Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Isolation haute tension'
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Diarra, Badian Tiécoura. "Etude de la tenue diélectrique dans les cables haute tension à isolation gazeuse." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0060.
Full textHairour, M. "Etude diélectrique d'une isolation hybride gaz-solide pourappareillage haute tension." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327704.
Full textHairour, Mounir. "Etude diélectrique d'une isolation hybride gaz-solide pour appareillage haute tension." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20093.
Full textRoske, Laurent. "Packaging de composants grand gap haute température et haute tension." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30049/document.
Full textIn power electronics, one of the main research topics concerns high temperature operation of the components. Under such a constraint, the encapsulation and the passivation of the semiconductors devices in power module appear as physical and technological bottleneck. As a matter of fact, usual polymeric materials are unable to endure the temperature requirements set out in our study (350 °C) without significant loss of their dielectric properties. Therefore, gas insulation is considered and encouraging results have been obtained. The Discharges Inception Voltage is studied for different gases that could be used in high temperature power modules. Thanks to their dielectric properties and their low GWP, two gases have been selected: octafluoropropane (C3F8) and octafluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8), nitrogen (N2) being used as reference in this study. In a first step, the high temperature behaviors of the most widely used substrate materials (ceramics) are studied. A change of the conduction mechanism from a pure capacitive behavior (at low temperature) to a pure resistive one (at high temperature) is observed for both alumina and AlN samples. On the contrary, Si3N4 remains capacitive whatever the temperature. Such a behavior has an impact on the charges located at the surface. They disappear quickly for the two formers while they slowly decrease for the later. The field reinforcement associated to their existence and its impact on the DIV will not be the same. Whatever the gas under study, a local heating leads to a decrease in the DIV with temperature. A decrease of the distance between the two electrodes, leads to a decrease of the DIV changes vs Temperature. These results are compared to the measurements performed when the samples were uniformly heated. The use of gas in power packaging seems to be promising but it still needs a better understanding of the mechanisms involved
Beauguitte, Dimitri. "Étude du vieillissement électrique du polyéthylène téréphtalate pour applications haute tension." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20189.
Full textIn most high voltage gas insulated switchgears (GIS), electrical conductors are maintained by insulating materials based on epoxy resin. Due to economical and environmental problems (difficulties to recycle), these materials are subject to be replaced by thermoplastic polymers. This study focuses on the analysis of dielectric properties and behaviour of polyethylene terephtalate, intended to be used in GIS and other high voltage applications. Several properties of thick PET layers at initial state (breakdown strength, resistivity, dielectric constant, loss factor, resistance to partial discharges, conduction properties) are studied at different temperatures. An accelerated electrothermal ageing study undertaken under ac field (50 Hz) is presented in order to approach the limits of use of the materials and to evaluate its long term behaviour
Sabir, Abderrafia. "Sur une nouvelle méthode de mesure des charges d'espace dans les câbles haute tension." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20116.
Full textRebzani, Nesrine. "Etude des phénomènes électro-thermiques dans l'appareillage haute tension." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI056/document.
Full textElectricity is produced by power stations and is transported throughout the electric-power transmission at long distances with high voltage apparatus. The GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) is widely used switchgear. The electric insulation is ensured by the gas SF6. Security IEC norms impose temperature rises not to be exceeded during GIS operating. It is important to know and control the electromagnetic and thermal phenomenons which generate temperature rises. The switchgear design could then be faster and more precise, leading to only one successful temperature rise test. Solutions to reduce temperatures could also be found. The temperature rise reduction is crucial as it allow a higher current flowing through the GIS and an increase of its efficiency. The word achieved during this thesis presents an analysis of electro-thermal phenomenons in GIS and, more precisely, in busbars. It leads to the determination of the parameters influencing temperature rises and of the heat transfers proportion which is assessed and discussed. A numerical modelization is carried out to examine the temperature rises induced by the current flow in busbars
Macary, Véronique. "Filière technologique de puissance intelligente haute tension à isolation diélectrique basée sur la soudure directe sur silicium." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0035.
Full textSilva, Igor. "Propriétés des matériaux isolants pour application dans les appareillages moyenne tension à tension continue." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT043.
Full textRecent advancements in direct-current technology from the high-voltage transport and low-voltage consumption have brought medium-voltage DC (MVDC) to the forefront. This thesis delves into the insulating DC properties of two commonly used materials in distribution equipment: epoxy filled with silica and silicone rubber.In a monolayer configuration, each material underwent extensive investigation, focusing on water sorption characteristics and electrical conduction. Current measurements were conducted to analyze conduction under various fields, temperatures, and water uptake conditions. Additionally, the Laser Pressure Pulse (LIPP) method was employed for space charge measurements as a complementary technique. The study extended to a bilayer configuration, combining both materials, with insights from monolayer experiments informing the properties of the bilayer and predicting field distribution.The DC conduction in epoxy exhibited high dependence on water absorption, with moisture influencing non-linearity and altering the conduction mechanism. Conversely, silicone demonstrated electrode-limited conduction, with current variations tied to water sorption through a saturation-limited mechanism. In a hypothetical bilayer configuration, where epoxy represents a type-C bushing and silicone serves as the cable termination, the field is expected to concentrate in the epoxy in dry environments, shifting to silicone as humidity increases. The thesis concludes with discussions on material selection strategies and the design of multi-layer configurations
Benlizidia, Lalam Fadila. "Etude des phénomènes de rupture à long terme des isolants pour câbles d'énergie sous pression." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30035.
Full textChauvet, Christian. "Mise au point d'une méthodologie pour des essais de rupture a court terme en vue de la caractérisation des isolants synthétiques des cables haute-tension." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30073.
Full textSeznec, Benjamin. "Modélisation des phénomènes physiques intervenant au cours de l’émission électronique sous haute tension sous vide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS525/document.
Full textElectron emission in vacuum from a cathode at high voltage is an important physical phenomenon for the study of vacuum breakdown or electron sources. In the vacuum breakdown, the first step of this mechanism is electron emission at the top of the microprotrusions on the surface. Microprotrusions or emitters in electron sources have the shape of a tip. A numerical model describing the thermo-field emission has been developed for a 2D axisymmetric tip. The problem is multi-physical and it is necessary to solve problems of different natures: quantum mechanics, electrostatic, electric current and thermal heating. With this model, it is possibleto study electron emission and vacuumbreakdown when nanosecond high voltage pulses are applied. Furthermore, the study of electron emission when a picosecond pulsed laser illuminates a high voltage cathode has been performed. A new model has been developped to describe the photo-electric effect and a two-temperature model has been implemented to describe the heating of the cathode in a non-equilibrium regime. Finally, the modeling of the interaction between microparticles and electron emission from microprotusions has been realised, in order to study the breakdown voltage. Different trajectories of microparticles have been identified based on the results, depending on the electron emission current
Desmars, Loriane. "Etude des propriétés électriques et thermiques de matériaux composites à matrice époxy-anhydride pour l'isolation haute tension." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI021.
Full textThe integration of renewable energies to the power grid requires its modification in order to ensure its stability, security and efficiency. Improving ultra-high voltage alternative current (UHVAC) gas insulated substations (GIS), e.g. reducing their size or increasing their voltage, is one of the challenges induced by the development of the future power grid, the supergrid. Increasing the ability of solid insulators used in such equipment to withstand electro-thermal stress has been identified as the main obstacle to overcome. The work presented in this manuscript has been motivated by the necessity to develop more efficient electrical insulating materials compared to commercially available ones. An epoxy-anhydride matrix filled with micron sized alumina, often used to produce GIS solid insulators, has been used as a reference for this study. We decided to keep the matrix of the reference material throughout our work and to concentrate on the filler influence in order to optimize the properties of the composites. The impact of the nature of the filler (alumina or hexagonal boron nitride), its shape factor (platelets or almost spherical particles) and its volume fraction upon thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, dynamic mechanical properties, dielectric properties, high voltage direct current (DC) conductivity and AC breakdown strength have been highlighted. The experimental study of structure-property relationships is completed by dielectric properties and thermal conductivity modelling using the effective medium theory
Matallana, Jérôme. "Etude des propriétés de transport et de charge d'espace d'un nouveau matériau à base de polyéthylène pour l'isolation des câbles haute tension à courant continu." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20167.
Full textFlazi, Samir. "Etude du contournement electrique des isolateurs haute tension pollues : critere d'elongation de la decharge et dynamique du phenomene." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30266.
Full textVissouvanadin, Soubaretty Bertrand. "Matériaux de câble à isolation synthétique pour des applications au transport d'énergie HVDC." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1271/.
Full textThis work deals with the development of High Voltage Direct Current cables based Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). The development of such a cable is confronted to the problem of space charge build-up which is linked to the nature of the semiconducting electrodes and the insulating material. In the framework of this thesis, the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method has been used to study space charge build-up in both plaque and model cables. The impact of cross-linking by-products on the heterocharges accumulation has been highlighted by investigations on XLPE conditioning. A model based on heterogeneous polarization has been established to describe heterocharges build-up. Results obtained on different insulating formulations have shown a clear impact of additives regarding space charge build-up. Furthermore, study of semi-conducting layers has enabled identifying the effect of the different compounds such as carbon black, polymer matrix on charges build-up. For model cables, a deconvolution method of raw PEA signal which takes into account the cylindrical geometry, the attenuation and the dispersion of acoustic waves has been developed. Measurements on non-treated model cables have shown a displacement of the point where the field is at maximum from the inner to the outer semi-conducting electrode. This is due to a massive heterocharges build-up adjacent to the external electrode. The impact of thermal gradient on space charge build-up has also been addressed in this work
Toledo, Thierry. "Modélisation des isolations axisymétriques basées sur l'utilisation des matériaux semi-conducteurs par couplage des éléments finis et des éléments de frontière." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139534.
Full textMorette, Nathalie. "Mesure et analyse par apprentissage artificiel des décharges partielles sous haute tension continue pour la reconnaissance de l'état de dégradation des isolants électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS006.
Full textPartial discharges (PD) are one of the key drivers of degradation and ageing of insulating materials used in high-voltage switchgear. Consequently, partial discharges measurement has become an essential assessment tool for the monitoring of insulation systems. Given the continuing growth of renewable energy, the transport under direct current (DC) is economically advantageous. However, the relationship between partial discharges characteristics and the degradation of cables insulation under high voltage direct current (HVDC) remains unclear. In this work, a methodology is proposed for ageing state recognition of electrical insulation systems based on PD measurements under DC. For this purpose, original measuring devices have been developed and PD measurements were performed within different cable types under HVDC. In order to ensure a reliable monitoring and diagnosis of the insulation, noise signals must be eliminated. This thesis tackles the problem of the discrimination of partial discharge and noise signals acquired in different environments by applying machine learning methods. The techniques developed are a promising tool to improve the diagnosis of HV equipment under HVDC, where the need to discard automatically noise signals with high accuracy is of great importance. Once disturbances were eliminated from the databases, ageing state recognition was performed on different cable types. The feature extraction, ranking and selection methods, combined with classification techniques allowed to obtain recognition rates up to 100%
Cherifi, Abderrezak. "Contribution à l'étude des charges d'espace dans les polymères isolants utilisés en H. T. Améliorations de la méthode de l'onde thermique." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20020.
Full textTran, Van Top. "Étude de la génération des streamers dans l'huile minérale sous tension impulsionnelle et alternative." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0024.
Full textAlles, Joan. "Investigations on flashover of polluted insulators : Influence of silicone coating on the behavior of glass insulators under steep front impulse." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC058.
Full textThis thesis deals with the improvement of the electrical behavior of insulators of high voltage lines; the objective is to ensure better reliability and quality of power supply. This work was motivated by the need to answer three questions related to the behavior of glass insulators in polluted areas. The first one concerns the search for method for calculating the flashover voltage of polluted chains according to the type of insulator and its characteristics. The second question concerns the difference in behavior between glass insulators and "outerrib" porcelain insulators; this type of insulator has a specific shape adapted to environments with high pollution. The flashover voltages as well as the trajectories of the arc on glass insulators are very different from those observed with porcelain insulators. And the third issue is the failure of silicon-coated insulators during shock tests (pulses) with a steep front. Indeed, insulators coated with a layer of 0.3 mm (or more) of hydrophobic silicone explode when subjected to very high amplitude steep-edge voltage pulses for a very short time. Different mechanisms that may be responsible for the explosion / puncturing of insulators covered with a layer of silicone are discussed. It appears from the various tests and analyzes that the most probable mechanism seems to be plasma fragmentation (cracking). Indeed, following the application of a steep front voltage, of very high amplitude, microscopic channels (fissures) originate where the electric field is most intense. The repetitive application of impulse voltages (shocks) leads to the development of discharges in these channels (breakdown of the air), i.e.; arcs (plasma channels) which develop / propagate in the volume of the insulator. The discharged power (i.e.; the energy stored in the capacitors of the generator in a very short times) in these channels (cracks) at each shock being very high, leads to the explosion of the insulator after some shocks (5 to 6 sometimes): it is the fragmentation by plasma or plasma cracking
Mogniotte, Jean-François. "Conception d'un circuit intégré en SiC appliqué aux convertisseur de moyenne puissance." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0004/document.
Full textThe new SiC power switches is able to consider power converters, which could operate in harsh environments as in High Voltage (> 10kV) and High Temperature (> 300 °C). Currently, they are no specific solutions for controlling these devices in harsh environments. The development of elementary functions in SiC is a preliminary step toward the realization of a first demonstrator for these fields of applications. AMPERE laboratory (France) and the National Center of Microelectronic of Barcelona (Spain) have elaborated an elementary electrical compound, which is a lateral dual gate MESFET in Silicon Carbide (SiC). The purpose of this research is to conceive a monolithic power converter and its driver in SiC. The scientific approach has consisted of defining in a first time a SPICE model of the elementary MESFET from electric characterizations (fitting). Analog functions as : comparator, ring oscillator, Schmitt’s trigger . . . have been designed thanks to this SPICE’s model. A device based on a bridge rectifier, a regulated "boost" and its driver has been established and simulated with the SPICE Simulator. The converter has been sized for supplying 2.2 W for an area of 0.27 cm2. This device has been fabricated at CNM of Barcelona on semi-insulating SiC substrate. The electrical characterizations of the lateral compounds (resistors, diodes, MESFETs) checked the design, the "sizing" and the manufacturing process of these elementary devices and analog functions. The experimental results is able to considerer a monolithic driver in Wide Band Gap. The prospects of this research is now to realize a fully integrated power converter in SiC and study its behavior in harsh environments (especially in high temperature > 300 °C). Analysis of degradation mechanisms and reliability of the power converters would be so considerer in the future
Hammal, Redouane. "Décharges partielles dans les condensateurs tout-film imprégnés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10006.
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