Academic literature on the topic 'Isothermal conditions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Isothermal conditions"

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Cano-Pleite, Eduardo, Mariano Rubio-Rubio, Néstor García-Hernando, and Antonio Soria-Verdugo. "Microalgae pyrolysis under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions." Algal Research 51 (October 2020): 102031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.102031.

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Medina, Sebastián F., Alberto Quispe, and Manuel Gómez. "Precipitation model in microalloyed steels both isothermal and continuous cooling conditions." Revista de Metalurgia 51, no. 4 (November 13, 2015): e056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.056.

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Chew, S., J. R. Griffiths, and Z. H. Stachurski. "The crystallization kinetics of polyethylene under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions." Polymer 30, no. 5 (May 1989): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(89)90185-7.

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Wang, Jinxing, and Haibo Zhao. "Pyrolysis kinetics of perfusion tubes under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions." Energy Conversion and Management 106 (December 2015): 1048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.09.075.

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Bheemarasetti, J. V. Ram, J. D. Bapat, and T. Rajeswara Rao. "Drying Rates Under Non-isothermal Conditions." Indian Chemical Engineer 52, no. 2 (August 5, 2010): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2010.485841.

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Lucchesi, Massimiliano, and Miroslav Šilhavý. "Il'yushin's conditions in non-isothermal plasticity." Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 113, no. 2 (June 1991): 121–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00380414.

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Czerski, Grzegorz, Przemysław Grzywacz, and Katarzyna Śpiewak. "Comparison of CO2 gasification of coal in isothermal and non-isothermal conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 108 (2019): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910802017.

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The thermogravimetric method allows to carry out measurements both in isothermal conditions for a given temperature and in non-isothermal conditions at a set heating rate. The aim of the work was to compare the process of gasification of the same coal in an atmosphere of CO2 under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The measurements were carried out with the use of DynTHERM Thermogravimetric analyzer by Rubotherm. Char derived from Polish bituminous coal “Janina” was used as material for gasification. In case of the isothermal method the measurements were performed at three temperatures – 850 °C, 900 °C and 950 °C, while in case of the non-isothermal method for three heating rates, i.e. 3 K/min, 5 K/min and 10 K/min. Based on the results obtained, kinetics curves of conversion degree of the gasification process were developed and kinetic parameters of the gasification reaction i.e. reaction order, activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined. The values of the kinetic parameters obtained from measurements performed in isothermal and non-isothermal conditions were compared.
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Silva-Dias, Leonardo, and Alejandro Lopez-Castillo. "Turing patterns modulation by chemical gradient in isothermal and non-isothermal conditions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 14 (2020): 7507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp00650e.

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De Maio, Anna, Mansour El-Masry, Silvana Di Martino, Sergio Rossi, Umberto Bencivenga, Valentina Grano, Nadia Diano, Paolo Canciglia, and Damiano Gustavo Mita. "A novel packed-bed bioreactor operating under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 86, no. 3 (2004): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.20057.

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Ferreira, Bárbara D. L., Natália R. S. Araújo, Raphael F. Ligório, Fabrício J. P. Pujatti, Wagner N. Mussel, Maria Irene Yoshida, and Rita C. O. Sebastião. "Kinetic thermal decomposition studies of thalidomide under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 134, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7568-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Isothermal conditions"

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Phusunti, Neeranuch. "Pryolytic and kinetic study of Chlorella vulgaris under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/19227/.

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Algae are a new potential biomass for energy production but there is limited information on their pyrolysis and kinetics. The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the pyrolytic behaviour and kinetics of Chlorella vulgaris, a green microalga. Under pyrolysis conditions, these microalgae show their comparable capabilities to terrestrial biomass for energy and chemicals production. Also, the evidence from a preliminary pyrolysis by the intermediate pilot-scale reactor supports the applicability of these microalgae in the existing pyrolysis reactor. Thermal decomposition of Chlorella vulgaris occurs in a wide range of temperature (200-550°C) with multi-step reactions. To evaluate the kinetic parameters of their pyrolysis process, two approaches which are isothermal and non-isothermal experiments are applied in this work. New developed Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry (Py-MS) technique has the potential for isothermal measurements with a short run time and small sample size requirement. The equipment and procedure are assessed by the kinetic evaluation of thermal decomposition of polyethylene and lignocellulosic derived materials (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). In the case of non-isothermal experiment, Thermogravimetry- Mass Spectrometry (TG-MS) technique is used in this work. Evolved gas analysis provides the information on the evolution of volatiles and these data lead to a multi-component model. Triplet kinetic values (apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and apparent reaction order) from isothermal experiment are 57 (kJ/mol), 5.32 (logA, min-1), 1.21-1.45; 9 (kJ/mol), 1.75 (logA, min-1), 1.45 and 40 (kJ/mol), 3.88 (logA, min-1), 1.45- 1.15 for low, middle and high temperature region, respectively. The kinetic parameters from non-isothermal experiment are varied depending on the different fractions in algal biomass when the range of apparent activation energies are 73-207 (kJ/mol); pre-exponential factor are 5-16 (logA, min-1); and apparent reaction orders are 1.32–2.00. The kinetic procedures reported in this thesis are able to be applied to other kinds of biomass and algae for future works.
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Ashraf, Muhammad. "Dynamics of soil water under non-isothermal conditions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336299.

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Lin, Rongjau. "Experimental and numerical analysis of RTM and SRIM processes in non-isothermal conditions /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148769470278441.

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Schaffer, Joseph F. "Verification and Adaptation of an Infiltration Model for Water at Various Isothermal Temperature Conditions." Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1061.

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"A series of one dimensional horizontal infiltration experiments were performed to investigate the predictive capabilities of the Kao and Hunt model. By modifying pristine laboratory apparatus, a reasonable range of soil temperatures was achieved. Experiments were run at approximately 5°C, 20°C, and 35°C. Distilled water was used as an infiltrating liquid and silica powder was used as soil. The infiltrating liquid was dispensed into the column at zero pressure head. The results of the experiments show that the model is adaptable to a range of temperature conditions by modifying terms for the liquid effects of the model, viscosity and surface tension. Experimental data and model predictions differed by 30 percent at most. Although the change in the rate of infiltration across the range of temperatures is perceivable, it is small in comparison to the effects caused by heterogeneity encountered in nature. "
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Esmele, Myles. "A model for deformation of continuous fiber composites under isothermal creep and thermal cycling conditions." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA363934.

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Veltzke, Thomas [Verfasser], Jorg [Akademischer Betreuer] Thöming, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlüter. "On gaseous microflows under isothermal conditions / Thomas Veltzke. Gutachter: Jorg Thöming ; Michael Schlüter. Betreuer: Jorg Thöming." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1072047489/34.

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Bartolotta, Paul Anthony. "Fatigue behavior and life prediction of a silicon carbide/titanium-24aluminum-11niobium composite under isothermal conditions." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055531339.

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Chen, Guang. "An investigation into nano-particulates reinforced SAC305-based composite solders under electro- and thermo-migration conditions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27576.

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With the rapid development in electronic packaging due to product miniaturisation, the size of solder joints is decreasing considerably, thus the failure of solder interconnects induced by electro-migration (EM) and thermo-migration (TM) became a reliability concern. The incorporation of foreign reinforcement can effectively improve properties of the solder alloys. However, this presents an imperative need for a further investigation to elaborate the underlying fundamentals associated with the reliability of reinforced solders. In this study, the Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) based solder alloy powders as matrix were incorporated with Fullerene (FNS), TiC and Ni-coated graphene (NG) reinforcements to form composite solders through powder metallurgical method. These composite solders were then characterised in terms of their microstructure, physical property, solderability, followed by a systematic investigation of their performance under isothermal ageing, current stressing and large thermal gradient, respectively. The results showed that three types of reinforcements were successfully incorporated into the solder matrix; with all reinforcements added being embedded in the solder matrix or around the intermetallic compounds (IMC). The average loss of FNS and TiC particles in the solders was approximately 80% after the initial reflow, while this was only 40% for NG particles. It has been observed that β-Sn and Ag3Sn in the SAC solder alloys can be refined by adding appropriate amount of FNS and TiC, which is beneficial to the wettability with a reduced coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) with the minimal influence on the melting point and electrical resistivity of solder alloys. For the SAC alloys without reinforcements, obvious extrusion of interfacial IMC at the anode was present after 360 hours of current (1.5×104 A/cm2) stressing, while the changes of surface profiles of all reinforced solders were unnoticeable. Under the current stressing regimes, a continuous increase of interfacial IMCs at the anode of the original SAC alloys was observed, but decreased at the cathode with stressing time. For the composite solders, both anode and cathode showed a continuous growth of interfacial IMCs; the growth rates of IMCs at the anode were greater than that at cathode. In addition, NG and TiC were found to be most effective to retard the growth of Cu3Sn IMC under current stressing. A gradient in hardness across the stressed SAC joints was present, where it was harder at anode. However, no such obvious gradient was found in SAC/FNS and SAC/NG solder joints. FNS and NG were proven to be beneficial to prolong the service life of solder joints up to approximately 7.6% and 10.4% improvements, respectively. Thermal stressing made the interfacial IMC in the original SAC joints to grow at the cold end considerably; causing serious damage at the hot end after 600 hours under temperature gradient of 1240K/cm stressing; a large number of IMCs, cracks and voids appeared in the SAC solder joints. However, a uniform increase of IMCs at both sides in the composite solders was observed without apparent damages at the interfaces under the same thermal stressing conditions, indicating an effective reduction of the elemental migration in the reinforced solders. Although there were also some voids and IMCs formed in the composite solder joints after a long-term thermal stressing, the integrity of the composite solder joints was enhanced compared with the SAC alloys. During thermal stressing, the dissolution rate of Cu atom into the SAC solder joints was estimated to be 3.1×10-6 g/h, while the values for SAC/FNS, SAC/NG and SAC/TiC were only 1.22×10-6 g/h, 1.09×10-6 g/h and 1.67×10-6 g/h, respectively.
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Ben, Haj Slama Meriem. "Étude multi-échelle et in situ des évolutions microstructurales en conditions isothermes d’aciers bainitiques en lattes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0042/document.

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Les aciers bainitiques sont utilisés industriellement pour leur bon compromis entre résistance, ductilité et ténacité. Cependant, après obtention de sa microstructure d'emploi, l’acier peut subir des maintiens additionnels en température (soit en fin de fabrication et/ou lors de son utilisation), susceptibles de dégrader ses propriétés. Ces travaux de thèse cherchent à comprendre les origines microstructurales de cette dégradation. Pour ce faire, des traitements thermiques contrôlés ont été appliqués à des aciers de nuances modèles FeNiC et FeNiMnC. Une première série de traitements a permis de fabriquer des microstructures bainitiques supérieure, inférieure, martensitique et mixtes. Ces produits de transformation bruts ont été caractérisés et analysés en détail, en particulier par EBSD en résolution angulaire améliorée. Les données ont été exploitées pour reconstruire les ex-grains austénitiques et distinguer les différents produits de transformation par l'organisation spatiale de leurs variants cristallographiques. Une deuxième série de traitements a consisté à soumettre ces microstructures à des maintiens isothermes prolongés. Nous avons montré que ces microstructures bainitiques en lattes ne sont pas stables dans certaines conditions ultérieures de maintien isotherme. Dans les cas les plus sévères, nous avons observé un processus de « granularisation » de la microstructure en lattes avec disparition des variants fortement désorientés et une maturation des carbures. Ces phénomènes sont observés sur nos alliages modèles y compris sur des temps courts (<1h) à basses températures (300°C). Ces évolutions ainsi que leurs cinétiques ont été investiguées à différentes échelles en couplant des observations en MEB, EBSD, MET et aussi in situ par DRX Haute Energie sur grands instruments. La composition chimique et la microstructure initiale affectent sensiblement les cinétiques. Mais nous avons surtout pointé le rôle majeur de la présence (même résiduelle) de bainite dite supérieure dans la microstructure initiale pour amorcer le processus de granularisation, indépendamment de la température de dénaturation. L’ensemble des résultats permet de discuter les possibles mécanismes sous-jacents et leurs forces motrices et ouvre une discussion plus large sur la classification des bainites
Bainitic steels are widely used in industry thanks to their good combinations of strength, toughness and ductility. Meanwhile, after obtaining the targeted microstructure, the steel can undergo additional isothermal holdings (either during manufacturing and/or during usage) prone to degrade its properties. The thesis work aims at understanding the microstructural origins of this degradation. To achieve this, we applied controlled heat treatments on model FeNiC and FeNiMnC steel grades. A first set of heat treatments allowed us to obtain different microstructures; upper and lower bainites, martensite and mixed concepts. These transformation products were characterized and analyzed in detail, particularly by EBSD with improved angular resolution. Data was operated to reconstruct prior austenitic grains and to distinguish the different transformation products according to their crystallographic variant spatial organization. A second set of heat treatments consisted in aging these microstructures by extended isothermal holdings. We show that lath-like bainitic microstructures are not stable under certain isothermal conditions. In the most advanced cases, we observed a « granularization » process of the lath microstructure, associated with high misoriented variant disappearance and carbides ripening. These phenomena were observed for the studied model alloys, even within short holding times (<1h) and at low temperatures (300°C). These highlighted evolutions as well as their kinetics were investigated at different scales, coupling SEM observations, EBSD, TEM and in situ XRD High Energy on large instruments. The initial microstructure and the steel chemical composition affect significantly the « granularization » kinetics. But we have above all put the light on the major role of the presence of an upper bainite fraction (even a residual one) in the initial microstructure, to start the granularization phenomenon, independently of aging temperature. All of these results allow discussing possible mechanisms with their respective driving forces and opening larger discussion about bainite classification
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Mathison, Randall Melson. "Experimental and Computational Investigation of Inlet Temperature Profile and Cooling Effects on a One and One-Half Stage High-Pressure Turbine Operating at Design-Corrected Conditions." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250281163.

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Books on the topic "Isothermal conditions"

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Esmele, Myles. A model for deformation of continuous fiber composites under isothermal creep and thermal cycling conditions. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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Siegel, R. Effects of refractive index and diffuse or specular boundaries on a radiating isothermal layer. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Siegel, R. Effects of refractive index and diffuse or specular boundaries on a radiating isothermal layer. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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A Model for Deformation of Continuous Fiber Composites under Isothermal Creep and Thermal Cycling Conditions. Storming Media, 1997.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Fatigue behavior and life prediction of a SiC/Ti-24Al-11Nb composite under isothermal conditions. [Washington, D.C.?]: NASA, 1991.

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Rentz, D. C. Acoustic determination of the critical point of methane utilizing a variable volume spherical resonator under isothermal conditions. 1994.

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Clarke, Andrew. Energy and heat. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0002.

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Energy is the capacity to do work and heat is the spontaneous flow of energy from one body or system to another through the random movement of atoms or molecules. The entropy of a system determines how much of its internal energy is unavailable for work under isothermal conditions, and the Gibbs energy is the energy available for work under isothermal conditions and constant pressure. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that for any reaction to proceed spontaneously the total entropy (system plus surroundings) must increase, which is why metabolic processes release heat. All organisms are thermodynamically open systems, exchanging both energy and matter with their surroundings. They can decrease their entropy in growth and development by ensuring a greater increase in the entropy of the environment. For an ideal gas in thermal equilibrium the distribution of energy across the component atoms or molecules is described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann equation. This distribution is fixed by the temperature of the system.
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Book chapters on the topic "Isothermal conditions"

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Schneider, Dr J. "Rheometry under non-isothermal conditions." In Progress and Trends in Rheology II, 157–59. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49337-9_46.

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Benvenuti, A., G. Ghione, and C. U. Naldi. "Non-Stationary Transport HBT Modeling Under Non-Isothermal Conditions." In Simulation of Semiconductor Devices and Processes, 453–56. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6657-4_112.

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Bear, Jacob, and Yehuda Bachmat. "Mass Transport of Multiple Fluid Phases Under Isothermal Conditions." In Introduction to Modeling of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, 327–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1926-6_5.

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Bear, Jacob, and Yehuda Bachmat. "Mass Transport of a Single Fluid Phase Under Isothermal Conditions." In Introduction to Modeling of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, 289–326. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1926-6_4.

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Voleti, Mourya, Naga Venkata Sai Aditya Burle, Raghu Jarpala, and Rajesh Sadanandan. "2D-PIV Measurements in a Novel Swirl Burner Under Isothermal Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 53–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5849-3_6.

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Bear, Jacob, and Yehuda Bachmat. "Transport of a Component in a Fluid Phase Under Isothermal Conditions." In Introduction to Modeling of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, 399–448. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1926-6_6.

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Serpolay, R. "Use of an Isothermal Haze Chamber for studying the conditions of fog formation." In Atmospheric Aerosols and Nucleation, 567–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-50108-8_1129.

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Russew, Krassimir, and Liljana Stojanova. "Bend Stress Relaxation of Amorphous Metallic Alloys Under Isothermal and Nonisothermal Heating Conditions." In Glassy Metals, 117–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47882-0_7.

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Combres, Y., and Ch Levaillant. "Modeling of Flow Behavior of the Nickel Base Superalloy NK17CDAT at Isothermal Forging Conditions." In Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 341–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1968-6_39.

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Schimke, Andreas, Shih-Ying Chang, Ulrich Krupp, and Hans-Jürgen Christ. "Modeling of Combined High-Temperature Oxidation and Nitridation under Isothermal and Thermal-Cycling Conditions." In Intermetallics and Superalloys, 1–8. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607285.ch1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Isothermal conditions"

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Staliulionis, Ž., M. Jabbari, and J. H. Hattel. "Moisture ingress into electronics enclosures under isothermal conditions." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2015 (ICNAAM 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4951797.

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Nie, Lei, Mingzhi Dong, Jian Cai, Michael Osterman, and Michael Pecht. "Interfacial reaction of reballed BGAs under isothermal aging conditions." In High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2009.5270671.

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Sher, Ilai. "Effect of Non-Isothermal Conditions on Liquid Breakup Mechanisms." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23372.

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Liquid breakup mechanism utilization is prevalent in numerous applications. One of the most common uses of this phenomenon is in fuel injection systems. Liquid fuel is injected into an ambient air, to prepare a combustible mixture. Generally, evenly spread tiny fuel droplets are desirable. This is usually achieved through multiple liquid breaking mechanisms: Primary breakup of liquid jet, Secondary breakup of travelling liquid droplets, and Secondary breakup of wall-impinging liquid droplets. Indeed, many studies are devoted to the modelling of those phenomena. However, the absolute majority of those studies are limitedly focused on the isothermal case, where liquid is assumed to be of ambient gas’ temperature. Conversely, practical conditions, under which rather cold fuel is normally injected into hot ambient air, suggest the real case to be non-isothermal. Moreover, the non-isothermal nature of that process seems to have its effect at the most relevant to breakup regions, i.e. the breaking interfacial surfaces. It is shown that as these surfaces can be in instant contact with a hot ambient, breakup can be greatly altered by the extent of this sudden thermal exposure, through its mostly transient and even spatial effect on physical properties of breaking interfaces. This is shown to be of significant effect on all breakup mechanisms: primary and secondary. New models are suggested for these non-isothermal phenomena, which combine transient heat-transfer with inter-phase hydrodynamic breakup, through physical properties’ dependency on temperature. Results are discussed in terms of effect on spray breakup products, and a careful comparison with the trend of a limited number of so-far available experimental results is presented.
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Huang, Alvin Y., George N. Kastanas, Leonard Kramer, Carlos E. Soares, and Ronald R. Mikatarian. "Materials outgassing rate decay in vacuum at isothermal conditions." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Joanne Egges, Carlos E. Soares, and Eve M. Wooldridge. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2241212.

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TREMARIN, A., D. A. LONGHI, B. C. M. SALOMÃO, and G. M. F. ARAGÃO. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR Neosartorya fischeri GROWTH UNDER NON-ISOTHERMAL CONDITIONS." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-0572-24887-169886.

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Solov’ev, N. E., V. S. Makarov, L. N. Meschaninova, and Ya A. Ugai. "The formation kinetics of α-rhombohedral boron under isothermal conditions." In Boron-rich solids. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40832.

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Rogdakis, E., and G. Dogkas. "Comparative Operation of Small Vuilleumier Cryocoolers Under Isothermal and Adiabatic Conditions." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53566.

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Vuilleumier refrigerators capable of reaching cryogenic temperatures have been developed over the past years. A thermodynamic analysis can provide useful results concerning the energy quantities involved in this type of cryocoolers. Comparison of an isothermal and an adiabatic model yields the differences of the performance under each condition. Adiabatic cooling capacity is higher than the isothermal, but the COP decreases. Additionally, the temperatures of the heat exchangers that reject heat and produce the cooling effect, affect the capacity and the performance of the cryocooler in opposite way. Furthermore, the cooling capacity is dependent on the pressure inside the machine and its speed, but the performance is not affected by these variables.
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Plaza, G., Y. Zhou, M. Osterman, and A. Dasgupta. "SnAgCu (SAC) Durability Under Vibration Loading at Different Isothermal Temperature Conditions." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33095.

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The high cycle fatigue (HCF) durability of SAC solders has not been investigated to the same extent as SnPb solder [1] [2] [3], especially as a function of temperature. This is a first essential step towards understanding the interaction between thermal cycling damage and vibration damage [4] [5]. In this study, vibration durability is investigated under step-stress broad-band random vibration excitation at different temperatures. The test vehicle consists of various common surface mount components soldered onto a test PWB. The solder system, plating system and thermal pre-conditioning are systematically varied. Twenty printed wiring assemblies are tested at a time in a specially designed fixture on an electrodynamic shaker. The test setup is first characterized before conducting the durability experiment, by collecting strain histories at different sites on the PWB, mounted at different locations on the fixture, under different loading conditions. These strain results are useful to be able to compare the performance of the assemblies at different strain conditions and as inputs for subsequent finite element analysis (FEA) to estimate acceleration factors for various field environments [6]. In order to check the temperature dependence of the vibration durability, the broad-band vibration durability tests have been repeated at room temperature, high temperature and low temperature. Test results are reported in this paper, and important trends are identified for SAC and SnPb solder systems. Destructive failure analysis (cross-sectioning, polishing and microscopy) is used to confirm that the failure is by solder fatigue.
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Her, Jin-Cherl, Kang-Min Lee, Seung-Chul Lee, Min-Koo Han, Jae-Eung Oh, and Kwang-Seok Seo. "Pulsed IVT Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT on the Isothermal Conditions." In 2004 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2004.p11-4.

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Ravshanov, N., O. Ja Kravets, D. Karshiev, and S. M. Aminov. "Non-Stationary filtration gas flow in porous medium under isothermal conditions." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE, MECHANICAL AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING: MIP: Engineering-III – 2021. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0071881.

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Reports on the topic "Isothermal conditions"

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Sambi, I. S., and D. J. Patmore. Vapour-liquid equilibrium under hydrocracking conditions - i. program for isothermal flash calculations using Grayson-Streed method. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/302679.

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