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Bradshaw, Jennifer Jean. "Isoflurane : interaction with hepatic microsomal enzymes." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27138.
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lsoflurane interacts with cytochrome P-450 in rat and human hepatic microsomes and the Δ6- and Δ5-desaturases in rat hepatic microsomes. The interaction of isoflurane with cytochrome P-450 results in its metabolism to fluoride ion and organofluorine metabolites. The cytochrome P-450 isozymes catalysing the defluorination of isoflurane were assessed in hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital-, β-naphthoflavone- and pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrilepretreated and untreated rats. One or more of the cytochrome P-450 isozymes induced by phenobarbital and pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile appear to defluorinate isoflurane, but those induced by β-naphthoflavone do not. From a comparison of the extent of defluorination of isoflurane in hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital- and pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile-pretreated rats, and their Kₘ and Vₘₐₓ values, it appears that isoflurane is defluorinated by one or more isozymes induced by both phenobarbital and pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile. The major isozyme is probably cytochrome P-450PCN1. The metabolites of isoflurane were identified in human and phenobarbital-induced rat hepatic microsomes. In microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats, isoflurane is metabolised to fluoride ion and trifluoroacetaldehyde; trifluoroacetic acid is not produced in measureable amounts. The trifluoroacetaldehyde produced binds to microsomal constituents. In human hepatic microsomes, the organofluorine metabolite is identified as trifluoroacetic acid. It is proposed that isoflurane is metabolised by different pathways in human and phenobarbital-induced rat hepatic microsomes. The interaction of isoflurane with the cyanide-sensitive factors was assessed by several criteria. Firstly, using the reoxidation of cytochrome b₅ as an index of fatty acid desaturase activity, isoflurane appears to interact with the Δ6- and/or Δ5-desaturases, but not the Δ9-desaturase. Secondly, these results were confirmed and clarified by the use of direct assays to measure the fatty acid desaturase activity. Using the direct assay, we confirmed that isoflurane did not inhibit the Δ9-desaturase and inhibited Δ6-desaturation of linoleic acid, but not the Δ6-desaturation of α-linolenic acid. The inhibition of the Δ6-desaturation of linoleic acid occurred at low millimolar concentrations of isoflurane. lsoflurane inhibits the Δ5-desaturation of eicosa-8, 11, 14-trienoic acid to a small extent which is only apparent at much higher concentrations of isoflurane than that which inhibits the Δ6-desaturase. Further studies focussed on measurement of the activity of Δ6-desaturase in order to attempt to study the kinetics of the inhibition of the Δ6-desaturase by isoflurane: Δ6-desaturase activity was assessed using hepatic microsomes as the source of the enzyme and linoleic acid as substrate precursor. In the course of these studies, we identified a number of factors that affected the apparent activity of the Δ6-desaturase in hepatic microsomes. These included significant levels of endogenous substrate and competing reactions in the hepatic microsomes. Endogenous substrate levels were quantified and corrected for. We then resorted to computer modelling to extract the kinetics of the Δ6-desaturase free of contributions from acyl-CoA synthetase and lysophospholipid acyltransferase, as well as enzyme decay. The kinetics of isoflurane inhibition of the Δ6-desaturase were then superimposed and studied by computer modelling.
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Jaensch, Susan Mary. "Studies on isoflurane anaesthesia in psittacine birds." Thesis, Jaensch, Susan Mary (2001) Studies on isoflurane anaesthesia in psittacine birds. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53177/.
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The aim of the studies reported in this thesis was to describe the effects of isoflurane anaesthesia on the hepatic and respiratory systems in psittacine birds, as these are the two most commonly compromised organ systems during human anaesthesia. The results of these studies will lead to improved understanding of avian anatomy and physiology, and improvement of the current methodologies of anaesthesia administration.
Galactose and indocyanine green (ICG) clearances assays were compared with plasma and serum biochemical markers of liver dysfunction in normal chickens and galahs. following coeliotomy and following partial hepatectomy. Coeliotomy did not delay clearance of either compound, but partial hepatectomy resulted in elevation of galactose single point concentrations in chickens and decreased galactose clearance rates in galahs. Serum bile acids were not significantly elevated by either coeliotomy or partial hepatectomy. Alterations in plasma enzymes following coeliotomy and partial hepatectomy were consistent with muscle damage and not hepatic disease. Galactose single point concentrations and galactose clearance tests have the potential to be used both as sensitive, specific assays for screening for hepatic disease and for monitoring the progression of hepatic disease in birds. Isoflurane anaesthesia resulted in no detectable disturbance of hepatic function in either species.
The induction of pulmonary oxygen stress and oxygen toxicity was evaluated in budgerigars exposed to either acute, repeated acute or chronic periods of normobaric hyperoxic environments. Assays of a range of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants, blood gases and indicators of lipid membrane peroxidation were performed, and the lungs were evaluated by histology and transmission electron microscopy. All durations of oxygen exposure resulted in significant respiratory alkalosis and increased blood and plasma glutathione peroxidase activities. The concentrations of other pulmonary enzymic antioxidants including glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were not significantly altered by oxygen exposure. With increasing duration of exposure, the ratio of oxidised to reduced glutathione was significantly increased, while the concentrations of uric acid, a- and y-tocopherols and carotenoids were venous significantly reduced, especially following chronic exposure. Pulmonary concentrations of malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal were not significantly increased, while plasma concentrations of 8-epi isoprostane F2ft were significantly elevated following oxygen exposure. Chronic oxygen exposure resulted in significant alteration of the respiratory exchange tissue, with increased parabronchial oedema, epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, and significant changes in cell morphology including thickening of endothelial cells, interstitial oedema and ruffling of respiratory epithelial cells.
These results indicate that budgerigars develop pulmonary oxygen stress following acute or repeated acute exposure to hyperoxic environments, progressing to pulmonary oxygen toxicity with chronic exposure. Assay of plasma 8-epi isoprostane F2α and blood non-enzymic antioxidants were the most sensitive methods of detecting oxygen stress and oxygen toxicity respectively.
The comparative respiratory functional anatomy of sulphur crested cockatoos and galahs studied by evaluation of a respiratory cast of a sulphur crested cockatoo, blood gas analysis, airsac gas-in-gas analysis and spirometry studies in anaesthetised birds. The respiratory functional anatomy of sulphur crested cockatoos was different to that previously described in non-psittacine species, with more extensive cranial and caudal thoracic airsacs and smaller abdominal airsacs. Blood gas analysis indicated significant was arterial and venous hyperoxia as a result of using 100% oxygen as the anaesthetic carrier gas. Ventilation of the clavicular airsac was significantly less than either the cranial or caudal thoracic airsacs.
Both endotracheal and caudal thoracic administration of anaesthetic gases provided reliable methods for maintaining anaesthesia and resulted in minimal alteration in respiratory function with the exception of arterial and venous hyperoxia. With both delivery methods, spontaneous respiratory movements and tidal and minute ventilation were not significantly decreased. In contrast, clavicular airsac administration of anaesthesia was not successful either in providing ventilation or maintaining anaesthesia due to lack of spontaneous ventilation of this airsac.
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Mukaida, Kumiko. "Activity of the serotonergic system during isoflurane anesthesia." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135747.
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Miu, Peter. "Isoflurane induced impairment of synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons of the guinea pig in vitro." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28027.
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The effects of anaesthetic applications of isoflurane on 82 CA₁
neurons were studied in in vitro preparations (guinea pigs) using
intracellular recording techniques. Various parameters of their
excitability such as membrane electrical properties, action potentials and
their afterhyperpolarizing potentials as well as synaptic transmission were
determined during bath perfusion of clinically relevant concentrtaions of
isoflurane. Concentrations of isoflurane were detected in the bath with
¹⁹fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, and were found to range between 0.02 and 0.3 mM. No consistent effects on the membrane properties were observed. When synaptic activity was blocked by tetrodotoxin, isoflurane induced a hyperpolarization (3-5 mV) without affecting input conductance which was computed from the voltage responses to injections of hyperpolarizing current pulses and the slopes of current-voltage relations for each cell. Responses to depolarizing pulses revealed that the threshold, amplitude and duration of the evoked spikes were not greatly altered, although repetitive spike firing was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by isoflurane. Similarly, the amplitude and duration of the long-lasting hyperpolarizations following the elicitation of multiple (4 or 5) spikes were reduced in a reversible and dose-dependent manner. Reductions in amplitude and duration of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of stratum radiatum were observed; these effects also were strictly dependent on the dose, as well as on duration of the application. These investigations have revealed that isoflurane interferes with synaptic transmission in the hippocampal slice preparation and suggest that presynaptic actions on transmitter release, in addition to postsynaptic effectsMedicine, Faculty of
Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of
Graduate
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Adachi, Lauren Naomi Spezia. "Avaliação dos efeitos da acupuntura e da eletroacupuntura em modelo animal de dor neuropática : parâmetros comportamentais e bioquímicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169683.
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Dor neuropática (DN) é definida como “dor iniciada ou causada por lesão primária ou disfunção em sistema nervoso”, porém sua prevalência depende do tipo de trauma e da disfunção relacionada. Apesar desta condição dolorosa ser considerada altamente prevalente e debilitante, os tratamentos disponíveis são relacionados a efeitos adversos dificultando a adesão. Devido a isso, buscam-se alternativas não farmacológicas para o tratamento deste tipo de dor, entre elas, as técnicas de neuromodulação periférica, como acupuntura (AC) e eletroacupuntura (EA). Estas técnicas podem ser combinadas com intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas e têm apresentado resultados promissores no tratamento da dor neuropática. No entanto, seus mecanismos de ação não estão totalmente elucidados, desta forma a utilização de modelos animais é de grande valia para o estudo destes mecanismos no tratamento da dor neuropática e da patofisiologia deste tipo de dor crônica. É importante salientar que a aplicação de AC e EA em animais acordados é complexa, visto que gera desconforto e pode alterar a analgesia induzida pelo tratamento. Em muitos estudos a anestesia com isoflurano é utilizada durante a aplicação dos tratamentos, porém sua utilização pode gerar um viés no estudo, considerando a possível interferência do fármaco nos resultados comportamentais e neuroquímicos. Outro importante foco de estudo consiste em comparar as duas técnicas, AC e EA, buscando determinar qual destas é a mais eficaz no tratamento da dor neuropática. Considerando o exposto acima, os objetivos desta tese foram: 1) avaliar os parâmetros comportamentais e neuroquímicos dos efeitos da utilização de anestesia na aplicação de AC e EA em ratos submetidos ao modelo de DN; 2) comparar os efeitos da AC e EA em modelo animal de DN por meio de parâmentros comportamentais, neuroquímicos e histológicos. Considerando os resultados obtidos nesta tese, concluímos que o isoflurano aumenta a analgesia promovida por AC e EA, provavelmente diminuindo o efeito do estresse gerado pela aplicação dos tratamentos em animais acordados, resultado que é corroborado pela diminuição do nível de S100β periférico (marcador de morte neuronal central); Por outro lado, o isoflurano diminuiu os níveis de fator de crescimento neuronal (NGF) no nervo periférico lesado, indicando diminuição do processo de regeneração neural, enquanto a EA aumentou. Ao mesmo tempo, o isoflurano alterou os efeitos dos tratamentos nos comportamentos exploratórios e nos níveis de N-metil D-aspartato em tronco encefáfio e medula espinhal. A AC apresentou-se mais eficaz no tratamento da DN em comparação à EA, porém nenhum dos tratamentos foi capaz de alterar os danos causados pela indução da DN no músculo gastrocnemio esquerdo dos animais demonstrado na histologia. Todavia, este resultado não alterou a analgesia gerada pelos tratamentos.Neuropathic pain (NP) is defined as "pain initiated or caused by primary injury or dysfunction in the nervous system," but its prevalence depends on the type of trauma and related dysfunction. Although this painful condition is considered to be highly prevalent and debilitating, the available treatments are related to adverse effects, making adherence difficult. Because of this, non-pharmacological alternatives for the treatment of this type of pain are sought, among them, the techniques of peripheral neuromodulation, such as acupuncture (AC) and electroacupuncture (EA). These techniques can be combined with pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and have shown promising results in the treatment of neuropathic pain. However, its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated, so the use of animal models is of great value for the study of these mechanisms in the treatment of neuropathic pain and the pathophysiology of this type of chronic pain. It is important to emphasize that the application of AC and EA in awake animals is complex, since it generates discomfort and can alter the analgesia induced by the treatment. In many studies, anesthesia with isoflurane is used during the application of the treatments, but its use may generate a bias in the study, considering the possible interference of the drug in the behavioral and neurochemical results. Another important focus of the study is to compare the two techniques, AC and EA, seeking to determine which is the most effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Considering the above, the objectives of this thesis were: 1) to evaluate the behavioral and neurochemical parameters of the effects of the use of anesthesia in the application of AC and EA in rats submitted to the DN model; 2) to compare the effects of AC and EA on animal model of DN by means of behavioral, neurochemical and morphological parameters. Considering the results obtained in this thesis, we conclude that isoflurane increases the analgesia promoted by AC and EA, probably decreasing the effect of the stress generated by the application of the treatments in agreed animals, a result that is corroborated by the decrease in the level of peripheral S100β (biomarker of central neuronal injury); On the other hand, isoflurane decreased the levels of neural grown factor (NGF) in the injured peripheral nerve, indicating a decrease in the neural regeneration process, while the EA increased. At the same time, isoflurane altered the effects of treatments on exploratory behaviors and N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) levels in the brainstem and spinal cord. AC was more effective in the treatment of DN compared to EA, but none of the treatments was able to alter the damage caused by DN induction in the left gastrocnemius muscle of the animals showed in histology. However, this result did not alter the analgesia generated by the treatments.
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Sackey, Peter V. "Inhaled sedation with isoflurane in the intensive care unit /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-962-9/.
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Brosnan, Robert Joseph. "Intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures in isoflurane-anesthetized horses /." Connect to Digital dissertations. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Païta, Lucille. "Caractérisation du canal cationique TRPV1 dans les cardiomyocytes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1329/document.
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L'infarctus du myocarde, une des causes majeures de mortalité à travers le monde, engendre une mort irréversible du muscle cardiaque suite à une ischémie. Cette ischémie, c'est-à-dire une privation de dioxygène et de nutriments, déclencher un stress réticulaire qui perturbe l'équilibre calcique de la cellule cardiaque. Plusieurs pompes et canaux calciques situés à la membrane plasmique ou réticulaire sont des intervenants clés dans le maintien de l'homéostasie calcique. Parmi eux, il existe des canaux de fuites calciques passives, comme les TRPs, et peu d'informations sont actuellement connus à propos de leur rôle précis au cours de l'infarctus du myocarde.TRPV1 est un canal cationique non sélectif qui est activé par la capsaïcine, le pH et la chaleur nocive (>42°C). Dans le muscle squelettique, nous avions démontré que TRPV1 est situé dans la partie longitudinale du réticulum sarcoplasmique et qu'il répond à différentes stimulations physiologiques et pharmacologiques (Lotteau et al., 2013). Ici, nous nous interrogeons sur un éventuel rôle similaire de TRPV1 dans la physiologie cardiaque. Des analyses biochimiques et des mesures de calcium intracellulaire furent réalisées sur des cardiomyocytes issus de souris WT et KO TRPV1. Nos résultats in vitro montrent que: (a) TRPV1 est exprimé dans les cellules cardiaques; (b) une activation de TRPV1 engendre une réduction de la concentration calcique réticulaire et que (c) TRPV1 pourrait être une cible directe de l'isoflurane.Dans la mesure où TRPV1 peut être modulé par de nombreuses molécules pharmacologiques, il pourrait constituer une cible thérapeutique pour réduire la taille d'infarctus. De nombreuses études antérieures ont déjà mis en évidence un rôle cardioprotecteur de TRPV1 dans le système nerveux entourant le cœur. Le but de cette étude est de décrire le fonctionnement des canaux TRPV1 dans des cardiomyocytes adultesAcute myocardial infarction (MI), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is the irreversible death of heart muscle secondary to ischemia. This ischemia, i.e. oxygen and nutrients deprivation, triggers a reticular stress disrupting the Ca2+ balance of the cardiac cell. Several Ca2+ pumps and channels located at the sarcolemma or at the reticulum membrane are key players in this maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis. Among them, we find passive leak channels, such as TRPs and little is known about their precise role in MI.TRPV1 represents a non-selective cation channel that is activated by capsaicin, pH and noxious heat. In skeletal muscle, we previously demonstrated that TRPV1 is located in the longitudinal part of the SR and respond to pharmacological and physiological activations (Lotteau et al., 2013). We questioned here whether TRPV1 might have a similar role in heart physiology. Biochemical analysis and intracellular Ca2+ measurements were performed on cardiomyocytes from wild-type and TRPV1-KO mice. Our in vitro results show that: (i) TRPV1 is expressed in cardiac cells; (ii) an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is elicited under TRPV1 activation; (iii) TRPV1 could be a direct target of isoflurane. In parallel, our in vivo results indicate that a pharmacological preconditioning by isoflurane decrease the infarct size, probably though activation of TRPV1. According to the fact that TRPV1 activity can be modulated by a lot of pharmacological molecules, TRPV1 may serve as therapeutic target to reduce the infarct size. Most of published data have already evidenced this TRPV1 cardioprotective role in the peripheral heart system. The aim of the present work is to describe how TRPV1 channels behave in adult cardiomyocytes
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Decorps, Anne. "Etude pharmacoéconomique en anesthésie : impact économique d'un réveil rapide après anesthésie au desflurane : étude coût-efficacité." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P156.
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Ferron, Judy-Fay, and Judy-Fay Ferron. "Étude in vivo du "burst-suppression"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21020.
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Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2009-2010Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2009-2010
Cette étude résume certains concepts liés à l’anesthésie générale, détaille les mécanismes d’action de l’isoflurane, un anesthésiant volatil, et aborde le phénomène du burst-suppression. Elle vise principalement la compréhension de l’impact de l’isoflurane, à des doses amenant le burst-suppression, sur l’inhibition dans le réseau thalamo-cortical. Nous effectuons des enregistrements intracellulaires de neurones corticaux in vivo et de potentiels de champs locaux à différentes doses d’anesthésiants chez le chat. Conjointement à ces enregistrements, nous appliquons des drogues en iontophorèse en péri-synaptique des neurones enregistrés et nous stimulons les noyaux thalamiques projetant dans les aires corticales enregistrées. Nous suggérons que l’isoflurane amène une diminution de l’inhibition corticale, via une plus grande recapture du glutamate par les glies, ce qui diminue l’activation des interneurones corticaux.
Cette étude résume certains concepts liés à l’anesthésie générale, détaille les mécanismes d’action de l’isoflurane, un anesthésiant volatil, et aborde le phénomène du burst-suppression. Elle vise principalement la compréhension de l’impact de l’isoflurane, à des doses amenant le burst-suppression, sur l’inhibition dans le réseau thalamo-cortical. Nous effectuons des enregistrements intracellulaires de neurones corticaux in vivo et de potentiels de champs locaux à différentes doses d’anesthésiants chez le chat. Conjointement à ces enregistrements, nous appliquons des drogues en iontophorèse en péri-synaptique des neurones enregistrés et nous stimulons les noyaux thalamiques projetant dans les aires corticales enregistrées. Nous suggérons que l’isoflurane amène une diminution de l’inhibition corticale, via une plus grande recapture du glutamate par les glies, ce qui diminue l’activation des interneurones corticaux.
This study summarizes some concepts about general anesthesia, details the mechanisms of action of the volatile anesthetic isoflurane and describes the phenomenon of burst-suppression. It aims at understanding the impact of isoflurane, under doses sufficient to induce burst-suppression, on inhibition in the thalamo-cortical network. We performed intracellular recordings of cortical neurons in vivo and local field potentials under different doses of anesthesia in cats. Additionally, we applied drugs in iontophoresis in the perisynaptic space of the recorded neurons and we stimulated thalamic nuclei projecting to the areas where recordings were performed. We suggest that isoflurane diminishes the cortical inhibition, by an increase of the glutamate uptake by glial cells leading to a diminished activation of cortical interneurons.
This study summarizes some concepts about general anesthesia, details the mechanisms of action of the volatile anesthetic isoflurane and describes the phenomenon of burst-suppression. It aims at understanding the impact of isoflurane, under doses sufficient to induce burst-suppression, on inhibition in the thalamo-cortical network. We performed intracellular recordings of cortical neurons in vivo and local field potentials under different doses of anesthesia in cats. Additionally, we applied drugs in iontophoresis in the perisynaptic space of the recorded neurons and we stimulated thalamic nuclei projecting to the areas where recordings were performed. We suggest that isoflurane diminishes the cortical inhibition, by an increase of the glutamate uptake by glial cells leading to a diminished activation of cortical interneurons.
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Rocha, Thalita Leone Alves. "Avaliação do status antioxidante, das citocinas inflamatórias e metaloproteinases em ratos anestesiados com isoflurano ou sevoflurano." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180509.
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Orientador: Carlos Alan Candido Dias JuniorResumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar e comparar as alterações relacionadas à reatividade vascular e aos biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo e da inflamação em ratos anestesiados com isoflurano ou sevoflurano. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, ratos Wistar machos adultos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: não anestesiado (grupo controle) e anestesiados com isoflurano (grupo Iso) ou sevoflurano (grupo Sevo). A responsividade vascular à fenilefrina (PHE) e acetilcolina (ACh) na presença ou ausência de éster N-nitro-L-arginina-metílico (L-NAME) foram avaliadas em anéis de aorta torácica com endotélio intacto (E +) e endotélio desnudo (E-). Os metabólitos do óxido nítrico (NO) (NOx), a peroxidação lipídica, a função antioxidante, os níveis de citocinas e a atividade das metaloproteinases de matriz extracelular (MMPs) também foram avaliados. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada com relação aos dados hemodinâmicos e temperatura entre os grupos anestesiados. Nos anéis com endotélio intacto, a anestesia com o sevoflurano reduziu a vasoconstrição induzida pela PHE e pelo KCL quando comparado ao grupo controle e Iso, respectivamente (P ˂ 0.05). O isoflurano aumentou significativamente a vasoconstrição induzida pela PHE e pelo KCl, nos anéis com endotélio desnudo (P ˂ 0.05). Níveis de NO reduzidos foram observados após a anestesia com sevoflurano (P = 0.01), mas não com isoflurano. O estresse oxidativo foi significativamente aumentado em ambo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The current study aimed to investigate and compare the changes on vascular reactivity, biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation of rats anesthetized with isoflurane or sevoflurane. Adult Wistar rats were assigned to three experimental groups (n = 6 per group): Non-anesthetized (Control group) and anesthetized with isoflurane (Iso group) or sevoflurane (Sevo group). Vascular responsiveness to phenylephrine (PHE) and acetylcholine (ACh) in the presence or absence of Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) was evaluated in thoracic aortic rings with intact endothelium (E+) and denuded endothelium (E-). Nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (NOx), lipid peroxidation, antioxidant function, cytokines levels and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity were also assessed. In intact endothelium-aortic rings sevoflurane impairs PHE-induced vasoconstriction versus control group and reduces KCl-induced vasoconstriction versus Iso group (P ˂ 0.05). In denuded endothelium-aortic rings isoflurane increases vasoconstriction induced by both PHE and KCl (P ˂ 0.05). Sevoflurane, but not isoflurane, reduces NO (P = 0.01). Oxidative stress was increased in Sevo and Iso groups (P ˂ 0.05). While sevoflurane reduced IL-10 and IL-1β, isoflurane increased IL-1β. MMP-2 activity in aorta was increased in Sevo (P ˂ 0.05), but not in Iso group. We concluded that 150 minutes of anesthesia with sevoflurane, but not with isoflurane, impairs vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictors agents. Also, while b... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Northing, Richard J. "An electrochemical sensor for forane." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b9a19f1-919c-4fc1-a39b-8bb3ac706f9f.
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This thesis is concerned with the development and laboratory assessment of an electrochemical sensor for the detection and measurement of the volatile inhalation anaesthetic, forane. Investigations were therefore based on the heterogeneous and homogeneous reduction of this agent in non-aqueous electrolyte. Preliminary experiments at a mercury and other rotating disc electrodes (RDEs) revealed that the direct reduction of forane was not possible and therefore the use of an electron transfer mediator was examined. To this end, the radical anion of the polyaromatic compound, fluoranthene, (F), was investigated as a possible electro-reduction catalyst and the mediated reduction of the anaesthetic, via a catalytic process, demonstrated. Theory was presented for the calculation of chronoamperometric and steady state responses at the RDE resulting from one electron transfer and coupled (catalytic) homogeneous kinetic processes. The latter enabled a precise mechanism to be assigned to the F + forane process, while a comparison of the former theory with experimental chronoamperometric results was used, in conjunction with AC impedance studies, to investigate the adsorption of F at the mercury/acetonitrile interface. A polymer modified electrode, based on the polymer poly-(11-vinylfluoranthene) was demonstrated to be effective in the heterogeneous reduction of forane but displayed only a limited lifetime. Therefore, a Clark-type membrane electrode was constructed and the detection and measurement of forane, in the absence of oxygen, demonstrated using this device. However, the sluggish response of this sensor, together with interference problems from oxygen encouraged the development of a device which utilised a channel electrode (ChE) sensing approach. Theory was presented for the deduction of steady state currents at the ChE resulting from coupled catalytic kinetics and this was used to demonstrate that the same mechanism for the F + forane system operated at the ChE as the RDE. The conventional ChE was then modified by the incorporation of a membrane and this sensor, which was shown to operate successfully in the presence of high concentrations of oxygen and nitrous oxide, responded linearly to forane, while displaying an excellent response time of under ten seconds. The device should find application in clinical monitoring.
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Goddard, Helen. "Electrophysiological effects of fentanyl, halothane and isoflurane on guinea-pig isolated ventricular myocytes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:58f6f4e2-aaa9-4913-a7c2-5568e2f8d72f.
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Aarnes, Turi K. "Fluid administration for the treatment of isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236023502.
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Zambelli, Fábio Poças [UNESP]. "O isoflurano e a associação remifentanil e isoflurano usados após isquemia reperfusão causa proteção renal em ratos?" Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105377.
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Há fármacos que produzem pré-condicionamento farmacológico e, dentre estes, os anestésicos inalatórios são os mais estudados. Como exemplo, o isoflurano pode proteger o rim contra a lesão causada pela isquemiareperfusão, principalmente quando a anestesia inalatória é mantida por um período após a reperfusão. Os opióides parecem ser uma classe de fármacos capaz de produzir este pré-condicionamento. Há estudo mostrando que o remifentanil pode proteger o miocárdio contra a lesão produzida pela isquemia-reperfusão. Outro estudo mostrou que a lesão da isquemia e reperfusão renal pode ser atenuada em ratos submetidos à associação do isoflurano e do remifentanil e ao pré-condicionamento mecânico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se o isoflurano e a associação do isoflurano e do remifentanil usado após a isquemia-reperfusão podem causar proteção renal. 40 ratos machos, da raça Wistar foram distribuídos em quatro Grupos: Grupo Sham (n=10); Grupo IP (n=10), isoflurano usado durante o experimento e 90 minutos pós-reperfusão; Grupo IRP (n=10), associação do isoflurano com remifentanil usado durante o experimento e 90 minutos pós-reperfusão e Grupo Iso (n=10), isoflurano usado durante o experimento. Todos os animais foram anestesiados submetidos à intubação orotraqueal e colocados em ventilação mecânica (Ventilador Harvard Rodent 683). A veia jugular esquerda foi dissecada e um cateter foi introduzido para administração de fármacos e para a hidratação dos animais. A artéria carótida esquerda também foi dissecada e um cateter foi introduzido na sua luz com a finalidade de medida da pressão arterial (PAM) e de coleta de amostras de sangue. Todos os Grupos foram anestesiados com isoflurano na concentração inspirada entre 1,5 a 3 % e no Grupo IRP teve inicio a infusão de remifentanil na velocidade de 2 μg.kg-1.min-1. Após laparotomia...
How we can protect our patients against ischemiareperfusion injury is a question we make every day in anesthesia. Some drugs may be having the answer. Drugs can make pharmacologic preconditioning may be a good way to answer the question. Remifentanil can protect heart cells against ischemiareperfusion (IR) injury. Isoflurane can protect the kidney against IR injury. Our work makes a question if the association can make any protection against ischemiareperfusion injury? 40 male Wistar rats were put in four groups Sham (n=10), Isoflurane (n=10) (Iso), isoflurane plus wemifentanil (IRP) and isoflurane before reperfusion (ISO) with 10 rats each one. All rats groups were anesthetized and put with mechanical ventilation (Harvard Rodent Ventilator 683) by tracheal intubation. Catheters were inserted in jugular internal vein, for fluid or drug administration, and carotid artery, for measure arterial blood pressure and blood samples. All groups were anesthetized with Isoflurane between 1.5 and 3% and the group IRP start after the venous catheterize remifentanil 2 mcg/kg/min. The right kidney was removed, in the group Sham the procedure were over. For the others groups a clamp were put in left renal artery (LRA) for 45 minutes. The group Iso end, the procedure after the clamp were retired. The group IRP and IP were anesthetized for plus 90 minutes and the procedure were over. In all groups body temperature were between 36-38°C. In the end of the procedure before the extubation, analgesia were performed with infiltration of bupivacaine at 0.25%. Free food and water for all animals. After 24 hours all rats were nefrectomized in the left side and sacrificed with thiopentone. The kidneys were send to histological examination, and score for tubular lesion were performed (0- 3). Flow Cytometry (FCM) were performed in the left kidney for all groups. Blood samples to analyze serum creatinine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Mosley, Craig A. E. "Evaluation of isoflurane and butorphanol in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/MQ55696.pdf.
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Aarnes, Turi Kenna. "Fluid administration for the treatment of isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1236023502.
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Zambelli, Fábio Poças. "O isoflurano e a associação remifentanil e isoflurano usados após isquemia reperfusão causa proteção renal em ratos? /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105377.
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Orientador: Pedro Thadeu Galvão ViannaBanca: Luiz Vicente Garcia
Banca: Luiz Antonio Vane
Banca: Rosa Beatriz Amorim
Banca: Angélica de Fátima de Assunção Braga
Resumo: Há fármacos que produzem pré-condicionamento farmacológico e, dentre estes, os anestésicos inalatórios são os mais estudados. Como exemplo, o isoflurano pode proteger o rim contra a lesão causada pela isquemiareperfusão, principalmente quando a anestesia inalatória é mantida por um período após a reperfusão. Os opióides parecem ser uma classe de fármacos capaz de produzir este pré-condicionamento. Há estudo mostrando que o remifentanil pode proteger o miocárdio contra a lesão produzida pela isquemia-reperfusão. Outro estudo mostrou que a lesão da isquemia e reperfusão renal pode ser atenuada em ratos submetidos à associação do isoflurano e do remifentanil e ao pré-condicionamento mecânico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se o isoflurano e a associação do isoflurano e do remifentanil usado após a isquemia-reperfusão podem causar proteção renal. 40 ratos machos, da raça Wistar foram distribuídos em quatro Grupos: Grupo Sham (n=10); Grupo IP (n=10), isoflurano usado durante o experimento e 90 minutos pós-reperfusão; Grupo IRP (n=10), associação do isoflurano com remifentanil usado durante o experimento e 90 minutos pós-reperfusão e Grupo Iso (n=10), isoflurano usado durante o experimento. Todos os animais foram anestesiados submetidos à intubação orotraqueal e colocados em ventilação mecânica (Ventilador Harvard Rodent 683). A veia jugular esquerda foi dissecada e um cateter foi introduzido para administração de fármacos e para a hidratação dos animais. A artéria carótida esquerda também foi dissecada e um cateter foi introduzido na sua luz com a finalidade de medida da pressão arterial (PAM) e de coleta de amostras de sangue. Todos os Grupos foram anestesiados com isoflurano na concentração inspirada entre 1,5 a 3 % e no Grupo IRP teve inicio a infusão de remifentanil na velocidade de 2 μg.kg-1.min-1. Após laparotomia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: How we can protect our patients against ischemiareperfusion injury is a question we make every day in anesthesia. Some drugs may be having the answer. Drugs can make pharmacologic preconditioning may be a good way to answer the question. Remifentanil can protect heart cells against ischemiareperfusion (IR) injury. Isoflurane can protect the kidney against IR injury. Our work makes a question if the association can make any protection against ischemiareperfusion injury? 40 male Wistar rats were put in four groups Sham (n=10), Isoflurane (n=10) (Iso), isoflurane plus wemifentanil (IRP) and isoflurane before reperfusion (ISO) with 10 rats each one. All rats groups were anesthetized and put with mechanical ventilation (Harvard Rodent Ventilator 683) by tracheal intubation. Catheters were inserted in jugular internal vein, for fluid or drug administration, and carotid artery, for measure arterial blood pressure and blood samples. All groups were anesthetized with Isoflurane between 1.5 and 3% and the group IRP start after the venous catheterize remifentanil 2 mcg/kg/min. The right kidney was removed, in the group Sham the procedure were over. For the others groups a clamp were put in left renal artery (LRA) for 45 minutes. The group Iso end, the procedure after the clamp were retired. The group IRP and IP were anesthetized for plus 90 minutes and the procedure were over. In all groups body temperature were between 36-38°C. In the end of the procedure before the extubation, analgesia were performed with infiltration of bupivacaine at 0.25%. Free food and water for all animals. After 24 hours all rats were nefrectomized in the left side and sacrificed with thiopentone. The kidneys were send to histological examination, and score for tubular lesion were performed (0- 3). Flow Cytometry (FCM) were performed in the left kidney for all groups. Blood samples to analyze serum creatinine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Guénard, Yves. "Etude prospective, contrôlée sur les conséquences de la prescription d'anthracyclines sur l'inotropisme ventriculaire gauche au cours de l'anesthésie générale sous isoflurane : mise en place du protocole." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23011.
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BRODIER, CATHERINE. "Anesthesie pour chirurgie des fentes labio-palatines en pediatrie : interet de l'isoflurane dans une etude comparee : a propos de 100 cas." Reims, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REIMM093.
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FOUILLARD, FRIOUX ANNE. "Le propofol dans la chirurgie du carrefour aortique : comparaison avec l'isoflurane." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMOO115.
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Darling, John R. "The effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane on hepatic and renal function." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261937.
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Moutinho, Inês Isabel Mano. "Estudo comparativo dos anestésicos sevoflurano vs isoflurano em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculi)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2264.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA introdução de espécies exóticas na prática clínica veterinária exige uma actualização constante nesta área. A anestesia é, muitas vezes, necessária para a elaboração de procedimentos de rotina nestes animais. Os anestésicos mais utilizados neste âmbito são os anestésicos voláteis, devido às suas características farmacológicas. São eliminados, principalmente pelos pulmões, evitando assim a formação de metabolitos tóxicos noutros órgãos. Possuem ainda um baixo coeficiente de solubilidade sangue/gás, permitindo uma rápida indução e recuperação anestésica. O Isoflurano é o anestésico volátil mais utilizado em veterinária, contudo, a recente introdução do Sevoflurano na prática clínica tem ganho popularidade nesta área. Ao contrário dos animais de companhia, os coelhos possuem características anatómicas e fisiológicas que dificultam a anestesia. Os principais problemas da anestesia nesses animais são o stress, a hipóxia e a presença de doenças subclínicas concomitantes, sendo assim essencial, uma correcta escolha do agente, assim como, da técnica anestésica a utilizar. O objectivo desta dissertação foi comparar os dois anestésicos em relação aos tempos de indução e recuperação anestésicos, a qualidade da indução e alguns efeitos cardio-respiratórios, assim como a temperatura, em cirurgias de rotina desta espécie. Foram anestesiados quarenta e dois animais, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de vinte e um animais. Um grupo foi anestesiado com Sevoflurano e o outro com Isoflurano. A indução foi realizada com máscara anestésica. A anestesia com o Sevoflurano resultou num menor tempo de indução anestésico e numa melhor qualidade de indução comparado com o Isoflurano, contudo o tempo de recuperação anestésico foi semelhante para ambos os anestésicos. No grupo Sevoflurano verificou-se uma menor hipotensão e menor depressão dos mecanismos homeostáticos reguladores da temperatura, quando comparado com o grupo Isoflurano. Ambos os anestésicos estão associados a depressão cardiovascular e respiratória, de forma similar. Em geral, o Sevoflurano foi associado a menos efeitos adversos do que o Isoflurano, podendo assim, o seu uso, ser preferível ao Isoflurano, nesta espécie animal.
ABSTRACT - Comparative study of anesthetics Sevoflurane vs Isoflurane in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi) - The anesthesia is essential in most of the routine procedures in exotic pets. Since there is a lack of information about anesthesia in rabbits, it was considered important to study their physiologic response to Sevoflurane and Isoflurane during several different surgical procedures. The volatile anesthetics are, currently, the most common used agents in exotic pet medicine, because of their pharmacologic characteristics. They are mostly eliminated in the lungs, preventing the formation of toxic metabolites in other organs, and in addition to this, they have low solubility in the blood, which allows a rapid induction and anesthetic recovery. Unlike cats and dogs, rabbits have anatomic and physiologic characteristics that difficult anesthesia, like stress, hypoxia and presence of subclinical diseases, so it’s important a correct choice of the agent as well as an appropriate anesthesia technique. Isoflurane is still the most used, however Sevoflurane, which was recently introduced in exotic pet medicine, its gaining popularity among clinicians. The purpose of this thesis was to compare times of anesthetic induction and recovery, cardiopulmonary, temperature and behavioral effects of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane anesthesia in routine surgeries of rabbits. Forty-two rabbits were randomly divided in two equal groups, both of them were induced with anesthetics masks, however in one group it was used Sevoflurane for induction and maintenance, and in the other one was used Isoflurane. The cardiopulmonary parameters and temperature were recorded every five minutes. Sevoflurane showed shorter induction time and better quality of induction than Isoflurane, however the recovery time was similar in both anesthetics. It also noticed less hypotension effects and less depression of homeostatic mechanisms that control body temperature when compared with Isoflurane. Both anesthetics were related with cardiovascular and respiratory depression in a similar manner, nevertheless, Sevoflurane was associated with less adverse effects. In conclusion, the use of Sevoflurane may be preferable to the use of Isoflurane in rabbit anesthesia.
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Cesarovic, Nikola. "Acute and long-term effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia in laboratory mice /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000278505.
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Hirata, Shinichi. "Effects of isoflurane on receptor-operated Ca2+ channels in rat aortic smooth muscle." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180893.
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Pimenta, Eutálio Luiz Mariani. "Determinação da variação da pressão de pulso em equinos anestesiados com isofluorano e mecanicamente ventilados submetidos à reposição volêmica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-07102016-122248/.
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Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre a ΔPP e a responsividade à expansão volêmica em equinos anestesiados com isoflurano e mecanicamente ventilados. Método: Em estudo prospectivo, oito cavalos Árabes saudáveis (366,5 ± 22,7kg) foram anestesiados. Todos os animais foram aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos: (I) restrição hídrica de 14h; (II) restrição hídrica de 14h mais pneumoperitôneo de 12mmHg. Anestesia foi induzida com detomidina, diazepam e cetamina e mantida com isoflurano a 1,6% (I) e 1,3 % (II) em todos os animais mecanicamente ventilados (VTexp 14mL/kg) e posicionados em decúbito dorsal. I - Após 30 minutos da indução anestésica foi coletado os parâmetros basais (TBasal) e os animais submetidos a desafio volêmico (DV) com Ringer com Lactato de sódio (15 mL/kg, 15 min) (T1). Animais responsivos (DC > 15%) receberam até dois DV adicionais (T2 e T3, respectivamente). Caso considerado não responsivo, foi administrada dobutamina titulada para PAM 65-75 mmHg por 15 minutos (T4) e após foi realizado novo DV (T5). II Ídem acima, porém após TBasal foi instituído pneumoperitônio (12mmHg) por 15 minutos (PNP) e os desafios realizados com pneumoperitônio. Após (T5), foi descontinuada a hiperdistenção abdominal e coletado os valores (T6). Resultados: FaseI: Não houve aumento significativo no IC em T1 e T4. Porém, houve aumento de 16,5% após novo DV (T5). Não houve aumento significativo na PAM em T1. Porém houve aumento em T4, sem aumento adicional após novo DV (T5). Os valores de ΔPP e ΔPS reduziram em T4, T5 e em T1, T4 e T5, respectivamente, em relação ao valor basal. Porém não houve diferença estatística quando comparados animais responsivos dos não responsivos. Houve aumento de 293% da PVC em T1, mantendo se acima do valor basal por todos os demais momentos. A AUC obtida através da curva ROC foi de 0,83, 0,83 e 0,40 para ΔPP, PAM e PVC, respectivamente para T1 e T2; e 0,55, 0,69 e 0,65 incluíndo T5. FaseII: Não houve alteração significativa no IC e ΔPP em todos os tempos observados. Houve aumento significativo na PAM em relação a Tbasal após DV sob pneumoperitônio (T1). Aumento adicional foi observado após novo desafio volêmico (T5). Os valores de PS reduziram somente após descontinuado pneumoperitônio (T6). Porém não houve diferença estatística quando comparados animais responsivos dos não responsivos. Houve aumento de 363% da PVC após pneumoperitônio (PNP), com aumento adicional de 189% após DV em T1, mantendo se acima do valor basal por todos os demais momentos. Novo aumento foi observado em T5, retornando para valores similares a PNP em T6. A AUC obtida através da curva ROC foi de 0,64, 0,50 e 0,29 para ΔPP, PAM e PVC, respectivamente para T1 e T2; e 0,71, 0,64 e 0,61 incluíndo T5. Conclusão: Utilizando a metodologia empregada, o ΔPP não mostrou ser índice preditivo de responsividade volêmica em equinos anestesiados com isoflurano e mecanicamente ventilados, ocorrendo piora quando empregado pneumoperitônio de 12 mmHg. O emprego da dobutamina também reduziu a sensibilidade/especificidade deste índice. Portanto, acredita-se que o uso desta ferramenta seja limitado na espécie equinaObjective: To determine the relationship between ΔPP and fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated isoflurane anesthetizes horses. Method: In a prospective study, 8 adult healthy Arabian horses (366.5 ± 22.7kg) were anesthetized. All animals were randomly submitted in two groups: (I) 14h of water restriction; (II) 14 h of water restriction associated with 12mmHg of pneumoperitoneum. Anesthesia was induced with detomidine, diazepam and ketamine and maintained with 1.6% (I) or 1.3% (II) end-tidal concentration of isoflurane and all animals were placed dorsal recubency and mechanically ventilated (VTexp 14mL / kg). I - Baseline parameters was collected (TBasal) after 30 minutes of anesthetic induction and animals subjected to blood fluid challenge (VE) with lactate Ringer solution (15 mL / kg, 15 min) (T1). Responsive animals (DC> 15%) received up to two additional VE (T2 and T3, respectively). Dobutamine was given titrated to achieve PAM 65-75 mmHg for 15 minutes (T4) if animals were considered unresponsive. After was submitted to a new VE (T5). II - As described above, with difference after TBasal was established pneumoperitoneum (12 mmHg) for 15 minutes (PNP) and the challenges were realized in animals with pneumoperitoneum. After (T5) abdominal distension was discontinued and collected all values (T6). Results: Phase I: There was no significant increase in CI at T1 and T4. However an increase of 16.5% after new VE (T5). There was no significant increase in MAP at T1. But there was an increase at T4 with no further increase after new VE (T5). ΔPP and ΔPS values decreased compared to TBasal at T4, T5 and T1, T4 and T5, respectively. But there was no statistical difference when compared responsive with unresponsive animals. There was an 293% increase of PVC at T1, keeping above the baseline for all other times. The AUC obtained from ROC curve was 0.83, 0.83 and 0.40 for ΔPP, PVC and CVP respectively for T1 and T2; and 0.55, 0.69 and 0.65 including T5. Phase II: No significant change in CI and ΔPP in all observed times. Significant increase in MAP compared with Tbasal after DV under pneumoperitoneum (T1) was observed. With additional increase after new VE (T5). ΔPS values reduced only after discontinued pneumoperitoneum (T6). However there was no statistical difference when compared responsive with unresponsive animals. There was an 363% increase of PVC after pneumoperitoneum (PNP), with an additional increase of 189% after DV at T1, keeping above the baseline for all other times. Further increase was observed in T5, returning to values similar to PNP at T6. The AUC obtained from the ROC curve was 0.64, 0.50 and 0.29 for ΔPP, PVC and ΔPS respectively for T1 and T2; and 0.71, 0.64 and 0.61 including T5. Conclusion: With the methodology employed, the PP not shown to be a predictor of responsiveness volume in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and mechanically ventilated, occurring worsening when used pneumoperitoneum 12 mmHg. The use of dobutamine also reduced the sensitivity / specificity of this index. Therefore the use of this this tool appears limited in horses
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WALLECK, PATRICIA. "Comparaison de deux protocoles anesthesiques lors des coelioscopies de longue duree chez le porc." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF13835.
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Wood, Melinda Anne. "The Effects of Anesthesia and Surgery on Thyroid Function Tests in Dogs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43705.
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Background: Many non-thyroidal factors affect thyroid function tests. Anesthesia and surgery have been documented to affect thyroid function tests in humans but have not been extensively studied in dogs.
Hypothesis: Anesthesia alone and anesthesia combined with surgery will affect thyroid function tests in dogs.
Animals: 15 euthyroid mongrel dogs.
Methods: Dogs were assigned to one of three groups: control, general anesthesia, and general anesthesia plus abdominal exploratory surgery. Blood samples were collected from each dog immediately prior to pre-medication, 20 minutes after pre-medication, 55 minutes after anesthesia induction, once daily for an additional 6 days, and 14 days post-procedures. Sampling was performed at identical times in the control group. Thyroxine (T4), free T4 (fT4) by equilibrium dialysis, triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were measured in all samples.
Results: Results of all thyroid function tests were not significantly different between control and anesthesia groups. Serum T3 for the surgery group decreased significantly from baseline compared to the control and anesthesia groups at multiple times. Serum T4 and rT3 for the surgery group increased significantly from baseline compared to the control and anesthesia groups at multiple times. Serum fT4 for the surgery group increased significantly from baseline compared to the control and anesthesia groups at 48 hours only.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Surgery has a significant effect on thyroid function tests, while the anesthetic protocol used in this study does not. Because serum T4 and fT4 concentrations increased rather than decreased, evaluating these hormones following surgery is unlikely to lead to a misdiagnosis of hypothyroidism in euthyroid dogs.Master of Science
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Erasso, Diana Marcela. "Differential Effects of Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia on Neurogenesis in Young and Aged Rats." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3092.
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Worldwide, millions of young and elderly patients receive procedures that could not be performed without the use of anesthetics. Unfortunately, emerging animal and human data suggest an association between exposure to general anesthesia and impairment of cognitive function in pediatric and geriatric patients. Recent laboratory data have shown that general anesthetics are potentially damaging to the developing and aging brain. However, the mechanism by which this happens is still unknown. General anesthetics affect learning and memory, a brain function involving neural plasticity. An important form of neural plasticity receiving attention is postnatal neurogenesis. This process is highly regulated and involved in hippocampal functions under physiological conditions. This dissertation hypothesizes that anesthetic induced alteration of postnatal neurogenesis may explain the cognitive impairment observed in some pediatric and geriatric patients after anesthesia. In order to accurately address this hypothesis, in the first portion of this dissertation, an animal model is used to examine the effects of two different anesthetics on cognition and new cell proliferation in young and aged rats. Furthermore, the second and third portion of this dissertation emphasizes on the effects of these two widely used anesthetics on each of the various stage of postnatal neurogenesis in young and aged rats.
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Fujinaga, Takuji. "Isoflurane inhalation after circulatory arrest protects against warm ischemia reperfusion injury of the lungs." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135895.
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Dessen, Marina Regatieri [UNESP]. "Efeitos do citrato de sufentanil, administrado em infusão contínua, na concentração alveolar mínima (CAM) de isofluorano em felinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86630.
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dessen_mr_me_botfmvz.pdf: 386204 bytes, checksum: a84656fdadfb9ae9018f3007e5844e9b (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Opioides reduzem a CAM de agentes inalatórios em diversas espécies. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de três doses de sufentanil ,administradas em infusão contínua, na CAMiso em felinos. Oito gatos adultos e castrados (4.0±0.5 kg-1) foram anestesiados com isofluorano em três ocasiões distintas com um intervalo mínimo de sete dias mantidos em ventilação mecânica. A temperatura esofágica foi mantida na faixa de 38.5 a 39.0°C. Uma das três doses de sufentanil (0.01; 0.025 e 0.05 μg kg-1 minuto-1) foi selecionada aleatoriamente e infundida em cada experimento. A CAMiso basal individual, a CAMiso durante a infusões e a CAMiso após uma hora do término da infusão foram determinadas em todos os experimentos. As infusões eram feitas por 60 minutos antes da determinação da CAMISO em cada dose de sufentanil. As determinações da CAMISO foram realizadas de modo duplicado usando estímulo elétrico (50 V, frequência 50, 10 ms) aplicados nos antebraço. FC, PAS, PAM, PAD, EtCO2 e análise hemogasométrica eram registrados antes de cada determinação da CAMiso. Dados (média ± SD) foram analisados por ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey (p<0.05%). Os valores de CAMbasal não diferiram estatisticamente (1.64±0.13; 1.61±0.24 e 1.62±0.31%). As infusões de sufentanil (0.01; 0.025 e 0.05 μg μg kg-1 minuto-1) reduziram significativamente a CAMISO 21.4±10.8; 18.5±10.5 e 18.0±13.7%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de CAMISO durante as infusões.Os valores de CAMISO controle (1.56±0.26; 1.50±0.22 e 1.53±0.26%) foram inferiores da CAMISO basal indicando um possível efeito residual do opioide após a descontinuação da infusão. Os valores de FC e das pressões arteriais aumentaram durante as infusões de sufentanil 0.025 e 0.05 μg kg-1 minuto-1. As três doses de sufentanil infundidas resultaram em graus semelhantes...
Opioids reduce the MAC of Inhalants agents in many species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three sufentanil constant rate infusions (CRIs) on the MACISO in cats. Eight adult spayed cats (4.0±0.5 kg-1) were anesthetized with isoflurane under mechanical ventilation on three occasions with a minimum 7-day interval between. Esophageal temperature was maintained within a narrow range (38.5 to 39.0°C). One of three sufentanil CRIs (0.01; 0.025 and 0.05 μg kg-1 minute-1) was randomly selected to be administered on each day of MACISO determinations. On all study days, the individual basal MACISO (MACbasal), the MACISO during one of the infusion rates, and the control one hour post-infusion MAC (MACcontrol) were determined. CRI was continued for 60 minutes before MACISO was determined for each sufentanil dose. The MACISO determinations were performed in duplicate using an electrical stimulus (50V, 50 cycles second-1, 10 ms) applied to the antebrachium. HR, SAP, MAP, DAP, ETCO2, and arterial blood gases were recorded before and after each MACISO determination. Data (mean±SD) were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p<0.05%).MACbasal values were not significantly different (1.64±0.13; 1.61±0.24 and 1.62±0.31%). Sufentanil CRIs (0.01; 0.025 and 0.05 μg kg-1 minute-1) significantly reduced MACISO by 21.4±10.8; 18.5±10.5 and 18.0±13.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the MACISO values determined during the CRIs. The MACcontroll values (1.56±0.26; 1.50±0.22 and 1.53±0.26%) were different from MACbasal indicating the possibility of a residual opioid effect after the discontinuation of infusions. HR and blood pressure values increased during infusion of the higher sufentanil CRIs (0.025 and 0.05 μg kg-1 minute-1). The three CRI doses of sufentanil resulted in similar degrees of MACISO reduction in cats, indicating that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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David, Jean-Stéphane. "Étude in vitro de l'effet sur myocarde sain et pathologique d'agents de l'anesthésie." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10034.
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Les effets de différents produits de l'anesthésie ont été étudiés à l'aide d'un modèle de muscle papillaire. Chez le rat, la protamine a induit un effet inotrope négatif marqué qui s'accompagnait d'une contracture du muscle probablement en relation avec une surcharge calcique intracytosolique. De plus, la réponse inotrope aux agonistes α- et β- adrénergiques était abolie alors que la réponse lusitrope était préservée, suggérant une action en aval de la chaine des phosphorylations AMPc dépendante. Sur le myocarde diabétique, l'effet des gaz halogénés était plus important et en relation avec une baisse de la sensibilité des myofilaments au Ca2+. La potentialisation de l'effet inotrope positif des agonistes β-adrénergiques était préservée en présence de sévoflurane et d'isoflurane mais pas d'halothane. Chez le hamster, le sévoflurane a induit un effet inotrope positif. La nifédipine abolissait cet effet chez le hamster sain alors qu'elle le potentialisait chez le hamster cardiomyopatheThe effects of different anesthetic agents were studied thanks to a papillary muscle model. In rat, protamine induced a negative inotropic effect which was associated to a muscle contracture probably related to calcium overload. Moreover, inotropic response to α - and β-adrenoceptor stimulation was abolished whereas the lusitropic response was preserved, suggesting a site of action situated downstream from cAMP-mediated phosphorylation. In diabetic myocardium, effect of halogenated gas was more important and related to a decrease in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Potentiation of the positive inotropic effect of β-adrenoceptor agonist was preserved in presence of sevoflurane and isoflurane but not halothane. In hamster, sevoflurane induced a positive inotropic effect. Nifedipine abolished it in healthy hamster but enhanced it in cardiomyopathic hamster
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De, Sousa Sara Luisa Mellor. "Effects of the general anaesthetics isoflurane and xenon on synaptic transmission in isolated hippocampal neurones." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8593.
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McKinney, Maurice Stanley. "Aspects of cardiac function and the influence of age during anaesthesia with isoflurane and halothane." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333778.
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Buck, Roxanne Kate. "Cardiopulmonary effects of anaesthesia maintained by propofol infusion versus isoflurane inhalation in cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65506.
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Objective To compare the cardiopulmonary function of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) undergoing propofol total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) to isoflurane maintenance in order to evaluate their feasibility for field use. Study design Prospective clinical study Animals 24 adult cheetahs Materials and Methods Cheetahs were immobilised with tiletamine-zolazepam (1.2 mg kg-1) and medetomidine (40 ?g kg-1) intramuscular by darting. A maintenance protocol of propofol TIVA (Group-P) or isoflurane inhalation (Group-I) was randomly assigned to each cheetah. Anaesthesia was maintained for at least 60 minutes. Cheetah breathed spontaneously throughout anaesthesia. Oxygen was supplemented at 3 L minute-1. Cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded at five minute intervals and three arterial blood gas samples analysed. Following maintenance, atipamezole was administered intramuscular (200 ?g kg-1) and recovery observed. Data is reported as mean ±SD; variables over time were compared using a linear mixed model (fixed: time, treatment; random: cheetah). Results Lack of response to manipulations was maintained in all cases (end-tidal isoflurane 1.1 ± 0.1%, propofol infusion rate maintained at 0.1 mg kg-1 minute-1). The heart rate and respiratory rate were 82 ± 10 beats minute-1 and 14 ± 4 breaths minute-1, respectively for both groups overall. The end-tidal carbon dioxide tension increased slowly (to 44.0 ± 5.0 mmHg at the end of maintenance) with no differences between groups. All cheetahs were initially markedly hypertensive (mean arterial pressure (MAP) 163.3 ± 17 mmHg); MAP normalised for Group-I (125 ± 30 mmHg) but remained high for Group-P (161.0 ± 17 mmHg) (p < 0.001). The arterial carbon dioxide tension (48.9 ± 14.6 mmHg) never differed between groups. Recovery time was 10.8 ± 5.0 and 51.9 ± 23.5 minutes for Group-I and Group-P, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance Both protocols provided acceptable cardiopulmonary values. Propofol may be an alternative to isoflurane for field use, but the prolonged recovery requires investigation.Dissertation (MMEDVET)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Anaesthesiology
MMEDVET
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Loughran, Claire. "The effect Dobutamine and Bolus crystalloid fluids on the cardiovascular function of isoflurane anaesthetised horses." Thesis, Loughran, Claire (2016) The effect Dobutamine and Bolus crystalloid fluids on the cardiovascular function of isoflurane anaesthetised horses. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/32825/.
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Reason for performing the study: Cardiac output does not always increase with dobutamine administration in anaesthetised horses and information on peripheral perfusion is lacking.
Objective: Determine the effect of intravenous dobutamine infusion with and without a concurrent 20 mL kg-1 bodyweight bolus of crystalloid fluids on the cardiovascular function of hypotensive, isoflurane-anaesthetised horses premedicated with acepromazine.
Study design: Prospective, randomised, crossover experimental design.
Methods: Six horses aged 5-13 years, weighing 464-578 kg were premedicated with acepromazine 0.02 mg kg-1, then sedated with xylazine 0.8 mg kg-1 intravenously. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine 2.2 mg kg-1 and diazepam 0.08 mg kg-1 intravenously and maintained in lateral recumbency with isoflurane, adjusted to achieve a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) (60mmHg+/-5%) 60 minutes post-induction of anaesthesia (T0). One of two randomly allocated treatments was then given. In treatment D, dobutamine was initially infused at 0.5 μg kg-1 min-1 and adjusted to achieve a target MAP (80 mmHg +/- 5%) within 30 minutes of infusion initiation. In treatment D+F dobutamine was administered as described for treatment D, with 20 mL kg-1 bodyweight Hartmann’s solution infused intravenously over 20 minutes. Cardiac index (CI), haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), arterial oxygen content (CaO2), oxygen delivery index (DO2I) and bilateral femoral arterial blood flow (FBF) were recorded at T0, 30 minutes following dobutamine initiation (T1) and 15 minutes following dobutamine cessation (T2). Data were analysed using a mixed effect linear model (P<0.05 considered significant) and presented as mean +/- 95% confidence intervals.
Results: During treatment D, a significant increase was observed in DO2I, CaO2 and [Hb] between T0 and T1. While CaO2 and [Hb] remained significantly higher at T2 compared to T0, DO2I at T2 was not significantly different from T0. During treatment D+F a significant increase was observed in FBF between T0 and T1. However FBF at T2 was not significantly different from T0. A significant difference between treatments was recorded at T1 for [Hb] and CaO2 and at T2 for [Hb]. There was no change in CI during either treatment.
Conclusion: Administration of dobutamine alone significantly increased DO2I while coadministration of dobutamine and fluids did not. In contrast co-administration of crystalloid fluids and dobutamine significantly increased FBF, while dobutamine alone did not.
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Piriou, Vincent. "Interactions entre l'isoflurane et un activateur des canaux Katp (le nicorandil) : effets sur l'hémodynamique et sur la cardioprotection." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T088.
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Keita, Alassane Ndeye Sokhna. "Etude d'un modèle de neuropaludisme chez le rat et évaluation des effets pharmacologiques d'un candidat-médicament." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30379.
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Le neuropaludisme (NP) est la forme la plus mortelle du paludisme. C'est une complication neurologique observée uniquement dans les cas d'infection par Plasmodium falciparum, principalement chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans vivant en Afrique Sub-saharienne, et les adultes non-immuns, notamment les femmes enceintes et les touristes visitant les zones d'endémie. Les signes cliniques sont à présent bien décrits (prostration, convulsions répétées, difficultés respiratoires, coma,...), mais les mécanismes physiopathologiques conduisant au NP sont encore mal définis. Leur élucidation est rendue difficile par la localisation cérébrale de la pathologie du vivant des patients et la faible disponibilité des données nécropsiques. Bien que l'accès aux tissus humains soit limité en nombre, les résultats d'autopsie ont permis d'établir que le NP résulte d'une séquestration des globules parasités au niveau de l'endothélium intra-vasculaire, associée à une forte réaction immunitaire. La stratégie de prise en charge du NP combine un traitement étiologique à base de dérivés d'artémisinine, ou de quinine et un traitement adjuvant symptomatique destiné à pallier à la défaillance multiorganique qui est à l'origine de l'issue fatale souvent observée. Le modèle de NP expérimental actuellement le plus utilisé est le modèle souris infecté par P. berghei ANKA. La pertinence de ce modèle est toutefois remise en cause en raison notamment des différences histo-pathologiques observées par rapport à la forme humaine. En effet, les souris manifestant les symptômes du NP ne présentent que très rarement le phénomène de séquestration, caractéristique majeure du NP chez l'Homme. Par ailleurs, comparativement à la réponse immunitaire de la souris, le modèle rat s'est également révélé plus proche de la réaction de l'Homme, dans le cas d'une autre parasitose, la schistosomose. L'objectif de la première partie du projet thèse a donc été la mise en place et l'évaluation d'un modèle alternatif de NP chez le rat. Ainsi un modèle de NP chez le rat Sprague Dawley infecté par la souche murine P. berghei K173 a été caractérisé sur les plans clinique, biologique (paramètres hématologiques et biochimiques),histopathologique et du profil cytokinique (cytokines cérébrales et sériques). La forte similarité des symptômes et des lésions associées au NP du rat Sprague Dawley infecté par P. berghei K173 par rapport au NP humain permet de valider la pertinence de ce modèle pour l'étude de la physiopathologie du NP. L'objectif de la deuxième partie de mon projet de thèse a été d'évaluer les effets pharmacologiques d'un candidat-médicament, l'isoflurane, pour le traitement adjuvant du NP. Ce composé présente l'avantage d'être déjà utilisé chez l'Homme à d'autres fins thérapeutiques et dispose donc d'une autorisation de mise sur le marché. Les résultats obtenus montrent une efficacité nette de l'isoflurane avec une rémission totale des signes de paralysie pour 47.8% des rats traités ainsi qu'un gain de survie des rats NP traités de 2 à 10 jours par rapport aux rats NP non traités. Ce gain de survie des animaux traités pourrait permettre un allongement de la fenêtre du temps de traitement étiologique, améliorant ainsi sensiblement le pronostic du NP. L'isoflurane, dont le mécanisme d'action semble être la réversion de la séquestration des globules parasités, limite les complications neurologiques souvent responsables de séquelles liées au NP. Des études ultérieures permettront d'optimiser ce nouveau protocole de traitement adjuvant du NPCerebral malaria (CM) is the most deadly form of malaria. It is a neurological complication observed only in cases of infection with Plasmodium falciparum that affects mainly children under five years living in Sub-Saharan Africa and non-immune adults including pregnant women and tourists visiting endemic areas. Although clinical signs are well described (prostration, respiratory distress convulsions, coma), the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to CM are still unclear. Their elucidation in vivo is made difficult by the cerebral location and the low availability of autopsy data. Instead of limited access to human tissues, autopsy results have shown that CM results from a strong immune response linked to sequestration of infected red blood cells in the intravascular endothelium. Cerebral malaria management combines an etiological treatment with artemisinin derivatives or quinine and adjunct treatment of the multi-visceral failures, responsible of fatal outcome. P. berghei ANKA-infected mouse is widely used as experimental murine model of CM. However the relevance of this model is still questioned because of the histopathologic differences from the human form. Indeed, CM mice rarely exhibit the red blood cell sequestration that is a major feature of human CM. Furthermore, compared to mouse, the rat displays a closer immune response to human in Schistosoma infection. This PhD research project first aimed to implement and assess an alternative rat model of CM. The clinical, biological, histo-pathological features as well as the cytokine profiling of an experimental model of CM were characterized in Sprague Dawley rats infected with P. berghei strain K173. The strong similarity of the symptoms and lesions observed in this model with those reported in human CM confirms its high relevance. The second objective of this thesis project was to assess the pharmacological effects of a drug-candidate in adjunct treatment of CM. Results demonstrated a strong efficacy of the molecule tested with 47.8% of the treated CM rats showing total remission. Moreover we observed a 2- to 10-day survival gain in the treated CM rats group compared to the non-treated CM rat group. Preliminary data suggest that this drug-candidate may reverse the endothelial sequestration of parasitized red blood cells and so limit the neurological sequels related to CM. It is anticipated that the gain in survival associated with this drug-candidate use will extend the window of the etiological treatment time, thus significantly improving the global prognosis of CM. Further studies are needed to optimize this adjunct CM treatment protocol
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Carraretto, Antonio Roberto [UNESP]. "Estudo da proteção renal com propofol e o isoflurano durante a esquemia e a reperfusão, com hiperglicemia transitória." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106011.
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A hiperglicemia aumenta a lesão renal na isquemiareperfusão em ratos anestesiados com isoflurano (Iso). Este efeito é desconhecido com o uso do propofol (Prop). O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar o efeito do isoflurano (Iso) e do propofol na lesão renal de isquemia-reperfusão na presença de hiperglicemia transitória.Utilizou-se 36 ratos Wistar machos, distribuídos de modo aleatório em seis grupos de seis animais, designados: PHS (Prop + Hiperglicemia - Sham); IHS (Iso + Hiperglicemia - Sham); PHI (Prop + Hiperglicemia + Isquemia); IHI (Iso + Hiperglicemia + Isquemia); PI (Prop + Isquemia) e II (Iso + Isquemia). A anestesia foi mantida com isoflurano (1,5 a 2%) (IHS, IHI e II) ou propofol (1 mg.kg-1.min-1) (PHS, PHI e PI). A pressão arterial média (PAM) foi medida para o controle da anestesia. A hiperglicemia foi induzida com a injeção de 2,5 g.kg-1 de solução de glicose por via intraperitoneal. Todos os animais foram submetidos à nefrectomia direita. Os dois grupos “sham” foram submetidos à hiperglicemia. Os demais grupos foram submetidos à isquemia renal por 25 minutos. Os valores plasmáticos da glicose e da creatinina foram determinados no início (M1), no final do experimento (M2) e 24 horas após o final do experimento (M3), quando os animais retornaram ao laboratório e foram anestesiados com isoflurano para coleta de uma nova amostra sanguínea e nefrectomia esquerda, para análise histológica, com o uso de uma escala para avaliação da necrose tubular (0 a 5 = lesão máxima), e avaliação por citometria de fluxo, para determinação dos percentuais da apoptose inicial (APTi) e de células viáveis (VC). Houve tratamento estatístico para os valores da PAM, glicose e creatinina plasmáticas escore de lesão histológica e avaliação da citometria de fluxo,sendo as diferenças consideradas significantes quando <0,05.A glicemia (mg.dL-1) em M2 foi maior nos grupos...
The hyperglycemia augments the renal ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats anesthetized with isoflurane (Iso). This effect with propofol (Prop) is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of isoflurane and propofol in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) during transient hyperglycemia.Rats were randomly assigned in six groups of six animals, groups: PHS (Prop + Hyperglycemia - Sham); IHS (Iso + Hyperglycemia - Sham); PHI (Prop + Hyperglycemia + Ischemia); IHI (Iso + Hyperglycemia + Ischemia); PI (Prop + Ischemia) and II (Iso + Ischemia). Propofol in a dose of 1 mg.kg-1.min-1 (PHS, PHI and PI) or saline was infused (IHS, IHI and II). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored for anesthesia control. Hyperglycemia was induced with the injection of 2.5 g.kg-1 of glucose solution. All animals underwent to right nephrectomy. The two sham groups underwent to hyperglycemia with ischemia. The others groups were submitted to a left renal ischemia for 25 minutes. Serum creatinine and glucose values were determined in the beginning (M1) and at the end of experiment (M2) and 24 hours after the experiment (M3) rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and blood sample was collected and the left kidney removed for histological analysis, using a scale for tubular necrosis (0-5 = injury maximum). In addition to a histological study, cells from the left kidney were evaluated for apoptosis by flow cytometry (FCM) as a % of initial apoptosis (APTi) and viable cell (VC). Statistical analysis were applied to the values of MAP, serum creatinine and glucose, histological score injury and FCM and statistical differences were considered when p<0.05.Serum glucose at M2 was higher in PHS (351.8±141.0) and IHI (348.3±52.3) in relation to groups PI (147.0±62.4) and II (162.7±40.2). Groups IHS (302.5±80.0) and PHI (308.5±74.5) showedintermediary values. Serum creatinine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Dessen, Marina Regatieri. "Efeitos do citrato de sufentanil, administrado em infusão contínua, na concentração alveolar mínima (CAM) de isofluorano em felinos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86630.
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Orientador: Antonio José Araújo AguiarBanca: Suzane Lilian Beier
Banca: Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna
Resumo: Opioides reduzem a CAM de agentes inalatórios em diversas espécies. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de três doses de sufentanil ,administradas em infusão contínua, na CAMiso em felinos. Oito gatos adultos e castrados (4.0±0.5 kg-1) foram anestesiados com isofluorano em três ocasiões distintas com um intervalo mínimo de sete dias mantidos em ventilação mecânica. A temperatura esofágica foi mantida na faixa de 38.5 a 39.0°C. Uma das três doses de sufentanil (0.01; 0.025 e 0.05 μg kg-1 minuto-1) foi selecionada aleatoriamente e infundida em cada experimento. A CAMiso basal individual, a CAMiso durante a infusões e a CAMiso após uma hora do término da infusão foram determinadas em todos os experimentos. As infusões eram feitas por 60 minutos antes da determinação da CAMISO em cada dose de sufentanil. As determinações da CAMISO foram realizadas de modo duplicado usando estímulo elétrico (50 V, frequência 50, 10 ms) aplicados nos antebraço. FC, PAS, PAM, PAD, EtCO2 e análise hemogasométrica eram registrados antes de cada determinação da CAMiso. Dados (média ± SD) foram analisados por ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey (p<0.05%). Os valores de CAMbasal não diferiram estatisticamente (1.64±0.13; 1.61±0.24 e 1.62±0.31%). As infusões de sufentanil (0.01; 0.025 e 0.05 μg μg kg-1 minuto-1) reduziram significativamente a CAMISO 21.4±10.8; 18.5±10.5 e 18.0±13.7%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de CAMISO durante as infusões.Os valores de CAMISO controle (1.56±0.26; 1.50±0.22 e 1.53±0.26%) foram inferiores da CAMISO basal indicando um possível efeito residual do opioide após a descontinuação da infusão. Os valores de FC e das pressões arteriais aumentaram durante as infusões de sufentanil 0.025 e 0.05 μg kg-1 minuto-1. As três doses de sufentanil infundidas resultaram em graus semelhantes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Opioids reduce the MAC of Inhalants agents in many species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three sufentanil constant rate infusions (CRIs) on the MACISO in cats. Eight adult spayed cats (4.0±0.5 kg-1) were anesthetized with isoflurane under mechanical ventilation on three occasions with a minimum 7-day interval between. Esophageal temperature was maintained within a narrow range (38.5 to 39.0°C). One of three sufentanil CRIs (0.01; 0.025 and 0.05 μg kg-1 minute-1) was randomly selected to be administered on each day of MACISO determinations. On all study days, the individual basal MACISO (MACbasal), the MACISO during one of the infusion rates, and the control one hour post-infusion MAC (MACcontrol) were determined. CRI was continued for 60 minutes before MACISO was determined for each sufentanil dose. The MACISO determinations were performed in duplicate using an electrical stimulus (50V, 50 cycles second-1, 10 ms) applied to the antebrachium. HR, SAP, MAP, DAP, ETCO2, and arterial blood gases were recorded before and after each MACISO determination. Data (mean±SD) were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05%).MACbasal values were not significantly different (1.64±0.13; 1.61±0.24 and 1.62±0.31%). Sufentanil CRIs (0.01; 0.025 and 0.05 μg kg-1 minute-1) significantly reduced MACISO by 21.4±10.8; 18.5±10.5 and 18.0±13.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the MACISO values determined during the CRIs. The MACcontroll values (1.56±0.26; 1.50±0.22 and 1.53±0.26%) were different from MACbasal indicating the possibility of a residual opioid effect after the discontinuation of infusions. HR and blood pressure values increased during infusion of the higher sufentanil CRIs (0.025 and 0.05 μg kg-1 minute-1). The three CRI doses of sufentanil resulted in similar degrees of MACISO reduction in cats, indicating that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Oshiro, Alexandre Hideaki. "Avaliação da variação de pressão de pulso (VPP) frente a diferentes concentrações inaladas de isoflurano, desflurano e sevoflurano: modelo experimental em suínos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-27032013-111704/.
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Introdução: Os anestésicos inalatórios empregados atualmente na prática clinica (isoflurano, sevoflurano e desflurano) possuem propriedades farmacocinéticas que favorecem rápida recuperação da anestesia, porém seu uso pode causar instabilidade hemodinâmica dose-dependente, relacionado à depressão direta da contratilidade miocárdica ou à hipovolemia relativa, derivado de um sequestro de sangue devido à vasodilatação do leito vascular periférico. Este estudo visa avaliar o comportamento da VPP durante a anestesia inalatória. Para tanto se utilizou três diferentes agentes inalatórios (isoflurano, sevoflurano e desflurano) em diferentes concentrações inaladas. Métodos: Foram utilizados 25 suínos divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos. Os animais foram submetidos à anestesia com o anestésico do respectivo grupo. Imediatamente após a determinação da CAM individual do agente inalatório em cada animal, ocorreu a primeira coleta de dados. O animal foi, então, exposto a diferentes níveis de CAM (1,0 CAM; 1,25 CAM) seguido por uma exposição decrescente de CAM (1,0 CAM); provocou-se então uma hemorragia correspondente a 30% da volemia e exposição a dois níveis de CAM (1,0 e 1,25), com 20 minutos em cada exposição. Ao final de cada período os valores ecocardiográficos e do VPP foram mensurados. A análise estatística foi realizada através de provas paramétricas empregando-se o método de comparações múltiplas para análise de variância com medidas repetidas (ANOVA). O grau de significância foi de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Há aumento na variação de pressão de pulso com incremento de 25% na CAM dos anestésicos inalatórios (de 8±1 para 11±3% no grupo DESF, de 7±2 para 9±2 no grupo SEVO e de 9±4 para 10±3% no grupo ISO) sem diferença estatística entre os anestésicos. Apesar deste aumento na CAM e significativa hipotensão e queda no débito cardíaco, o aumento na VPP não torna o paciente responsivo a infusão de fluidos (o VPP permaneceu abaixo de 13%). Há pequena queda na PAM quando se eleva a CAM dos anestésicos em 25%, porém só há queda estatisticamente significativa no grupo DESF (de 84±7 para 68±12 mmHg). Não foram observadas alterações importantes em relação à contratilidade miocárdica. Conclusão: Observou-se que a VPP não é influenciada como o uso dos diferentes anestésicos inalatórios e apesar dos efeitos cardiovasculares esperados destes agentes, mantem-se a capacidade de demonstrar alterações de pré-carga mesmo em concentrações correspondentes a 1,25 CAMBackground: Inhalant anesthetics, such as isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane are widely used in daily clinical practice due to its pharmacological properties allowing a rapid recovery from anesthesia. Nevertheless, its use can lead to dose-dependent hemodynamic instability related to direct depression in myocardial contractility or to a relative hypovolemia caused by vasodilation of peripheral capillary bed. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of PPV during inhalant anesthesia. For this, three different anesthetics were used (isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane) with different inhaled concentrations. Methods: 25 young pigs were randomly assigned into three groups. Animals were anesthetized with its correspondent agent according to its group. After individual determination of minimal alveolar concentration (MAC), first data collection occurred. Pigs were then exposed to different MAC (1MAC and 1,25 MAC) followed by a decrease in MAC (1 MAC). At this point a 30% of estimated volemia hemorrhage was caused and pigs were exposed to a period of 1 MAC and after that 1,25 MAC. Each period lasted 20 minutes. At the end of each period, hemodynamic parameters and echocardiography were collected. Data were submitted to analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA). P<0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was an increase in PPV when with 1,25 MAC of all anesthetics. (from 8±1 to 11±3% in group DESF, from 7±2 to 9±2 in group SEVO and from 9±4 to 10±3% in group ISO), but without statistical difference among groups. Although there was an increase in PPV, followed by hypotension and drop in cardiac index, patients werent fluid responsive with a 25% increase in MAC, since PPV was lower than 13%. The decrease in blood pressure followed by 1,25MAC was only significant in DESF group (from 84±7 to 68±12 mmHg). No important alterations related to myocardial contractility were observed. Conclusion: PPV is not influenced by the use of different inhalant anesthetics and although there are cardiovascular effects of these agents which are expected, and were able to demonstrate alterations in preload even in concentration of 1,25 MAC
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Sams, Lisa Michelle. "The Effect of Morphine-Lidocaine-Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine Co-infusion on Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane in Dogs." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306860828.
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Mariam, Tasnuva. "Burst-suppression events and fast, large-amplitude, sharp waves in the cortical EEG during deep isoflurane coma." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54331.
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Spencer, Elizabeth Mary. "The sedation of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation in the intensive therapy unit : the role of isoflurane." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387127.
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Enderle, Alke Karen. "Clinical evaluation of ketamine and lidocaine intravenous infusions to reduce isoflurane requirements in horses under general anaesthesia /." Bern : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Pottie, Robert George. "A CLINICAL STUDY OF INHALANT ANAESTHESIA IN DOGS." University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/559.
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A clinical trial was undertaken using three different inhalant anaesthetic agents and one intravenous anaesthetic agent in dogs undergoing routine desexing surgery. Healthy adult dogs undergoing either ovariohysterectomy or castration were assessed as to their demeanour, with the more excitable dogs being placed in groups receiving premedication with acepromazine and morphine. All dogs were then randomly assigned an anaesthetic agent for induction of general anaesthesia. The agents were the inhalants halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane, and the intravenous agent propofol. Inhalant inductions were undertaken using a tight fitting mask attached to a standard anaesthetic machine with a rebreathing circuit, with the maximum dose of inhalant available from a standard vaporiser. Propofol inductions were undertaken via intravenous catheter. Dogs induced with propofol were randomly assigned one of the three inhalant agents for maintenance. Those induced by inhalant agent were maintained using the same agent. The surgical procedure was undertaken in standard fashion, as was recovery from anaesthesia. All dogs received the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent meloxicam. Data collection was divided into three stages: induction, maintenance, and recovery from anaesthesia. Variables measured at induction of anaesthesia were time to intubation, number of intubation attempts, tolerance of mask, quality of induction and quality of transfer to the maintenance stage. Standard variables for monitoring of anaesthesia were recorded throughout the maintenance of anaesthesia. Variables measured at recovery were time to righting, time to standing and quality of recovery. The mean time to intubation when using the newer inhalant sevoflurane (196.2 � 14.8sec, mean � SE) was not significantly different to that for halothane (221.4 � 14.0sec) or isoflurane (172.4 � 15.0sec). Time to intubation with isoflurane was significantly faster than with halothane. Mean time to intubation with propofol (85.4 � 7.7sec) was significantly faster than that for any of the three inhalants. Choice of inhalant had no effect on quality of induction. The use of premedication significantly improved the quality of induction. The use of propofol for induction likewise significantly improved the quality of induction. Standard cardiorespiratory variables measured during the maintenance phase of anaesthesia remained within normal clinical ranges for all three inhalants, and were therefore not further analysed. Choice of inhalant agent had no significant effect on the time to righting or standing in recovery. The use of propofol for induction had no effect on these variables. Animals placed in groups receiving premedication had significantly longer times to righting and standing. The oesophageal temperature at the end of the procedure had a significant effect on times to righting and standing, with lower temperatures contributing to slower recoveries. Independent of procedure time, male dogs had shorter times to righting than female dogs.
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Dunningham, Helen. "Modelling lung and tissue gas transfer using a membrane oxygenator circuit : determining the effects of a volatile anaesthetic agent and a haemoglobin substitute on oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide diffusion." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2011. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/211595/.
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A novel in vitro membrane oxygenator circuit was developed to test gas exchange where particular elements could be examined whilst keeping other variables constant. The circuit comprises two membrane oxygenators connected to form a continuous blood circuit resembling venous and arterial blood conditions. The effects of Isoflurane, a volatile anaesthetic, on oxygen transfer were investigated. RBC resistance to nitric oxide diffusion (DNO) was tested in this circuit by haemolysis and addition of the haemoglobin-based-oxygen-carrier (HBOC) Oxyglobin. The circuit was primed with equine blood flowing at 2.5 l/min. The oxygenator was ventilated with 5 l/min air/oxygen/N2 mix providing a range of FiO2. The deoxygenator received 5 l/min 5% CO2 in N2 with 0.2-0.3 l/min CO2. Isoflurane 1%, NO 4000-16000 ppb and CO 0.03% were added to the oxygenator gas. Uptake of O2, CO2, CO and NO were calculated by gas inlet and outlet concentrations and flow rates. Arterial and venous oxygen dissociation curve (aODC and vODC) comparisons were made. Isoflurane uptake by the circuit blood was evident and 1% Isoflurane did not affect oxygen uptake (p=0.981), aODC or vODC (p=0.311 and p=0.751). Haemolysis did not affect O2 or CO2 transfer but increased DNO (p<0.001). 250ml free Hb solution addition to the circuit increased DNO by 91% (p<0.0001). Addition of 250ml Oxyglobin increased DNO by 143% from 7.41±2.77 to 17.97±1.83 ml/min/mmHg. Oxyglobin caused a right shift of aODC and vODC (p<0.0001) but NO-bound Oxyglobin caused a left vODC shift (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Isoflurane administered via a membrane oxygenator does not affect O2 uptake or carriage in the blood. RBC surroundings provide significant resistance to DNO in circuit tests. Significant uptake of NO by Oxyglobin supports the potential of HBOCs to scavenge endothelial NO in vivo, causing vasoconstriction.
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Dunningham, Helen. "Modelling lung and tissue gas transfer using a membrane oxygenator circuit; determining the effects of a volatile anaesthetic agent and a haemoglobin substitute on oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide diffusion." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2011. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/211595/1/Dunningham_Thesis_2011.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A novel in vitro membrane oxygenator circuit was developed to test gas exchange where particular elements could be examined whilst keeping other variables constant. The circuit comprises two membrane oxygenators connected to form a continuous blood circuit resembling venous and arterial blood conditions. The effects of Isoflurane, a volatile anaesthetic, on oxygen transfer were investigated. RBC resistance to nitric oxide diffusion (DNO) was tested in this circuit by haemolysis and addition of the haemoglobin-based-oxygen-carrier (HBOC) Oxyglobin. The circuit was primed with equine blood flowing at 2.5 l/min. The oxygenator was ventilated with 5 l/min air/oxygen/N2 mix providing a range of FiO2. The deoxygenator received 5 l/min 5% CO2 in N2 with 0.2-0.3 l/min CO2. Isoflurane 1%, NO 4000-16000 ppb and CO 0.03% were added to the oxygenator gas. Uptake of O2, CO2, CO and NO were calculated by gas inlet and outlet concentrations and flow rates. Arterial and venous oxygen dissociation curve (aODC and vODC) comparisons were made. Isoflurane uptake by the circuit blood was evident and 1% Isoflurane did not affect oxygen uptake (p=0.981), aODC or vODC (p=0.311 and p=0.751). Haemolysis did not affect O2 or CO2 transfer but increased DNO (p<0.001). 250ml free Hb solution addition to the circuit increased DNO by 91% (p<0.0001). Addition of 250ml Oxyglobin increased DNO by 143% from 7.41±2.77 to 17.97±1.83 ml/min/mmHg. Oxyglobin caused a right shift of aODC and vODC (p<0.0001) but NO-bound Oxyglobin caused a left vODC shift (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Isoflurane administered via a membrane oxygenator does not affect O2 uptake or carriage in the blood. RBC surroundings provide significant resistance to DNO in circuit tests. Significant uptake of NO by Oxyglobin supports the potential of HBOCs to scavenge endothelial NO in vivo, causing vasoconstriction.
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Gatecel, Claire. "Incidence de l'halothane et de l'isoflurane sur les debits sanguins arteriels hepatiques et veineux porte chez l'homme mesures par methode doppler pulse avec microcapteurs implantes : validation de la methode." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M022.
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Pillai, Aditi. "Effects of Body Temperature and General Anesthetics on Intraocular Pressure in Rats." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7351.
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Ocular hypertension has been identified as the fundamental risk factor in glaucoma which is the leading cause for irreversible blindness in the world. Understanding the different factors that affect IOP is of utmost importance in clinical management as IOP is considered as the fundamental factor in assessing the efficiency of glaucoma medications. Several studies have attempted to assess factors that could affect IOP including age, body position, blood pressure, anesthetics commonly used during eye operations, etc. However, in most of these studies IOP is measured under anesthesia using rodent models and these anesthetics could affect the IOP measurements directly or indirectly. The use of tonometry in such experiments also includes certain limitations like acquiring IOP at discrete moments in time, human error while handling the instrument and stress induced spikes in IOP while handling awake animals. This study uses a wireless continuously monitoring device to eliminate these limitations while also acquiring IOP at a higher rate.
Anesthesia induction is known to lower body temperature. However, previous studies on the effects of various anesthetic agents fail to take into account this drop in body temperature which could potentially lead to erroneous results. This thesis focuses on studying the effects of two commonly used anesthetic agents, isoflurane and ketamine while accounting for loss in body temperature. The effects of changing body temperature on intraocular pressure was also studied to help understand the effects of these factors accurately. There was a statistically significant drop (p<0.001) in intraocular pressure post isoflurane induction with no heat support across several animals. The addition of heat support in the next set of experiments resulted in an almost steady pressure throughout the experiment. Since the body temperature was maintained constant throughout the experiment, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) among IOP’s for the awake and anesthetized condition. This conclusion was then confirmed by obtaining a direct effect of changing body temperature on IOP. There was a rise in IOP while the animal was placed on a 42 degree Celsius heating pad and a drop in IOP while the animal was placed on a 20 degree Celsius surface with no heat support. The corresponding changes in body temperature were confirmed using a rectal thermometer. There were no significant changes in the IOP measured by the sensor while measuring pressure with the iCare tonolab. Applanation tonometry however produced an average mean intraocular pressure increase of 2.11 ± 1.62 mmHg.