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Journal articles on the topic 'Isotonic training'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Kean, David J., Leonard O. Greninger, and James Rankin. "Isokinetic Training, Isotonic Training And Strength Development." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-01256.

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Kean, David J., Leonard O. Greninger, and James Rankin. "Isokinetic Training, Isotonic Training And Strength Development." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-01256.

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3

Azeem, Kaukab, and Erika Zemková. "Effects of Isometric and Isotonic Training on Health-Related Fitness Components in Young Adults." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 8682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178682.

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Isometric and isotonic exercises are important modes of resistance training for enhancement of athletic performance. However, less is known about their effects on fitness and health in recreationally physically active individuals. This study evaluates the effect of isometric and isotonic training protocols on health-related fitness components in young university students. A group of one hundred males (18–24 years) underwent a 12-week isotonic and isometric training program (two days per week, 45 min per session). They were randomized into two groups, group A (n = 50) and group B (n = 50). While group A underwent the isotonic resistance training, the group B completed isometric resistance training. Prior to and after training programs, body mass index (BMI) was measured and the bench press 1RM test, sit-ups test, sit and reach test, and 12 min run/walk test were performed. Results showed significant improvements in BMI, bench press 1RM test, sit-ups test, sit and reach test, and 12 min run/walk test after both isotonic and isometric training protocols. The isotonic training group increased in BMI by 2.70%, bench press 1RM by 34.45%, number of sit-ups by 24.13%, sit and reach distance by 29.12%, and 12 min run/walk distance by 19.82%. Isometric training group increased in BMI by 1.96%, bench press 1RM by 14.23%, number of sit-ups by 7.80%, sit and reach distance by 6.92%, and 12 min run/walk distance by 6.99%. A comparison of these training protocols revealed that the isotonic group improved significantly more than the isometric group in the bench press 1RM (20.22%), number of sit-ups (16.33%), and sit and reach distance (22.2%) but not in the 12 min run/walk distance (12.83%) and BMI (0.74%). These findings indicate that both isotonic and isometric resistance training protocols improve health-related fitness components in young adults; however isotonic training is more efficient than isometric training in increasing their muscle strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility.

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Muramatsu, Shigeru. "Comparison between isokinetic and isotonic trainings with equivalent training doses." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 30, no. 3 (1985): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003392211.

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5

Ketelhut, Maike, Fabian Göll, Björn Braunstein, Kirsten Albracht, and Dirk Abel. "Comparison of Different Training Algorithms for the Leg Extension Training with an Industrial Robot." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0005.

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AbstractIn the past, different training scenarios have been developed and implemented on robotic research platforms, but no systematic analysis and comparison have been done so far. This paper deals with the comparison of an isokinematic (motion with constant velocity) and an isotonic (motion against constant weight) training algorithm. Both algorithms are designed for a robotic research platform consisting of a 3D force plate and a high payload industrial robot, which allows leg extension training with arbitrary six-dimensional motion trajectories. In the isokinematic as well as the isotonic training algorithm, individual paths are defined i n C artesian s pace by sufficient s upport p oses. I n t he i sotonic t raining s cenario, the trajectory is adapted to the measured force as the robot should only move along the trajectory as long as the force applied by the user exceeds a minimum threshold. In the isotonic training scenario however, the robot’s acceleration is a function of the force applied by the user. To validate these findings, a simulative experiment with a simple linear trajectory is performed. For this purpose, the same force path is applied in both training scenarios. The results illustrate that the algorithms differ in the force dependent trajectory adaption.

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Cheng, Yuan-Yang, Chuan-Ching Liu, Shih-Yi Lin, Cheng-Hung Lee, Shin-Tsu Chang, and Shun-Ping Wang. "Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects Between Isokinetic and Isotonic Strength Training in Patients After Total Knee Replacement: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 232596712211058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221105852.

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Background: Rebuilding the strength of the quadriceps as soon as possible after total knee replacement (TKR) is important so as to restore gait stability. To date, there are no standard postoperative strength training programs during the early recovery stage after TKR. Purpose: To compare the therapeutic effects between isokinetic and isotonic strengthening in patients after TKR. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: From April 2018 to August 2020, 37 patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to perform either 4-week isokinetic or isotonic strength training programs. Other components of the rehabilitation program were kept the same between the 2 groups. All cases were evaluated by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, peak torque of knee extension and flexion (60 and 120 deg/s), 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: After undergoing a 4-week strength training regimen, significant improvements in the TUG test were noted in both groups; however, the time improvement in the isotonic group did not reach the minimal detectable change. All peak torque measurements improved in the isokinetic group but not in the isotonic group for knee flexion at 60 deg/s. The pain subdomain, physical domain, mental domain, total SF-36 score, and WOMAC index all improved significantly in both groups after training. Both training groups improved significantly in peak torque of knee strength, TUG test, and functional scores, but the differences between isokinetic and isotonic training were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study findings showed that a 4-week strengthening exercise program in the early postoperative stage, involving either isokinetic or isotonic training, resulted in significant improvements in patients undergoing TKR. Registration: NCT02938416 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).

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Guilhem, Gaël, Christophe Cornu, and Arnaud Guével. "A Methodologic Approach for Normalizing Angular Work and Velocity During Isotonic and Isokinetic Eccentric Training." Journal of Athletic Training 47, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.2.125.

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Context: Resistance exercise training commonly is performed against a constant external load (isotonic) or at a constant velocity (isokinetic). Researchers comparing the effectiveness of isotonic and isokinetic resistance-training protocols need to equalize the mechanical stimulus (work and velocity) applied. Objective: To examine whether the standardization protocol could be adjusted and applied to an eccentric training program. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Controlled research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-one sport science male students (age = 20.6 ± 1.5 years, height = 178.0 ± 4.0 cm, mass = 74.5 ± 9.1 kg). Intervention(s): Participants performed 9 weeks of isotonic (n = 11) or isokinetic (n = 10) eccentric training of knee extensors that was designed so they would perform the same amount of angular work at the same mean angular velocity. Main Outcome Measure(s): Angular work and angular velocity. Results: The isotonic and isokinetic groups performed the same total amount of work (−185.2 ± 6.5 kJ and −184.4 ± 8.6 kJ, respectively) at the same angular velocity (21 ± 1°/s and 22°/s, respectively) with the same number of repetitions (8.0 and 8.0, respectively). Bland-Altman analysis showed that work (bias = 2.4%) and angular velocity (bias = 0.2%) were equalized over 9 weeks between the modes of training. Conclusions: The procedure developed allows angular work and velocity to be standardized over 9 weeks of isotonic and isokinetic eccentric training of the knee extensors. This method could be useful in future studies in which researchers compare neuromuscular adaptations induced by each type of training mode with respect to rehabilitating patients after musculoskeletal injury.

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Nakatani, Shintaro, Takashi Hoshikuma, Naoki Churiki, Isamu Kodani, and Shin-Ichiro Nishida. "An Isotonic Training System for Tongue Rehabilitation." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 138, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.138.1453.

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Greenleaf, J. E., E. M. Bernauer, A. C. Ertl, T. S. Trowbridge, and C. E. Wade. "Work capacity during 30 days of bed rest with isotonic and isokinetic exercise training." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 5 (November 1, 1989): 1820–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.1820.

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The purpose was to test the hypothesis that twice daily, short-term, variable intensity isotonic and intermittent high-intensity isokinetic leg exercise would maintain peak O2 uptake (VO2) and muscular strength and endurance, respectively, at or near ambulatory control levels during 30 days of -6 degrees head-down bed rest (BR) deconditioning. Nineteen men (aged 32-42 yr) were divided into no exercise control (peak VO2 once/wk, n = 5), isokinetic (Lido ergometer, n = 7), and isotonic (Quinton ergometer, n = 7) groups. Exercise training was conducted in the supine position for two 30-min periods/day for 5 days/wk. Isotonic training was at 60-90% of peak VO2, and isokinetic training (knee flexion-extension) was at 100 degrees/s. Mean (+/- SE) changes (P less than 0.05) in peak VO2 (ml.m-1.kg-1) from ambulatory control to BR day 28 were 44 +/- 4 to 36 +/- 3, -18.2% (3.27-2.60 l/m) for no exercise, 39 +/- 4 to 40 +/- 3, +2.6% (3.13-3.14 l/min) for isotonic, and 44 +/- 3 to 40 +/- 2, -9.1% (3.24-2.90 l/min) for isokinetic. There were no significant changes in any groups in leg peak torque (right knee flexion or extension), leg mean total work, arm total peak torque, or arm mean total work. Mean energy costs for the isotonic and isokinetic exercise training were 446 kcal/h (18.8 +/- 1.6 ml.min-1.kg-1) and 214 kcal/h (8.9 +/- 0.5 ml.m-1.kg-1), respectively. Thus near-peak, variable intensity, isotonic leg exercise maintains peak VO2 during 30 days of BR, while this peak, intermittent, isokinetic leg exercise protocol does not.

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KOVALESKI, JOHN E., ROBERT H. HEITMAN, TERRY L. TRUNDLE, and WILLIAM F. GILLEY. "Isotonic preload versus isokinetic knee extension resistance training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, no. 6 (June 1995): 895???899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199506000-00015.

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11

Malar, B., R. Nadarajan, and J. Gowri Thangam. "A hybrid isotonic separation training algorithm with correlation-based isotonic feature selection for binary classification." Knowledge and Information Systems 59, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 651–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-018-1226-6.

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Golik-Peric, Dragana, Miodrag Drapsin, Borislav Obradovic, and Patrik Drid. "Short-Term Isokinetic Training Versus Isotonic Training: Effects on Asymmetry in Strength of Thigh Muscles." Journal of Human Kinetics 30, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-011-0070-5.

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Short-Term Isokinetic Training Versus Isotonic Training: Effects on Asymmetry in Strength of Thigh MusclesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two training protocols on the isokinetic performance of athletes. The study was conducted in 38 athletes, (age 23.3 ± 3.6 years) participating in national level leagues of different sports, whose initial concentric hamstrings-to-quadriceps (conH/Q) torque ratio was lower than 0.5. During seasonal testing, an isokinetic measurement of knee extensors and flexors was performed at 60º/s. The athletes were divided into two groups. Nineteen athletes performed the isokinetic training protocol (IT) while the second group of 19 athletes followed the isotonic training protocol (RT). Both protocols lasted 4 weeks. After completing the training protocols, both groups underwent a final isokinetic testing. The isokinetic data revealed significant increases after training in measures of peak torque in both extensor and flexor muscle groups, in both the IT and RT study groups (p < 0.05). There were significant increases (p< 0.05) in conH/Q ratio in both groups after the implemented protocols, but greater in IT group. Consequently, applied IT protocol induced changes in working muscles, thereby restoring detected asymmetry to an acceptable balance more efficiently compared to RT protocol.

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Fedyakin, Alexander A., Zhanna G. Kortava, Lidia K. Fedyakina, and Natalia Yu Zaplatina. "Effect of different training modes of strength exercises on a student’s body." Physical education of students 24, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2020.0304.

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Background and Study Aim. Scientific-methodical literature underlined the importance of improving the effectiveness of physical education’s tools and methods during the scheduled university lessons. Scientists point out the necessity to take into account every factor determining the training effect of lessons with strength exercises. The immediate training effect can be determined by measuring the heart rate during different modes of strength exercises and during recovery. The aim of this study is to analyse the strength exercises’ immediate training effect on a student’s body in the static mode and in the isotonic mode. Material and Methods. In the study participated 47 freshman male students of the Sochi State University (Russia). The study took place in September-December 2019. Heart rate was measured with Sport Testers POLAR RS-400 during strength exercises and during recovery. The results were analysed in the computer programme SPSS Statistics v22.0. Statistical significance of the results was defined using non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Heart rate was analysed during four types of plank positions in static and isotonic modes. Results: The study determined the effect of different training modes of strength exercises on a student’s body. The immediate training effect of doing the bodyweight strength exercises in the isotonic mode compared to the static mode is characterised by a higher maximum heart rate at the end of doing the exercise (р<0,05); a higher average heart rate during the exercise and during rest until the next exercise (р<0,05); a higher combined heart rate (р<0,05). Conclusion: The isotonic mode of the bodyweight strength exercises has a more prominent training effect than the static mode due to the specific nature of muscle contractions. Due to analysed heart rate values, the authors recommend taking into account the individual level of every student’s physical fitness.

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Syahputra, Irwan, and Nurwijayanti Nurwijayanti. "Effect of Isometric and Isotonic Exercise Program on Increased Strength of Quardriceps Muscles in Osteoarthritis Patients in Singgasana Rama Physiotherapy Clinic Blitar." Journal for Quality in Public Health 5, no. 1 (November 9, 2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jqph.v5i1.246.

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Background: Osteoarthritis is a disease of the joints that can cause disability and is progressive in the joints which cause changes in the water content, proteoglycin content, and collagen in the joints. One of the ways to improve functional ability in osteoarthritis cases is to use isotonic and isometric training exercise. Pain is a clinical symptom of knee osteoarthritis, limiting movement due to pain over time will cause rehabilitation problems such as impaired flexibility and stability, reduction of muscle mass (atrophy). Mild and moderate intensity quadriceps strength training is effective at achieving optimal muscle strength and function without causing significant muscle damage. Destination: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of isotonic and isometric exercises on muscle strength. Research methods: This study uses a pre-experimental research type using "One Group Pre - test and Post - Test". This research has carried out the first observation (pretest) so that researchers can test the changes that occur after the treatment, and the control group. Result: with the Wilcoxon signed rank test test the isometric and isotonic groups had p = 0.000 while the control group had a significance value of p = 1,000; and the 3 groups test has different values, namely: isotonic exercise has a value of 27.67; isometric; 28.60; and control 12.73. The conclusion that can be concluded that the value of isometric training has the highest value, namely 28.60 which means it is the most effective exercise to increase the value of Manual Muscle Testing. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving isometric and isotonic exercises in strengthening the quadriceps muscles.

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Kasnia, Dr Shamsher. "Effect of isometric and isotonic training on explosive strength." International Journal of Applied Research 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/allresearch.2022.v8.i6f.9898.

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Kovaleski, J. E., R. J. Heitman, and T. L. Trundle. "65 ISOTONIC PRELOAD VERSUS ISOKINETIC KNEE EXTENSION RESISTANCE TRAINING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, Supplement (May 1994): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199405001-00066.

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Wojtys, Edward M., Laura J. Huston, Paul D. Taylor, and Steven D. Bastian. "Neuromuscular Adaptations in Isokinetic, Isotonic, and Agility Training Programs." American Journal of Sports Medicine 24, no. 2 (March 1996): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354659602400212.

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Ugelta, Surdiniaty, Tono Haryono, Upik Rahmi, Nina Sutresna, Asti Dewi Rahayu Fitrianingsih, and Ahmad Zaeri Sya'rani. "Effects of Weight Training with Aerobic Glycolysis System (CHO) Reference on Waist Circumference." COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v14i1.24763.

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Physical fitness or fitness center and gymnastics studio as a business event, to improve the quality of human life through community sports. Maintain, maintain, and improve health, by using the facilities and infrastructure offered at the fitness center such as free weight equipment, and weight training. The aim is to see the results of weight training (free weight) through the analysis of the aerobic glycolysis system (CHO) on waist circumference. The treatment was given weight training with a duration of one minute (1 minute), using isotonic contractions, performed with 3 repetitions of sets, each set resting 30 seconds. Does it have a significant effect on the waist circumference of the perpetrator? The research method uses a one-Group Pretest-Posttest design. Isotonic exercise affects waist circumference.

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Majiwala, Bijal, Trupti Warude, and Amrutkuvar Pawar. "EFFECT OF ISOMETRIC AND ISOTONIC EXERCISE TRAINING ON CORE MUSCLE IN SUBJECTS WITH NON SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.17714.

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Objective: To compare the effects of isometric (stability) and isotonic training on core muscle in patients with non-specific low back pain on pain, endurance, and functional disability.Methods: Forty participants of both genders aged between 20 and 35 years suffering from non-specific low back pain were taken and equally divided into two groups: Group A isometric exercise and Group B isotonic exercise, both the group received baseline treatment of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and hot moist pack. Outcomes measure visual analog scale, endurance test, and modified Oswestry disability index were used the pre-treatment and at the end of 4 weeks.Results: Experiment of both the groups showed a non-significant improvement in pain, endurance, and functional disability. Except for extensor endurance test which shows significant different in Group A.Conclusion: Both isometric and isotonic exercises are equally effective in reducing pain, increase endurance, and improve functional disability in patients with non-specific low back pain.

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Hatta, Muhammad, Hardhono Susanto, and M. Zen Rahfilludin. "Perbandingan pemberian air kelapa muda (cocos nucifera l) dengan isotonik terhadap denyut nadi dan VO2maks atlet remaja." Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jgi.4.2.71-81.

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Background: Football players requires a high level of VO2max which is influenced by the available of energy. Tender coconut water and branded isotonic are as energy drinks containing of carbohydrates and the body’s electrolyte ions that can prevent dehydration. The increasing pulse describes a the condition of dehydrated players during match or training. Objective: To Examine comparison of tender hybrid coconut water and branded isotonic to pulse and the plyer’s level of VO2max in the Diponegoro University Football School in Tembalang, Semarang. Methods: Experimental study with an approach of randomized pretest - post test control group design at 41 soccer’s player aged 13-15 years at Diponegoro University Football School Tembalang in August 2015. The treatment group consumed consumed 250 mL tender coconut water (n=13) and branded isotonic (n=14) and group control consumed mineral water (n=14) every 15-30 minutes for 5 times. Observation pre test and post test 1,2,3 with interval of 3 day after physical training, athlets test the pulse to palpation techniques for 15 seconds and VO2max test with multistage fitness test. Result: The VO2max and pulse recovery in the beginning of research for 3 group was similar (p = 0,454 and p = 0,294). Post test 1 VO2max on three group are same (p = 0,841) but the recovery pulse is better on the group of tender coconut water and branded isotonic (p = 0.006). Post test 2, VO2max and recovery pulse is more good by players who were given tender hybrid coconut water and branded isotonic (p = 0,004 and p = 0,017), as the same post test 3 VO2max and recovery pulse (p = 0.000 and p = 0,004).Conclusion: Giving the tender hybrid coconut water and branded isotonic to same to recovery pulse and increased VO2maks on athlete school football diponegoro unversity

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Maietta Latessa, P., I. Corazza, C. Ravaioli, S. Zannoli, R. Zannoli, and C. Tentoni. "Performance monitoring during isotonic leg training and analysis of movement." Sport Sciences for Health 2, no. 2 (December 2007): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11332-007-0039-x.

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Jackson, Allen, Timothy Jackson, Jan Hnatek, and Jane West. "Strength Development: Using Functional Isometrics in an Isotonic Strength Training Program." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 56, no. 3 (September 1985): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1985.10605368.

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Décombaz, J., B. Gmünder, N. Daget, R. Munoz-Box, and H. Howald*. "Acceptance of Isotonic and Hypotonie Rehydrating Beverages by Athletes during Training." International Journal of Sports Medicine 13, no. 01 (January 1992): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021232.

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Remaud, Anthony, Christophe Cornu, and Arnaud Guével. "Neuromuscular adaptations to 8-week strength training: isotonic versus isokinetic mode." European Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 1 (September 16, 2009): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1164-9.

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Parr, Jeffrey J., Joshua F. Yarrow, Carolyn M. Garbo, and Paul A. Borsa. "Symptomatic and Functional Responses to Concentric-Eccentric Isokinetic Versus Eccentric-Only Isotonic Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.5.462.

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Abstract Context: Rehabilitation protocols involving eccentric resistance exercise performed with loading more than 100% concentric 1-repetition maximum are effective in increasing muscle function in both healthy and injured populations. The mode of eccentric exercise (isokinetic versus isotonic) may be an important factor in limiting symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness and in improving muscle function after training. Objective: To compare functional and symptomatic responses after an eccentric-only (ECC) isotonic exercise protocol and after a combined concentric-eccentric (CON-ECC) isokinetic exercise protocol matched for total exercise volume. Design: Observational study. Setting: Controlled research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-four healthy, untrained, college-aged men (n = 12) and women (n = 12). Intervention(s): Participants were randomly assigned to the ECC isotonic or CON-ECC isokinetic exercise group and performed a single bout of resistance exercise involving the elbow flexors. Main Outcome Measure(s): Measurements of elbow flexion and extension, isometric strength, and muscle point tenderness were obtained before exercise (baseline) and during follow-up sessions (days 2, 4, 7, and 14). Separate 1-way analyses of variance and repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to determine outcome differences. Tukey post hoc testing was performed when indicated. Results: At baseline, no differences were present between groups for any measure. The ECC isotonic exercise protocol resulted in a 30% to 36% deficit in muscle strength, a 5% to 7% reduction in elbow flexion, and a 6% to 8% reduction in elbow extension at follow-up days 2 and 4 (P < .01). The CON-ECC isokinetic exercise protocol did not alter muscle strength or range of motion at any time when compared with baseline. Muscle point tenderness increased from baseline on days 2 and 4 in both groups (P < .05) but was not different between groups throughout the recovery period. Conclusions: Our results indicated more pronounced functional deficits occurred after a single bout of ECC isotonic exercise than with a CON-ECC isokinetic exercise protocol matched for training volume.

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Fransiska Wijaya, Johanna, Djamin Katarino, and Corry Ida Hinaya Zaluku. "Differences In Isotonic Beverages Compared to Mineral Water on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Sodium in Students of The Faculty of Nursing Universitas Prima Indonesia Underwriting Circuit Training." International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) 3, no. 3 (January 3, 2023): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijhp.v3i3.180.

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Circuit training is a training system that can simultaneously improve the overall fitness of the body, namely the elements of power, endurance, strength, agility, speed, and other components of physical condition. This research is an experimental research Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sample in this study were students of the Faculty of Nursing at Prima Indonesia University. The sample numbered 20 people, divided into 2 groups and none of them withdrew. Data processing using the SPSS program version 23. Research time was Wednesday, 14 August 2019 to Monday, 19 August 2019. The results showed that the participants who were given isotonic fluids experienced a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) and heart rate (p<0.05) on the first and second days due to body adaptation, while on the third to fifth day the decrease did not occur. significant (p>0.05). There was a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) and heart rate (p<0.05) in participants who were given mineral water. Giving isotonic fluids or minerals does not affect diastolic blood pressure. However, there was an increase in blood sodium levels (p<0.05) in participants who were given isotonic fluids, while in participants who were given mineral water there was a decrease in blood sodium levels (p<0.05).

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Moss, Crayton L., and Scott Grimmer. "Strength and Contractile Adaptations in the Human Triceps Surae after Isotonic Exercise." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 2, no. 2 (May 1993): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2.2.104.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether twitch contractile properties and strength of the triceps surae could be altered by 8 weeks of low-repetition or high-repetition isotonic exercise. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the low- or high-repetition group. Before- and after-training measurements were recorded for strength and contractile properties. The contractile variables of the muscle twitch were latency, time to peak force, peak force, half-contraction time, and half-relaxation time. Strength measurements were determined utilizing a one repetition maximal (1-RM) heel-raise testing device. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to test the effect of training on each variable. Both groups showed a significant increase in 1-RM and half-relaxation time and a decrease in electrical stimulation current after the 8-week training period. It was concluded that if high-repetition exercises develop slow-twitch Type I muscle fibers and low-repetition exercises develop fast-twitch Type II fibers, training programs must be designed specifically according to the desired outcome.

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Flipse, D., J. Signorile, R. Wills, A. Perry, I. Lowensteyn, J. Caruso, B. Robertson, and K. Burnett. "721 INCREASED MUSCULAR PERFORMANCE IN THE ELDERLY WITH MODERATE SPEED ISOTONIC TRAINING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 25, Supplement (May 1993): S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199305001-00723.

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Crawford, M. H., M. A. Petru, and C. Rabinowitz. "Effect of isotonic exercise training on left ventricular volume during upright exercise." Circulation 72, no. 6 (December 1985): 1237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.72.6.1237.

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Capelli, Carlo, Gabriela F. De Roia, Federico F. Schena, and Silvia Pogliaghi. "Isotonic Training added to Aerobic Training And Heavy Warm-up:effect On Muscle Oxidative Metabolism In The Elderly." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (May 2010): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000386533.53362.e3.

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Bartolomé, Ignacio, Jesús Siquier-Coll, Mario Pérez-Quintero, María Concepción Robles-Gil, Diego Muñoz, and Marcos Maynar-Mariño. "Effect of Handgrip Training in Extreme Heat on the Development of Handgrip Maximal Isometric Strength among Young Males." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105240.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and adaptive effects of passive extreme heat (100 ± 3 °C) exposition in combination with a strength training protocol on maximal isometric handgrip strength. Fifty-four untrained male university students participated in this investigation. Twenty-nine formed the control group (NG) and 25 the heat-exposed group (HG). All the participants performed a 3-week isotonic handgrip strength training program twice a week with a training volume of 10 series of 10 repetitions with 45-s rest between series, per session. All the subjects only trained their right hand, leaving their left hand untrained. HG performed the same training protocol in hot (100 ± 3 °C) conditions in a dry sauna. Maximal isometric handgrip strength was evaluated each training day before and after the session. NG participants did not experience any modifications in either hand by the end of the study while HG increased maximal strength values in both hands (p < 0.05), decreased the difference between hands (p < 0.05), and recorded higher values than the controls in the trained (p < 0.05) and untrained (p < 0.01) hands after the intervention period. These changes were not accompanied by any modification in body composition in either group. The performance of a unilateral isotonic handgrip strength program in hot conditions during the three weeks induced an increase in maximal isometric handgrip strength in both hands without modifications to bodyweight or absolute body composition.

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Sharma, Ashwani, Rajesh Misra, and Kiran Singh. "Assessment of Cardiac Autonomic Activity Before and After Isotonic Exercise Training (Treadmill Ergometer) in the Offsprings of Hypertensive Parents." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 4, no. 7 (July 2016): 2616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/sjams.2016.4.7.67.

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Lesnak, Joseph B., Dillon T. Anderson, Brooke E. Farmer, Dimitrios Katsavelis, and Terry L. Grindstaff. "Ability of Isokinetic Dynamometer to Predict Isotonic Knee Extension 1-Repetition Maximum." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 5 (July 1, 2020): 616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0396.

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Context: Resistance training exercise prescription is often based on exercises performed at a percentage of a 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Following knee injury, there is no consensus when a patient can safely perform 1RM testing. Resistance training programs require the use of higher loads, and loads used in knee injury rehabilitation may be too low to elicit gains in strength and power. A maximum isometric contraction can safely be performed during early stages of knee rehabilitation and has potential to predict an isotonic knee extension 1RM. Objective: To determine whether a 1RM on an isotonic knee extension machine can be predicted from isometric peak torque measurements. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: A total of 20 (12 males and 8 females) healthy, physically active adults. Main Outcome Measures: An isokinetic dynamometer was used to determine isometric peak torque (in N·m). 1RM testing was performed on a knee extension machine. Linear regression was used to develop a prediction equation, and Bland–Altman plots with limits of agreement calculations were used to validate the equation. Results: There was a significant correlation (P < .001, r = .926) between peak torque (283.0 [22.6] N·m) and the knee extension 1RM (69.1 [22.6] kg). The prediction equation overestimated the loads (2.3 [9.1] kg; 95% confidence interval, −15.6 to 20.1 kg). Conclusions: The results show that isometric peak torque values obtained on an isokinetic dynamometer can be used to estimate 1RM values for isotonic knee extension. Although the prediction equation tends to overestimate loads, the relatively wide confidence intervals indicate that results should be viewed with caution.

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Vogt, Michael, and Hans H. Hoppeler. "Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 11 (June 1, 2014): 1446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00146.2013.

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The aim of the current review is to discuss applications and mechanism of eccentric exercise in training regimes of competitive sports. Eccentric muscle work is important in most sports. Eccentric muscle contractions enhance the performance during the concentric phase of stretch-shortening cycles, which is important in disciplines like sprinting, jumping, throwing, and running. Muscles activated during lengthening movements can also function as shock absorbers, to decelerate during landing tasks or to precisely deal with high external loading in sports like alpine skiing. The few studies available on trained subjects reveal that eccentric training can further enhance maximal muscle strength and power. It can further optimize muscle length for maximal tension development at a greater degree of extension, and has potential to improve muscle coordination during eccentric tasks. In skeletal muscles, these functional adaptations are based on increases in muscle mass, fascicle length, number of sarcomeres, and cross-sectional area of type II fibers. Identified modalities for eccentric loading in athletic populations involve classical isotonic exercises, accentuated jumping exercises, eccentric overloading exercises, and eccentric cycle ergometry. We conclude that eccentric exercise offers a promising training modality to enhance performance and to prevent injuries in athletes. However, further research is necessary to better understand how the neuromuscular system adapts to eccentric loading in athletes.

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Kolukisa, Sevki. "Research on the effects of isotonic strength training on muscular strength improvement of young men according to their hand preferences." International Journal of Academic Research 6, no. 2 (March 30, 2014): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-2/a.22.

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Akinpelu, A. O., J. O. Iyaniwura, and B. O. Ajagbe. "The reliability of Berger’s table in estimating 1-RM and 10-RM of the elbow flexor muscles in normal young adults." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 57, no. 2 (May 31, 2001): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v57i2.499.

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Isotonic strength training remains one of the methods of strengthening muscles, as it requires inexpensive materials. The method requires the determination of maximal isotonic strength or one repetition maximum [1-RM] and/or sub-maximal isotonic strength (2-RM - 10-RM) of a muscle group in order to know the appropriate resistance to subject the muscle group to, and to monitor strength gains by the muscle group. Berger’s table contains percentages for predicting 1-RM - 10-RM, and it is intended to improve the efficiency of determining isotonic muscle strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of Berger’s table in predicting 1-RM and 10-RM of the right elbow flexor muscles.1-RM and 10-RM were estimated using Berger’s table in 100 young adults following the determination of the number of repetitions that could be carried out against randomly selected weights. Weight adjustments were made to obtain the actual 1-RM and 10-RM. Data were subjected to regression analysis. A significant linear relationship exists between the estimated and actual values of 1-RM and 10-RM. Results also showed that Berger’s table explains 93% of 1-RM and 98% of 10-RM. It was concluded that Berger’s table is reliable in determining 1-RM and 10-RM of the elbow flexors in young healthy adults. Regression equations that may improve the accuracy of estimation were derived.

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Beam, W. C., F. D. Fong, R. A. Koch, and J. L. Fortuna. "THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC ASCORBIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON STRENGTH FOLLOWING ISOTONIC STRENGTH TRAINING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30, Supplement (May 1998): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-01250.

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Favier, R. J., S. H. Constable, M. Chen, and J. O. Holloszy. "Endurance exercise training reduces lactate production." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.885.

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In situ muscle stimulation in trained and untrained rats was used to reevaluate whether adaptations induced by endurance exercise training result in decreased lactate production by contracting muscles. The gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle group was stimulated to perform isotonic contractions. After 3 min of stimulation with 100-ms trains at 50 Hz at 60/min, the increases in lactate concentration in the plantaris, soleus, and fast-twitch red muscle (deep portion of lateral head of gastrocnemius) were only approximately 50% as great in trained as in sedentary rats. In the predominantly fast-twitch white superficial portion of the medial head of the gastrocnemius the increase in lactate concentration was 28% less in the trained than in the sedentary group. The decreases in muscle glycogen concentration seen after 3 min of stimulation at 60 trains/min were smaller in the trained than in the untrained group. The reduction in lactate accumulation that occurred in the different muscles in response to training was roughly proportional to the degree of glycogen sparing. These results show that endurance training induces adaptations that result in a slower production of lactate by muscle during contractile activity.

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Power, Geoffrey A., Brian H. Dalton, Charles L. Rice, and Anthony A. Vandervoort. "Reproducibility of velocity-dependent power: before and after lengthening contractions." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 5 (October 2011): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-068.

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The determination of power using isokinetic testing has been shown to be highly reliable. However, isotonic and isokinetic testing involve specific mechanical constraints that likely necessitate different neuromuscular strategies. Therefore, the purpose here was to establish test–retest intrarater reliability (separated by 7 days) of loaded maximal shortening velocity and velocity-dependent power of the ankle dorsiflexors using the isotonic mode of the Biodex dynamometer (i) at baseline and (ii) throughout recovery following 150 high-intensity lengthening contractions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)2,1 with 95% CIs were used to determine relative reliability, whereas absolute reliability included typical error (TEM) and typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation (TEMCV). Twenty-four young men and women volunteered for the study. Maximal shortening velocity and power were determined with a fixed resistance set at 20% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction across 2 testing sessions separated by 7 days. ICCs were 0.93 and 0.98 for maximal shortening velocity and peak power, respectively. Following the lengthening contractions, ICCs indicated high reliability for maximal shortening velocity and peak power, 0.86 and 0.94, respectively, suggesting that a similar amount of fatigue was incurred on both days. Measures of absolute reliability for maximal shortening velocity and peak power also yielded high reliability. The isotonic mode is highly reliable when testing velocity-dependent power of the ankle dorsiflexors at baseline and following fatiguing lengthening contractions. The high reliability of this measure is encouraging and suggests that the isotonic mode can be used in various settings to track group changes before and after training and following fatigue and lengthening contractions.

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Kinlin, Laura M., Andrew J. Helmers, Jeremy N. Friedman, and Carolyn E. Beck. "Choice of maintenance intravenous fluids among paediatric residents in Canada." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, no. 8 (September 19, 2019): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxz093.

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Abstract Background Recent literature and guidelines support routine use of isotonic intravenous (IV) fluids for maintenance therapy in hospitalized infants and children. Current prescribing practices are unknown. Objective To elicit paediatric residents’ choice of maintenance IV fluids, particularly with regard to tonicity, in a variety of clinical scenarios and patient ages. We hypothesized that residents would choose isotonic fluids in most cases, but there would be substantially more variability in fluid choice in the neonatal age group. Methods An Internet-based survey was e-mailed to trainees in the 17 paediatric residency programs across Canada, via the Canadian Paediatric Program Directors. The survey instrument included questions related to training, followed by a series of questions eliciting choice of IV fluid in a variety of clinical situations. Results A total of 147 survey responses were submitted (22% response rate). Isotonic solutions were selected by >75% across all clinical scenarios involving infants and children. Very hypotonic fluids were seldom chosen. There was more variability in fluid choice in neonates, with evidence of significant differences in fluid tonicity based on senior versus junior resident status and geographical location. Conclusions Results imply a predominance of isotonic fluid use in infants and children, suggesting that clinical practice has changed in response to risk of hyponatremia with hypotonic IV fluids. As hypothesized, there was more variability with respect to choice of maintenance fluids in neonates. This likely reflects a paucity of guidance in an age group with unique physiologic factors affecting fluid and electrolyte status.

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Örücü, Serkan, and Murat Selek. "Design and Validation of Rule-Based Expert System by Using Kinect V2 for Real-Time Athlete Support." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020611.

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In sports and rehabilitation processes where isotonic movements such as bodybuilding are performed, it is vital for individuals to be able to correct the wrong movements instantly by monitoring the trainings simultaneously, and to be able to train healthily and away from the risks of injury. For this purpose, we designed a new real-time athlete support system using Kinect V2 and Expert System. Lateral raise (LR) and dumbbell shoulder press (DSP) movements were selected as examples to be modeled in the system. Kinect V2 was used to obtain angle and distance changes in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle during movements in these movement models designed. For the rule base of Expert System developed according to these models, a 28-state rule table was designed, and 12 main rules were determined that could be used for both actions. In the sample trainings, it was observed that the decisions made by the system had 89% accuracy in DSP training and 82% accuracy in LR training. In addition, the developed system has been tested by 10 participants (25.8 ± 5.47 years; 74.69 ± 14.81 kg; 173.5 ± 9.52 cm) in DSP and LR training for four weeks. At the end of this period and according to the results of paired t-test analysis (p < 0.05) starting from the first week, it was observed that the participants trained more accurately and that they enhanced their motions by 58.08 ± 11.32% in LR training and 54.84 ± 12.72% in DSP training.

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Zhan, Wen-Zhi, John G. Swallow, Theodore Garland, David N. Proctor, Patrick A. Carter, and Gary C. Sieck. "Effects of genetic selection and voluntary activity on the medial gastrocnemius muscle in house mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 2326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2326.

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In a previous study (J. G. Swallow, T. Garland, Jr., P. A. Carter, W.-Z. Zhan, and G. C. Sieck, J. Appl. Physiol.84: 69–76, 1998), we found that in house mice both genetic selection (10 generations of artificial selection for high voluntary activity on running wheels) and access to running wheels (7–8 weeks) elicited a modest increase in maximal oxygen consumption. Based on these results, we hypothesized that genetic selection would affect the changes in endurance and oxidative capacity of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle induced by wheel access (training response). Wheel access increased the isotonic endurance of the MG in both genetically selected and random-bred (control) mice. However, this exercise-induced improvement in isotonic endurance of the MG was similar between genetically selected and control mice. Wheel access also increased the succinate dehydrogenase activity of MG muscle fibers in both selected and control lines. However, this exercise-induced increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity was comparable between genetically selected and control animals. Taken together, these results indicate that the modest increase in maximal oxygen consumption associated with genetic selection is not reflected by the training-induced changes in oxidative capacity and endurance of MG muscle fibers.

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Hunter, G., H. Culpepper, and C. Schmidt. "UNIFORM INCREASES IN KNEE EXTENSION TORQUE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF FIXED RESISTANCE ISOTONIC TRAINING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 18, supplement (April 1986): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198604001-00283.

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Palevo, G., and C. Nicks. "Clinical Outcomes of Isotonic Resistance Training for a Female with Stable Chronic Heart Failure." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25 (March 2011): S64—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jsc.0000395681.45304.9b.

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Chen, Chen-Ling, Ken-Jie Chang, Pei-Ying Wu, Chun-Han Chi, Shin-Tsu Chang, and Yuan-Yang Cheng. "Comparison of the Effects between Isokinetic and Isotonic Strength Training in Subacute Stroke Patients." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 24, no. 6 (June 2015): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.02.002.

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Jessop, Traci, Alyssa DePaola, Lauren Casaletto, Chaya Englard, and Maria Knikou. "Short-term plasticity of human spinal inhibitory circuits after isometric and isotonic ankle training." European Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 2 (June 9, 2012): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2438-1.

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O’Neill, David E. T., Robert E. Thayer, Albert W. Taylor, Tomasz M. Dzialoszynski, and Earl G. Noble. "Effects of Short-Term Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Morphology in the Elderly." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 8, no. 4 (October 2000): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.8.4.312.

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Ten moderately active participants (8 women, 2 men; mean age 66.3 ± 1.2 years), engaged in 8 weeks of isotonic knee-extensor resistance training. Afterward, peak torque output (180°/s) and mean power increased 30.8% and 27.2%, respectively, in the experimental limb (EL). A moderate, nonsignificant cross-over training effect was observed in the contralateral untrained limb (CL) for the same measures. Whereas mean fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) was unaltered in the CL by training. Fiber Types I and lib in the EL displayed increased CSA. However, mean CSAs for all fiber types in the trained EL were no larger (p > .05) than those observed in the CL before or after training. There were no significant changes in muscle-fiber-type composition, the proportion of Type I myosin heavy chain, or Type Ha CSA. These data suggest that short-term resistance training can significantly increase isokinctic peak torque in the elderly, with minimal changes in the histochemical and biochemical parameters examined.

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Seo, Seong-Wook, Kyoung Kim, and Sang-Cheol Im. "Comparative Analysis on Blood Fatigue Variables after Isokinetic and Isotonic Exercise Training in Elite Athletes." Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2022.17.1.31.

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Fincher, G. E., and T. L. Goodson. "THE EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY RESISTANCE TRAINING ON ISOTONIC STRENGTH AMONG FEMALE COLLEGIATE BASKETBALL PLAYERS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 5 (May 2002): S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-01124.

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Clapp, A. J., T. D. Murray, J. L. Walker, D. L. Rainey, W. G. Squires, and A. S. Jackson. "THE EFFECT OF SIX WEEKS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON ISOMETRIC AND ISOTONIC STRENGTH IN ADOLESCENTS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, Supplement (May 1995): S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00118.

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