Academic literature on the topic 'Isolation des parois'
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Journal articles on the topic "Isolation des parois":
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Kari, B., B. Perrin, and J. C. Foures. "Modélisation du comportement hygrothermique des parois multicouches: prévision des risques de condensation dans les parois à isolation intérieure et extérieure." Materials and Structures 25, no. 9 (November 1992): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02472452.
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Preumont, André. "Active Damping, Vibration Isolation, and Shape Control of Space Structures: A Tutorial." Actuators 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2023): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12030122.
Abstract:
This tutorial reviews the author’s contributions to the active control of precision space structures over the past 35 years. It is based on the Santini lecture presented at the IAC-2022 Astronautical Congress in Paris in September 2022. The first part is devoted to the active damping of space trusses with an emphasis on robustness. Guaranteed stability is achieved by using decentralized collocated actuator–sensor pairs. The so-called integral force feedback (IFF) is simple, robust, and effective, and the performances can be predicted easily with simple formulae based on modal analyses. These predictions have been confirmed by numerous experiments. The damping strategy for trusses has been extended to cable structures, and also confirmed experimentally. The second part addresses the problem of vibration isolation: isolating a sensitive payload from the vibration induced by the spacecraft (i.e., the unbalanced mass of attitude control reaction wheels and gyros). A six-axis isolator based on a Gough–Stewart platform is discussed; once again, the approach emphasizes robustness. Two different solutions are presented: The first one (active isolation) uses a decentralized controller with collocated pairs of the actuator and force sensor, with IFF control. It is demonstrated that this special implementation of the skyhook, unlike the classical one, has guaranteed stability, even if the two substructures it connects are flexible (typical of large space structures). A second approach (passive) discusses an electromagnetic implementation of the relaxation isolator where the classical dash-pot of the linear damper is substituted by a Maxwell unit, leading to an asymptotic decay rate of −40 dB/decade, similar to the skyhook (although much simpler in terms of electronics). The third part of the lecture summarizes more recent work done on the control of flexible mirrors: (i) flat mirrors for adaptive optics (AO) controlled by an array of piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) actuators and (ii) spherical thin shell polymer reflectors controlled by an array of piezoelectric polymer actuators (PVDF-TrFE) aimed at being deployed in space.
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Mo, Claudette L., Lee H. Thompson, E. Jane Homan, Marco T. Oviedo, Ellis C. Greiner, Johnny González, Maria R. Sáenz, and _. _. "Bluetongue virus isolations from vectors and ruminants in Central America and the Caribbean." American Journal of Veterinary Research 55, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1994.55.02.211.
Abstract:
Summary A regional prospective study of the epidemiology of bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes covering 11 countries in Central America and the Caribbean took place between 1987 and 1992. Active surveillance revealed btv infection to be endemic in the absence of confirmed indigenous cases of bluetongue. During the 6-year span of the study, over 300 btv isolations were obtained from cattle and sheep. Results of the earlier years of the study were summarized, and surveillance activities in the concluding months of the study from November 1990 to February 1992 were evaluated. Forty-five btv isolations were made during this time, 44 from sentinel cattle and 1 from a ram with clinical signs compatible with contagious ecthyma. Virus isolation from potential vectors also was attempted, yielding a further 9 btv isolates from parous Culicoides insignis and C pusillus, 2 btv isolates from blood engorged C filarifer, and 1 epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus type-2 isolate from parous C pusillus. Our extensive network of sentinel herds in the region detected btv-1 as the predominant serotype in Central America in 1991, after an apparent absence of 1 year in the sentinel animals. Other serotypes in Central America at that time included btv-3 and btv-6 in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, btv-4 became the predominant serotype, without detection of btv-8 and btv-17, which were common in recent years of the study. The serotypes found in the Caribbean Basin continued to have marked differences from those in North America. The importance of viewing bluetongue as an infection, the distribution of which is determined principally by ecologic factors, is emphasized.
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Lawrence, Christine, Monique Reyrolle, Sylvie Dubrou, Françoise Forey, Bénedicte Decludt, Claire Goulvestre, Peggy Matsiota-Bernard, Jerome Etienne, and Charles Nauciel. "Single Clonal Origin of a High Proportion of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Isolates from Patients and the Environment in the Area of Paris, France, over a 10-Year Period." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 8 (1999): 2652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.8.2652-2655.1999.
Abstract:
Arbitrarily primed PCR with three primers and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were used to characterize a set of 75 clinicalLegionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates, with no apparent epidemiological link, obtained from 24 hospitals in Paris, France, from 1987 to 1997. Unexpectedly, 25 clinical isolates from 15 hospitals had an identical profile (termed type A) by both methods. The same profile was subsequently found in 16 of 64 randomly selected environmental L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from 15 different sites in the Paris area. There was no evidence of geographic clustering or a peak incidence of type A isolation. Type A has not been found in France outside the Paris area, suggesting that a particular type of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 is specifically present in the Paris water distribution network.
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Bielniak, Nel. "„Nostalgia” i inne opowiadania Nadieżdy Teffi, czyli Rosjanie w Paryżu lat 20. XX wieku." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 44, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2019.44.1.3.
Abstract:
In her humorous 1920s short stories Teffi shows the dramatic situation of Russian diaspora in Paris mainly through the prism of ordinary emigrants. The writer pays attention, among others, to such issues connected with the life of refugees as isolation, alienation, poverty, prurient nostalgia or national identity.
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Merdjanoff, Alexis A. "Fatal isolation: The devastating Paris heat wave of 2003." Global Public Health 12, no. 4 (February 23, 2017): 515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2017.1293127.
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Nobert, Sébastien. "Fatal Isolation: The Devastating Paris Heat Wave of 2003." Modern & Contemporary France 24, no. 2 (February 18, 2016): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639489.2016.1142958.
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Vidal-Trecan, Gwenaëlle M., Natalie Delamare, Stephanie Tcherny-Lessenot, Jacqueline Lamory, François Baudin, Michel de Prittwitz, and Dominique Salmon-Ceron. "Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Infection Control: Study of Compliance With Isolation Precautions in a Paris University Hospital." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 22, no. 02 (February 2001): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501873.
Abstract:
Abstract Isolation practices in a university hospital were analyzed for 137 patients with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Isolation was ordered in writing by physicians for 40% and instituted by nurses for 60%; 74% were isolated. Compliance depended on physician ordering in writing (odds ratio, 36.3; 95% confidence interval, 4.8-274.9). Nurses complied best with hand washing.
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Stutje, Jan Willem. "Trotskyism Emerges from Obscurity: New Chapters in Its Historiography." International Review of Social History 49, no. 2 (August 2004): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900400152x.
Abstract:
BENSAÏD, DANIEL. Les trotskysmes. Deuxième éd. [Que sais-je?, 3629.] Presses Universitaires de France, Paris 2002. 128 pp. € 6.50.CHARPIER, FRÉDÉRIC. Histoire de l'extrême gauche trotskiste. De 1929 à nos jours. Editions 1, Paris 2002. 402 pp. € 22.00.MARIE, JEAN-JACQUES. Le trotskysme et les trotskystes. D'hier à aujourd'hui, l'ideologie et les objectifs des trotskystes à travers le monde. [Collection L'Histoire au present.] Armand Colin, Paris 2002. 224 pp. € 21.00.NICK, CHRISTOPHE. Les Trotskistes. Fayard, [Paris] 2003. 618 pp. € 23.00.The Trotskyist Fourth International went through many quarrels and splits after its foundation in 1938 – understandably, given the political and social isolation in which the movement generally functioned. Its enemies to its left and right crowded the Trotskyists into an uncomfortably narrow space. Trotskyists' intense internal discussions functioned as a sort of immune response, which could only be effective if theoretical and programmatic issues were clearly formulated. The more practical success eluded them, the more programmatic clarity served as compensation and monopolized their attention. In the name of various “isms” their passions sometimes took acute forms, while, under the surface, “ordinary” human shortcomings threw oil on the fire.
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Eseverri-Mayer, Cecilia. "Self-Identification in a Spanish barrio and a French banlieue: The Case of North African Second Generations." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/640.
Abstract:
This comparative and qualitative research examines the types of ethnic, racial, religious, and social identification that North-African second generations adopted in a banlieue of Paris and a peripheral barrio of Madrid. Four types of self-identification were detected in the neighborhood of Les Bosquets (Paris) and three in the neighborhood of San Cristobal (Madrid). In Les Bosquets, isolation, Islamophobia and the relationships with the police give rise to a "reactive ethnicity"; a new conservative Islam gains many followers ("Muslim self-identification"); race appears for the first time as an element of self-identification ("indigenous self-identification”) and secularism has waned (“laïc self-identification”). In San Cristóbal, a significant share still feels like immigrants (“immigrant identification”); a new Spanish-Muslim generation (“hybrid self-identification”) is born, and the most vulnerable youth adopt a conservative Islam while simultaneously developing a sense of “neighborhood pride” and identification with the working class (“neighborhood identification”).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Isolation des parois":
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Chazot, Jean-Daniel. "TRANSPARENCE ACOUSTIQUE DE DOUBLES PAROIS REMPLIES DE MATÉRIAUX GRANULAIRES." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142256.
Abstract:
Une étude théorique, basée sur la méthode des mobilités de surface, et expérimentale de la transparence acoustique des doubles parois est présentée. L'étude de la diffusivité du champ acoustique pariétal d'excitation est aussi réalisée à l'aide d'un nouvel indice permettant d'expliquer la dispersion des mesures de transparence acoustique inter-laboratoires. L'ajout de matériaux granulaires est ensuite étudié, et un modèle basé sur une simplification du modèle de Biot est proposé. Il permet d'utiliser une méthode de résolution très performante en terme de temps de calcul. Des méthodes de mesure inverse sont alors utilisées afin de déterminer les caractéristiques de ces matériaux, et donnent des résultats probants. Enfin, l'amélioration de l'isolation acoustique par optimisation de la position de liens mécaniques est étudiée, et les solutions théoriques sont ensuite testées expérimentalement.
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Bouhioui, Hamid. "Étude vibro-acoustique d'un montage en double parois de verre." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD611.
Abstract:
Pour résoudre le problème de la transmission acoustique à travers les doubles parois finies bafflées, nous avons développé une méthode mixte, basée sur une formulation par éléments finis classiques pour la structure et le fluide interne et une formulation par équations intégrales pour les fluides extérieurs. Certaines propriétés particulières au comportement des doubles parois couplées par une lame de fluide intermédiaire ont ainsi pu être mises en évidence. La plus importante est l'existence de plusieurs modes couples particuliers autour de la fréquence communément désignée par fréquence masse-ressort-masse. Cette appellation semble d'ailleurs inadaptée voire abusive dans le cas des parois doubles finies, et décrit mal la complexité du comportement du système, due aux phénomènes de réflexion sur les bords. Il existe, en effet, plusieurs zones fréquentielles ou le facteur de perte par transmission subit des chutes importantes.
3
Sambou, Vincent. "Transferts thermiques instationnaires : vers une optimisation de parois de bâtiments." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/252/.
Abstract:
L'objectif de notre travail est d'optimiser une paroi multicouche ou un élément de paroi alvéolaire par rapport à l'isolation thermique et l'inertie thermique. Nous avons montré que la capacité thermique déduite de la représentation quadripolaire d'une paroi est un paramètre caractérisant l'inertie de la paroi. L'optimisation d'une paroi multicouche, en plus de donner la disposition optimale des couches, a aussi déterminé l'épaisseur optimale de la couche massive. La production d'entropie irréversible journalière d'une paroi multicouche a confirmé la meilleure disposition des couches. Un élément de paroi alvéolaire représenté par une cavité partitionnée a été étudié théoriquement et expérimentalement en régime permanent et en régime variable. Cette étude a montré la prépondérance du transfert radiatif sur le transfert convectif dans les alvéoles. Un nombre optimal de cloisons donnant une résistance maximale a été trouvé. L'influence de paramètres pertinents de la cavité partitionnée sur le transfert thermique et sur la résistance thermique a été mise en évidence. L'étude de l'influence de la période de la température excitatrice sur les transferts convectif et radiatif a décelé l'existence d'une fréquence de résonnance dans l'alvéole la plus proche de la condition aux limites variable. Un modèle simplifié 1D des transferts thermiques dans une cavité partitionnée validé numériquement et expérimentalement nous a permis d'appliquer la méthode des quadripôles aux cavités partitionnées. Une cavité partitionnée a pu ainsi être optimisée par rapport à l'isolation thermique et à l'inertie thermiqueThe objective of this work is to optimize a multilayered wall or an element of alveolar wall in relation to insulation and thermal inertia. We showed that the thermal capacity deducted of the quadruple representation of a wall is a parameter characterizing thermal inertia of the wall. The optimization of a multilayered wall gives the optimal disposition of the wall layers and determines the optimal thickness of the massive layer. The daily entropy production of a multilayered wall confirms the best disposition of the layers. Heat transfer in an element of alveolar wall represented by a partitioned cavity has been theoretically and experimentally studied. Our results show the preponderance of the radiation heat transfer on the convection one. An optimal number of partitions giving a maximal resistance is found. The influence of pertinent parameters on heat transfer and thermal resistance is emphasized. Influence study of the exciting temperature period on the convection and radiation heat transfer shows the existence of a resonance frequency in the alveolus nearest to the variable boundary. A simplified 1D model of heat transfer in a partitioned cavity that has been validated both numerically and experimentally allows to apply quadruple method to partitioned cavity. Thus, a partitioned cavity can be optimized as regards insulation and thermal inertia
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Tribaleau, Antonin. "Isolement acoustique de parois aux basses fréquences : programmation d'outils prédictifs et confrontations expérimentales dans le cas de planchers solivés en bois." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939357.
Abstract:
Dans le domaine de l'acoustique du bâtiment, la structuredes constructions en bois est légère et ses capacités d'isolementacoustique sont faibles en particulier pour les basses fréquencesen comparaison à d'autres techniques de constructioncomme le béton. Les travaux de cette thèse se donc sont centréssur l'élaboration d'un outil prédictif visant à déterminer lesperformances acoustiques des planchers solivés en bois afin decompléter les outils prédictifs actuellement sur le marché. Laméthode des éléments finis est adaptée pour résoudre ce problèmevibro-acoustique car le comportement basses fréquencesest de type modal. Pour gagner en temps de calcul, une résolutionmixte éléments finis - formulation intégrale d'Huygens etdifférentes optimisations ont été mises en place. Grâce à l'utilisationde la méthode des éléments finis, il a été possible demettre en évidence des résonances de ce problème couplé quifont chuter localement la valeur de l'affaiblissement ; celles-cine peuvent être prises en compte par la méthode des matricesde transfert. Néanmoins, ces deux méthodes fournissent des alluresmoyennes de courbes d'affaiblissement équivalentes, enparticulier lors d'une étude en tiers d'octave. Pour aborder leproblème des transmissions latérales, nous avons montré lafaisabilité de la détermination expérimentale des propriétés mécaniqueséquivalentes d'un élément de jonction courant entreles planchers et les murs : le sabot métallique. Un modèle mécaniquesimplifié par éléments finis permet ainsi un couplagemécanique entre les solives et les poutres en intégrant les effetslocaux de dissipation présents pour ce type de jonction.
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Berthou, Yannick. "Étude de parois de bâtiments passifs associant un Matériau à Changement de Phase (MCP) et une super isolation transparents." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0109.
Abstract:
Afin de réduire l'impact environnemental des bâtiments, il est prioritaire de développer des stratégies nouvelles en termes d'isolation et d'exploittion des énergies renouvelables. De ce contexte s'est dégagée l'idée de concevoir, mettre en oeuvre et étudier un mur capteur de chaleur nouvelle génération semi-transparent associant une couche super-isolante (aérogel de silice) et une couche pour l'absoption, le stockage et la restitution de chaleur (Matériau à Changement de Phase). Ce mur a été caractérisé expérimentalement en ambiance contrôlée et in situ sur un bâtiment grandeur nature. Ses qualités en therme d'isolation thermique et de contribution aux apports énergétiques et lumineux ont été mises en évidence. Une limite d'utilisation du mur MCP-aérogel a été observée en été et sur une partie des intersaisons. Le MCP reste liquide d'une journée à l'autre, ce qui est causé par une restitution insuffisante de chaleur la uit engendrant à termes une surchauffe du bâtiment. Un modèle numérique du mur MCP-aérogel a été développé et validé. Ce modèle, couplé au logiciel de simulation dynamique des systme thermiques TRNSYS, a permis d'étudier le coportement du mur pour quatre climats et deux types de bâtiment (un bâtiment d'habitation : une maison "incas" de l'INES à Chabéry, et un bâtiment en évolution libre : la cellule test expérimentale du CEP à Sophia Antipolis). Ces études ont confirmé l'intérêt du mur MCP-aérogel pour l'amélioration des performances énergétiques du bâtimentTo reduce the environmental impact of buildings, it is a priority to develop new strategies concerning the insulation and the exploitation of the renewable energies. Xithin this context appeared the odea to design, to implement an to study a new generation of semi-transparent solar wall associating a super-insulating layer (silica aerogel) and a layer of a material ermitting the absorption, the storage and the restituion of heat (Phase Change Material). This wall was experimentally characterized in controlled atmosphere and in situ on a full-size building. Its qualities in terms of heat insulation and contribution to the energy balance and daylight were revealed. A limit of use pCM-aerogel wall was noticed in summer and on a part of the inter seasons. The PCM aerogel wallwas developed and validated. This model, coupled withTRNSYS, a software for the dynamic simulation of thermal systems, allowed to study the behavior of the wall for four cliamtesand two types of building (a residential building : an "Incas" house of the ines at Chambéry, and a building in free evolution : the experimental test cell of the CEP at Sophia Antipolis. These studies confirmed the interest of he MCP-aerogel wall for the improvement of the energy performances of the building
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Sassine, Emilio. "Analyse typologique et thermique des maisons anciennes de Lille : Etude expérimentale et numérique des parois verticales." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0213/document.
Abstract:
Le secteur des logements présente un potentiel non négligeable d'économies d'énergie surtout au niveau du chauffage qui constitue une part importante des factures énergétiques en France. Notre travail s'inscrit dans l'optique de réduction des consommations énergétiques des logements en étudiant le transfert thermique dans les parois opaques du bâti ancien et en étudiant différentes configurations et différents types d'isolants thermiques. Après une analyse du contexte et des enjeux de la problématique énergétique des bâtiments anciens, nous avons abordé une analyse typologique des maisons anciennes lilloises en identifiant les quatre familles principales de typologies : la maison de courée, la maison ouvrière, la maison de ville et la maison bourgeoise ; en identifiant ainsi leurs ressemblances et leur variantes. Ensuite, nous avons étudié en détails le transfert thermique dans un mur en brique caractéristique de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais; une étude expérimentale a été comparée à diverses approches théoriques en divers régimes (régime permanent, régime harmonique et régime quelconque). Après l'étude du mur dans son état initial (avant isolation), nous avons caractérisé expérimentalement cinq matériaux isolants (polystyrène, laine de bois, laine de mouton, lin et métisse) pour étudier ensuite leur apport en termes de réduction de déperditions thermiques pour le mur étudié. Nous avons appliqué expérimentalement 3 cm de polystyrène pour l'isolation du mur afin de valider la méthode théorique. Une fois cette dernière validée, une comparaison de différents matériaux isolants et différentes configurations (isolation par l'intérieur et isolation par l'extérieur) a été établie afin d'identifier la configuration et le(s) matériau(x) le(s) plus intéressant(s). Enfin, des simulations thermiques dynamiques à l'échelle du bâtiment ont été réalisées pour les différentes typologies dans le but de valider les résultats obtenus à l'échelle du mur, de comparer les performances énergétiques des différentes typologies et de quantifier les économies d'énergie possibles pour différents bouquets de travaux d'isolationThe housing sector has a significant energy saving potential especially in terms of heating which constitutes an important part of energy bills in France. Our work joins the optics of reducing energy consumption of housing by studying heat transfer in the opaque walls of old buildings and studying different configurations and types of thermal insulation materials. After an analysis of the context and the energy’s problematic of old buildings, we discussed a typological analysis of Lille’s old houses by identifying four main families of typologies: the “courée” house, the worker’s house, the town house and the mansion, thereby identifying their similarities and variations. Then, we thoroughly studied the heat transfer in a brick wall characteristic of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region; an experimental study was compared to various theoretical approaches in various regimes (steady state, harmonic, and random regime). After the study of the wall in its initial state (before insulation), we experimentally characterized five insulating materials (polystyrene, wood wool, sheep wool, linen and recycled textile) in order to study then their contribution in terms of heat losses’ reduction through the studied wall. We experimentally applied 3 cm of polystyrene wall insulation to validate the theoretical method. Once it was validated, a comparison of different insulating materials and configurations (interior insulation and external insulation) was established to identify the most interesting configuration and insulation material(s). Finally, dynamic thermal simulations on the building scale were carried out for the different buildings typologies in order to validate the results obtained on the wall scale, to compare the energy performance of the different building typologies, and quantify the energy savings potential for thermal insulation scenarios
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Traoré, Issiaka. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans les parois des bâtiments à ossature bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10085/document.
Abstract:
Ce travail de thèse porte sur la modélisation et la caractérisation des transferts de chaleur et de masse dans les parois multicouches des bâtiments à ossature bois. Un code instationnaire permettant de simuler les transferts de chaleur et de masse dans une lame d'air en géométrie bidimensionnelle, qui est un élément de la paroi multicouches, a été développé et validé. Les validations numériques en régimes transitoire et stationnaire ont porté sur la totalité des modes de transfert (conduction, écoulement en convection naturelle et forcée, rayonnement entre surfaces, transfert massique et condensation surfacique). Ensuite, ce code intégrant la présence d'une lame d'air dans la paroi a été couplé au code Transpore développé au LERFOB. Ce dernier traite rigoureusement les transferts dans les matériaux solides hygroscopiques. Pour la validation expérimentale du code complet couplé, une cellule expérimentale a été construite et instrumentée pour étudier le comportement hygrothermique des parois étudiées. Cette cellule, régulée thermiquement et hygroscopiquement en température et en humidité relative, a été mise en place au CRITT BOIS d'Epinal. Des comparaisons entre les résultats expérimentaux et numériques sont également présentées et discutées. De nombreuses campagnes de caractérisation thermique sur divers matériaux (isolants à base de fibres de bois, bois massifs, ...) ont également été menées. L'influence de la température et de l'humidité sur la conductivité thermique et la chaleur spécifique a été largement analyséeThis thesis focuses on modeling and characterization of heat and mass transfer in a wooden building envelope. A code which simulates unsteady heat and mass in an air layer in two-dimensional geometry, which is part of the multi-layer wall, was developed and validated. Numerical validations that include all transfer modes were achieved for unsteady and steady states regimes (conduction, convection, surface-to-surface radiation, mass transfer and surface condensation). Then, the code developed for the air layer at the LEMTA was coupled to the code Transpore used at the LERFOB. The latter one deals with the transfer in hygroscopic solid materials. For the experimental validation of the fully coupled code, an experimental cell was constructed and instrumented to study the hygrothermal behavior of the studied walls. This cell which is thermally and hygroscopicly controlled was set up at the CRITT BOIS. Comparisons between the experimental and numerical results are presented and discussed. Besides, several experiments of thermal characterization of various materials (insulators containing wood fibers, solid wood ...) were also conducted. The influence of temperature and moisture on thermal conductivity and specific heat was largely investigated
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Guichard, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes intégrant des matériaux à changements de phase : modélisation, expérimentation, et évaluation de la performance énergétique globale." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0008/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une démarche de maîtrise de l'énergie dans le secteur du bâtiment. Elle a pour but d'utiliser des solutions passives pour atteindre de hautes performances énergétiques. Une des solutions proposée, est l'utilisation de Matériaux à Changements de Phase (MCP) dans les parois. Les matériaux à formes stabilisée solide-liquide, sont utilisés pour stocker l'énergie thermique sous forme de chaleur latente. Le but de l'étude est de mettre en évidence l'impact réel des MCP en terme de complément d'isolation thermique et de proposer un modèle thermique pour prédire son impact sur le champ de température et par conséquent, sur le confort thermique. Une séquence expérimentale en environnement naturel et à grande échelle a été menée à l'île de La Réunion, où le climat est tropical et humide, avec un fort taux d'ensoleillement. Le rayonnement solaire étant important, il est nécessaire de minimiser les sollicitations solaires sur l'ensemble du bâtiment et en particulier la toiture, qui constitue la surface la plus exposée. La présence de lames d'airs au niveau de la toiture, qualifie celle-ci de complexe. Il est alors nécessaire de proposer une modélisation adaptée. Le modèle est couplé à un code de simulation thermique du bâtiment (ISOLAB) et permet de prédire d'une part, les profils de températures de chacune des surfaces constituant l'enveloppe du bâtiment, et d'autre part, d'évaluer l'impact des MCP sur le confort thermique pour différentes configurations. Selon une méthodologie, alliant Modélisation, Expérimentation et Validation (MEV), la démarche a permis de valider l'expérimentation dédiée et d'évaluer la capacité du modèle à prédire l'ensemble des données issues de l'expérimentationThis Ph.D thesis focusses on energy control in buildings in order to reach high energetic performances by the use of passive means. One of the proposed solution is based on the use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs). Located into walls, PCMs allow to stock thermal energy into latent heat. The aim of the study is thus to put in evidence PCMs actual impacts on the thermal field of a building and its role as thermal insulation. For these considerations, a thermal model has been developed and validated. An experimental device has been set-up for the collection of data in field environment and for a human scale. The measurement sequence has been conducted at Reunion Island, for a hot and humid tropical climate. For the determination of the thermal behaviour of a commplex wall included PCMs, we proposed a generic model, able to predict many configurations. The model has been implemented in a multizone building simulation code (ISOLAB), for the prediction of wall temperature profiles and PCMs impact on the thermal comfort. Following a combined metholodogy, including modelling and experimentation for validation, we were able to validate the model for actual conditions and to evaluate the model's prediction accuracy
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Assaf, Rawad. "Analyse du comportement vibroacoustique des parois multicouches composites dans les constructions." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1036/document.
Abstract:
Les structures à double paroi sont largement utilisées dans la lutte contre les nuisances sonores et vibratoires en raison de leur supériorité en terme d'isolation acoustique sur les parois simples. Parmi les exemples typiques on peut citer les doubles vitrages, le fuselage des avions, les véhicules, etc. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude expérimentale et numérique du comportement vibroacoustique des doubles parois feuilletées. Le système étudié est composé de deux plaques sandwichs à cœur viscoélastique séparées par une cavité remplie d'air. Nous avons développé un modèle éléments finis basé sur une formulation variationnelle impliquant le déplacement en tout point de la structure et la pression acoustique dans la cavité d'air. Due aux propriétés mécaniques complexes du matériau viscoélastique utilisé dans le cœur des panneaux, cette formulation est complexe et dépend de la fréquence. La résolution de ce modèle par les méthodes directes a un coût numérique exorbitant. Nous avons réussi à développer un modèle d'ordre réduit à faible coût numérique capable de prédire la transmission sonore quelque soit le domaine fréquentiel d'étude. Ce modèle, basé sur la méthode de superposition modale, nécessite le calcul des modes découplés solide et acoustique du système. Les modes solides sont les modes réels et non amortis des panneaux sandwich sans charge de pression acoustique à l'interface fluide-structure, tandis que les modes acoustiques sont les modes de la cavité acoustique avec des conditions aux limites de parois rigides à l'interface fluide-structure. Pour valider notre modèle numérique, nous avons réalisé des mesures expérimentales de vitrages simples, feuilletés et doubles selon la norme ISO 140. Cette norme concerne la mesure de l'isolement acoustique des immeubles et des éléments de construction. Les comparaisons entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux montrent une assez bonne corrélation entre les deux approchesDouble-wall structures are widely used in noise control due to their superiority over single-leaf structures in providing better acoustic insulation. Typical examples include double glazed windows, fuselage of airplanes, vehicles, etc. In this context, we are interested in experimental and numerical study of the vibro-acoustic behavior of double-wall sandwich panels with viscoelastic core coupled to an acoustic enclosure. A finite element formulation is derived from a variational principle involving structural displacement and acoustic pressure in the fluid cavity. Since the elasticity modulus of the viscoelastic core is complex and frequency dependent, this formulation is complex and nonlinear. Therefore, the direct solution of this problem can be considered only for small model sizes. We successfully developed a reduced order-model to predict the sound transmission in any frequency range at a lower numerical cost. This model, based on a normal mode expansion, requires the computation of the uncoupled structural and acoustic modes. The uncoupled structural modes are the real and undamped modes of the sandwich panels without fluid pressure loading at fluid-structure interface, whereas the uncoupled acoustic modes are the cavity modes with rigid wall boundary conditions at the fluid-structure interface. Our numerical model is validated by means of experiments realized on simple, double and laminated glazing according to ISO 140 standards. This standard concerns the measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements. The numerical predictions agree reasonably well with experiments
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Miranville, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes en physique du bâtiment : modélisation, expérimentation et validation expérimentale de complexes de toitures incluant des produits minces réfléchissants en climat tropical humide." La Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463069/fr/.
Abstract:
Ces travaux traitent d'un type particulier de parois complexes, incluant des produits minces réfléchissants (PMR). Ils sont utilisés en isolation thermique des bâtiments en raison de leurs faces réfléchissantes. Cependant, compte tenu de leur constitution, ils ne sont pas tous définis comme des isolants thermiques (norme NF-P-75-101), ce qui les exclut des procédures de certification. Leur mise en oeuvre nécessite des lames d'air, ce qui génére des transferts énergétiques couplés. La problématique des PMR est ainsi double, réglementaire et scientifique. Pour y répondre, une méthodologie en deux volets est proposée. Le premier consiste en la détermination expérimentale des caractéristiques thermiques de toitures complexes ; le second traite de la modélisation d'une toiture complexe au départ d'un code de calcul dédié. Les deux volets sont conciliés dans une démarche de validation expérimentale, menant à l'évaluation de la fiabilité des prédictions du code de calcul.
Books on the topic "Isolation des parois":
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Paris, France) Semaine sociale de France (84th 2009. Nouvelles solidarités, nouvelle société: Actes de la 84e session, Paris Nord Villepinte, Parc des expositions, 20-22 novembre 2009. Montrouge: Bayard, 2010.
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Keller, Richard C. Fatal Isolation: The Devastating Paris Heat Wave of 2003. University of Chicago Press, 2015.
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Keller, Richard C. Fatal Isolation: The Devastating Paris Heat Wave Of 2003. University of Chicago Press, 2015.
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Foss, Colin. The Culture of War. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621921.001.0001.
Abstract:
The Culture of War explores the unexpected flourishing of literature both high and low during the Siege of Paris at the end of the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871. When Prussian forces completely blockaded Paris, isolating the city from the outside world, Parisians turned to literature to resist the enemy, to fill the idle hours under siege, and to articulate their place in history. This cultural boom was a conscious effort on the part of literary institutions like newspapers, publishers, and theaters to ensure the viability of their industries during a period of political uncertainty. To do so, many publishers, editors, and directors sought legitimacy through populism, promoting literature written by anonymous and unknown authors or that spoke to populist ideas. A study of national tragedy on a local scale, The Culture of War goes beyond traditional narratives of communal or individual psychology, and studies institutional responses to financial and political instability, viewing literature as a product of economic and political forces.
Book chapters on the topic "Isolation des parois":
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Stone, Heather N. "Place-Conscious Education: Teaching Displacement Using Oral Histories in Virtual Reality." In Migration, Displacement, and Higher Education, 245–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12350-4_20.
Abstract:
AbstractDeep in the bayous of Louisiana lies Isle de Jean Charles, home to the tribe of the Jean Charles Choctaw Nation, made up of the tribes of the Biloxi, Chitimacha, and Choctaw, since the early 1800s. At this time the three tribes were distinct and had kept much of their culture intact by isolating themselves from European contact, even if it meant ceding their land. They were seen as “invisible people,” those who kept to themselves to avoid contact with whites. As the remnants of the tribes of the Biloxi, Chitimacha, and Choctaw resettled in Terrebonne Parish, their land encompassed 22,000 acres (about half the size of Washington, DC). After their initial displacements, the tribe suffered loss of land again when oil companies dug more than 10,000 miles of canals straight through the wetlands and brought oil rigs to Isle de Jean Charles. Promised repair of wetlands never happened. Isle de Jean Charles has now been reduced to only 320 acres (which is about five and a half times the size of the National Cathedral in Washington, DC), and, in some places, is only a quarter of a mile wide. Virtual reality lessons have been implemented to teach others by documenting the residents’ voices using their history of place and ancestry and experiences of displacement due to the dramatic loss of land brought on by the destruction of wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Longenbach, James. "Paris and the Florida Land Boom." In Wallace Stevens, 120–32. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195068634.003.0009.
Abstract:
Abstract Stevens cultivated his isolation in the 1920s. During the First World War, he had benefited from an expatriate movement that carried artists to New York rather than Paris. But by 1916, when he moved from Manhattan to Hartford, Stevens’s artistic life became distanced from the currents of international modernism, and by 1922 he no longer cared to preserve the attachments he once enjoyed. Tired of the “art crowd,” Stevens packed up his collection of exhibition catalogues (which he considered a complete survey of what had been shown in New York for the previous ten years) and gave them to the Wadsworth Atheneum.
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Tilles, Gérard. "The ringworm children at the Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris." In Ringworm and Irradiation, 31–76. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197568965.003.0003.
Abstract:
Starting in the 1850s, the treatment of ringworm, also known as tinea capitis, in children became valued as a serious matter for the dermatologists practicing at Saint-Louis Hospital in Paris. In the 1890s Sabouraud’s seminal works in mycology highlighted the interest in tinea capitis. Ringworm’s contagiousness, which justified the isolation of affected children, and their need for education led to the creation of the Ecole de Teigneux inside the Saint-Louis Hospital. It was later transformed into a central hospital for children with ringworm. At the turn of the 19th century, tinea capitis generated a medical anxiety that legitimized the use of x-rays, even though the safety of this treatment was unclear.
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Foss, Colin. "Introduction." In The Culture of War, 1–22. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621921.003.0001.
Abstract:
While scholarly interest is often drawn to the more tumultuous Paris Commune of 1871, insistence on this moment of revolution and civil war obscures the specific stakes of the Siege of Paris, which was not as much a revolution as a moment of suspension in French history. Cut off from the rest of the world, Parisians were left to their own devices during the Siege. What resulted was a literary industry with few established authors present, limited resources, and enormous demand. Despite the circumstances, Parisians turned to literature to alleviate their isolation and bear witness to the unspeakable tragedy that surrounded them. The relative anonymity of Parisian literary production during the Siege has erroneously led to the conclusion that culture came to a standstill during this period. However, a closer look at literary institutions, which weathered the storm of national defeat remarkably well, shows that literature does not disappear in times of war: it simply changes form. The introduction defines the four major sites of cultural production and the networks that existed within and among them: theaters, newspapers, personal writing, and book publishing.
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Mantovan, Lara. "Segni, gesti e parole: uno sguardo d’insieme." In Segni, gesti e parole Studi sulla lingua dei segni italiana e su fenomeni di contatto intermodale. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-730-2/000.
Abstract:
For many years, linguistic analysis focused on static linguistic forms with clearly delineated boundaries, such as sentences in isolation and in written form. In more recent times, the spread of branches of linguistics such as discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, corpus analysis and pragmatics has prompted many scholars to investigate linguistic forms of a different kind such as, for example, spontaneous language use in real contexts, interaction between speakers and discourses of varying length and nature.
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Dommett, Katharine, Glenn Kefford, and Simon Kruschinski. "Theoretical Framework." In Data-Driven Campaigning and Political Parties, 20–42. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197570227.003.0002.
Abstract:
Abstract Data-driven campaigning can come in a variety of different forms, but at present there is a limited understanding of what drives this variation. In this chapter the authors build on existing theories to present a party-centered, multilevel framework for understanding why data-driven campaigning can differ between parties and across countries. Isolating the influence of systemic, regulatory, and party-level considerations, the chapter introduces 12 variables across the three levels and outlines how and why they may exert an impact on data-driven campaigning (DDC). This chapter accordingly provides the first comparative theoretical account of data-driven campaigning variation available to date, which will be applied to explain differences within and across the five democracies under study in Chapter 7. Extending previous work, this chapter shows that it is not only data and privacy regulation or resource that can affect the form of DDC, but that other previously neglected influences can be consequential.
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Crocker, Richard. "French Polyphony of the Thirteenth Century." In The Early Middle Ages to 1300, 636–78. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780193163294.003.0013.
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Abstract Up to the stage at which the discant clausula was provided with a Latin text in the duplum, the development of polyphony at Notre Dame in Paris could be traced in relative isolation from other music of the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Chapter XII describes the features that set Notre-Dame organa style apart-consistent use of a cantus firmus from the Gregorian repertory of the archetype, very extended melismatic writing for two, three, or four voices, modal rhythm, and eventually overlapping phrases between tenor and upper parts. All of that development seemed to have a logic and momentum of its own, and the kind of music it produced in the organa and independent clausulas in Perotin's style were distinctly different from any other music we know of that time. Then, with the Latin texting of the clausula duplum, more similarities with other kinds of music appear; and from then on, in fact, the Notre-Dame style merged with other music, eventually losing its individuality.
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Grafton, Anthony. "From Preuilly to Leiden." In Joseph Scaliger, 361–93. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199206018.003.0031.
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Abstract Between 1583 and 1593 Scaliger’s life changed dramatically for the worse, and he plunged into isolation and despair. Political and social conditions in the cities grew increasingly violent and chaotic. The Catholic League drove most of his close friends in the Parlement out of Paris; Brisson, who insisted on remaining, died miserably at their hands. The assassinations of 1588 further polluted the poisoned air of French politics. And Scaliger himself, though safe enough as a member of the Rocheposay household, found himself confined in one small chateau after another, mostly around Poitiers in the west. Now he really was a prisoner in Arabia deserta. The constant threats of attack and need to move prevented him from engaging in serious study. He saw no hope of regaining peace of mind, freedom to travel, or even access to his own library. ‘I did little studying; I had to do more running than studying’—so he later summed up these agitated years.
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Henderson, John. "The Impact of Plague and Quarantine." In Florence Under Siege, 118–46. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300196344.003.0005.
Abstract:
This chapter details the impact on the population of the policies discussed in the previous chapter. It first analyses the factors underlying the spread of plague, both through Florence and at a more local level in the city's largest parish, S. Lorenzo. Based on records of city and parish, it has been possible to analyse the number of people infected and buried in relation to the topographical and social profiles of individual streets. If this enables one to consider some of the environmental determinants of infection, it is also possible to assess the impact on mortality of the policy of removing the sick from their houses to Lazaretti, through comparing the number of people buried in extra-mural plague pits with those at the isolation hospitals. For contemporaries it was successful, since higher numbers died in Lazaretti, suggesting that they had managed to identify and remove the sick before they got worse. This policy remained in force the next year when a new strategy was introduced, with the imposition from mid-January of a general 40-day quarantine of the inhabitants of both the city and the surrounding countryside. Although this was an extremely expensive operation, since food and drink were being supplied daily to over 34,000 people, the continued drop in mortality led contemporaries to regard this as fulfilling their aims.
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Sides, Josh. "Newcomers, New Revolutionaries, and New Spaces." In Erotic City, 205–26. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195377811.003.0008.
Abstract:
Abstract Back to the wasteland, that abandoned patch of Golden Gate Park at the foot of John F. Kennedy Drive, where the park meets the Pacific Ocean: preservationists had tried to revive it, bless their hearts. They quixotically restored one of the park’s oldest windmills in 1980, but the propeller proved too heavy to spin, so it never did. A few paces to the south, a dark tunnel opened to a small clearing behind the Beach Chalet where the foliage was dense enough to provide shelter for the homeless and the public sex hunters. In 1981, the last of the Beach Chalet’s long list of disreputable tenants—in this case a rough-and-tumble motorcycle bar—closed its doors, and the building was abandoned for almost two decades. The subsequent isolation of the area further enhanced its appeal as a public sex venue, even at the height of the AIDS epidemic in the early 1990s.
Conference papers on the topic "Isolation des parois":
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"Initial Studies on Isolation and Characterization of Antioxidant Compounds from Immature Berries of Ampelopsis grandulosa." In Sept. 17-19, 2018 Paris (France). Excellence in Research & Innovation, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eirai4.f0918202.
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Forni, Massimo, Alessandro Poggianti, Nicola Ranieri, and Gerardo De Canio. "Shaking Table Tests on Innovative Anti-Seismic Systems Developed in the Framework of the LESSLOSS European Integrated Project." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61229.
Abstract:
The Integrated Project LESSLOSS (Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides), partially funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Programme, started on September 2004 and was concluded in August 2007. Activities were carried out by 46 European partners, with a total budget of 9.4 ME. The Project was divided into 11 Sub-Projects. This paper describes the activities performed in the framework of Sub-Project 6 (Development and Manufacturing of Energy Dissipation Devices and Seismic Isolators), which was coordinated by ENEA and whose partnership included two manufacturers of antiseismic devices (ALGA, Milan, Italy and MAURER SHO¨NE, Munich, Germany) and two consulting and construction companies (STAP, Lisbon, Portugal and VINCI, Paris-Rueil, France). Aim of Sub-Project 6 was the development and validation of two innovative antiseismic devices (a low stiffness isolator and an electroinductive damper), the improvement of the performances of a slider with curved surface and the evaluation of benefits and limits of isolation systems based on steel hysteretic dissipaters coupled with flat sliders. The Low Stiffness Isolator (LSI) was developed by ALGA; it is a natural rubber seismic isolator particularly addressed to light structures like family houses. The Electroinductive Damper (DECS), developed by ALGA, is an energy dissipater based on the interaction of a diamagnetic material, like aluminium, with an electric field generated by permanent magnets. The Sliding Isolation Pendulum (SIP) developed by MAURER is an improved curved surface slider, capable of withstanding high weights for long periods without creep effects and high velocity deformations without damages due to friction. Finally, several types of Steel Hysteretic (SH) elements of different geometries and materials have been analyzed and tested in order of evaluating the benefits and the limits of such devices, with particular regard to the re-centering capabilities. All the abovementioned devices have been tested on the ENEA shaking table of the Casaccia labs (near Rome), with a suitable mock-up capable of providing a 300 kN force on the devices in the acceleration and frequency ranges of interest, using several natural and artificial acceleration time histories purposely developed by ENEA. The paper describes the main features of the devices, the numerical activity aimed at the optimization of their behavior and the results of the four shaking table campaigns carried out on each device.
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Zheng, Danzhu, Evren Ozbayoglu, Stefan Miska, Baldino Silvio, Yaxin Liu, and Junzhe Wang. "The Influence of Casing Eccentricity on Zonal Isolation." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0159.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Eccentricity of the casing frequently exists in actual drilling process. This is one of the main reasons responsible for poor mud and cement displacement. In such cases, zonal isolation problems occur more commonly when compared with casing aligned in a concentric alignment. Previous researchers have studied the cement displacement process caused by casing eccentricity. However, the wellbore stress distribution that caused by casing eccentricity is seldom studied. In this paper, we used an equivalent perturbed domain solution to calculate the stress on the casing-cement interface. Failure of cement sheath for eccentric casing condition is investigated. For moderate eccentricity of the casing, it is possible to analyze the problem by means of perturbation techniques. Based on a higher-order boundary perturbation method developed by Parnes and Beltzer (1986), we extend the solution to an eccentric thick wall problem with inner and outer pressure, with the method of equivalent perturbed domains and apply it using a second-order scheme. The stress fields with respect to the original polar coordinate system are then calculated for various eccentricities and ratios of inner to outer radius and are presented in graphical form. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is used for cement failure prediction. This paper intends to provide an analytical model to predict cement sheath failure for eccentric wellbore geometry. The result will benefit the cement system design and zonal isolation strategy for casing eccentric wells. INTRODUCTION Geometrical irregularities can result from a combination of geology and/or drilling/completion operations [1] [2]. Eccentricity of the casing normally exists in real drilling process, especially in horizontal wells. This is one of the main reasons responsible for poor mud removal and displacement, which means micro-annulus, voids, and defects may exist in casing eccentric wells more regularly than the other wells. Once these voids, cracks, and defects are connected, they can become channels that potentially provide pathways for migration and communication of hydrocarbons between formations, thus compromising zonal isolation [3-6]. Cement failure can lead to environmental problems such as contamination of fresh water table, sustained annular pressure buildup (SAP), leakage in aged wells [7], and the need for extensive/expensive remedial work. The detrimental effects of cement sheath failure could negatively affect hydrocarbon production and the productive life of the well. For example, for production wells, the presence of channels in the cement sheath can result in non-productive communication pathways, causing stimulation and completion inefficiency, thus negatively affecting completion effectiveness and well productivity [8]. For abandoned wells, the failure of cemented barriers and plugs can lead to uncontrolled leakage of formation fluids and gas, with vent flows to surface. In some extreme cases, the failure of cemented sheath can even result in well control accidents that could result in loss of life, economic loss, and environmental damage [9].
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CAMPBELL, MATT, JOSH CARTER, and ARPIT AGARWAL. "QUANTIFICATION OF SHORELINE MORPHOLOGY AND ISOLATION OF A LONGSHORE SEDIMENT WAVE ON A SAND LIMITED SHORELINE IN CAMERON PARISH, LA." In The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814355537_0068.
Reports on the topic "Isolation des parois":
1
Bolin, Niklas. The repercussions of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the populist Radical Right in Sweden. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0031.
Abstract:
The populist Radical Right Sweden Democrats (SD) have long been excluded from cooperation with other parties. As other parties have moved closer to the party’s more restrictive migration policy, and as older party leaders from the extreme Far Right have departed, some of the arguments in support of isolating the SD have waned. However, the party is still criticized for its ambiguous attitude towards Russia. But although individual politicians have openly expressed pro-Russian views, the current SD leadership has repeatedly rejected such accusations. The party’s position became increasingly relevant in 2022 when the Russian invasion of Ukraine coincided with the parliamentary elections. This article analyses the attitude of the SD towards the Putin regime and how this developed in response to the invasion of Ukraine. It also looks at how this has affected the public perception of the party and to what extent its position on Russia will continue to be important in the public debate.
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Delaney, Kathleen, Mark Mendelsohn, Sarah Wenner, Adam Backlin, Elizabeth Gallegos, Robert Fisher, and Seth Riley. Protocol for the reintroduction of California red-legged frogs to Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. National Park Service, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297287.
Abstract:
Once common and widespread in Southern California, California red-legged frogs (Rana draytonii) began declining sometime in the middle of the 20th century. They were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1996. Three small and isolated populations remained in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties by the start of the 21st century. The nearest population of California red-legged frogs to Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area is critically small, located 15 km to the north, yet there is evidence of persistence, including successful reproduction each year it has been measured. A potential solution to alleviate small population size and isolation is to reintroduce a species back to habitable historical locations nearby. In 2011, we initiated a project to reintroduce California red-legged frogs back to the Santa Monica Mountains, where historical records showed they were once widespread. We developed a procedure to transfer partial egg masses into tadpole rearing pens located within streams determined to be suitable for the species. This translocation protocol outlines our procedure and results for the first five years of the project. It is our hope that this protocol will guide and inform similar conservation efforts for California red-legged frogs in other parts of their range as well as other amphibian conservation efforts throughout the world.
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Rowe, Randall C., Jaacov Katan, Talma Katan, and Leah Tsror. Sub-Specific Populations of Verticillium dahliae and their Roles in Vascular Wilt Pathogsystems. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7574343.bard.
Abstract:
Verticillium dahliae is an economically important pathogen causing vascular wilt on over 160 plant species. In North America, potato early dying is a significant disease of potato, especially in the midwest and Pacific northwest states. This disease is caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae and in some cases involves a synergistic interaction with root-lesion nematodes, primarily Pratylenchus penetrans. In Israel, Verticillium wilt occurs in many regions and inflicts serious losses in potato, cotton, and other crops. Objectives of this project were to establish a large collection of isolates of Verticillium dahliae from potato (USA) and several host plants (Israel) and to characterize and compare the isolates with regard to morphology, vegetative compatibility group (VCG), and pathogenic capabilities on several hosts. Isolations were made from 224 commercial lots of certified potato seed tubers from across N. America and 87 potato fields located in the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington. A large collection of isolates from central U.S. states already existed. In Israel, 47 field sites were sampled and isolates of Verticillium dahliae were recovered from 13 host plant species and from soil. Potato isolates from N. America were tested for vegetative compatibility and all found to be in VCG 4 with about 2/3 in VCG 4A and the rest in VCG 4B. VCG 4A isolates were significantly more aggressive on potato than VCG 4B isolates and were more likely to interact synergistically with P. penetrans. The Israeli isolates fell into three vegetative compatibility groups. Nearly all (> 90%) VCG2B and VCG 4B isolates were recovered from the northern and southern parts of Israel, respectively, with some overlap in central areas. Several pathotypes were defined in cotton, using cotton and eggplant together as differentials. All VCG 2B isolates from cotton caused severe disease in cotton, while VCG 2A and VCG 4B isolates from several crops were much less aggressive to cotton. When Israeli isolates of VCGs 2A, 2B and 4B were inoculated to potato and tomato, VCG 4B isolates caused much more severe disease on potato and VCG 2A isolates caused much more severe disease in tomato. Differential patterns of pathogenicity and aggressiveness of these VCGs on potato and tomato were consistent regardless of the host plant of origin. Isolates of the same VCG resembled one another more than isolates from different VCGs based on colony and microsclerotial morphology, temperature responses and, partially, in pathogenicity. Vegetative compatibility grouping of V. dahliae in Israel appears closely associated with specific pathogenicity and other phenotypic traits. The absence of VCG 4A in Israel is significant. VCG patterns among Verficillium populations are useful to predict relatedness and pathogenic potential in both countries.
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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.
Abstract:
Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (<1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.
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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.
Abstract:
Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.
Abstract:
Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.