As with any geochemical tool, it is essential to ensure analytical precision and accuracy, and consistency between methodologies and laboratories. Analytical bias may exist between laboratories, and sponge material may have matrix effects leading to offsets between samples and standards. Here, we report an interlaboratory evaluation of Si isotopes in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic sponges. We review independent methods for measuring Si isotopes in sponge spicules. Our results show that separate subsamples of non-homogenized sponges measured by three methods yield isotopic values within analytical error for over 80% of specimens. The relationship between δ29Si and δ30Si in sponges is consistent with kinetic fractionation during biomineralization. Sponge Si isotope analyses show potential as palaeoceaongraphic archives, and we suggest Southern Ocean sponge material would form a useful additional reference standard for future spicule analyses.
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Antonelli, Michael A., Tushar Mittal, Anders McCarthy, Barbara Tripoli, James M. Watkins, and Donald J. DePaolo. "Ca isotopes record rapid crystal growth in volcanic and subvolcanic systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 41 (September 23, 2019): 20315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908921116.
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Kinetic calcium isotope effects can be used as growth-rate proxies for volcanic and subvolcanic minerals. Here, we analyze Ca isotopic compositions in experimental and natural samples and confirm that large kinetic effects (>2‰) can occur during magmatic plagioclase crystallization. Experiments confirm theoretical predictions that disequilibrium isotope effects depend mainly on the rates for crystal growth relative to liquid phase Ca diffusivity (R/D). Plagioclase phenocrysts from the 1915 Mount Lassen rhyodacite eruption, the ∼650-y-old Deadman Creek Dome eruption, and several mafic subvolcanic orbicules and plagioclase comb layers from Northern California have disequilibrium Ca isotopic compositions that suggest rapid crystal growth rates (>1 cm/y to 15 cm/y). The Ca isotope results, combined with complementary crystal-size distribution analyses, suggest that magmatic rejuvenation (and eruption) events, as reflected in crystal growth times, can be as short as ∼10−3 y. Although mafic systems are predicted to have shorter magmatic rejuvenation periods, we find similarly short timescales in both mafic and silicic systems. These results are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting that dominantly crystalline volcanic magma reservoirs can be rapidly reactivated by the injection of fresh magma prior to eruption. By focusing on a common mineral such as plagioclase, this approach can be applied across all major magmatic compositions, suggesting that Ca isotopes can be used as a tool for investigating the dynamics and timing of volcanic eruptions.
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Codnia, J., V. D'Accurso, and M. L. Azcárate. "Silicon isotopes enrichment." Anales AFA 27, no. 1 (April 20, 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2016.27.1.35.
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Hendry, K. R., G. E. A. Swann, M. J. Leng, H. J. Sloane, C. Goodwin, J. Berman, and M. Maldonado. "Technical Note: Silica stable isotopes and silicification in a carnivorous sponge \\textit{Asbestopluma} sp." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2014): 16573–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-16573-2014.
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Abstract. The stable isotope composition of benthic sponge spicule silica is a potential source of palaeoceanographic information about past deep seawater chemistry. The silicon isotopic composition of spicules has been shown to relate to the silicic acid concentration of ambient water, although existing calibrations do exhibit a degree of scatter in the relationship. Less is known about how the oxygen isotope composition of sponge spicule silica relates to environmental conditions during growth. Here, we investigate the biological vital effects on silica silicon and oxygen isotope composition in a carnivorous sponge, Asbestopluma sp., from the Southern Ocean. We find significant variations in silicon and oxygen isotopic composition within the specimen that appear related to unusual spicule silicification. The largest variation in both isotope systems was associated to the differential distribution of an unconventional, hypersilicified spicule type (desma) along the sponge body. The absence of an internal canal in the desmas suggests an unconventional silicification pattern leading to an unusually heavy isotopic signature. Additional internal variability derives from a systematic offset between the peripheral skeleton of the body having systematically a higher isotopic composition than the internal skeleton. A simplified silicon isotope fractionation model, in which desmas were excluded, suggests that the lack of a system for seawater pumping in carnivorous sponges favours a low replenishment of dissolved silicon within the internal tissues, causing kinetic fractionation during silicification that impacts the isotopic signature of the internal skeleton. Analysis of multiple spicules should be carried out to "average out" any artefacts in order to produce more robust downcore measurements.
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Wang, Wei, Jiang, Liu, Lei, Lin, and Zhao. "Silicon Isotope Geochemistry: Fractionation Linked to Silicon Complexations and Its Geological Applications." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071415.
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The fundamental advances in silicon isotope geochemistry have been systematically demonstrated in this work. Firstly, the continuous modifications in analytical approaches and the silicon isotope variations in major reservoirs and geological processes have been briefly introduced. Secondly, the silicon isotope fractionation linked to silicon complexation/coordination and thermodynamic conditions have been extensively stressed, including silicate minerals with variable structures and chemical compositions, silica precipitation and diagenesis, chemical weathering of crustal surface silicate rocks, biological uptake, global oceanic Si cycle, etc. Finally, the relevant geological implications for meteorites and planetary core formation, ore deposits formation, hydrothermal fluids activities, and silicon cycling in hydrosphere have been summarized. Compared to the thermodynamic isotope fractionation of silicon associated with high-temperature processes, that in low-temperature geological processes is much more significant (e.g., chemical weathering, biogenic/non-biogenic precipitation, biological uptake, adsorption, etc.). The equilibrium silicon isotope fractionation during the mantle-core differentiation resulted in the observed heavy isotope composition of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE). The equilibrium fractionation of silicon isotopes among silicate minerals are sensitive to the Si–O bond length, Si coordination numbers (CN), the polymerization degrees of silicate unites, and the electronegativity of cations in minerals. The preferential enrichment of different speciation of dissoluble Si (DSi) (e.g., silicic acid H4SiO40 (H4) and H3SiO4− (H3)) in silica precipitation and diagenesis, and chemical weathering, lead to predominately positive Si isotope signatures in continental surface waters, in which the dynamic fractionation of silicon isotope could be well described by the Rayleigh fractionation model. The role of complexation in biological fractionations of silicon isotopes is more complicated, likely involving several enzymatic processes and active transport proteins. The integrated understanding greatly strengthens the potential of δ30Si proxy for reconstructing the paleo terrestrial and oceanic environments, and exploring the meteorites and planetary core formation, as well as constraining ore deposits and hydrothermal fluid activity.
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O’Connor, Liam, Dawid Szymanowski, Michael P. Eddy, Kyle M. Samperton, and Blair Schoene. "A red bole zircon record of cryptic silicic volcanism in the Deccan Traps, India." Geology 50, no. 4 (January 5, 2022): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49613.1.
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Abstract Silicic magmas within large igneous provinces (LIPs) are understudied relative to volumetrically dominant mafic magmas despite their prevalence and possible contribution to LIP-induced environmental degradation. In the 66 Ma Deccan LIP (India), evolved magmatism is documented, but its geographic distribution, duration, and significance remain poorly understood. Zircons deposited in weathered Deccan lava flow tops (“red boles”) offer a means of indirectly studying potentially widespread, silicic, explosive volcanism spanning the entire period of flood basalt eruptions. We explored this record through analysis of trace elements and Hf isotopes in zircon crystals previously dated by U–Pb geochronology. Our results show that zircon populations within individual red boles fingerprint distinct volcanic sources that likely developed in an intraplate setting on cratonic Indian lithosphere. However, our red bole zircon geochemical and isotopic characteristics do not match those from previously studied silicic magmatic centers, indicating that they must derive from yet undiscovered or understudied volcanic centers associated with the Deccan LIP.
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Kozlovskaia, Ol’ga N., Iuliia G. Shibetskaia, Nikolay A. Bezhin, and Ivan G. Tananaev. "Estimation of 226Ra and 228Ra Content Using Various Types of Sorbents and Their Distribution in the Surface Layer of the Black Sea." Materials 16, no. 5 (February 26, 2023): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051935.
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Radium isotopes have traditionally been used as tracers of surface and underground fresh waters in land–ocean interactions. The concentration of these isotopes is most effective on sorbents containing mixed oxides of manganese. During the 116 RV Professor Vodyanitsky cruise (22 April–17 May 2021), a study about the possibility and efficiency of 226Ra and 228Ra recovery from seawater using various types of sorbents was conducted. The influence of seawater flow rate on the sorption of 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes was estimated. It was indicated that the Modix, DMM, PAN-MnO2, and CRM-Sr sorbents show the best sorption efficiency at a flow rate of 4–8 column volumes per minute. Additionally, the distribution of biogenic elements (dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), silicic acid, and the sum of nitrates and nitrites), salinity, and 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes was studied in the surface layer of the Black Sea in April–May 2021. Correlation dependencies between the concentration of long-lived radium isotopes and salinity are defined for various areas of the Black Sea. Two processes control the dependence of radium isotope concentration on salinity: conservative mixing of riverine and marine end members and desorption of long-lived radium isotopes when river particulate matter meets saline seawater. Despite the high long-lived radium isotope concentration in freshwater in comparison with that in seawater, their content near the Caucasus shore is lower mainly because riverine waters meet with a great open seawater body with a low content of these radionuclides, and radium desorption processes take place in an offshore area. The 228Ra/226Ra ratio derived from our data displays freshwater inflow spreading over not only the coastal region, but also the deep-sea region. The lowered concentration of the main biogenic elements corresponds to high-temperature fields because of their intensive uptake by phytoplankton. Therefore, nutrients coupled with long-lived radium isotopes trace the hydrological and biogeochemical peculiarities of the studied region.
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Wiebe, R. A. "Mafic-silicic layered intrusions: the role of basaltic injections on magmatic processes and the evolution of silicic magma chambers." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 87, no. 1-2 (1996): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006647.
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ABSTRACT:Plutonic complexes with interlayered mafic and silicic rocks commonly contain layers (1–50 m thick) with a chilled gabbroic base that grades upwards to dioritic or silicic cumulates. Each chilled base records the infusion of new basaltic magma into the chamber. Some layers preserve a record of double-diffusive convection with hotter, denser mafic magma beneath silicic magma. Processes of hybridisation include mechanical mixing of crystals and selective exchange of H2O, alkalis and isotopes. These effects are convected away from the boundary into the interiors of both magmas. Fractional crystallisation aad replenishment of the mafic magma can also generate intermediate magma layers highly enriched in incompatible elements.Basaltic infusions into silicic magma chambers can significantly affect the thermal and chemical character of resident granitic magmas in shallow level chambers. In one Maine pluton, they converted resident I-type granitic magma into A-type granite and, in another, they produced a low-K (trondhjemitic) magma layer beneath normal granitic magma. If comparable interactions occur at deeper crustal levels, selective thermal, chemical and isotopic exchange should probably be even more effective. Because the mafic magmas crystallise first and relatively rapidly, silicic magmas that rise away from deep composite chambers may show little direct evidence (e.g. enclaves) of their prior involvement with mafic magma.
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Hendry, K. R., G. E. A. Swann, M. J. Leng, H. J. Sloane, C. Goodwin, J. Berman, and M. Maldonado. "Technical Note: Silica stable isotopes and silicification in a carnivorous sponge <i>Asbestopluma</i> sp." Biogeosciences 12, no. 11 (June 5, 2015): 3489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3489-2015.
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Abstract. The stable isotope composition of benthic sponge spicule silica is a potential source of palaeoceanographic information about past deep seawater chemistry. The silicon isotope composition of spicules has been shown to relate to the silicic acid concentration of ambient water, although existing calibrations do exhibit a degree of scatter in the relationship. Less is known about how the oxygen isotope composition of sponge spicule silica relates to environmental conditions during growth. Here, we investigate the vital effects on silica, silicon and oxygen isotope composition in a carnivorous sponge, Asbestopluma sp., from the Southern Ocean. We find significant variations in silicon and oxygen isotopic composition within the specimen that are related to unusual spicule silicification. The largest variation in both isotope systems was associated with the differential distribution of an unconventional, hypersilicified spicule type (desma) along the sponge body. The absence an internal canal in the desmas suggests an unconventional silicification pattern leading to an unusually heavy isotope signature. Additional internal variability derives from a systematic offset between the peripheral skeleton of the body having systematically a higher isotopic composition than the internal skeleton. A simplified silicon isotope fractionation model, in which desmas were excluded, suggests that the lack of a system for seawater pumping in carnivorous sponges favours a low replenishment of dissolved silicon within the internal tissues, causing kinetic fractionation during silicification that impacts the isotope signature of the internal skeleton. Analysis of multiple spicules should be carried out to "average out" any artefacts in order to produce more robust downcore measurements.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Isotopes silicium"
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Coffineau, Nathalie. "Processus contrôlant la distribution des isotopes du silicium dissous (δ30Si) dans l'océan Atlantique et Indien." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0067/document.
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L'utilisation des isotopes du silicium (δ30Si) comme proxy paléocéanographique nécessite une bonne connaissance de la répartition et du devenir des isotopes du silicium à travers l'océan. Au cours des dernières années, des efforts considérables ont été faits pour cartographier la composition isotopique du silicium dissous (acide silicique, DSi) et de la silice biogénique (BSi) dans l'océan. Les diatomées utilisent le DSi pour construire leur frustule fait d’opale (BSi). Durant ce processus, les diatomées discriminent l'isotope lourd de silicium (30Si) en faveur de l'isotope léger (28Si). Ce fractionnement conduit à une BSi qui a un δ30Si inférieur de 1,1 ‰ à 1,5 ‰ par rapport au DSi source. Cela se traduit dans les eaux de surface par de faibles concentrations en DSi en raison de l'utilisation biologique et par des valeurs de δ30Si élevées en raison de la distillation de Rayleigh. Inversement, lorsque la BSi se dissout, il y a une discrimination contre l’isotope lourd et ainsi produit du silicium dissous avec un δ30Si inférieur de 0,55 ‰. Dans le même temps, la circulation océanique et le mélange vertical contribuent à modifier le δ30Si du pool de silicium dissous dans la couche de surface, ce qui complique l'utilisation du δ30Si des diatomées comme proxy pour l’utilisation du DSi durant la saison de croissance. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre les processus qui régissent le cycle du silicium et la signature en δ30Si des masses d'eau dans les différentes régions de l'océan. De nouvelles données de δ30Si de silicium dissous sont présentées et discutées. Ces données proviennent de 6 profiles CTD de la campagne ANTXXIII/9 (Atlantique et secteur indien de l'océan Austral), 7 profiles CTD de la campagne ANTXXIV/3 (secteur Atlantique de l'océan Austral), et 5 profiles CTD de la campagne MSM10/1 (région subtropical et tropical de l’océan Atlantique nord). Les échantillons ont été purifiés par chromatographie échangeuse d'ions après préconcentration par précipitation de Mg(OH)2, et le silicium est extrait en utilisant du triéthylamine molybdate. Les analyses isotopiques ont été réalisées sur Spectromètre de Masse Multi-Collection à source Plasma (MC-ICP-MS, Naptune) à moyenne résolution (Ifremer, Brest)Use of silicon isotopes (δ30Si) as a paleoceanographic proxy requires sound knowledge of the distribution and behaviour of silicon isotopes throughout the ocean. Over the past few years considerable effort has been made to map the silicon isotope composition (δ30Si) of silicic acid (dissolved silicon, DSi) and biogenic silica (BSi) throughout the ocean. Diatoms uptake DSi to build up their opal frustules (BSi). During this process, diatoms discriminate against the heavier isotope of silicon (30Si) in favor of the light isotope (28Si). This fractionation leads to BSi that has a lower δ30Si than the DSi source by 1.1 ‰ to 1.5 ‰. In turn, this results in surface waters with low DSi concentrations due to biological removal, and high δ30Si values due to Rayleigh distillation. Conversely, when the BSi dissolves it is with discrimination against the heavier isotope producing dissolved silicon with a δ30Si lower by 0.55 ‰. At the same time, episodes of upwelling occurring throughout the growing season, ocean circulation and mixing, contribute to modify the δ30Si of the dissolved silicon pool in the surface mixed layer, which complicate the use of diatom δ30Si as a proxy for DSi removal during the growing season. This dissertation aims to better understand the processes driving the Si cycle and the δ30Si signature of water masses in different regions of the ocean. New data of δ30Si of dissolved Si are presented and discussed. These data come from 6 CTD profiles from ANTXXIII/9 campaign (Atlantic and Indian sector of the Southern Ocean), 7 CTD profiles from ANTXXIV/3 (Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean), and 5 CTD profiles from the campaign MSM10/1 (north Subtropical and Tropical Atlantic Ocean). Samples were purified by ion-exchange chromatography following preconcentration via Mg(OH)2 precipitation and extraction of silicon using triethylamine molybdate. Isotopic analyses were carried on a Neptune MC-ICP-MS at medium resolution (Ifremer, Brest)
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Dupuis, Romain. "Calculs réalistes du fractionnement isotopique du silicium et du lithium pour des équilibres impliquant des phases liquides." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2732/.
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Le fractionnement des isotopes est utilisé comme marqueur d'évènements géochimiques pour de multiples applications. Les calculs permettent d'expliquer et de quantifier les mécanismes de fractionnement pour des conditions parfois difficiles à atteindre expérimentalement ; ils permettent de décomposer les mécanismes sous-jacents responsables du fractionnement mesuré. Au cours de cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressés aux isotopes du silicium - dans le quartz, la kaolinite, H4SiO4,aq et H3SiO4,aq - et du lithium - dans Li2O, la polylithionite et Li+ en solution. Nous avons mis en place des approches pour réaliser des calculs réalistes et, si possible, prédictifs afin de comprendre des fractionnements isotopique à l'équilibre impliquant au moins une phase liquide. D'une part, nous avons montré l'importance de la prise en compte du désordre configurationnel dans les liquides. D'autre part, nous avons montré qu'il est crucial de prendre en compte de l'anharmonicité, particulièrement pour l'étude d'un équilibre entre un minéral et une solution. Les résultats présentés dans ce manuscrit sont en bon accord avec les facteurs de fractionnement isotopique mesurés sur des échantillons naturels ou expérimentaux, ce qui met en avant l'intérêt d'utiliser ces nouvelles méthodesPlentiful applications of isotopes recently emerged in geology since the isotopic fractionation properties are markers of geochemical events. With calculations, one can explain and quantify a fractionation mechanism in conditions that can be challenging to achieve experimentally. Therefore, it is possible to decompose underlying mechanisms that lead to a measured fractionation factor. In the course of this study, we were interested in isotopes of silicon - in quartz, kaolinite, H4SiO4,aq and H3SiO4,aq - and of lithium - in Li2O, polylithionite and Li+ in solution. We took up methods that are well suited to perform realists and, if possible, predictive calculations for equilibriums implying at least one liquid phase. This study highlights the importance of the configurational disorder in liquids. We pointed at the necessity to take into account the effects of anharmonicity, in particular for the study of equilibria between a mineral and a solution. Moreover, results showed in this manuscript are in good agreement with the experimental and natural data that have been measured, which features the interest of these new methods
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Kameswari, Rajasekaran Mangalaa. "Silicon biogeochemical cycle along the land to ocean continuum : Focus on Indian monsoonal estuaries." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066713/document.
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Le silicium est le second élément le plus abondant de la croûte terrestre et un nutriment clefs des écosystèmes aquatiques. Il existe de fortes interactions entre Si, le cycle du carbone et les processus biogéochimiques. Cette étude porte sur la variabilité de Si (amorphe-ASi, lithogène-LSi et dissous-DSi) et les isotopes de Si le long du continuum continent-océan. Nous avons étudié la variabilité saisonnière et spatiale de ASi, LSi, DSi et des isotopes dans ~20 estuaires indiens. Nous avons catégorisé les estuaires selon une analyse statistique (PCA et regroupement). Le prélèvement par les diatomées semble être le principal processus contrôlant ASi en saison sèche, surtout au Sud. L’altération et l’érosion contrôlent LSi dans les autres estuaires. En saison humide, l’impact des diatomées n’est pas observé à cause d’une trop forte charge sédimentaire et tous les estuaires sont dominés par les apports lithogéniques. Les compositions isotopiques de Si peuvent tracer les sources de Si et les interactions biogéochimiques. Les résultats isotopiques montrent une différence saisonnière claire avec un impact fort de l’altération aux deux saisons. Les bassins versants du sud-ouest sont très différents des autres bassins du fait de leur topographie et climat. L’impact de l’agriculture et de la couverture forestière est aussi clairement présent dans tous les bassins tandis que la composition isotopique de Si des eaux souterraines résulte d’une combinaison de production et dissolution de minéraux. Ainsi, cette étude montre le rôle prépondérant de l’altération et du type d’argiles formées sur les isotopes de Si, indépendamment des saisons, plutôt que des processus biologiques ou de mélange tels que rapportés précédemmentSilicon is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust and one of the key nutrient in aquatic ecosystems. There are strong interactions of Si with carbon cycle and biogeochemical processes. The present thesis focused on variability of silicon (amorphous-ASi, lithogenic-LSi and dissolved-DSi) and Si isotopes along the land to ocean continuum. We investigated the seasonal and spatial variability of ASi, LSi & DSi and Si isotopes in ~20 Indian estuaries. We categorize the estuaries using statistical analysis (PCA and cluster analysis). Diatom uptake seems to be the main process controlling ASi during dry period, especially in the South. Weathering and erosion control the variability of LSi in the remaining estuaries. Similarly lithogenic supply controls Si during wet period in all estuaries and no impact of diatoms was seen because of high suspended load. Si isotopic compositions trace the Si sources and biogeochemical pathways. The isotopic results exhibit clear seasonal difference with high impact of type of weathering during both seasons. They show that southwest watersheds are very special in terms of weathering regime compared to the other watersheds because of topography and climate. The impact of agriculture and forest cover on Si cycle is also clearly evidenced in all the basins during wet period. We show that groundwater Si isotopic variability results from a combination of dissolution and production of minerals. Overall, this study shows the preponderant influence of weathering and type of secondary clays on Si isotopes irrespective to the seasons, rather than the biological uptake or mixing as reported elsewhere
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Pullyottum, Kavil Sarath. "Isotopic tracing (Si, Ca, Sr, H and O) of biogeochemical processes in Indian groundwater along the land-to-ocean continuum." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS053.pdf.
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Les eaux souterraines forment un système dynamique avec une grande hétérogénéité spatiale et temporelle, et agissent en tant qu'intermédiaire entre les processus de surface dans la zone critique et les fleuves qui apportent les solutés vers l'océan. Des études récentes révèlent que la décharge sous-marine d'eaux souterraines (SGD) est une voie dominante pour l'apport de nutriments aux côtes, dépassant souvent les flux de nutriments fluviaux, formant ainsi une composante importante des cycles biogéochimiques marins. Cependant, les SGD restent négligées dans les bilans de nutriments et sont difficiles à quantifier. Parmi ceux-ci, le silicium (Si) est un nutriment essentiel pour les diatomées, l'un des principaux producteurs primaires des écosystèmes aquatiques. Les bassins versants tropicaux humides avec précipitations saisonnières de mousson, généralement trouvés en Inde, favorisent une altération intense des silicates, ce qui entraîne des flux élevés de Si vers les eaux. Cependant, l'agriculture peut moduler le cycle de Si ce qui nécessite une évaluation plus poussée, notamment dans les eaux souterraines. Cette thèse étudie trois aspects majeurs du cycle de Si dans les eaux souterraines : i) l'impact des modifications de l'utilisation des terres et des précipitations de mousson sur Si dissous (DSi) et la signature isotopique de Si (δ30Si) des eaux souterraines en comparant un bassin versant agricole (Berambadi) et un bassin versant forestier (Mule Hole) à deux saisons, ii) élucider les interactions entre eaux souterraines et eaux de surface dans le plus grand système estuarien de mousson en Inde (Godavari) et, iii) quantifier les flux de Si apportés par la contribution en eaux douces des SGD vers l'Océan Indien grâce à une série d’échantillons d'eaux souterraines côtières. Pour cela, nous utilisons des traceurs isotopiques : isotopes de l'eau et 87Sr/86Sr pour identifier les sources et les mélanges, δ30Si et rapports Ge/Si pour tracer le cycle du Si, et δ44/40Ca pour déterminer l'altération des carbonates. Ce travail a permis d'augmenter la moyenne des δ30Si des eaux souterraines mondiales de 0,49±0,9‰ (1SD, n=66) à 0,81±0,9‰ (1SD, n=224), inférieure aux δ30Si des eaux de rivière et de l’océan. Nous montrons que les signatures δ30Si des eaux souterraines ne sont pas impactées par les modifications de l'utilisation des terres ni la saisonnalité, et sont principalement contrôlées par l'altération des silicates et la formation d'argiles secondaires. Les eaux souterraines présentent généralement un comportement stable avec un équilibre dynamique entre l'apport de Si et la formation de phases secondaires. Les δ30Si issus de l'altération, de l'adsorption et de l'absorption par les plantes qui se produisent dans les horizons peu profonds du sol et du saprolite sont partiellement homogénéisés par l'altération du régolithe dans la zone profonde. Les δ30Si de l'estuaire de Godavari présentent une variabilité saisonnière importante, principalement due aux diatomées et parfois à un apport hétérogène issus des eaux souterraines pendant la saison sèche, alors que l'altération des silicates et la formation d'argiles secondaires dominent pendant la saison humide. L’estuaire est un filtre important pour l’apport en Si à l'océan, en retirant ~15% du DSi total apporté par le fleuve Godavari. Les δ44/40Ca dans l'estuaire (1,3±0,5‰, 1SD, n=16) et ses eaux souterraines (1,6±0,7‰, 1SD, n=15) sont très hétérogènes. Le fractionnement isotopique du Ca, tant dans l'estuaire que dans les eaux souterraines, est principalement dû à la précipitation des carbonates secondaires, un processus qui nécessiterait une étude plus approfondie. Enfin, DSi et δ30Si des eaux souterraines côtières indiennes indiquent que les apports d’eaux douces par SGD contribuent à <1% du flux total de Si apporté par les fleuves ce qui est considéré comme ayant un impact insignifiant sur les budgets océaniques de Si et d'isotopes dans l'Océan Indien NordGroundwater forms a dynamic system exhibiting spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and acts as an intermediate between surface processes occurring in critical zone and the riverine systems, which ultimately delivers solutes from continents to ocean. Recent studies reveal that the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a dominant pathway for nutrient delivery to the coastal ocean, often exceeding riverine nutrient fluxes, thus forming a significant component of oceanic biogeochemical cycling. However, SGD remains overlooked in coastal nutrient budgets and is difficult to quantify given large spatial and temporal variability. Among the elements delivered to the coast through SGD, silicon (Si) forms a key nutrient for diatoms, one of the dominant primary producers in freshwaters, estuary and coastal ecosystems. Tropical humid watersheds with seasonal monsoonal precipitation, commonly found in Indian subcontinent, favors intense silicate weathering resulting in high Si fluxes to surface and groundwaters. However, anthropogenic activities including agriculture and damming can significantly modulate Si cycling and requires further evaluation, particularly in groundwater. The present research investigates three major aspects of groundwater Si cycling: i) the impact of land use alterations (such as agriculture) and monsoon precipitation in groundwater dissolved silicon (DSi) and silicon isotopic signature (δ30Si) by comparing an agricultural (Berambadi) and forested (Mule Hole) watersheds across two seasons, ii) elucidating groundwater-surface water interactions in the largest monsoonal estuarine system in India (Godavari) and, iii) quantify the fresh submarine groundwater derived Si fluxes to Indian Ocean using a series of coastal groundwaters along Indian coastline. We employ multiple isotopic tracers to understand biogeochemical processes in groundwater including water isotopes and 87Sr/86Sr to understand sources and mixing, δ30Si and Ge/Si ratios to trace Si cycling, and δ44/40Ca to decipher carbonate weathering in critical zone. The present work increased the δ30Si average of global groundwater from 0.49±0.9‰ (1SD, n=66) to 0.81±0.9‰ (1SD, n=224), lower than the river water and seawater δ30Si. We show that the δ30Si signatures of groundwater are not impacted by land use alterations and seasonal monsoon, and are primarily driven by silicate weathering and secondary clay formation in soil and saprolite. Groundwater system generally exhibits a steady state behavior with a dynamic equilibrium between Si supply and formation of secondary phases. We conclude that Si isotopic signatures of weathering, adsorption, and plant uptake occurring in the shallow soil and saprolite horizons are partly overprinted and homogenized by the regolith weathering in the deep critical zone. In the second part of the thesis, we study Godavari estuary and adjacent groundwater to discern sources vs. mixing vs. processes along this land-to-ocean interface. The δ30Si signatures of estuary exhibit significant temporal variability, primarily driven by diatom uptake and some heterogeneous groundwater discharge during dry season while silicate weathering and secondary clay formation in the basin dominate during wet season. We note that estuaries can act as significant filters for Si supply to ocean, removing ~15% of the total DSi supplied by the Godavari river. The δ44/40Ca composition in Godavari estuary (1.3±0.5‰, 1SD, n=16) and groundwaters (1.6±0.7‰, 1SD, n=15) are highly heterogenous. The Ca isotopic fractionation in both estuary and groundwater are primarily driven by precipitation of secondary carbonates, a process that would require further study. Finally, the dissolved silicon and δ30Si of coastal groundwater all over India indicates that fresh SGD discharge contributes to <1% of the total Si flux of the rivers and is considered to have insignificant impact on oceanic Si and isotopic budgets in North Indian Ocean
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Zambardi, Thomas. "Recherche de marqueurs de processus de formation des planètes à travers les isotopes stables de masse moyenne." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1309/.
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Cette thèse s'articule autour de l'étude des fractionnements isotopiques du silicium des roches représentatives des parties crustales et mantelliques de différentes planètes du Système Solaire interne. Une méthode d'analyse basée sur la spectrométrie de masse multi collection à source plasma (MC-ICP-MS) a été développée afin de mesurer les signatures isotopiques du silicium des matériaux silicatés avec un niveau d'incertitude permettant de distinguer des fractionnements inférieurs à 0,08‰ pour delta30Si. Les résultats obtenus sur les roches terrestres suggèrent qu'un fractionnement isotopique faible mais significatif intervient au cours de la différenciation magmatique. Les isotopes stables du silicium permettent également d'observer des variations isotopiques significatives entre différents corps planétaires du Système Solaire interne, et montrent que le couple Terre-Lune se distingue des autres planètes par un enrichissement relatif en isotopes lourds. Nos résultats suggèrent que le noyau terrestre a significativement incorporé du silicium, mais ce phénomène ne peut expliquer qu'une partie des fractionnements isotopiques mesurés. Cela signifie qu'au moins un autre processus de fractionnement est intervenu. Une explication possible impliquerait un processus de formation de la Lune par impact géant, qui conduirait à un appauvrissement en isotopes légers du système Terre-Lune par vaporisationThis thesis deals with silicon (Si) isotope fractionations occurring between the bulk silicate parts of various planets in the inner Solar System. An analytical method has been developed using high-resolution multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) that allows measuring Si isotope compositions of silicate materials with an uncertainty better than 0. 08‰ for delta30Si. Terrestrial igneous data reveal small but significant Si isotope fractionation occurring during magma differentiation. Silicon stable isotopes also allow to find significant variations among planetary bodies of the inner Solar System. In particular, Earth and Moon share a common Si isotopic signature, that is slightly heavier than other planetary bodies. Our data suggests that Si entered the Earth's core, but that this process alone can explain only part of the Si isotope fractionation observed. This implies that at least one additional fractionating mechanism has played a role. A possible clue may involve partial vaporisation of Si in the aftermath of a Moon forming giant impact that should have led to a depletion in light Si isotopes of the Earth-Moon system
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Pouységu, Laurent. "Détermination structurale de sucres par RMN 29Si,13C et 31P : expériences INEPT et DEPT associées à des simulations de spectres." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10583.
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UNE METHODE GENERALE DE DETERMINATION STRUCTURALE DES SUCRES PAR RMN 29Si,13C et 31P A ETE DEVELOPPEE. L'EXPLOITATION DES PROPRIETES DES SEQUENCES INEPT (NON REFOCALISE, REFOCALISE-DECOUPLE 1D OU 2D) ET DEPT ETENDU PERMET DE REALISER L'ANALYSE CONFORMATIONNELLE D'HEXOPYRANOSES DIVERSEMENT SUBSTITUES. ASSOCIEES A DES SIMULATIONS DE SPECTRES, CES EXPERIENCES CONDUISENT A LA LOCALISATION DES SUBSTITUANTS SUR LE CYCLE PYRANOSIQUE, AINSI QU'A L'ATTRIBUTION DES ATOMES DE CARBONE CYCLIQUES. UNE PROPRIETE DE COUPLAGE HOMONUCLEAIRE 31P-31P (INTERACTION DE TYPE COORDINATIF) A EGALEMENT ETE OBSERVEE POUR LA PREMIERE FOIS LORS DE L'ANALYSE DE SUCRES PERPHOSPHITYLES.
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Harket, Mouna. "Analyse structurale de sucres par RMN ²⁹Si, ¹³C : utilisation de quelques séquences INEPT et d'un programme de simulation." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10528.
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Une exploitation des proprietes de l'inept ²⁹si et ¹³c, appliquee aux sucres per-trimethylsilyles et permethyles, permet d'effectuer une analyse structurale. Les spectres experimentaux, souvent tres complexes, sont analyses par comparaison avec des spectres calcules. L'attribution des atomes de silicium ou de carbone d'environnement geometrique different est basee sur des proprietes de phase et d'intensite theoriquement previsibles
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Marin, Carbonne Johanna. "Composition isotopique de l'oxygène et du silicium des cherts Précambriens : implications Paléo-environnementales." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL086N/document.
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Les cherts, roches siliceuses, sont souvent considérés comme des marqueurs des conditions environnementales de la Terre primitive. Ces roches sont constituées de quartz sous différentes formes dont le quartz microcristallin ou microquartz est la forme majoritaire. Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier à l'échelle micrométrique les compositions isotopiques de l'oxygène et du silicium des différentes formes de silice dans des cherts d'âges variés, allant de 3,5 à 1,9 Ga afin de mieux comprendre l'origine et le mode de formation de ces roches et d'essayer d'améliorer les reconstructions des températures océaniques du Précambrien. Les mesures isotopiques, réalisées à la sonde ionique ims 1270, ont une précision meilleure que 0,2 ‰ pour le [delta]18O et de l'ordre de 0,3 ‰ pour le [delta]30Si. Ces analyses isotopiques ont été combinées avec l'analyse des éléments traces (B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Fe) avec la sonde ionique 3f, avec une étude pétrographique détaillée du microquartz et avec l'analyse des inclusions fluides des veines de quartz. Le résultat principal est la mise en évidence de grandes gammes de variation du [delta]18O (entre 1 ‰ et 14?‰) et du [delta]30Si (entre 2 ‰ et 5 ‰) à l'échelle micrométrique dans le microquartz. La gamme de variation du [delta]18O a pu être interprétée dans les échantillons datés de 1,9 Ga comme témoignant de l'histoire diagenètique de ces roches. Cette gamme permet, en corrigeant de l'effet de la diagenèse, de reconstruire des températures océaniques à 1,9 Ga entre 37 et 52°C, ce qui laisse suggérer un océan assez chaud au Précambrien si ces échantillons sont représentatifs de conditions globales. Dans le cas des échantillons datés à 3,5 Ga, les variations de [delta]30Si et de concentrations en éléments traces apportent des informations sur les origines variées des cherts. Enfin, l'effet des circulations fluides sur les compositions isotopiques du microquartz a été caractérisé par l'analyse isotopique du [delta]18O et du [delta]30Si et par l'étude des inclusions fluides. Il est démontré que dans certains cas le [delta]18O du microquartz peut être entièrement rééquilibré avec les fluides hydrothermaux ou métamorphiques. L'approche développée dans cette thèse devra dans le futur être appliquée systématiquement à l'étude des cherts aux fins de reconstructions paléo-environnemantalesCherts, which are siliceous rocks, are considered as possible proxies of paleo-environmental conditions of the Early Earth. These rocks contain various forms of quartz, microquartz being the predominant one. The study of oxygen and silicon isotopic composition in the various forms of silica in cherts of different ages, from 3,5 Ga to 1,9 Ga, allowed to better understand the origin and the formation of these rocks and allowed to try to reconstruct paleo-temperatures for Precambrian seawater. Isotopic measurements were obtained with the ims 1270 multicollector ion microprobe with a precision better than 0,2 ‰ for [delta]18O and of ˜ 0,3 ‰ for [delta]30Si. These analyses were combined with the measurement of traces elements concentrations (B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Fe) with the ims 3f ion microprobe, with a petrographical study of microquartz and with the study of fluid inclusions in quartz veins. The major result is the existence at a micrometer scale of a large range of variations for [delta]18O (between 1 ‰ to 14?‰) and [delta]30Si (between 2‰ to 5‰). In the Gunflint cherts, the range of [delta]18O variation has been interpreted as due to diagenesis and has been used to reconstruct oceanic paleo-temperatures. The calculated temperatures range from +37°C to +52°C, suggesting an hot ocean during the Precambrian era if Gunflint cherts are representative of global environmental conditions. The [delta]30Si variations associated with that of trace elements concentrations allow to constrain the various origins of these cherts. The effect of fluid circulations on the isotopic compositions has been characterized by [delta]18O and [delta]30Si analyses and by fluid inclusions study. It is shown that in some cases the [delta]18O value of microquartz can be totally re-equilibrated with the hydrothermal or metamorphic fluids. The approach developed in this thesis will be decisive in future studies of Archean cherts for paleotemperature reconstructions
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Closset, Ivia. "Le cycle biogéochimique du silicium dans l’Océan Austral par les approches isotopiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066124/document.
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La biogéochimie de l’Océan austral joue un rôle crucial dans la régulation de la production primaire marine globale en contrôlant la disponibilité des nutriments dans les eaux de surface des basses latitudes. Les variations du cycle du silicium (Si) sont nombreuses et son couplage avec les autres éléments n’est pas encore bien compris dans cet océan. Les résultats issus de deux approches isotopiques différentes suggèrent qu’une pompe de Si active est rapidement initiée au printemps par la transition d’un mode de production de silice biogénique régénéré à une production dite « nouvelle ». L’évolution saisonnière de la composition isotopique naturelle du Si (δ30Si) est principalement contrôlée par l’équilibre entre les rapports « dissolution/production » et « Si-supply/Si-uptake » qui découplent la dynamique isotopique des réservoirs de Si dissout et particulaire (respectivement DSi et BSi). Nous avons également utilisé les mesures de δ30Si pour retracer les flux saisonniers de BSi vers l’océan profond. Ces résultats confirment que le δ30Si n’est pas altéré durant la sédimentation des particules. L’évolution saisonnière du δ30Si a permis de quantifier pour la première fois certains processus contrôlant la production des diatomées et leur devenir, tels que les évènements de mélange alimentant la ML en nutriments, ou l’évolution saisonnière de la vitesse de sédimentation des particules. Ces résultats confirment que le δ30Si du DSi et de la BSi, combinés aux techniques isotopiques de mesure des flux dans la ML, sont des outils prometteurs dans l’amélioration de nos connaissances du cycle du Si et apportent des informations nouvelles à intégrer aux modèles biogéochimiquesSouthern Ocean biogeochemistry plays a crucial role on global marine primary production by impacting the nutrient availability even in low latitude surface water. Variations in the silicon (Si) cycle are large and its coupling to other nutrient biogeochemical cycles is still not well understood in this ocean. Results of two different isotopic approaches suggested that a strong silicon pump was quickly initiated in spring by a switch from regenerated to new biogenic silica production. The seasonal evolution of natural Si isotopic composition (δ30Si) was mainly driven by the balance between the “dissolution to production” and “Si-supply to Si-uptake” ratios that decoupled the isotopic dynamics of particulate and dissolved Si-pools (DSi and BSi, repectively). We also used δ30Si measurements to track seasonal flows of BSi to the deep sea with. These results confirmed that the δ30Si is well preserved during particles settling. The seasonal evolution of δ30Si signal allows for the first time to quantify important features about the processes controlling the diatoms’ productivity and its fate, such as mixing events that bring nutrient in the ML or the seasonal evolution of particles sinking velocities. These insights confirm that the δ30Si of DSi and BSi, combined to isotopic technics to measure Si fluxes in the ML, are promising tools to improve our understanding on the Si-biogeochemical cycle and provide new constraints for application to biogeochemical models
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Kameswari, Rajasekaran Mangalaa. "Silicon biogeochemical cycle along the land to ocean continuum : Focus on Indian monsoonal estuaries." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066713.pdf.
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Le silicium est le second élément le plus abondant de la croûte terrestre et un nutriment clefs des écosystèmes aquatiques. Il existe de fortes interactions entre Si, le cycle du carbone et les processus biogéochimiques. Cette étude porte sur la variabilité de Si (amorphe-ASi, lithogène-LSi et dissous-DSi) et les isotopes de Si le long du continuum continent-océan. Nous avons étudié la variabilité saisonnière et spatiale de ASi, LSi, DSi et des isotopes dans ~20 estuaires indiens. Nous avons catégorisé les estuaires selon une analyse statistique (PCA et regroupement). Le prélèvement par les diatomées semble être le principal processus contrôlant ASi en saison sèche, surtout au Sud. L’altération et l’érosion contrôlent LSi dans les autres estuaires. En saison humide, l’impact des diatomées n’est pas observé à cause d’une trop forte charge sédimentaire et tous les estuaires sont dominés par les apports lithogéniques. Les compositions isotopiques de Si peuvent tracer les sources de Si et les interactions biogéochimiques. Les résultats isotopiques montrent une différence saisonnière claire avec un impact fort de l’altération aux deux saisons. Les bassins versants du sud-ouest sont très différents des autres bassins du fait de leur topographie et climat. L’impact de l’agriculture et de la couverture forestière est aussi clairement présent dans tous les bassins tandis que la composition isotopique de Si des eaux souterraines résulte d’une combinaison de production et dissolution de minéraux. Ainsi, cette étude montre le rôle prépondérant de l’altération et du type d’argiles formées sur les isotopes de Si, indépendamment des saisons, plutôt que des processus biologiques ou de mélange tels que rapportés précédemmentSilicon is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust and one of the key nutrient in aquatic ecosystems. There are strong interactions of Si with carbon cycle and biogeochemical processes. The present thesis focused on variability of silicon (amorphous-ASi, lithogenic-LSi and dissolved-DSi) and Si isotopes along the land to ocean continuum. We investigated the seasonal and spatial variability of ASi, LSi & DSi and Si isotopes in ~20 Indian estuaries. We categorize the estuaries using statistical analysis (PCA and cluster analysis). Diatom uptake seems to be the main process controlling ASi during dry period, especially in the South. Weathering and erosion control the variability of LSi in the remaining estuaries. Similarly lithogenic supply controls Si during wet period in all estuaries and no impact of diatoms was seen because of high suspended load. Si isotopic compositions trace the Si sources and biogeochemical pathways. The isotopic results exhibit clear seasonal difference with high impact of type of weathering during both seasons. They show that southwest watersheds are very special in terms of weathering regime compared to the other watersheds because of topography and climate. The impact of agriculture and forest cover on Si cycle is also clearly evidenced in all the basins during wet period. We show that groundwater Si isotopic variability results from a combination of dissolution and production of minerals. Overall, this study shows the preponderant influence of weathering and type of secondary clays on Si isotopes irrespective to the seasons, rather than the biological uptake or mixing as reported elsewhere
Books on the topic "Isotopes silicium"
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Duffield, Wendell A. A model to help explain Sr-isotope disequilibrium between feldspar phenocrysts and melt in large-volume silicic magma systems. [Menlo Park, Calif.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Isotopes silicium"
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Friedman, Irving, Jim Gleason, Richard A. Sheppard, and Arthur J. Gude. "Deuterium Fractionation as Water Diffuses into Silicic Volcanic Ash." In Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records, 321–23. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm078p0321.
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"Silicium." In Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques, 619. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-51115-7.00007-3.
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Busby, Cathy J., Rebecca A. Morris, Susan M. DeBari, Sarah Medynski, Keith Putirka, Graham D. M. Andrews, Axel K. Schmitt, and Sarah R. Brown. "Geology of a Large Intact Extensional Oceanic Arc Crustal Section with Superior Exposures: Cretaceous Alisitos Arc, Baja California (Mexico)." In Geology of a Large Intact Extensional Oceanic Arc Crustal Section with Superior Exposures: Cretaceous Alisitos Arc, Baja California (Mexico). Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2023.2560(01).
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ABSTRACT The Rosario segment of the Early Cretaceous Alisitos oceanic arc exposes the transition from upper-crustal volcanic and hypabyssal rocks to middle-crustal plutons, which formed in an extensional environment. The Rosario segment forms a structurally intact, unmetamorphosed, spectacularly well-exposed, gently tilted section that is 50 km long and 7 km deep. The top of the exposed section is unconformably overlain by flat-lying Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks (Rosario Group, described elsewhere), and the base of the section passes downward into ductilely deformed metamorphic rocks (not mapped herein). We divided the Rosario segment into three subsegments: a central subaerial edifice, underpinned by the La Burra pluton; a southern volcano-bounded basin (dominantly shallow marine), underpinned by the San Fernando pluton; and a northern fault-bounded basin (dominantly deep marine), underpinned by the Los Martires pluton. Using a combination of published and new geochronologic data, we infer that the time span represented by the arc crustal section could be as little as 1.7 m.y., dated at ca. 111–110 Ma. Volcanic and plutonic samples show a continuum from basalt/basaltic andesite to rhyolite, are low to medium K, and are transitional tholeiite to calc-alkaline in character. Hf isotopic data from zircons indicate primitive magma, consistent with previously published whole-rock isotopic data. The volcanic stratigraphy can be correlated across all three subsegments using the tuff of Aguajito (Ki-A), a distinctive rhyolite welded ignimbrite that fills the 15-km-wide, >3.6-km-deep La Burra caldera on the central subaerial edifice. Additionally, a second caldera is preserved below the tuff of Aguajito (Ki-A) in the northern fault-bounded basin, floored by a large rhyolite sill complex, up to 700 m thick with a lateral extent of >7 km. Up section from the tuff of Aguajito (Ki-A), there is an abrupt shift to dominantly mafic volcanism that we correlated across all three subsegments of the Rosario segment, dividing the section into two distinct parts (phase 1 and phase 2). The pluton beneath the central subaerial edifice (La Burra) is associated with the caldera that produced the tuff of Aguajito (Ki-A) during phase 1. Plutons beneath the northern fault-bounded basin (Los Martires) and the southern volcano-bounded basin (San Fernando) were emplaced during phase 2. However, we infer that the La Burra pluton, which is associated with the phase 1 La Burra caldera, continued to grow incrementally during phase 2 because it intruded and tilted both phase 1 and phase 2 strata. The Rosario segment escaped postmagmatic deformation, other than gentle tilting (25°–35°) to the west as a single rigid block. The Rosario segment of the Cretaceous Alisitos arc represents an extensional oceanic arc with abundant silicic pyroclastic rocks, culminating in arc rifting with outpouring of mafic magmas. The excellent exposure and preservation provide us with the opportunity to herein describe the following: (1) caldera collapse features and the products of varying explosive eruptive styles; (2) caldera plumbing systems, including silicic sill complexes; (3) the transition from plutons through hypabyssal intrusions to eruptive products; (4) incremental pluton growth and its effects on the structure of the roof rocks; (5) the products of deep-water mafic to silicic eruptions; and (6) flow transformations that occur when hot pyroclastic flows enter marine basins on gentle slopes versus steep slopes. We also used this data set to address questions highly complementary to the work being done on understanding the growth of continental crust at subduction zones. Finally, this volume serves as a model for detailed geologic study of paleo-arcs.
Conference papers on the topic "Isotopes silicium"
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Jain, Prashant. "COMSOL Multiphysics Modeling Results for the Low Enriched Uranium-Silicide Conversion of the High Flux Isotope Reactor." In 20th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-20). Illinois: American Nuclear Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nureth20-40399.
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Hurt, Christopher, Zachary Bacon, Valerie Fudurich, and W. Lowe. "Automated Thermal Hydraulics System Analysis of High Flux Isotope Reactor Low-Enriched Uranium Silicide Dispersion Fuel Designs." In 20th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-20). Illinois: American Nuclear Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nureth20-39995.
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Betzler, B., D. Chandler, G. Ilas, J. Meszaros, and J. Bae. "Neutronic and Thermal-Hydraulic Design Studies for High Flux Isotope Reactor Conversion to Low-Enriched Uranium High Density Silicide Dispersion Fuel." In 2020 ANS Virtual Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t123-33253.
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Banik, Tenley J., Calvin F. Miller, Christopher M. Fisher, Matthew A. Coble, and Jeffrey D. Vervoort. "ISOTOPIC INSIGHTS ON GENERATION OF SILICIC MAGMAS IN ICELAND: CONSTRAINTS ON MAGMATIC-TECTONIC CONTROL AT HAFNARFJALL-SKARÐSHEIÐI VOLCANO." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-317961.
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Foley, Michelle, Benita Putlitz, Lukas Baumgartner, Alexey Ulyanov, and Guillaume Siron. "ISOTOPE CHARACTERISTICS OF A LARGE SILICIC PROVINCE: CRUSTAL VERSUS MANTLE PROCESSES IN THE GENERATION OF THE JURASSIC CHON AIKE PROVINCE (ARGENTINA)." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-367996.
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Ushikubo, Takayuki, Kenichiro Tani, and R. Bastian Georg. "OXYGEN AND SILICON ISOTOPE RATIOS OF ZIRCONS OF SILICIC ROCKS FROM THE IZU-BONIN-MARIANA (IBM) INTRA-OCEANIC ARC AND ARC COLLISION ZONE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-300414.
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Pack, Brenda, Graham D. M. Andrews, Sarah R. Brown, Willis E. Hames, N. Moreno, and Pablo Davila-Harris. "DOUBLE DATING AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF SILICIC LAVAS AND IGNIMBRITES FROM THE SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE (MEXICO): INSIGHTS INTO THE SOURCES AND TIMESCALES OF MAGMA GENERATION IN AN ARC FLARE-UP." In 113th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017cd-292505.
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Geraldes, Mauro, Bruna Almeida, Carlos Sommer, and Antonio Paes de Barros. "The 1800-1770 Ma Colíder silicic large igneous province in the Amazonian craton:Crustal evolution using zircon in situ REE compositions, U-Pb ages and Hf isotope analyses." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.13200.
Full textReports on the topic "Isotopes silicium"
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Betzler, Benjamin, David Chandler, Jin Whan Bae, Germina Ilas, and Jennifer Meszaros. High Flux Isotope Reactor Low Enriched Uranium Low Density Silicide Fuel Design Parameters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1773657.
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Hartanto, Donny, David Chandler, Jin Whan Bae, Benjamin Betzler, Kevin Burg, and Carol Sizemore. Uncertainty Quantification of Fuel Inhomogeneity in High Flux Isotope Reactor Low-Enriched Uranium Silicide Core. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2217008.
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Hess, Emily. Strontium, Lead, and Oxygen Isotopic Signatures of Mid-Miocene Silicic Volcanism in Eastern Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2077.
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