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1
Isolated involutions in finite groups. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2013.
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2
Ebeling, Wolfgang. The monodromy groups of isolated singularities of complete intersections. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.
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3
Ebeling, Wolfgang. The Monodromy Groups of Isolated Singularities of Complete Intersections. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0078929.
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4
Group, Joint ACPO/Home Office Working. Disorder in isolated areas: Report of the Joint ACPO/Home Office Working Group. [London]: The Office, 1988.
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5
Yusof, Farida Z. The distribution of toxin genes among isolates of Clostridium botulinum Group II from different environments. [S.l: The Author], 2000.
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6
Sauerbrei, Susan Andrea. Men in isolation: The study of a group of men who are socially isolated while working in isolation and the effects on their behaviour. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 1990.
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7
Canada. Task Force on Tax Benefits for Northern and Isolated Areas. Report of the Task Force on Tax Benefits for Northern and Isolated Areas =: Rapport du Groupe de travail sur l'indemnisation fiscale des localités isolées et du Nord. Ottawa, Ont: Task Force on Tax Benefits for Northern and Isolated Areas = Groupe de travail sur l'indemnisation fiscale des localités isolées et du Nord, 1989.
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8
Ebeling, Wolfgang. Monodromy Groups Groups of Isolated Singularities of Complete Intersections. Springer, 1988.
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9
Birch, Jonathan. Kin Selection and Group Selection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733058.003.0004.
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In group-structured populations in which some other assumptions are satisfied, kin and group selectionist methods provide formally equivalent conditions for change. However, this only shows an equivalence between two statistical methodologies, and this is compatible with there being a real, causal distinction between kin and group selection processes. This chapter pursues a Hamilton-inspired, population-centred approach to drawing that distinction, on which the differences between kin and group selection are differences of degree in the structural properties of populations. The relevant properties are K, the overall degree to which genealogical kin interact differentially, and G, the overall degree to which the population contains stable, internally integrated, and externally isolated social groups. A spatial metaphor (‘K-G space’) provides a useful framework for thinking about these differences.
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Maryanski, Alexandra, and Jonathan H. Turner. The Neurology of Religion. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.33.
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The human propensity for religious behavior and, eventually, religious organization is the by-product of natural selection working on the neuroanatomy of low-sociality and non-group-forming hominins to become more social and group oriented as a necessary strategy for survival on the African savanna. Using cladistic analysis to determine the behavioral and organizational propensities of the last common ancestor to present-day great apes and humans’ hominin ancestors, while at the same time engaging in comparative neuroanatomy of extant great-ape and human brains, the neurological basis of religion is isolated. Religion emerged under early selection pressures to make hominins more social and able to form stable groups. From the combination of dramatically increased emotionality and cognitive functioning, the transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens approximately 300,000 year ago created the neurological platform for religious behaviors among early humans.
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Cataldo, Mark Andrea de, Luca Migliorini Lectures 4–5, and Mark Andrea de Cataldo. The Hodge Theory of Maps. Edited by Eduardo Cattani, Fouad El Zein, Phillip A. Griffiths, and Lê Dũng Tráng. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161341.003.0006.
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This chapter showcases two further lectures on the Hodge theory of maps, and they are mostly composed of exercises. The first lecture details a minimalist approach to sheaf cohomology, and then turns to the intersection cohomology complex, which is limited to the definition and calculation of the intersection complex Isubscript X of a variety of dimension d with one isolated singularity. Finally, this lecture discusses the Verdier duality. The second lecture sets out the Decomposition theorem, which is the deepest known fact concerning the homology of algebraic varieties. It then considers the relative hard Lefschetz and the hard Lefschetz for intersection cohomology groups.
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Curry, Nicola, and Raza Alikhan. Bruising and bleeding. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0038.
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Bruising is extremely common and a normal response to injury. Perception of what is a normal level of bruising is subjective and it can be difficult to differentiate a patient with ‘normal’ bruising from a patient who has bruising due to a mild bleeding disorder. Patients with bruising/bleeding can be categorized into two clinical groups: those who have no other symptoms, in whom the cause is likely to be either a normal response to injury, or an isolated platelet disorder or clotting factor deficiency; and those who have additional symptoms, in whom haematological disease (e.g. thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow infiltration) or systemic disease (e.g. connective tissue disorder) is more likely.
13
Gunn, Steven. Families and friends. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659838.003.0011.
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Wider relations of friendship and kinship were also important in the new men’s exercise of power. Brothers, sons, uncles, and nephews often played roles in local affairs that complemented the activity of the new men at the centre of government, while kin of all sorts were important in securing landed property. Close relations with circles of gentry likewise anchored the new men in county society. Relations with senior churchmen and noblemen could be more ambivalent, ranging from the close cooperation at the centre of Henry’s conciliar elite to wary recognition of one another’s power. The new men stuck close to one another, but also split into groups, leaving Empson and Dudley increasingly isolated as the reign neared its end.
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Timmermann, Marybeth, trans. Foreword to Deception Chronicles: From the Women’s Liberation Movement to a Commercial Trademark. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039003.003.0041.
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In 1971, when I first made contact with the MLF [Mouvement de Libération des Femmes, or French Women’s Liberation Movement] about the manifesto that 343 women signed saying that they had had abortions, I only met a few isolated representatives. Later I learned that they belonged to different groups with diverse tendencies that all coexisted without trying to get organized. The movement questioned any centralized, bureaucratic, or hierarchical militant movements, and therefore had no leader. In order to belong, it was enough to be a woman, aware of the oppression endured by women and eager to combat it. This resulted in a certain disorder, sometimes annoying, but overall enriching. Unity was realized through actions accomplished in common....
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Kagan, Jerome. Temperamental Contributions to Inhibited and Uninhibited Profiles. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0007_update_001.
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A temperamental bias is currently defined as a behavioral profile with a partial origin in the child’s biology that varies among individuals. These biases, which appear early in development, are sculpted by experience into a variety of personality profiles. This chapter first describes possible genetic and nongenetic bases for temperamental categories, followed by a detailed presentation of the research on high- and low-reactive infants who are biased to become inhibited or uninhibited children. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of these two temperaments to psychopathology and speculations on the temperamental variation among reproductively isolated human groups. A large number of questions remain unanswered. Perhaps the most critical is discovering the genes and resulting neurochemical or neuroanatomical features that contribute to the high- and low-reactive profiles.
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Kagan, Jerome. Temperamental Contributions to Inhibited and Uninhibited Profiles. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0007.
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A temperamental bias is currently defined as a behavioral profile with a partial origin in the child’s biology that varies among individuals. These biases, which appear early in development, are sculpted by experience into a variety of personality profiles. This chapter first describes possible genetic and nongenetic bases for temperamental categories, followed by a detailed presentation of the research on high- and low-reactive infants who are biased to become inhibited or uninhibited children. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of these two temperaments to psychopathology and speculations on the temperamental variation among reproductively isolated human groups. A large number of questions remain unanswered. Perhaps the most critical is discovering the genes and resulting neurochemical or neuroanatomical features that contribute to the high- and low-reactive profiles.
17
Woollett, James, and Susan Kaplan. Labrador Inuit. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.42.
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The Thule groups that migrated into Labrador around the late thirteenth century settled in a part of the north that was away from the well-traveled migration routes of their cousins. However, the newcomers to Labrador did not settle into a marginal environment. Their new home offered a diversity of marine and terrestrial resources, some of them novel, that by the end of the eighteenth century supported large Inuit communities. While moving into Labrador may have isolated Labrador Inuit from their northern relatives, their interactions with the Western world were early and intense. As a result of history and geography, as well as Inuit adaptability, eighteenth-century Labrador Inuit were participants in a world economy and their culture evolved accordingly, socially, economically, and politically. They adapted to changing environmental and social circumstances, employing technologies and strategies with which their ancestors came to Labrador, while selectively adopting useful European materials and networks.
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Helgen, Erika. Religious Conflict in Brazil. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243352.001.0001.
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This innovative study explores the transition in Brazil from a hegemonically Catholic society to a religiously pluralistic society. The book shows that the rise of religious pluralism was fraught with conflict and violence, as Catholic bishops, priests, and friars organized intense campaigns against Protestantism. These episodes of religious violence were not isolated outbursts of reactionary rage, but rather formed part of a longer process through which religious groups articulated their vision for Brazil's national future. The book begins with a background on Catholic–Protestant relations in the Brazilian Northeast. It suggests a new religious history of modern Latin America that puts religious pluralism at the center rather than at the margins of historical analysis. In doing so it seeks to understand the ways in which religious competition and conflict redefined traditional relationships between church and state, lay and clergy, popular and official religion, and local and national interests.
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Wicks, Paul. ‘They embrace you virtually’: The internet as a tool for social support for people with ALS. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0011.
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People with ALS may feel lonely, isolated, and bereft of information. Although professionals provide support, their time is in short supply and patients only see them periodically. For many decades there has been a tradition of face-to-face support groups to offer help to patients and caregivers in their local communities, but these have limitations. In recent years a new form of community has arisen, the online community. A relatively small evidence base suggests they may help patients and caregivers to be better informed, receive psychosocial support, and regain a peer network even as their ability to communicate and be physically active in the world diminishes. There are risks, however, such as misinformation, vulnerability to scams, and harms that might arise from becoming too involved in the disease at the exclusion of other facets of their lives. As mainstream social networks such as Facebook become dominant, the landscape will evolve rapidly.
20
Detterman, Robin, Jenny Ventura, Lihi Rosenthal, and Ken Berrick. Unconditional Education. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886516.001.0001.
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After decades of reform, America's public schools continue to fail particular groups of students; the greatest opportunity gaps are faced by those whose achievement is hindered by complex stressors, including disability, trauma, poverty, and institutionalized racism. When students' needs overwhelm the neighborhood schools assigned to serve them, they are relegated to increasingly isolated educational environments. Unconditional Education (UE) offers an alternate approach that transforms schools into communities where all students can thrive. It reduces the need for more intensive and costly future remediation by pairing a holistic, multi-tiered system of supports with an intentional focus on overall culture and climate, and promotes systematic coordination and integration of funding and services by identifying gaps and eliminating redundancies to increase the efficient allocation of available resources. This book is an essential resource for mental health and educational stakeholders (i.e., school social workers, therapists, teachers, school administrators, and district-level leaders) who are interested in adopting an unconditional approach to supporting the students within their schools.
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Plotkin, Mark J. The Amazon. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190668297.001.0001.
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The Amazon is a land of superlatives. The complex ecosystem covers an area about the size of the continental U.S. The Amazon River discharges 57 million gallons of water per second--in two hours, this would be enough to supply all of New York City’s 7.5 million residents with water for a year. Its flora and fauna are abundant. Approximately one of every four flowering plant species on earth resides in the Amazon. A single Amazonian river may contain more fish species than all the rivers in Europe combined. It is home to the world's largest anteater, armadillo, freshwater turtle, and spider, as well as the largest rodent (which weighs over 200 lbs.), catfish (250 lbs.), and alligator (more than half a ton). The rainforest, which contains approximately 390 billion trees, plays a vital role in stabilizing the global climate by absorbing massive amounts of carbon dioxide--or releasing it into the atmosphere if the trees are destroyed. Severe droughts in both Brazil and Southeast Asia have been linked to Amazonian deforestation, as have changing rainfall patterns in the U.S., Europe, and China. The Amazon also serves as home to millions of people. Approximately seventy tribes of isolated and uncontacted people are concentrated in the western Amazon, completely dependent on the land and river. These isolated groups have been described as the most marginalized peoples in the western hemisphere, with no voice in the decisions made about their futures and the fate of their forests. In this addition to the What Everyone Needs to Know® series, ecologist and conservation expert, Mark J. Plotkin, who has spent 40 years studying Amazonia, its peoples, flora, and fauna. The Amazon offers an engaging overview of this irreplaceable ecosystem and the challenges it faces.
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Treuer, Warren Louis. PASTORAL CARE FOR ISOLATED NURSING CENTER RESIDENTS IN A GROUP SETTING (RELATIONSHIPS, COMMUNALITY, INTERPERSONAL, ESTRANGEMENT). 1986.
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23
Clarke, Andrew. Water. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0005.
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Liquid water is essential for life, and a metabolically active cell is ~70% water. The physical properties of liquid water, and their temperature dependence, are dictated to a significant extent by the properties of hydrogen bonds. From an ecological perspective, the important properties of liquid water include its high latent heats of fusion and vapourisation, its high specific heat, the ionisation, low dynamic viscosity and high surface tension. The solubility in water of oxygen, carbon dioxide and the calcium carbonate used to build skeletons in many invertebrates groups all increase with decreasing temperature. The hydrophobic interaction is important in the formation of cellular membranes and the folding of proteins; its strength increases with temperature, which may be a factor in the cold-denaturation of cellular macromolecules. The cell is extremely crowded with macromolecules. Coupled with the highly structured water close to membranes or protein surfaces and the hydration shells around ions, this means that the behaviour of water in cells is different from that of bulk water. The thermal behaviour of isolated cellular components studied in dilute aqueous buffers many not reflect accurately their behaviour in the intact cell or tissue.
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Walder, Andrew G., and Dong Guoqiang. A Decade of Upheaval. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691213217.001.0001.
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This book chronicles the surprising and dramatic political conflicts of a rural Chinese county over the course of the Cultural Revolution. The book uncovers a previously unimagined level of strife in the countryside that began with the Red Guard Movement in 1966 and continued unabated until the death of Mao Zedong in 1976. Showing how the upheavals of the Cultural Revolution were not limited to urban areas, but reached far into isolated rural regions, the book reveals that the intervention of military forces in 1967 encouraged factional divisions in Feng County because different branches of China's armed forces took various sides in local disputes. The book also lays bare how the fortunes of local political groups were closely tethered to unpredictable shifts in the decisions of government authorities in Beijing. Eventually, a backlash against suppression and victimization grew in the early 1970s and resulted in active protests, which presaged the settling of scores against radical Maoism. A meticulous look at how one overlooked region experienced the Cultural Revolution, the book illuminates the all-encompassing nature of one of the most unstable periods in modern Chinese history.
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Jones, Cameron D. In Service of Two Masters. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503604315.001.0001.
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By the early 1700s, the vast scale of Spanish empire led crown authorities to rely on local institutions to carry out their political agenda, including religious orders like the Franciscan mission of Santa Rosa de Ocopa in the Peruvian Amazon. This book follows the Ocopa missions throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, a period marked by events such as the indigenous Juan Santos Atahualpa Rebellion and the 1746 Lima earthquake. Caught between the directives of the Spanish crown and the challenges of missionary work on the Amazon frontier, the missionaries of Ocopa found themselves at the center of a struggle over the nature of colonial governance. This book examines the changes that Spain’s far-flung empire experienced from borderland Franciscan missions in Peru to the court of the Bourbon monarchy in Madrid, arguing that the Bourbon clerical reforms that broadly sought to bring the empire under greater crown control were shaped in turn by groups throughout the Americas, including Ocopa friars, the Amerindians and Africans in their missions, and bureaucrats in Lima as well as Madrid. Far from isolated local incidents, the book argues, these conflicts were representative of the political struggles over clerical reform occurring throughout Spanish America on the eve of Independence.
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Howard, Colin R. Arenaviruses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0032.
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There are few groups of viral zoonoses that have attracted such widespread publicity as the arenaviruses, particularly during the 1960’s and 1970’s when Lassa emerged as a major cause of haemorrhagic disease in West Africa. More than any other zoonoses, members of the family are used extensively for the study of virus-host relationships. Thus the study of this unique group of enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses has been pursued for two quite separate reasons. First, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) has been used as a model of persistent virus infections for over half a century; its study has contributed, and continues to contribute, a number of cardinal concepts to our present understanding of immunology. LCM virus remains the prototype of the Arenaviridae and is a common infection of laboratory mice, rats and hamsters. Once thought rare in humans there is now increasing evidence of LCM virus being implicated in renal disease and as a complication in organ transplantation. Second, certain arenaviruses cause severe haemorrhagic diseases in man, notably Lassa fever in Africa, Argentine and Bolivian haemorrhagic fevers in South America, Guaranito infection in Venezuela and Chaparé virus in Bolivia. The latter is a prime example for the need of ever-continuing vigilance for the emergence of new viral diseases; over the past few years several new arenaviruses have been reported as implicated with severe human disease and indeed the number of new arenaviruses discovered since the last edition of this book have increased the size of this virus family significantly.In common with LCM, the natural reservoir of these infections is a limited number of rodent species (Howard, 1986). Although the initial isolates from South America were at first erroneously designated as newly defined arboviruses, there is no evidence to implicate arthropod transmission for any arenavirus. However, similar methods of isolation and the necessity of trapping small animals have meant that the majority of arenaviruses have been isolated by workers in the arbovirus field. A good example of this is Guaranito virus that emerged during investigation of a dengue virus outbreak in Venezuela (Salas et al. 1991).There is an interesting spectrum of pathological processes among these viruses. All the evidence so far available suggests that the morbidity of Lassa fever and South American haemorrhagic fevers due to arenavirus infection results from the direct cytopathic action of these agents. This is in sharp contrast to the immunopathological basis of ‘classic’ lymphocytic choriomeningitis disease seen in adult mice infected with LCM virus and the use of this system for elucidating the phenomenon of H2-restriction of the host cytotoxic T cell response (Zinkernagel and Doherty 1979). Despite the utility of this experimental model for dissecting the nature of the immune response to virus infection and the growing interest in arenaviruses of rodents, there remains much to be done to elucidate the pathogenesis of these infections in humans.
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Hamilton, Douglas, and John McAleer, eds. Islands and the British Empire in the Age of Sail. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847229.001.0001.
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Islands are not just geographical units or physical facts; their importance and significance arise from the human activities associated with them. The maritime routes of sailing ships, victualling requirements of their sailors, and strategic demands of seaborne empires in the age of sail – as well as their intrinsic value as sources of rare commodities – meant that islands across the globe played prominent parts in imperial consolidation and expansion. This volume examines the ways in which islands (and groups of islands) contributed to the establishment, extension, and maintenance of the British Empire in the age of sail. Chapters explore the geographical, topographical, economic, and social diversity of the islands that comprised a large component of the British Empire in an era of rapid and significant expansion. Although many were isolated rocky outcrops, they acted as crucial nodal points, providing critical assistance for ships and men embarked on the long-distance voyages that characterized British overseas activities in the period. Intercontinental maritime trade, colonial settlement, and scientific exploration would have been impossible without these oceanic islands. They also acted as sites of strategic competition, contestation, and conflict for rival European powers keen to outstrip each other in developing and maintaining overseas markets, plantations, and settlements. The importance of islands outstripped their physical size, populations, or individual economic contribution to the imperial balance sheet. Standing at the centre of maritime routes of global connectivity, islands offer historians fresh perspectives on the intercontinental communication, commercial connections, and territorial expansion that characterized the British Empire.
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Rapport du Groupe de Travail sur l'indemnisation fiscale des localités isolées du Nord =: Report of the Task Force on Tax Benefits for Northern and Isolated Areas. Ottawa: Appr. et Services, 1989.
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29
Newsome, Scott D. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0092.
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Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-associated disorders are a group of rare neuroimmunological disorders that encompass an expanding spectrum of neurological syndromes. The pathophysiology of these disorders is not well understood, although the presence of very high levels of antibodies to GAD is indicative of immunological dysfunction. The most well-known disease within this class of disorders is stiff-person syndrome (SPS), which often manifests as painful spasms, stiffness/rigidity in axial and limb musculature, and increased lumbar lordosis. Other anti-GAD-associated disorders include isolated cerebellar ataxia, progressive encephalopathy with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), and encephalitis. Treatment depends on the severity of disease, ranging from symptomatic to immunomodulating/immunosuppressant therapies.
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Lim, Timothy H. 8. Jewish sectarianism in the Second Temple period. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198779520.003.0008.
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‘Jewish sectarianism in the Second Temple period’ contextualizes the Dead Sea Scrolls within the history of Second Temple Judaism and discusses the origins and history of the Qumran community of the Essenes. The period began under Persian rule, when Cyrus adopted a policy of religious tolerance. Alexander’s conquest of Judaea led to Hellenistic rule, until the Maccabaean revolt gained Jewish freedom. The Qumran–Essenes did not view Maccabaeans as legitimate rulers, so left the group before the Hasamonaean dynasty began. Judaism at this time comprised many sects. Some, such as the Qumran–Essenes, were introversionist and isolated, whereas others were reformist and remained in wider society.
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Srivastava, Siddharth, and Jeffrey Chinsky. Methylmalonic Acidemia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0062.
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Isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) refers to a group of inborn errors of organic acid metabolism caused by impaired conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. Individuals with MMA experience both acute and chronic neurological complications. The pathophysiology likely reflects impaired energy metabolism in the mitochondria leading to neuronal toxicity in MMA. MMA presents with a spectrum of clinical phenotypes with onset of symptoms anytime from the neonatal period to adulthood. Once there is clinical suspicion for MMA, definitive diagnosis requires biochemical testing. The treatment of MMA centers on acute interventions when affected individuals are ill, as well as preventative measures when they are doing relatively well. Neuroimaging in MMA demonstrates a variety of findings.
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Lucas, Jeff, Hsiang-Yuan Ho, and Kristin Kerns. Power, Status, and Stigma: Their Implications for Health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.15.
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This chapter summarizes research on relationships between group processes and health outcomes. It focuses on the two major concepts in sociology’s group processes tradition—power and status—and proposes that stigma represents another important group process. In considering the concepts in isolation, research indicates that being low in power puts individuals at greater risk for negative health outcomes in a number of ways, that high status protects people from negative health outcomes, and that stigma leads to a number of well-established negative health consequences. The chapter presents a preliminary model in which power and status mutually influence each other, power differences are accompanied by stigmatization, and stigma causes status loss, with the connections between the concepts having various potential implications for health outcomes. The chapter proposes that the ability of experimental approaches to isolate the processes of power, status, and stigma provides fruitful opportunities for research on health.
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Danièle, Meulders, Fagan Colette, Urwin Peter 1969-, Melling Kathryn, European Commission. Expert Group on Gender, Social Inclusion and Employment, and European Commission. Directorate-General for Employment and Social Affairs. Unit G.1, eds. Gender inequalities in the risks of poverty and social exclusion for disadvantaged groups in thirty European countries. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communites, 2006.
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34
Regalado, Samuel O. Barbed Wire Baseball. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037351.003.0006.
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This chapter describes the uncertain fate of the Nikkei baseball community at the onset of World War II. During this time the Nikkei community was the portrait of a dual existence: an isolated enclave that struggled to find balance between the Japanese spirit drawn from its past and an unconditional duty to display its loyalty to the United States. Japanese American baseball in this period exemplified the Nikkei conundrum. Designed to give its youth an opportunity to play the national pastime in a secure and controlled environment, leaders of their leagues rarely omitted any display that spoke to American patriotism. Yet, apart from a few teams and players, the entire structure of Nikkei baseball existed in virtual isolation from the very group with whom they hoped to someday fuse.
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Lafollette, Hugh. The Empirical Evidence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873363.003.0006.
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I summarize the proffered evidence of the benefits and the costs of private gun ownership. I focus on the common argument that privately owning firearms is a vital means of self-defense. I isolate the two pillars of this argument: one, that there are 2.5 million defensive gun uses (DGUs) each year; two, that requiring states to issue gun carry permits to any adult who is not expressly disqualified (former felons or mentally ill) saves countless lives. I then summarize the empirical arguments offered by pro-control advocates: high gun prevalence increases homicides, suicides, and gun accidents. Finally, I explain the agnostic findings of the National Academies of Science study group.
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Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. Creating the Hybrid Field of Political Communication. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.27.
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This chapter tracks the byways that led to the emergence of a cross-disciplinary cadre of scholars identified with the hybrid field of political communication. Concentrating on the period between the Columbia election studies of the 1940s and 1993, it telegraphs the influence of the disciplines of sociology, political science, psychology and communication on the emerging field, indicates how scholars such as Elihu Katz, Kurt and Gladys Lang, Murray Edelman, and Doris Graber seeded the intellectual ground from which the field would grow, catalogues the emergence of a concept of effects that includes such phenomena as learning, the construction of political meaning, and agenda setting, and features a study that isolated the role of communication in activating the variables from which forecasting models predict presidential election outcomes.
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Tibble, Steve. The Crusader Strategy. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253115.001.0001.
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Medieval states, and particularly crusader societies, often have been considered brutish and culturally isolated. It seems unlikely that they could develop “strategy” in any meaningful sense. However, the crusaders were actually highly organized in their thinking and their decision making was rarely random. This book draws on a rich array of primary sources to reassess events on the ground and patterns of behavior over time. The book shows how, from aggressive castle building to implementing a series of invasions of Egypt, crusader leaders tenaciously pursued long-term plans and devoted single-minded attention to clear strategic goals. Crusader states were permanently on the brink of destruction; resources were scarce and the penalties for failure severe. Intuitive strategic thinking, the book argues, was a necessity, not a luxury.
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Banu, Roxana. Legitimacy and Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819844.003.0007.
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This chapter provides an analysis of state-centered and individualistic theories of legitimacy in PrIL and distinguishes them from the relational internationalist perspective. It shows that state-centered theories determined the legitimacy of applying one law or another within interstate relationships. Individualistic theories linked the legitimacy of the applicable law to particular dimensions of political affiliation. By contrast, this chapter shows how relational internationalist authors envisioned different dimensions of legitimacy from both the state-centered and the individualistic positions, by focusing on an interpersonal relationship, as opposed to an isolated individual, and on private law, as opposed to constitutional or public law generally. According to the relational internationalist perspective, the legitimacy of imposing one law over another is justified on different grounds, including by reference to the actions of the parties, their expectations, the values underlying private law relationships, and the embeddedness of a legal relationship within one or several communities.
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Epstein, Charles M. TMS stimulation coils. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0004.
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The simplest transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil is a circular one. The induced current is maximum near the outer edge of the coil while the magnetic field is the maximum under the center of the coil. TMS coils have good penetration to the cerebral cortex. They are commonly placed at the cranial vertex, where they can stimulate both hemispheres simultaneously. The main drawback of circular coils is their lack of focality. Several complex designs for multiloop coils have been proposed to increase the focality or improve the penetration to deep brain structures. This article describes factors of TMS coil design such as mechanical forces and coil lead wires, cooling systems, materials of construction of coil windings, etc. To reduce the risk of lethal electrical shock the entire high-voltage power system, including the lead wires and stimulation coil, must be isolated from earth ground.
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Forrestal, Alison. Identifying Pastoral Strategies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785767.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
The conventional narrative of de Paul’s activities in the 1610s concentrates on two famous episodes that took place in 1617—those of the confession, sermon, and mission of Folleville, and the foundation of his first confraternity of charity in Châtillon-lès-Dombes. Contrarily, Chapter 3 takes a more revealing panoramic view of these years, to demonstrate that de Paul’s pastoral skills and experience grew intensively as he enjoyed different perspectives as a parish priest and a private clerical employee on large rural estates. He isolated deficiencies in the service that the clergy provided to the rural faithful and devised remedies in response, while also seeking to give formal expression to existing devotional inclinations. It confirms that de Paul found the perfect testing ground to pick out his preferred tools of ministry (sacramental observance; catechesis; confraternal formation), and to settle on a template for the ideal reformed parish.
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DiYanni, Robert, and Anton Borst. The Craft of College Teaching. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691183800.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The college classroom is a place where students have the opportunity to be transformed and inspired through learning—but teachers need to understand how students actually learn. This book provides an accessible, hands-on guide to the craft of college teaching, giving instructors the practical tools they need to help students achieve not only academic success but also meaningful learning to last a lifetime. The book explains what to teach—emphasizing concepts and their relationships, not just isolated facts—as well as how to teach using active learning strategies that engage students through problems, case studies and scenarios, and practice reinforced by constructive feedback. The book tells how to motivate students, run productive discussions, create engaging lectures, use technology effectively, and much more. Interludes between chapters illustrate common challenges, including what to do on the first and last days of class and how to deal with student embarrassment, manage group work, and mentor students effectively. There are also plenty of questions and activities at the end of each chapter. This book is an essential resource for new instructors and seasoned pros alike.
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Cohn, Stephan, and P. Allan Klock. Operating Room Fires and Electrical Safety. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0018.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding electrical systems and fire safety protocols in the operating room is fundamental to patient and staff safety. Modern operating rooms are designed to reduce the risk of electrical hazards. Line isolation transformers were developed in the era of explosive anesthetics to reduce the risk of sparks and macro-shock. Isolated electrical supplies are still used in operating rooms because they allow surgery to continue while the line isolation alarm is activated and the source of the fault is investigated and deactivated. Ground fault circuit breaker interrupters may also be used in operating rooms, but if a fault is detected, they will deactivate the electrical circuit, which may be disruptive to surgical or anesthetic care. Micro-shock occurs when a small amount of current is delivered directly to the myocardium via an indwelling catheter or pacing wire. Operating room fires, though relatively rare, can cause devastating patient injury but are largely preventable.
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Beekman, Christopher S., ed. Migrations in Late Mesoamerica. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066103.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Migrations in Late Mesoamerica gathers scholars from different disciplines to address the role of migration during the most tumultuous centuries of Mesoamerican prehistory (A.D. 500–1500). Ethnohistoric, linguistic, biological, and archaeological data coupled with visual imagery and hieroglyphic texts associate the final millennium of Mesoamerican prehistory with the political, economic, and social changes that often unmoored populations from ancestral lands. Independent investigations into these topics have repeatedly discerned the movement of social groups at their core, but migration itself has rarely been the central focus of theoretical analysis. The ongoing rehabilitation of migration as a subject for study now allows prehistorians to re-examine its relationship to other areas of social life. An introductory chapter isolates characteristics of migration that distinguish it from other forms of human mobility, and it argues that migration must be analyzed in conjunction with the other social processes in which it is embedded. Select representatives from archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistics, ethnohistory, epigraphy, and art history present contributions on migration dynamics, causes and impacts, indigenous perceptions of migration, and the methods and assumptions we use when identifying or analyzing our specific cases.
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Ramsay, Stephen. Potential Literature. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036415.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter turns to the scientific imaginary as it appears in the realm of art. It asserts that art has very often sought either to parody science or to diminish its claims to truth. Within this important post-Romantic strain of critique, this chapter isolates another voice that has sought to find a common imaginative ground between art and science. The chapter begins with Alfred Jarry's inauguration of the “science of 'Pataphysics” and ends with the literary refraction of Jarry's Gedankenexperimenten in the work of the Oulipo. The latter, in which the terms of art and criticism are uniquely joined, informs algorithmic criticism's emphasis on the liberating forces of (computationally enforced) constraint. Moreover, the chapter argues that this important modernist genealogy points to the primacy of pattern as the basic hermeneutical function that unites art, science, and criticism.
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Freilich, Charles D. Nonmilitary Threats. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602932.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 4 argues that diplomatic and demographic challenges are almost as dangerous to Israel’s future as military threats. Efforts to isolate and delegitimize Israel and constrain its freedom of military action have had mixed success. Israel has broader ties than ever, sanctions and boycotts have achieved little, and it continues to act militarily. Nevertheless, Israel’s international standing has deteriorated severely, and the nature and outcome of military operations have been affected. No issue has undermined Israel’s standing more than the settlement policy. Inexorable demographic trends, stemming from the control of the West Bank, threaten Israel’s Jewish and democratic character. Already today only a small majority of Israel and the West Bank are Jewish. Ongoing settlement undermines the viability of the “two-state solution” and the point of no return may be nearing. Demography also explains Israel’s reluctance to conduct ground maneuver, undermining its ability to achieve military decision.
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Long, Kathryn T. God in the Rainforest. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608989.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book tells the story of missionary work during the second half of the twentieth century among the Waorani (once known as “aucas”), an isolated and violent indigenous group in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The missionary-Waorani relationship began tragically in January 1956, when five young men, American missionaries, were speared to death by Wao warriors. Two years later, Elisabeth Elliot, the widow of one of the slain men, and Rachel Saint, the sister of another, with the help of a Wao woman named Dayomæ, made peaceful contact with the people who had killed their loved ones. Subsequent accounts of the Christianization of the Waorani became a success story with a powerful hold on the imaginations of American evangelicals. This book shows how Protestant missionary work among the Waorani came to be one of the missions most celebrated by evangelicals and most severely criticized by anthropologists and others who accused missionaries of destroying the indigenous culture. It argues that the global expansion of Christianity on a case-by-case basis is complicated, even messy, much more so than either mythmakers or critics wish to acknowledge. It also provides a more complete reconstruction than previously available of what happened in Ecuador during the four decades after the men were killed, focusing on the little-known missionaries who came after the five slain men and on the Waorani themselves.
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Watts, Richard A., and Eleana Ntatsaki. Miscellaneous vasculitides. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0137.
Full textAbstract:
The vasculitides are a group of relatively rare conditions with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Classification of the vasculitic syndromes is done according to the size of the vessels affected and also the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Vasculitides can be either primary or secondary to an underlying systemic disease, malignancy, or infection. This chapter covers the spectrum of the secondary vasculitides; some of the non-ANCA-associated primary vasculitides and miscellaneous types of vasculitic syndromes. Secondary vasculitis can occur in the background of systemic rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, or other connective tissue diseases. Vasculitis can also present in relation to precipitants such as drugs (propylthiouracil, hydralazine, leucotriene antagonists) or vaccines. Infection (bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, and fungal) has been associated with vasculitis either as a trigger or as a consequence of iatrogenic immunosuppression. Infection-related vasculitis can affect all types and sizes of vessels. Certain forms of vasculitis such as cryoglobulinaemia are closely associated with viral infections and more specifically with HCV infection. There are forms of vasculitis, which appear to be isolated or localized to a single organ, or site (skin, gastrointestinal, genital, and primary central nervous system vasculitis) that may be histologically similar to systemic syndromes, but have a different prognosis. Other conditions that may mimic vasculitis and miscellaneous conditions such as Cogan's syndrome and relapsing polychondritis are also discussed.
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Geheran, Michael. Comrades Betrayed. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751011.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
At the end of 1941, six weeks after the mass deportations of Jews from Nazi Germany had begun, Gestapo offices across the Reich received an urgent telex from Adolf Eichmann, decreeing that all war-wounded and decorated Jewish veterans of World War I be exempted from upcoming “evacuations.” Why this was so, and how Jewish veterans at least initially were able to avoid the fate of ordinary Jews under the Nazis, is the subject of this book. The same values that compelled Jewish soldiers to demonstrate bravery in the front lines in World War I made it impossible for them to accept passively, persecution under Hitler. They upheld the ideal of the German fighting man, embraced the fatherland, and cherished the bonds that had developed in military service. Through their diaries and private letters, as well as interviews with eyewitnesses and surviving family members and records from the police, Gestapo, and military, this book challenges the prevailing view that Jewish veterans were left isolated, neighborless, and having suffered a social death by 1938. Tracing the path from the trenches of the Great War to the extermination camps of the Third Reich, the book exposes a painful dichotomy: while many Jewish former combatants believed that Germany would never betray them, the Holocaust was nonetheless a horrific reality. In chronicling Jewish veterans' appeal to older, traditional notions of comradeship and national belonging, the book forces reflection on how this group made use of scant opportunities to defy Nazi persecution and, for some, to evade becoming victims of the Final Solution.
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Carroll, Maureen. Infancy and Earliest Childhood in the Roman World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687633.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The book is a comprehensive study of infancy and earliest childhood in a cultural overview encompassing the entirety of the Roman Empire. It brings together some of the most recent discoveries and presents a fresh perspective on archaeological, historical, and social debates. Despite the developing emphasis in current scholarship on children in Roman culture, there has been little research on the role and significance of the youngest children in the family and society. Because of the very particular historical circumstances that affected the beginning of the life cycle of a Roman child, the book isolates the age group of the under one-year-olds to explore their lives as well as Roman attitudes towards the young and the perception of personhood. It integrates social and cultural history with archaeological evidence, funerary remains, material culture, and the iconography of infancy, an approach for which this subject matter is especially well suited. An examination of the many and varied strands of evidence enables us to contextualize the rhetoric about earliest childhood in Roman texts. The volume refutes the notion that high infant mortality conditioned Roman parents not to engage in the early life of their children or to view them, or their deaths, with indifference, and it concludes that even within the first weeks and months of life Roman children were invested with social and gendered identities.
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Benhabib, Seyla. Exile, Statelessness, and Migration. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167251.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book explores the intertwined lives, careers, and writings of a group of prominent Jewish intellectuals during the mid-twentieth century—in particular, Theodor Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, Isaiah Berlin, Albert Hirschman, and Judith Shklar, as well as Hans Kelsen, Emmanuel Levinas, Gershom Scholem, and Leo Strauss. Informed by their Jewish identity and experiences of being outsiders, these thinkers produced one of the most brilliant and effervescent intellectual movements of modernity. The book's starting point is that these thinkers faced migration, statelessness, and exile because of their Jewish origins, even if they did not take positions on specifically Jewish issues personally. The sense of belonging and not belonging, of being “eternally half-other,” led them to confront essential questions: What does it mean for the individual to be an equal citizen and to wish to retain one's ethnic, cultural, and religious differences, or perhaps even to rid oneself of these differences altogether in modernity? The book isolates four themes in their works: dilemmas of belonging and difference; exile, political voice, and loyalty; legality and legitimacy; and pluralism and the problem of judgment. Surveying the work of influential intellectuals, Exile, Statelessness, and Migration recovers the valuable plurality of their Jewish voices and develops their universal insights in the face of the crises of this new century.