Journal articles on the topic 'Isoflavones'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Isoflavones.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Isoflavones.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Hernández, Brandón, María del Carmen Cruz, Omar Gómez, Elvia Becerra, Fabiola Eloisa Jiménez, and Aaron Mendieta. "Alpha-glucosidase and Alpha-amylase Inhibitors Derived from Naturally Occurring Prenylated Isoflavones." Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v68i1.2129.
Full textAbstract:
A series of prenylated isoflavones were synthesized to evaluate their inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, analyzing the bioisosteric effect of the linear or cyclized prenyl moiety in these benzopyran derivatives. Compound 5a exhibited higher α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 60.5 µM) and lower α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 85.0 µM) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 527.5 µM for α-glucosidase and 20.1 µM for α-amylase). In contrast, prenylated isoflavone 5c showed higher inhibition in both enzymes (IC50 = 17.6 µM for α-glucosidase and 21.2 µM for α-amylase). This suggests that the attachment of a prenyl moiety to the 7-hydroxy group of isoflavone provides higher inhibition in the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Docking studies of compounds 5a and 5c displayed key interactions towards both enzymes. The type of inhibition for 5c was analyzed, where the results indicate a competitive inhibition of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Finally, ADMET studies support that compounds 5a and 5c are candidates for the design of novel isoflavones derivatives with antidiabetic potential. Resumen. Una serie de isoflavonas preniladas se sintetizaron para evaluar su efecto inhibidor sobre las enzimas α-glucosidasa y α-amilasa, analizando el efecto bioisotérico del fragmento prenilo tipo lineal o ciclado en estos benzopiranos derivados. El compuesto 5a exhibió una inhibición alta de α-glucosidasa (CI50 = 60.5 µM) y una inhibición más baja de α-amilasa (CI50 = 85.0 µM, respectivamente) en comparación con acarbosa (CI50 = 527.5 y 20.1 µM). La isoflavona prenilada 5c mostró mayor inhibición en ambas enzimas (CI50 = 17.7 µM para α-glucosidasa y 21.2 µM para α-amilasa). Esto sugiere que la unión del fragmento prenilo al hidroxilo de la posición 7 de la isoflavona ocasiona una mayor inhibición en las enzimas α-glucosidasa y α-amilasa. Los compuestos 5a y 5c mostraron interacciones clave hacia el sitio activo de ambas enzimas, de acuerdo con los cálculos de acoplamiento. Se analizó el tipo de inhibición para 5c, donde los resultados indican una inhibición competitiva tanto de α-glucosidasa como de α-amilasa. Finalmente, los estudios ADMET respaldan que los compuestos 5a and 5c son candidatos para el diseño de nuevos derivados de isoflavonas con potencial antidiabético.
2
Matsjeh, Sabirin, Chairil Anwar, Eti Nurwening Solikhah, Andi Hairil Alimuddin, and Anggie Sitta Pradhanti. "Synthesis Isoflavones Derivate: 7-Hydroxy-3',4’-Dimethoxyisoflavone, 7,3’,4’-Trimethoxyisoflavone and 7-O-Acetyl-3’,4’-Dimethoxyisoflavone." Materials Science Forum 901 (July 2017): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.901.118.
Full textAbstract:
Some Isoflavones 7-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (2), 7,3',4'-trimethoxyisoflavone (3) and 7-O-acetyl-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (4) have been synthesized through cyclization reaction of deoxybenzoine using a reagent mixture BF3.Et2O , DMF and POCl3. The DMF reagent was added aiming to add one carbon to form isoflavone 1. The deoxybenzoine (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-2', 4'-dihydroxyphenylketone, (1) was synthesized by reacting 3,4-dimethoxy benzyl carboxylic acid and resorcinol through Friedel Craft acylation using a Lewis acid (BF3) as a catalyst. The isoflavones 1 was converted into isoflavone 2 via methylation reaction using dimethylsulfate (DMS) and K2CO3 and conversions into isoflavone3 through acetylation reaction using acetylchloride. The results were analyzed using FTIR, GC-MS and 1H NMR spectrometers. Deoxybenzoine derivatives of 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-2',4'-dihydroxy phenylketone was yielded in 57% with m.p 171-172 °C. The isoflavone 1, 2 and 3 was produced in 58, 52 and 53 % yield, respectively.
3
Song, Sihan, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Dong-Young Noh, So-Youn Jung, Eun Sook Lee, Zisun Kim, Hyun Jo Youn, et al. "Dietary Intake and Plasma Levels of Isoflavones Among Breast Cancer Survivors." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_118.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Isoflavones, rich in soybeans, are phytoestrogens with a similar chemical structure to estrogen and their roles in breast cancer prognosis remains equivocal. We aimed to estimate dietary intake of isoflavones and soy and examine their correlations with plasma levels of isoflavones among Korean breast cancer survivors. Methods A total of 974 female breast cancer survivors (mean age, 52 years) were included in the cross-sectional study. We estimated dietary intake of soy and isoflavones using either a 3-day food record (3DR; n = 645) or a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ; n = 329). Plasma isoflavone levels were measured by liquid chromatography methods in 439 participants. We calculated total isoflavones by summing daidzein, genistein, and glycitein. We estimated % contribution of food sources to dietary isoflavone intake and Pearson correlation coefficients with plasma isoflavone levels. We calculated de-attenuated correlations among those who reported dietary intake using 3DRs to reduce within-person variation (n = 233). Results The mean daily intake of total isoflavones among Korean breast cancer survivors was 21.91 mg/d. The major sources were tofu (% contribution = 30.6%), soybean (14.2%), and soybean sprouts (12.8%). The correlation coefficients with plasma isoflavone levels were 0.19 for dietary isoflavone intake and 0.18 for soy and its products intake. The de-attenuated correlation coefficients with plasma isoflavone levels were 0.25 for dietary isoflavone intake and 0.35 for soy and its products intake. When we examined the correlation between specific type of isoflavone and circulating level of each isoflavone, the de-attenuated correlation coefficients were 0.18 for daidzein, 0.28 for genistein, and 0.25 for glycitein. Conclusions We found the highest contribution from tofu and soybean to dietary isoflavone intake and moderate correlations of dietary intakes of soy and isoflavones with plasma levels of isoflavones among Korean breast cancer survivors. Our study warrants further investigation on the roles of isoflavones in breast cancer prognosis. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT, MSIT) (No. 2019R1F1A1061017).
4
Mantovani, Daniel, Aline Takaoka Alves Baptista, Charleston De Oliveira Bezerra, Driano Rezende, Luis Fernando Cusioli, and Paulo Fernando Soares. "MÉTODO DE VALIDAÇÃO E SEPARAÇÃO DE ISOFLAVONAS PRESENTES EM MELAÇO DE SOJA." e-xacta 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18674/exacta.v11i1.2347.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>As isoflavonas atuam no organismo humano com efeitos fisiológicos de forma benéfica tornando os alimentos que contém isoflavonas em formas funcionais ao organismo. Assim, neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um método de análise por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) bem como, separação e quantificação de isoflavonas presentes no melaço de soja. A validação do método foi baseada pela linearidade, limite de detecção (LD) e limite de quantificação (LQ) com estabelecimentos de critérios de análise para aceitação da metodologia proposta. Os resultados obtidos na separação dos isômeros de isoflavonas bem como a quantificação trouxeram melhorias relacionadas ao tempo de retenção de cada isômero estudado e separação dos compostos. Com relação ao método aplicado ao longo do estudo este apresentou resultados pertinentes para utilização e expansão do método proposto focado nos compostos de isoflavonas formas glicosídicas e agliconas presentes no melaço de soja.</em></p><p> </p><p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>Isoflavones act in the human body with physiological effects in a beneficial way making foods containing isoflavones in functional forms to the body. Thus, in this work a high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis method was developed, as well as, separation and quantification of isoflavones from in soybean molasses. The validation of the method was based on linearity, limit of detection (LD) and limit of quantification (LQ) with establishments of analysis criteria for acceptance of the proposed methodology. The results obtained in the separation of the isoflavone isomers as well as the quantification brought improvements related to the retention time of each studied isomer and separation of the compounds. In relation to the method applied throughout the study, it presented relevant results for the use and expansion of the proposed method focused on the isoflavone compounds glycosidic forms and aglycones from soybean molasses.</em></p>
5
Soukup, Sebastian T., Ann Katrin Engelbert, Bernhard Watzl, Achim Bub, and Sabine E. Kulling. "Microbial Metabolism of the Soy Isoflavones Daidzein and Genistein in Postmenopausal Women: Human Intervention Study Reveals New Metabotypes." Nutrients 15, no. 10 (May 17, 2023): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15102352.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Soy isoflavones belong to the group of phytoestrogens and are associated with beneficial health effects but are also discussed to have adverse effects. Isoflavones are intensively metabolized by the gut microbiota leading to metabolites with altered estrogenic potency. The population is classified into different isoflavone metabotypes based on individual metabolite profiles. So far, this classification was based on the capacity to metabolize daidzein and did not reflect genistein metabolism. We investigated the microbial metabolite profile of isoflavones considering daidzein and genistein. Methods: Isoflavones and metabolites were quantified in the urine of postmenopausal women receiving a soy isoflavone extract for 12 weeks. Based on these data, women were clustered in different isoflavone metabotypes. Further, the estrogenic potency of these metabotypes was estimated. Results: Based on the excreted urinary amounts of isoflavones and metabolites, the metabolite profiles could be calculated, resulting in 5 metabotypes applying a hierarchical cluster analysis. The metabotypes differed in part strongly regarding their metabolite profile and their estimated estrogenic potency.
6
Karki, Krishna Bahadur, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra, Seong-Jin Choi, and Kwang-Hyun Baek. "Effect of Ultraviolet C Irradiation on Isoflavone Concentrations in Different Cultivars of Soybean (Glycine max)." Plants 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2020): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9081043.
Full textAbstract:
Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring plant polyphenolic compounds present in high concentrations in soybean products. Phytoestrogens are divided into three classes: lignans, isoflavones, and coumestans. Nine types of glycoside isoflavones and three types of aglycoside isoflavones are reported in soybean. Soy isoflavones can reduce the risk of a certain type of cancer, cardiovascular problems, osteoporosis, and menopausal symptoms. We irradiated the leaves of five cultivars of soybean with UV-C (260 nm) and determined the effect on concentrations of isoflavone compounds using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Isoflavone concentrations were significantly higher following irradiation, particularly in the cultivar Daepung, which was selected as the best cultivar for high isoflavone induction with UV-C irradiation. Further experimentation with the cultivar Daepung revealed that 20 min UV-C irradiation was the best treatment for the induction of aglycone compounds, and 5 min with the dorsal surface facing the UV-C irradiation source was the best treatment for the induction of glycoside isoflavone compounds.
7
Collison, Mark W. "Determination of Total Soy Isoflavones in Dietary Supplements, Supplement Ingredients, and Soy Foods by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.3.489.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An interlaboratory study was conducted to evaluate a method for determining total soy isoflavones in dietary supplements, dietary supplement ingredients, and soy foods. Isoflavones were extracted using aqueous acetonitrile containing a small amount of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and all 12 of the naturally occuring isoflavones in soy were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection using apigenin as an internal standard. Fifteen samples (6 pairs of blind duplicates plus 3 additional samples) of soy isoflavone ingredients, soy isoflavone dietary supplements, soy flour, and soy protein products were successfully analyzed by 13 collaborating laboratories in 6 countries. For repeatability, the relative standard deviations (RSDr) ranged from 1.07 for samples containing over 400 mg/g total isoflavones to 3.31 for samples containing 0.87 mg/g total isoflavones, and for reproducibility the RSDR values ranged from 2.29 for samples containing over 400 mg/g total isoflavones to 9.36 for samples containing 0.87 mg/g total isoflavones. HorRat values ranged from 1.00 to 1.62 for all samples containing at least 0.8 mg/g total isoflavones. One sample, containing very low total isoflavones (<0.05 mg/g), gave RSDR values of 175 and a HorRat value of 17.6. This sample was deemed to be below the usable range of the method. The method provides accurate and precise results for analysis of soy isoflavones in dietary supplements and soy foods.
8
Ng, Ming-Sin, Yee-Shan Ku, Wai-Shing Yung, Sau-Shan Cheng, Chun-Kuen Man, Liu Yang, Shikui Song, Gyuhwa Chung, and Hon-Ming Lam. "MATE-Type Proteins Are Responsible for Isoflavone Transportation and Accumulation in Soybean Seeds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 12017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222112017.
Full textAbstract:
Soybeans are nutritionally important as human food and animal feed. Apart from the macronutrients such as proteins and oils, soybeans are also high in health-beneficial secondary metabolites and are uniquely enriched in isoflavones among food crops. Isoflavone biosynthesis has been relatively well characterized, but the mechanism of their transportation in soybean cells is largely unknown. Using the yeast model, we showed that GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 promoted the accumulation of isoflavones, mainly in the aglycone forms. Using the tobacco BrightYellow-2 (BY-2) cell model, GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 were found to be localized in the vacuolar membrane. Such subcellular localization supports the notion that GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 function by compartmentalizing isoflavones in the vacuole. Expression analyses showed that GmMATE1 was mainly expressed in the developing soybean pod. Soybean mutants defective in GmMATE1 had significantly reduced total seed isoflavone contents, whereas the overexpression of GmMATE1 in transgenic soybean promoted the accumulation of seed isoflavones. Our results showed that GmMATE1, and possibly also GmMATE2, are bona fide isoflavone transporters that promote the accumulation of isoflavones in soybean seeds.
9
Vergne, Sébastien, Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero, Valérie Lamothe, Philippe Chantre, Mylène Potier, Julien Asselineau, Paul Perez, Marlène Durand, Nicholas Moore, and Patrick Sauvant. "Higher bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of a soya-based supplement than a soya-based food in young healthy males." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 2 (February 2008): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507803953.
Full textAbstract:
Soya isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, are the focus of numerous studies investigating their potential effects on health and results remain controversial. Bioavailability is clearly a crucial factor influencing their bioefficacy and could explain these discrepancies. This study aimed at assessing: (1) the isoflavone content of sixty-nine European soya-derivative products sold on the French market; (2) the bioavailability of isoflavones comparing supplement with food. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited in a randomized two-way crossover trial and received 35 mg isoflavones equivalent aglycone either through supplements or through cheese, both containing different patterns of isoflavone conjugates and different daidzein:genistein ratios. A specific ELISA method was used to assess the plasma and urinary concentrations of isoflavones and thus the pharmacokinetic parameters, which were then normalized to mg of each isoflavone ingested. Results showed that the normalized Cmax of daidzein (P = 0·002) and similarly the normalized AUC0 → ∞andCmaxof genistein (P = 0·002) from soya-based capsules were higher than that from soya-based cheese. In conclusion, this work completes studies on isoflavone bioavailability and presents new data regarding isoflavone concentrations in soya-derivative products. Assuming that isoflavone conjugation patterns do not influence isoflavone bioavailability, this study shows that isoflavones contained in capsules are more bioavailable than those contained in soya-based cheese. Although the supplement is more bioavailable, the relative importance of this is difficult to interpret as there is little evidence that supplements are biologically active in human subjects to date and further studies will be necessary for this specific supplement to prove its efficacy.
10
Vafeiadou, Katerina, Wendy L. Hall, and Christine M. Williams. "Does genotype and equol-production status affect response to isoflavones? Data from a pan-European study on the effects of isoflavones on cardiovascular risk markers in post-menopausal women." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65, no. 1 (February 2006): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2005483.
Full textAbstract:
The increase in CVD incidence following the menopause is associated with oestrogen loss. Dietary isoflavones are thought to be cardioprotective via their oestrogenic and oestrogen receptor-independent effects, but evidence to support this role is scarce. Individual variation in response to diet may be considerable and can obscure potential beneficial effects in a sample population; in particular, the response to isoflavone treatment may vary according to genotype and equol-production status. The effects of isoflavone supplementation (50 mg/d) on a range of established and novel biomarkers of CVD, including markers of lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers, have been investigated in a placebo-controlled 2×8-week randomised cross-over study in 117 healthy post-menopausal women. Responsiveness to isoflavone supplementation according to (1) single nucleotide polymorphisms in a range of key CVD genes, including oestrogen receptor (ER) α and β and (2) equol-production status has been examined. Isoflavones supplementation was found to have no effect on markers of lipids and glucose metabolism. Isoflavones improve C-reactive protein concentrations but do not affect other plasma inflammatory markers. There are no differences in response to isoflavones according to equol-production status. However, differences in HDL-cholesterol and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 response to isoflavones v. placebo are evident with specific ERβ genotypes. In conclusion, isoflavones have beneficial effects on C-reactive protein, but not other cardiovascular risk markers. However, specific ERβ gene polymorphic subgroups may benefit from isoflavone supplementation.
11
Bensaada, Souad, Isabelle Raymond, Malena Breton, Isabelle Pellegrin, Jean-François Viallard, and Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero. "Development of an Assay for Soy Isoflavones in Women’s Hair." Nutrients 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 3619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173619.
Full textAbstract:
Soy isoflavones, at adequate dosages, have estrogenic and anti-thyroidal effects in animals and humans, which can either be beneficial or adverse, depending on the consumer’s physiological status. Hence, this study presents an assay of soy isoflavones in hair, aiming to give new information about a person’s exposure to isoflavones, when health issues related to estrogenic or thyroidal effects are observed. Aqueous or organic extraction procedures following acidic, basic, or enzymatic digestions were tested on 60 hair samples (from volunteers) from a hairdresser, and a clinical trial 2017T2-29. The acidic digestion method was the most efficient regarding isoflavones. A specific inquiry was developed to assess the dietary habits of French consumers based on the analysis of 12,707 food labels from France. It was used to check for the reliability of the new assay method. A score for the consumer exposures to isoflavones was built considering, among other parameters, soy-based diets and foodstuff containing soy as an ingredient, i.e., “hidden-soy”. The correlation between this score and isoflavone measurements in hair reached 0.947; p < 0.001. Therefore, providing that relevant data are considered to assess isoflavone exposure, hair that smoothens daily isoflavone intake variations, is a relevant tissue to assess human isoflavone exposure for subsequent health analyses.
12
Izaguirre, Jon Kepa, Leire Barañano, Sonia Castañón, Itziar Alkorta, Luis M. Quirós, and Carlos Garbisu. "Optimization of the Bioactivation of Isoflavones in Soymilk by Lactic Acid Bacteria." Processes 9, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060963.
Full textAbstract:
Soybeans and soy-based products contain isoflavones which can be used for nutraceutical and medical applications. In soybeans and in unfermented soy foods, isoflavones are normally present as glycosides. Isoflavone glycosides can be enzymatically converted to isoflavone aglycones, thus releasing the sugar molecule. The effective absorption of isoflavones in humans requires the bioconversion of isoflavone glycosides to isoflavone aglycones through the activity of the enzyme β-glucosidase. The objective was to assess the capacity of 42 bacterial strains (belonging to Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus) to produce β-glucosidase activity. The strain that showed the highest β-glucosidase activity (Lactobacillus plantarum 128/2) was then used for the optimization of the bioconversion of genistin and daidzin present in commercial soymilk to their aglycone forms genistein and daidzein. The contribution of process parameters (temperature, inoculum size, time) to the efficiency of such bioactivation was tested. Lactobacillus plantarum 128/2 was able to completely bioactivate soymilk isoflavones under the following conditions: 25 °C temperature, 2% inoculum size and 48 h process time. These results confirm the suitability of lactic acid bacteria for the bioactivation of isoflavones present in soymilk and provide an interesting candidate (L. plantarum 182/2) for food industries to perform this transformation.
13
Sekikawa, Akira, Whitney Wharton, Brittany Butts, Cole V. Veliky, Joshua Garfein, Jiatong Li, Shatabdi Goon, Annamaria Fort, Mengyi Li, and Timothy M. Hughes. "Potential Protective Mechanisms of S-equol, a Metabolite of Soy Isoflavone by the Gut Microbiome, on Cognitive Decline and Dementia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 11921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911921.
Full textAbstract:
S-equol, a metabolite of soy isoflavone daidzein transformed by the gut microbiome, is the most biologically potent among all soy isoflavones and their metabolites. Soy isoflavones are phytoestrogens and exert their actions through estrogen receptor-β. Epidemiological studies in East Asia, where soy isoflavones are regularly consumed, show that dietary isoflavone intake is inversely associated with cognitive decline and dementia; however, randomized controlled trials of soy isoflavones in Western countries did not generally show their cognitive benefit. The discrepant results may be attributed to S-equol production capability; after consuming soy isoflavones, 40–70% of East Asians produce S-equol, whereas 20–30% of Westerners do. Recent observational and clinical studies in Japan show that S-equol but not soy isoflavones is inversely associated with multiple vascular pathologies, contributing to cognitive impairment and dementia, including arterial stiffness and white matter lesion volume. S-equol has better permeability to the blood–brain barrier than soy isoflavones, although their affinity to estrogen receptor-β is similar. S-equol is also the most potent antioxidant among all known soy isoflavones. Although S-equol is available as a dietary supplement, no long-term trials in humans have examined the effect of S-equol supplementation on arterial stiffness, cerebrovascular disease, cognitive decline, or dementia.
14
Carrão-Panizzi, Mercedes C., Silvana Pedroso de Goés Favoni, and Akio Kikuchi. "Extraction time for soybean isoflavone determination." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, no. 4 (December 2002): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000600015.
Full textAbstract:
Studies were carried out on the optimization of the extraction procedures for isoflavones determination in soybean by HPLC. Isoflavones were extracted from 100 mg samples of full fat soybean flour "Kinako" (milled toasted grains). Recovery of average total isoflavones was higher when extraction was performed with agitation(217.2 mg/100g), than without agitation(191.0 mg/100g). Isoflavone extraction without agitation for 1,4, 20 and 24 hours, were equally efficient for total and individual compounds. These results suggested that an efficient isoflavone recovery could be achieved with extraction for one hour with agitation.
15
Patel, Rakesh P., and Stephen Barnes. "Isoflavones and PPAR Signaling: A Critical Target in Cardiovascular, Metastatic, and Metabolic Disease." PPAR Research 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/153252.
Full textAbstract:
Isoflavone intake through foods and dietary supplements has both health advocates and critics. The latter come from a concern about the estrogenic effects of isoflavones in certain species. However, careful removal of isoflavones and other estrogens from the diet of rodents leads to the metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that isoflavones have other mechanisms of action, potentially those involving regulation of fatty acid metabolism via the nuclear receptors PPARαand PPARγ. The goal of this paper was to examine the evidence for isoflavone/PPAR signaling and to identify diseases in which such signaling would have an important impact. It is therefore of note that investigators using a chemical structure approach to discover PPAR ligands identified isoflavones as the best structures in the library of compounds that they tested. Future studies will involve careful identification of the underlying mechanisms whereby isoflavones have their action via PPAR signaling.
16
Chen, Li-Ru, Nai-Yu Ko, and Kuo-Hu Chen. "Isoflavone Supplements for Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2019): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112649.
Full textAbstract:
Isoflavones have gained popularity as an alternative treatment for menopausal symptoms for people who cannot or are unwilling to take hormone replacement therapy. However, there is still no consensus on the effects of isoflavones despite over two decades of vigorous research. This systematic review aims to summarize the current literature on isoflavone supplements, focusing on the active ingredients daidzein, genistein, and S-equol, and provide a framework to guide future research. We performed a literature search in Ovid Medline using the search terms “isoflavone” and “menopause”, which yielded 95 abstracts and 68 full-text articles. We found that isoflavones reduce hot flashes even accounting for placebo effect, attenuate lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) loss, show beneficial effects on systolic blood pressure during early menopause, and improve glycemic control in vitro. There are currently no conclusive benefits of isoflavones on urogenital symptoms and cognition. Due to the lack of standardized research protocols including isoflavone component and dosage, outcomes, and trial duration, it is difficult to reach a conclusion at this point in time. Despite these limitations, the evidence thus far favors the use of isoflavones due to their safety profile and benefit to overall health.
17
Chen, Li-Ru, and Kuo-Hu Chen. "Utilization of Isoflavones in Soybeans for Women with Menopausal Syndrome: An Overview." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063212.
Full textAbstract:
Based on their nutrient composition, soybeans and related foods have been considered to be nutritious and healthy for humans. Particularly, the biological activity and subsequent benefits of soy products may be associated with the presence of isoflavone in soybeans. As an alternative treatment for menopause-related symptoms, isoflavone has gained much popularity for postmenopausal women who have concerns related to undergoing hormone replacement therapy. However, current research has still not reached a consensus on the effects of isoflavone on humans. This overview is a summary of the current literature about the processing of soybeans and isoflavone types (daidzein, genistein, and S-equol) and supplements and their extraction and analysis as well as information about the utilization of isoflavones in soybeans. The processes of preparation (cleaning, drying, crushing and dehulling) and extraction of soybeans are implemented to produce refined soy oil, soy lecithin, free fatty acids, glycerol and soybean meal. The remaining components consist of inorganic constituents (minerals) and the minor components of biologically interesting small molecules. Regarding the preventive effects on diseases or cancers, a higher intake of isoflavones is associated with a moderately lower risk of developing coronary heart disease. It may also reduce the risks of breast and colorectal cancer as well as the incidence of breast cancer recurrence. Consumption of isoflavones or soy foods is associated with reduced risks of endometrial and bladder cancer. Regarding the therapeutic effects on menopausal syndrome or other diseases, isoflavones have been found to alleviate vasomotor syndromes even after considering placebo effects, reduce bone loss in the spine and ameliorate hypertension and in vitro glycemic control. They may also alleviate depressive symptoms during pregnancy. On the other hand, isoflavones have not shown definitive effects regarding improving cognition and urogenital symptoms. Because of lacking standardization in the study designs, such as the ingredients and doses of isoflavones and the durations and outcomes of trials, it currently remains difficult to draw overall conclusions for all aspects of isoflavones. These limitations warrant further investigations of isoflavone use for women’s health.
18
Ariyani, Winda, Izuki Amano, and Noriyuki Koibuchi. "Isoflavones Mediate Dendritogenesis Mainly through Estrogen Receptor α." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 9011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24109011.
Full textAbstract:
The nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) and G-protein-coupled ER (GPER1) play a crucial role during brain development and are involved in dendrite and spine growth as well as synapse formation. Soybean isoflavones, such as genistein, daidzein, and S-equol, a daidzein metabolite, exert their action through ER and GPER1. However, the mechanisms of action of isoflavones on brain development, particularly during dendritogenesis and neuritogenesis, have not yet been extensively studied. We evaluated the effects of isoflavones using mouse primary cerebellar culture, astrocyte-enriched culture, Neuro-2A clonal cells, and co-culture with neurons and astrocytes. Soybean isoflavone-augmented estradiol mediated dendrite arborization in Purkinje cells. Such augmentation was suppressed by co-exposure with ICI 182,780, an antagonist for ERs, or G15, a selective GPER1 antagonist. The knockdown of nuclear ERs or GPER1 also significantly reduced the arborization of dendrites. Particularly, the knockdown of ERα showed the greatest effect. To further examine the specific molecular mechanism, we used Neuro-2A clonal cells. Isoflavones also induced neurite outgrowth of Neuro-2A cells. The knockdown of ERα most strongly reduced isoflavone-induced neurite outgrowth compared with ERβ or GPER1 knockdown. The knockdown of ERα also reduced the mRNA levels of ER-responsive genes (i.e., Bdnf, Camk2b, Rbfox3, Tubb3, Syn1, Dlg4, and Syp). Furthermore, isoflavones increased ERα levels, but not ERβ or GPER1 levels, in Neuro-2A cells. The co-culture study of Neuro-2A cells and astrocytes also showed an increase in isoflavone-induced neurite growth, and co-exposure with ICI 182,780 or G15 significantly reduced the effects. In addition, isoflavones increased astrocyte proliferation via ER and GPER1. These results indicate that ERα plays an essential role in isoflavone-induced neuritogenesis. However, GPER1 signaling is also necessary for astrocyte proliferation and astrocyte–neuron communication, which may lead to isoflavone-induced neuritogenesis.
19
Malik, A., E. Suprijatna, V. D. Yunianto, L. D. Mahfudz, and N. Suthama. "Egg quality and isoflavone deposition due to dietary inclusion of isoflavone soy sauce by-product (ISSBP) in laying hens." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 44, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.44.2.187-194.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality and deposition of isoflavones in the egg due to dietary inclusion of isoflavone soy sauce by-product (ISSBP) in laying hens. Experimental animals were 480 birds of 20-week old laying hens of Isa Brown strain, with initial body weight of 1,754 ± 42 g. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments and six replications (20 birds each). The treatments were dietary inclusion levels of isoflavone soy sauce by-product as follows: ISSBP0 = without isoflavones, ISSBP40 = 40 mg/100g, ISSBP80 = 80 mg/100g, and ISSBP120 = 120 mg/100 g feed. Dietary treatments were given for 10 weeks from week 20 until 30-week old. Parameters observed were egg cholesterol and isoflavone isomers in feed, blood, and eggs. Data of total cholesterol and isoflavone in the egg were statistically analysed and isoflavone isomer concentration in feed, blood, and egg were descriptively described. The results showed that feeding ISSBP significantly (P <0.05) decreased cholesterol and increased isoflavones in egg. Total cholesterol content in egg decreased up to 33.8%. However, isoflavones in the yolk were higher (28.9 mg/g) than those in blood (13.75 mg/g), and those deposited into the yolks indicated better quality because containing more aglicons isomers (87.5%), than those in feed (52%) and blood (68.4%). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of ISSBP to laying hens’s decreased cholesterol content and increased isoflavones deposition into the egg with better quality, so that the eggs can function as functional food.
20
Bensaada, Souad, Gabriele Peruzzi, Laurent Cubizolles, Muriel Denayrolles, and Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero. "Traditional and Domestic Cooking Dramatically Reduce Estrogenic Isoflavones in Soy Foods." Foods 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2024): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13070999.
Full textAbstract:
Soybean is a pulse which has considerable nutritional value due to its high protein, fibers and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents. It also contains phytoestrogenic compounds that definitely hinder its recommendation for general consumption. Contrary to ancient times, when soybeans were boiled, modern commercial soy foods can contain up to 150 mg/100g of estrogenic isoflavones. Interestingly, current estimations of isoflavone intake in the literature do not distinguish between the origins of soy food, i.e., whether it is homemade or commercial. As a result, the isoflavone exposure in Asian countries may well be overestimated. This study aims to demonstrate, based on step-by-step monitoring of isoflavones, that traditional and domestic treatments, leveraging isoflavones water-solubility, can indeed significantly reduce their content in soy foods. Indeed, when compared to commercial foods, the isoflavone content was found to be 20, 2.6, 4.5 and 9.8 times lower in “homemade” soy juice, tofu, tempeh and miso, respectively. Additionally, water soaking was found to reduce the isoflavones levels in soy-textured proteins by more than 70%. Hence, this simple process has the potential to help drastically reduce overall xenoestrogens exposure. This study could serve as a basis for establishing the isoflavones Reference Dose and issuing food safety guidelines.
21
Mezei, Orsolya, Yilan Li, Eimear Mullen, Jennifer S. Ross-Viola, and Neil F. Shay. "Dietary isoflavone supplementation modulates lipid metabolism via PPARα-dependent and -independent mechanisms." Physiological Genomics 26, no. 1 (June 2006): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00155.2005.
Full textAbstract:
Intake of soy protein has been associated with improvements in lipid metabolism, with much attention being focused on the serum cholesterol-lowering property of soy. The component or components of soy that are responsible for improvements in lipid metabolism have been investigated and their specific actions debated. One component, the isoflavones, has been shown to have weak estrogenic activity, and recently, several research groups have suggested that isoflavones are activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The three different isoforms of PPARs (α, γ, and δ) have overlapping tissue distributions and functions associated with lipid metabolism. The goal of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that the effect of isoflavones is mediated through the PPARα receptor. Male and female 129/Sv mice were obtained, including both wild-type and genetically altered PPARα knockout mice. Groups of mice were fed high-fat atherogenic diets containing soy protein +/- isoflavones and PPARα agonist fenofibrate for 6 wk. At the end of 6 wk, serum and tissue lipid levels were measured along with hepatic gene expression. Most notably, serum triglycerides were reduced by isoflavone consumption. Compared with intake of a low-isoflavone basal diet, isoflavone intake reduced serum triglyceride levels by 36 and 52% in female and male wild-type mice, respectively, compared with 55 and 52% in fenofibrate-treated mice. Isoflavones also improved serum triglyceride levels in knockout mice, whereas fenofibrate did not, suggesting that two different regulatory mechanisms may be affected by isoflavone intake. Isoflavone intake resembled action of fenofibrate on PPARα-regulated gene expression, although less robustly compared with fenofibrate. We suggest that, at the levels consumed in this study, isoflavone intake is altering lipid metabolism in a manner consistent with activation of PPARα and also via a PPARα-independent mechanism as well.
22
Delmonte, Pierluigi, and Jeanne I. Rader. "Analysis of Isoflavones in Foods and Dietary Supplements." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 1138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.4.1138.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Isoflavones are phytochemicals found in many plants. Because of their structural similarity to -estradiol, health benefits of isoflavones have been evaluated in age-related and hormone-dependent diseases. Daidzein, genistein, and glycitein are present as free forms or derivatives in foods containing soy or soy protein extracts. The analysis of isoflavones has become more complex, because preparations contain isoflavones from multiple sources (e.g., red clover, kudzu). Red clover contains primarily formononetin and biochanin A, while kudzu extracts, which are becoming increasingly common in dietary supplements, contain puerarin and daidzein, among other components. Isoflavones are present in foods and dietary supplements as free compounds, glucoside derivatives, 6-O-malonyl-7-O--d-glucoside derivatives, and 6-O-acetyl-7-O--d-glucoside derivatives. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/tandem mass spectrometry has been applied to the identification of isoflavone derivatives based on the fragmentation pattern of the parent ion, providing high selectivity and sensitivity in the quantitation of isoflavones in complex mixtures. HPLC with ultraviolet detection is often chosen for routine analysis, but a preliminary acid or basic hydrolysis of isoflavone derivatives is often required for the investigation of samples containing extracts from multiple sources. Several internal standards have been used in the analysis of isoflavones from a single botanical source (e.g., soy, red clover), but the identification of a general internal standard remains a challenging process.
23
Barnes, Stephen. "Phyto-oestrogens and osteoporosis: what is a safe dose?" British Journal of Nutrition 89, S1 (June 2003): S101—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002800.
Full textAbstract:
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for preventing loss of bone following the menopause is utilised by only 8–10% of possible users, largely due to a fear of increased risk of breast cancer. Plant oestrogen-like compounds (phyto-oestrogens) have been proposed as an alternative to HRT to prevent osteoporosis. One class of phyto-oestrogens (the isoflavones) is found in soya foods and red clover. The food industry is developing a wide variety of new foods containing soya to substantially increase isoflavone intake, as well as extracting isoflavones from soya and clover to use as additives to non-soya foods. Pharmaceutical companies are also preparing isoflavone extracts to be used in pill form. In each case the targeted delivery is ˜50mg of isoflavones/d. Is this dose of isoflavones safe? In this review of the current literature, it is concluded that isoflavones consumed orally and in doses below 2mg/kg body weight per d should be considered safe for most population groups. Whether these doses are sufficient to prevent osteoporosis is a separate matter.
24
Rehan Haider. "Skeletal Effects of Soy Isoflavone in Humans: Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers." International Journal of Integrative Sciences 2, no. 11 (November 30, 2023): 1639–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v2i11.6179.
Full textAbstract:
The potential skeletal effects of soy isoflavones in humans have garnered significant interest owing to their structural resemblance to endogenous estrogen and their potential to impact bone health. This abstract provides a concise overview of the current understanding of the effects of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between soy isoflavone consumption and BMD. Some studies have suggested a positive association between soy isoflavone intake and BMD, particularly among postmenopausal women. Isoflavones may exert their effects through estrogen receptor-mediated pathways, potentially mitigating bone loss by reducing osteoclastic activity and promoting osteoblastic functions. However, conflicting results have been reported, with certain studies demonstrating no significant impact on BMD. In addition to BMD, bone markers such as serum osteocalcin, urinary deoxypyridinoline, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase have been evaluated to elucidate the mechanistic effects of soy isoflavones on bone metabolism. These markers provide insights into bone turnover, resorption, and formation. Clinical trials have reported mixed findings regarding the influence of soy isoflavones on bone markers, reflecting the complexity of their interaction with bone physiology
25
Khan, Tajdar Husain, Lakshmi Prasad, Anuradha Sultana, and Sarwat Sultana. "Soy isoflavones inhibits the genotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in Swiss albino mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 24, no. 3 (March 2005): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327105ht504oa.
Full textAbstract:
Dietary factors are considered important environmental risk determinants for various diseases. Isoflavones are one of the biologically active polyphenolic plant constituents that possess potential chemopreventive properties against a wide variety of chronic diseases. In the present study we have evaluated the antimutagenic potential of soy isoflavones against benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) (125 mg/ kg) induced genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The effect of soy isoflavones was studied by in vivo bone marrow chromosomal aberration and micronuclei induction test. Using an alkaline unwinding assay we monitored the DNA strand breaks. Two doses of soy isoflavones (20 and 40 mg/kg b.wt) were given orally for seven days prior to the administration of B[a]P. Soy isoflavone inhibited the genotoxicity of B[a]P in terms of chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation. DNA strand break levels in only B[a]P treated group remained significantly high f the control values (P <0.001). The pretreatment of soy isoflavone showed gradual reduction in strand breaks significantly (P <0.001) and dose dependently. Soy isoflavone pretreatment also decreased cytochrome P450 (CYP) content. The activity of CYP was also decreased dose dependently by pretreatment with soy isoflavone. The chemopreventive effect of soy isoflavone on the inhibition of CYP activity and DNA integrity mediate the possible mechanism of inhibition of genotoxicity.
26
Fujitani, Mina, Takafumi Mizushige, Sudhashree Adhikari, Keshab Bhattarai, and Taro Kishida. "Mechanism of Soy Isoflavone Daidzein-Induced Female-Specific Anorectic Effect." Metabolites 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12030252.
Full textAbstract:
Epidemiological studies suggest that regular intake of soy isoflavone exerts a preventive effect on postmenopausal obesity and other forms of dysmetabolism. Estrogens inhibit eating behavior. Soy isoflavones may act as estrogen agonist in estrogen-depleted conditions, whereas they may either act as an estrogen antagonist or be ineffective in estrogen-repleted conditions. We investigated the effects of dietary soy isoflavone on food intake under various estrogen conditions using male, ovariectomized (OVX), and non-OVX female rats, and compared the effects with those of estradiol. We found that soy isoflavones reduced food intake in females specifically, regardless of whether ovariectomy had been performed, whereas subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellet did not reduce food intake in intact female rats, but did so in OVX female and male rats. Contrary to this hypothesis, the reduction in food intake may not be caused by the estrogenic properties of soy isoflavones. It is of great interest to understand the mechanisms underlying the anorectic effects of soy isoflavones. In this non-systematic review, we summarize our recent studies that have investigated the bioactive substances of anorectic action, pharmacokinetic properties of soy isoflavones, and the modification of central and peripheral signals regulating appetite by soy isoflavones, and selected studies that were identified via database mining.
27
Langa, Susana, Ángela Peirotén, José Antonio Curiel, Ana Ruiz de la Bastida, and José María Landete. "Isoflavone Metabolism by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Its Application in the Development of Fermented Soy Food with Beneficial Effects on Human Health." Foods 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2023): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061293.
Full textAbstract:
Isoflavones are phenolic compounds (considered as phytoestrogens) with estrogenic and antioxidant function, which are highly beneficial for human health, especially in the aged population. However, isoflavones in foods are not bioavailable and, therefore, have low biological activity. Additionally, their transformation into bioactive compounds by microorganisms is necessary to obtain bioavailable isoflavones with beneficial effects on human health. Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can transform the methylated and glycosylated forms of isoflavones naturally present in foods into more bioavailable aglycones, such as daidzein, genistein and glycitein. In addition, certain LAB strains are capable of transforming isoflavone aglycones into compounds with a greater biological activity, such as dihydrodaidzein (DHD), O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA), dihydrogenistein (DHG) and 6-hydroxy-O-desmethylangolensin (6-OH-O-DMA). Moreover, Lactococcus garviae 20-92 is able to produce equol. Another strategy in the bioconversion of isoflavones is the heterologous expression of genes from Slackia isoflavoniconvertens DSM22006, which have allowed the production of DHD, DHG, equol and 5-hydroxy-equol in high concentrations by engineered LAB strains. Accordingly, the consequences of isoflavone metabolism by LAB and its application in the development of foods enriched in bioactive isoflavones, as well as health benefits attributed to their consumption, will be addressed in this work.
28
Ahn-Jarvis, Jennifer H., Daniel Sosh, Erin Lombardo, Gregory B. Lesinski, Darwin L. Conwell, Phil A. Hart, and Yael Vodovotz. "Short-Term Soy Bread Intervention Leads to a Dose-Response Increase in Urinary Isoflavone Metabolites and Satiety in Chronic Pancreatitis." Foods 12, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091762.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) are particularly vulnerable to nutrient malabsorption and undernutrition caused by the underlying pathology of their disease. Dietary intervention trials involving soy isoflavones in patients with CP are limited and isoflavone metabolites have not yet been reported. We hypothesized soy bread containing plant-based protein, dietary fiber, and isoflavones would be well-tolerated and restore gut functional capacity which would lead to isoflavone metabolites profiles like those of healthy populations. Participants (n = 9) received 1 week of soy bread in a dose-escalation design (1 to 3 slices/day) or a 4-week maximally tolerated dose (n = 1). Dietary adherence, satiety, and palatability were measured. Isoflavone metabolites from 24 h urine collections were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. A maximum dose of three slices (99 mg of isoflavones) of soy bread per day was achieved. Short-term exposure to soy bread showed a significant dose-response increase (p = 0.007) of total isoflavones and their metabolites in urine. With increasing slices of soy bread, dietary animal protein intake (p = 0.009) and perceived thirst (p < 0.001) significantly decreased with prolonged satiety (p < 0.001). In this study, adherence to short-term intervention with soy bread in CP patients was excellent. Soy isoflavones were reliably delivered. These findings provide the foundation for evaluating a well-characterized soy bread in supporting healthy nutrition and gut function in CP.
29
Vien, DO Thi Hoa. "RESEARCH ON EXTRACTION OF ISOFLAVONES FROM SOYBEAN GERM." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 4A (October 19, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/4a/13116.
Full textAbstract:
Isoflavones in soybean including genistein, daidzein, glycitein and their acetyl and malonyl derivatives that have week estrogenic activity, so they are called phytoestrogen. There are many of papers publishing the research results about isoflavones from soybean seed and soybean sprout. They can balance estrogenic hormone and support woman to prevent menopause symptoms. Therefore, they have other precious biological activities such as anti - cancer, anti – oxidant and anti - osteomalacia. On the market, we can find many of functional foods of isoflavones from soybean seed and soybean sprout. Soybean germ is the part of soybean seed contains highest isoflavones, and the isoflavones content in soybean germ higher than that in the whole soybean seed about 5 times. In this paper, the total isoflavones were extracted from soybean germ. Five of influent factors on the isoflavone extraction are solvent concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction pH and the material/solvent ratio were optimized. The content of isoflavones in soybean germ material is from 1.8 to 2 percent. After extraction with optimized conditions, we obtain the total crude isoflavones extract that contains 3.8% of isoflavones.
30
Křížová, Ludmila, Kateřina Dadáková, Jitka Kašparovská, and Tomáš Kašparovský. "Isoflavones." Molecules 24, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061076.
Full textAbstract:
Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring nonsteroidal phenolic plant compounds that, due to their molecular structure and size, resemble vertebrate steroids estrogens. This review is focused on plant flavonoids isoflavones, which are ranked among the most estrogenic compounds. The main dietary sources of isoflavones for humans are soybean and soybean products, which contain mainly daidzein and genistein. When they are consumed, they exert estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effects. Isoflavones are considered chemoprotective and can be used as an alternative therapy for a wide range of hormonal disorders, including several cancer types, namely breast cancer and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, or menopausal symptoms. On the other hand, isoflavones may also be considered endocrine disruptors with possible negative influences on the state of health in a certain part of the population or on the environment. This review deals with isoflavone classification, structure, and occurrence, with their metabolism, biological, and health effects in humans and animals, and with their utilization and potential risks.
31
Carrão-Panizzi, Mercedes Concórdia, Mark Berhow, José Marcos Gontijo Mandarino, and Maria Cristina Neves de Oliveira. "Environmental and genetic variation of isoflavone content of soybean seeds grown in Brazil." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 11 (November 2009): 1444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009001100011.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this work was to evaluate isoflavone concentrations in seeds of different Brazilian soybean cultivars grown in a range of locations and environmental conditions in Brazil. Seeds of 233 cultivars grown in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, during the 2001/2002 soybean season, and of 22 cultivars sown in different locations of Brazilian Northeast, Southeast on South regions were analyzed for total isoflavones, including daidzin, glycitin, genistin and acetylgenistin. The total isoflavones ranged from 12 mg 100 g-1 (cv. Embrapa 48) to 461 mg 100 g-1 (cv. CS 305) among the 233 cultivars grown in Ponta Grossa, and the differences among them are due to genetic effects since all cultivars were grown and collected at the same locatation and year. This is an indication of the possibility of breeding for isoflavone content. Differences in isoflavone content observed in the cultivars grown in different locations permit the selection of locations for optimum isoflavone content (low or high), depending on the uses of soybean. In the Northeast region (5-8°S), higher concentrations of total isoflavones were observed at São Raimundo das Mangabeiras (232 mg 100 g-1) and Tasso Fragoso (284 mg 100 g-1) municipalities, and in the South (23-30°S), isoflavones were higher in Guarapuava, Canoinhas, Vacaria and Campos Novos municipalities, ranging from 130 to 409 mg 100 g-1.
32
Cooke, Gerard M. "AReview of the Animal Models Used to Investigate the Health Benefits of Soy Isoflavones." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 1215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.4.1215.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This review considers the recent literature in which animal models were used to investigate the purported health benefits of soy isoflavones. The main conclusions are that our animal models demonstrate minimal effects in breast, prostate, and colon cancer prevention, and that, while some cancers may respond to isoflavones, it would appear that isoflavones do not prevent further development once cancer has become established. Regarding cardiovascular health, the lipid-lowering effects of isoflavones have been established, but their efficacy may be less than original research purported. However, it may be considered a bonus of habitual soy consumption that blood cholesterol levels would be reduced somewhat. With respect to osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms, animal models do not show any consistent benefit of isoflavones in preventing osteoporosis, and calcium fortification or the use of prescribed medications are likely much better approaches to combat bone loss. However, our animal models of osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms may not be entirely representative of the human situation. Perhaps the benefit of isoflavones in cognitive skills and in delaying Alzheimer's disease is an area where they can be of some advantage. However, this field is very recent and requires much more research in both humans and animal models before any definitive benefit can be propounded. On the other hand, isoflavones in moderation are probably not dangerous, as few studies have indicated adverse effects. However, large doses have been shown to increase apoptosis and cell degeneration, and in some cancer regimes, once the cancer has progressed beyond the hormone-dependent stage, high doses of isoflavones may be contraindicated. The prospect of mega-dosing from isoflavone supplements opens a new chapter in the risk assessment of isoflavone consumption.
33
Masilamani, Madhan, Bert Ruiter, Wayne G. Shreffler, and Hugh A. Sampson. "Soybean isoflavones regulate dendritic cell function: implications in food allergy (79.16)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 79.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.79.16.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Peanuts and tree nuts are the most allergenic foods in children and adults in the U.S. Several allergens in peanut and soy share amino acid similarity by as much as 60%, yet soy allergy is less common and less severe compared to peanut allergy. Unlike peanuts, soybeans are rich in isoflavones such as genistein, daidzein and glycitein and are the most common source of isoflavones in the human food supply. Isoflavones are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The maximum bioavailability of isoflavones is from the gut since they are quickly converted to inactive forms before entering the circulation. Therefore, we hypothesize that the active-isoflavones in the gut milieu are capable of modulating the initiation of immune responses to dietary-antigens by regulating DC function. In vitro, isoflavones inhibited lipopolysachharide (LPS) or cholera toxin (CT)-induced cell-surface expression of CD83, CD80 and CD86 in a dose dependent manner in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDC). Isoflavone treatment augmented CT induced up-regulation of CXCR4 and CCR7. Isoflavone treated MDDC inhibited T cell proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction and inhibited the secretion of Th2 cytokines. We hypothesize that these changes in DC function could induce tolerance to food allergens. Studies are underway to test this hypothesis in a peanut allergic mouse model.
34
Son, Jaewoo, and Ki Jun Jeong. "Engineering of Leuconostoc citreum for Efficient Bioconversion of Soy Isoflavone Glycosides to Their Aglycone Forms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 9568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179568.
Full textAbstract:
Soy isoflavones are phytochemicals that possess various beneficial physiological properties such as anti-aging, anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties. Since soy isoflavones exist in glycoside forms, their bioavailability requires initial hydrolysis of the sugar moieties bound to them to be efficiently absorbed through the gut epithelium. Instead of conventional chemical hydrolysis using acids or organic solvents, alternative strategies for enhancing the bioavailability of soy isoflavones using biological methods are gaining attention. Here, we engineered Leuconostoc citreum isolated from Korean kimchi for efficient bioconversion of soy isoflavone glycosides into their aglycone forms to enhance their bioavailability. We first constructed an expression module based on the isoflavone hydrolase (IH)-encoding gene of Bifidobacterium lactis, which mediates conversion of isoflavone glycosides to aglycone forms. Using a high copy number plasmid and bicistronic expression design, the IH was successfully synthesized in L. citreum. Additionally, we determined enzymatic activity of the IH using an in vivo β-glucosidase assay and confirmed its highly efficient bioconversion efficiency for various types of isoflavone glycosides. Finally, we successfully demonstrated that the engineered L. citreum could convert isoflavone glycosides present in fermented soymilk into aglycones.
35
Xuan, Tong, Yuhan Liu, Rui Liu, Sheng Liu, Jiaqi Han, Xinyu Bai, Jie Wu, and Ronghua Fan. "Advances in Extraction, Purification, and Analysis Techniques of the Main Components of Kudzu Root: A Comprehensive Review." Molecules 28, no. 18 (September 12, 2023): 6577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186577.
Full textAbstract:
Kudzu root (Pueraria lobate (Willd.) Ohwi, KR) is an edible plant with rich nutritional and medicinal values. Over the past few decades, an ample variety of biological effects of Pueraria isoflavone have been evaluated. Evidence has shown that Pueraria isoflavone can play an active role in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular protection. Over 50 isoflavones in kudzu root have been identified, including puerarin, daidzein, daidzin, 3′-hydroxy puerarin, and genistein, each with unambiguous structures. However, the application of these isoflavones in the development of functional food and health food still depends on the extraction, purification and identification technology of Pueraria isoflavone. In recent years, many green and novel extraction, purification, and identification techniques have been developed for the preparation of Pueraria isoflavone. This review provides an updated overview of these techniques, specifically for isoflavones in KR since 2018, and also discusses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques in depth. The intention is to provide a research basis for the green and efficient extraction, purification, and identification of Pueraria isoflavone and offers investigators a valuable reference for future studies on the KR.
36
Kano, Mitsuyoshi, Kazuyoshi Haga, Kouji Miyazaki, and Fumiyasu Ishikawa. "Daily consumption of fermented soymilk helps to improve facial wrinkles in healthy postmenopausal women in a randomized, parallel-group, open-label trial." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v8i2.412.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Soymilk fermented by lactobacilli and/or bifidobacteria is attracting attention due to the excellent bioavailability of its isoflavones. We investigated the effects of fermented soymilk containing high amounts of isoflavone aglycones on facial wrinkles and urinary isoflavones in postmenopausal women in a randomized, parallel-group, open-label trial. Healthy Japanese women were randomly divided into active (n = 44, mean age 56.3 ± 0.5) or control (n = 44, mean age 56.1 ± 0.5) groups, who consumed or did not consume a bottle of soymilk fermented by Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult and Lactobacillus mali for 8 weeks. Maximum depth of wrinkles around the crow’s feet area and other wrinkle parameters were evaluated as primary and secondary endpoints respectively at weeks 0, 4, and 8 during the consumption period. Urinary isoflavone levels were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The active group demonstrated significant improvements in the maximum depth (p=0.015) and average depth (p=0.04) of wrinkles, and significantly elevated urinary isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, and glycitein; each p < 0.001) compared with the control during the consumption period. No serious adverse effects were recorded.Conclusion: These findings suggest that fermented soymilk taken daily may improve facial wrinkles and elevate urinary isoflavones in healthy postmenopausal women.Key words: postmenopausal women; isoflavone; fermented soymilk; phytoestrogen; facial wrinkle
37
Papadopoulos, Yousef A., R. Tsao, K. B. McRae, A. E. Mellish, and S. A. E. Fillmore. "Genetic variability of principal isoflavones in red clover." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, Special Issue (December 1, 2006): 1345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-154.
Full textAbstract:
Isoflavones, known for their health benefits, are abundant in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Total isoflavone concentrations can be 30 times that of soybean, indicating that red clover is a good source of nutraceutical and functional food ingredients. In this study, tissue samples of 13 red clover cultivars were taken at two growth stages (late-bud stage and late-flowering stage) to determine the concentration of individual isoflavones using HPLC. Individual isoflavone concentrations and total isoflavone concentration differed significantly according to red clover cultivar. We found significant genetic variability for total isoflavone concentration and individual isoflavone concentrations; these differences were not related to ploidy level (diploid vs. tetraploid). Broad-sense heritability (H = genetic variance/total variance) ranged from 0 to 83% and was influenced by isoflavone type and sampling date. The results of this study suggest that there is significant genetic variability for isoflavone concentrations among currently available red clover cultivars. Key words: Trifolium pratense L., biochanin A, formononetin, growing stages, broad-sense heritability
38
Tucak, Marijana, Svetislav Popović, Marija Ravlić, Marija Viljevac Vuletić, Goran Krizmanić, Tihomir Čupić, and Daniela Horvat. "Karakterizacija sadržaja izoflavona u hrvatskoj kolekciji crvene djeteline." Poljoprivreda 25, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.25.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Red clover is a perennial forage crop rich in isoflavones, the bioactive compounds with a positive effect on human and animal health. The aim of the research was to determine a variation in the isoflavone contents in the Croatian red clover collection and to identify the most promising materials to be used in the breeding program for the development of new cultivars for specific purposes. Leaf samples of 29 red clover cultivars/populations (two cultivars, twenty breeding populations, and seven local populations) were collected in a full flowering stage, and the identification and quantification of isoflavones was performed using the HPLC analysis. The most common isoflavones in the red clover cultivars/populations were formononetin and biochanin A. A significant variation among the cultivars/populations in the total and individual isoflavone content was determined. The populations with very high and low contents of both the total and of the individual isoflavones were identified to be used for the breeding purposes in order to develop new forage cultivars, or for specific goals in the pharmaceutical industry.
39
Russell, Ashley, Jamie Grimes, Danette Cruthirds, Joanna Westerfield, Lawren Wooten, Margaret Keil, Michael Weiser, et al. "Dietary Isoflavone-Dependent and Estradiol Replacement Effects on Body Weight in the Ovariectomized (OVX) Rat." Hormone and Metabolic Research 49, no. 06 (May 8, 2017): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-108250.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract17β-Estradiol is known to regulate energy metabolism and body weight. Ovariectomy results in body weight gain while estradiol administration results in a reversal of weight gain. Isoflavones, found in rodent chow, can mimic estrogenic effects making it crucial to understand the role of these compounds on metabolic regulation. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of dietary isoflavones on body weight regulation in the ovariectomized rat. This study will examine how dietary isoflavones can interact with estradiol treatment to affect body weight. Consistent with previous findings, animals fed an isoflavone-rich diet had decreased body weight (p<0.05), abdominal fat (p<0.05), and serum leptin levels (p<0.05) compared to animals fed an isoflavone-free diet. Estradiol replacement resulted in decreased body weight (p<0.05), abdominal fat (p<0.05), and serum leptin (p<0.05). Current literature suggests the involvement of cytokines in the inflammatory response of body weight gain. We screened a host of cytokines and chemokines that may be altered by dietary isoflavones or estradiol replacement. Serum cytokine analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) diet-dependent increases in inflammatory cytokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine). The isoflavone-free diet in OVX rats resulted in the regulation of the following cytokines and chemokines: interleukin-10, interleukin-18, serum regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p<0.05). Overall, these results reveal that estradiol treatment can have differential effects on energy metabolism and body weight regulation depending on the presence of isoflavones in rodent chow.
40
Fletcher, R. J. "Food sources of phyto-oestrogens and their precursors in Europe." British Journal of Nutrition 89, S1 (June 2003): S39—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002795.
Full textAbstract:
Phyto-oestrogens are dietary components found in some plants, which actin vivolike weak oestrogens. They may reduce the risk of some degenerative diseases moderated by oestrogen, including breast cancer and osteoporosis. The most widely studied are the isoflavones genistein and daidzein from soyabeans, but lignans may be more prevalent in the European diet. Soya foods have traditionally been consumed in the Orient for millennia, and are now widely available to European consumers. Levels of isoflavone in soyabeans from published literature vary between 560 and 3810 mg/kg, depending on variety and growing conditions. Soya protein concentrates and isolates derived from soyabeans contain 466–615 mg isoflavones/kg. Traditional soya milk, bean curds, bean sprouts, etc. contain 13 to 2030 mg isoflavone/kg, depending on the starting raw material and final water content. Fermented foods have a different isoflavone conjugate profile, which may be important in absorption and metabolism. Soya analogues of European foods include dairy and meat products, which contain 38 to 3000 mg total isoflavones/kg, depending the source of soya and dilution with other ingredients. A wide range of foods contain low levels of soya-derived isoflavones, but such foods do not make a significant contribution to mean intakes in Europe. Flaxseed is by far the richest source of lignan precursors. However, foods such as cereal brans, legumes and some vegetables are a more important source in the diets of Europeans because they are more widely consumed. For similar reasons, compared with soya isoflavones, lignans may be a more important source of phyto-oestrogens in the diets of Europeans.
41
Santos, Ricardo, Diana Pinto, Clara Magalhães, and Artur Silva. "Halogenated Flavones and Isoflavones: A State-of-Art on their Synthesis." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 6 (September 25, 2020): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417666200530213737.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Flavonoid is a family of compounds present in the everyday consumption plants and fruits, contributing to a balanced diet and beneficial health effects. Being a scaffold for new drugs and presenting a wide range of applicability in the treatment of illnesses give them also an impact in medicine. Among the several types of flavonoids, flavone and isoflavone derivatives can be highlighted due to their prevalence in nature and biological activities already established. The standard synthetic route to obtain both halogenated flavones and isoflavones is through the use of already halogenated starting materials. Halogenation of the flavone and isoflavone core is less common because it is more complicated and involves some selectivity issues. Objective: Considering the importance of these flavonoids, we aim to present the main and more recent synthetic approaches towards their halogenation. Methods: The most prominent methodologies for the synthesis of halogenated flavones and isoflavones were reviewed. A careful survey of the reported data, using mainly the Scopus database and halogenation, flavones and isoflavones as keywords, was conducted. Results: Herein, a review is provided on the latest and more efficient halogenation protocols of flavones and isoflavones. Selective halogenation and the greener methodologies, including enzymatic and microbial halogenations, were reported. Nevertheless, some interesting protocols that allowed the synthesis of halogenated flavone and isoflavone derivatives in specific positions using halogenated reagents are also summarized. Conclusion: Halogenated flavones and isoflavones have risen as noticeable structures; however, most of the time, the synthetic procedures involve toxic reagents and harsh reaction conditions. Therefore, the development of new synthetic routes with low environmental impact is desirable.
42
Zhang, Yongzhu, Liqing Yin, Jiajia Dong, and Xiudong Xia. "Soy Isoflavones Protect Neuronal PC12 Cells against Hypoxic Damage through Nrf2 Activation and Suppression of p38 MAPK and AKT–mTOR Pathways." Antioxidants 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2022): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102037.
Full textAbstract:
Isoflavones are a class of major phenolic compounds, derived from soybeans, that possess unique therapeutic and biological properties. The possible mechanisms of isoflavone-mediated protection of neuronal PC12 cells against hypoxic damage was investigated in this study. Isoflavones showed potential neuroprotective effects by increasing cell viability, decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibiting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxic damage. A Western blot analysis indicated that isoflavones decreased apoptosis by up-regulating the Bcl-xL protein and down-regulating the Bax protein. They further reduced the S-phase fraction of the cell cycle by down-regulating the p21 protein and up-regulating the cyclin A protein levels. Additionally, isoflavones activated Nrf2 protein translocation and inhibited the p38 MAPK and AKT–mTOR pathways. A molecular docking analysis further revealed that isoflavones displayed a potential competitive interaction with the Nrf2 protein for Keap1. Our findings suggest that isoflavones could be a potent neuroprotective phytochemical in soybeans and their products.
43
HENG, XINYU, HUAYOU CHEN, JIBIN LI, KANGTAO CAI, and CHENXI LU. "Optimization of Fermentation Process for Improving Soy Isoflavones Aglycone Content in Bean Dregs by Lactobacillus plantarum PL70a." Romanian Biotechnological Letters 26, no. 5 (September 20, 2021): 2942–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25083/rbl/26.5/2942.2952.
Full textAbstract:
Aglycone-type soy isoflavones have higher biological activity than glycoside-type soy isoflavones. Bean dregs are rich in glycoside-type soy isoflavones. In order to improve the biological activity of soy isoflavones in bean dregs, the Lactobacillus plantarum PL70a was screened and the fermentation process of converting glycoside-type soy isoflavones into aglycone-type in bean dregs was optimized by single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology. The optimal fermentation process was as follows: (NH4)2SO4 was added in an amount of 0.17%, glucoamylase was added in an amount of 0.87%, inoculation amount was 17%, sucrose was added in an amount of 1.3%, and fermentation time was 3 days. Under this process, the content of aglycone-type soy isoflavones in bean dregs significantly increased. Trypsin inhibitors and antigen proteins were almost removed. The fermentation process provides a good reference for the low-cost processing of high-quality soy isoflavone aglycone food.
44
Ribeiro, Tatiane Aparecida, Audrei Pavanello, Laize Peron Tófolo, Júlio Cezar de Oliveira, Ana Maria Praxedes de Moraes, Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco, Kelly Valério Prates, et al. "Soy isoflavones recover pancreatic islet function and prevent metabolic dysfunction in male rats." Journal of Endocrinology 250, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-21-0019.
Full textAbstract:
We tested whether chronic supplementation with soy isoflavones could modulate insulin secretion levels and subsequent recovery of pancreatic islet function as well as prevent metabolic dysfunction induced by early overfeeding in adult male rats. Wistar rats raised in small litters (SL, three pups/dam) and normal litters (NL, nine pups/dam) were used as models of early overfeeding and normal feeding, respectively. At 30 to 90 days old, animals in the SL and NL groups received either soy isoflavones extract (ISO) or water (W) gavage serving as controls. At 90 days old, body weight, visceral fat deposits, glycemia, insulinemia were evaluated. Glucose-insulin homeostasis and pancreatic-islet insulinotropic response were also determined. The early life overnutrition induced by small litter displayed metabolic dysfunction, glucose, and insulin homeostasis disruption in adult rats. However, adult SL rats treated with soy isoflavones showed improvement in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulinemia, fat tissue accretion, and body weight gain, compared with the SL-W group. Pancreatic-islet response to cholinergic, adrenergic, and glucose stimuli was improved in both isoflavone-treated groups. In addition, different isoflavone concentrations increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets of all groups with higher magnitude in both NL and SL isoflavone-treated groups. These results indicate that long-term treatment with soy isoflavones inhibits early overfeeding-induced metabolic dysfunction in adult rats and modulated the process of insulin secretion in pancreatic islets.
45
Blakesmith, Sarah J., Philippa M. Lyons–Wall, Caroline George, George E. Joannou, Peter Petocz, and Samir Samman. "Effects of supplementation with purified red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on plasma lipids and insulin resistance in healthy premenopausal women." British Journal of Nutrition 89, no. 4 (April 2003): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002807.
Full textAbstract:
Consumption of isoflavone-rich soyabean protein is reported to reduce total and LDL-cholesterol, but the specific components responsible are undetermined. In a previous crossover trial we showed that purified isoflavones, derived from red clover (Trifolium pratense), raised HDL3-cholesterol in premenopausal women; however, these findings were inconclusive due to period and carryover effects. In an attempt to overcome this problem, we utilised a parallel study designed to re-examine the effects of purified isoflavones on plasma lipoproteins and markers of insulin resistance in premenopausal women. Twenty-five healthy premenopausal women participated in a double-blind, randomised, parallel study. The treatment group (n12) consumed a placebo for the first menstrual cycle and an isoflavone supplement (86 mg/d, derived from red clover) for three cycles, while the placebo group (n13) consumed a placebo supplement for four menstrual cycles. Blood samples were collected weekly during cycles 1, 3 and 4. Supplementation with isoflavones resulted in a 15-fold increase in urinary isoflavone excretion (P<0·0001). There were no significant effects on total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, HDL subfractions, triacylglycerol, lipoprotein(a), glucose or insulin concentrations. Our present results indicate that purified isoflavones derived from red clover have no effect on cholesterol homeostasis or insulin resistance in premenopausal women, a group which is at low risk of CHD.
46
Karyasa, I. Wayan Dwija, Johan Kurnianda, and Herni Astuti. "Faktor risiko dan asupan isoflavon pada pasien kanker payudara." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2014): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18876.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Breast cancer is noncommunicable chronic disease the prevalence of which is increasing all over the world, including in Indonesia and particularly East Java. Causes of breast cancer are unknown. Some studies show risk factors for breast cancer are hormonal, genetic, reproductive and endocrinologic factors. There is the isoflavon compound in soybeans that is known as anti-cancer with anti-estrogen activities.Objective: The study was aimed at identifying risk factor and the difference of isoflavone intake between breast cancer patients and healthy people in hospitals.Method: The study was analytic observational using matched case-control study design at comparison 1:2 with matching on a status of menopause. Cases were positive receptor estrogen breast cancer patients newly diagnosed during the first visit at hospital outpatient Oncologic Surgery Polyclinic. Controls were staff considered healthy based on the result of health examination at Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital of Surabaya. Cases comprised 49 people and control 98 people taken through consecutive method. Data consisted of an identity of samples, weight, height, isoflavone intake, family history, use of hormone replacement therapy and parity. Intake of isoflavones was obtained from semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and statistical test used Chi-Square and Odd Ratio (OR).Results: There was the difference in isoflavone intake and family history between cases and controls (p<0.05) and there was an association between isoflavone intake (OR=2.58; p=0.007) and family history (OR=18; p=0.002) and the incidence of breast cancer. There was no association between the status of obesity, parity, and use of hormone replacement therapy.Conclusion: There are differences in isoflavone intake of breast cancer patients compared with healthy people and there was no difference in the status of obese breast cancer patients compared to healthy individuals and isoflavone intake less 2.85 times the risk of breast cancer compared with adequate intake of isoflavones.
47
Wang, Mian, Yiting Wang, Muhammad Bilal, Chong Xie, Pei Wang, Xin Rui, and Runqiang Yang. "UV-B Radiation Exhibited Tissue-Specific Regulation of Isoflavone Biosynthesis in Soybean Cell Suspension Cultures." Foods 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2024): 2385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13152385.
Full textAbstract:
Isoflavones, a class of substances with high biological activity, are abundant in soybeans. This study investigated isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean cell suspension cultures under UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation enhanced the transcription level and activity of key enzymes involved in isoflavone synthesis in cell suspension cultures. As a result, the isoflavone contents significantly increased by 19.80% and 91.21% in hypocotyl and cotyledon suspension cultures compared with the control, respectively. Meanwhile, a significant difference was observed in the composition of isoflavones between soybean hypocotyl and cotyledon suspension cultures. Genistin was only detected in hypocotyl suspension cultures, whereas glycitin, daidzein, and genistein accumulated in cotyledon suspension cultures. Therefore, UV-B radiation exhibited tissue-specific regulation of isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean cell suspension cultures. The combination of suspension cultures and abiotic stress provides a novel technological approach to isoflavone accumulation.
48
Ritchie, Margaret R., John H. Cummings, Michael S. Morton, C. Michael Steel, Caroline Bolton-Smith, and Andrew C. Riches. "A newly constructed and validated isoflavone database for the assessment of total genistein and daidzein intake." British Journal of Nutrition 95, no. 1 (January 2006): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051603.
Full textAbstract:
The principal phyto-oestrogens (PO) in food are isoflavones, lignans, coumestans and prenylated flavonoids, with isoflavones and lignans being the most commonly found in UK diets. Until recently obtaining accurate data on the PO content of foods was hampered by lack of suitable analytical methods and validation techniques. Furthermore, although PO data exist for some foods, these foods may not be available in the UK. The aim of the present study was to construct a new, comprehensive isoflavone (total genistein + daidzein) database. Using data, mainly from recent GC–MS analysis, for approximately 300 foods available in the UK, and extensive recipe calculations, a new database was constructed containing approximately 6000 foods allocated an isoflavone value. By analysing 7d weighed food diaries, the database was subsequently used to estimate isoflavone intake in two groups of healthy volunteers, omnivores (n9) and vegetarians (n10). Mean isoflavone intake in the vegetarian and omnivorous group was 7·4 (sem 3·05) and 1·2 (sem 0·43) mg/d, respectively. Mean intake for the total group was 4·5 (sem 1·89) mg/d. Main food sources of isoflavones for the vegetarian group were soya milk (plain), meat-substitute foods containing textured vegetable protein and soya protein isolate, soya mince, wholemeal bread and rolls, white bread and rolls, croissants and pitta breads, beans, raisins and soya sauce. Main food sources of isoflavones for the omnivorous group were soya yogurts, wholemeal bread and rolls, white bread and rolls, garlic bread, nan bread and brown bread, sultanas and scones.
49
Melchior, Emily A., Jason K. Smith, Liesel G. Schneider, J. Travis Mulliniks, Gary E. Bates, Michael D. Flythe, James L. Klotz, et al. "Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and red clover isoflavones on rumen microbial populations and physiological parameters of beef cattle1,2." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy147.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Lolium arundinaceum [(Darbyshire) tall fescue] toxicosis is responsible for substantial beef production losses in the United States, due to its negative effects on reproduction, growth, and feed efficiency. These effects are consequences of toxic alkaloids within tall fescue. Interseeding legumes, such as Trifolium pratense (red clover), into pastures has been shown to mitigate a portion of these effects. Clovers contain isoflavones, which may play a role in tall fescue toxicosis mitigation. The present study utilized 36 Angus steers to determine the effects of daily supplementation with a red clover-isolated isoflavone feed additive on physiological symptoms of tall fescue toxicosis and the rumen microbial environment over a 21-d period. Angus steers were initially stratified based upon their single nucleotide polymorphism genotype at the DRD2 receptor. Treatments were then randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design, where treatment factors consisted of tall fescue seed type (endophyte-infected tall fescue seed vs. endophyte-free tall fescue seed) supplemented with and without the isoflavone additive. Steers that consumed endophyte-infected tall fescue seed had lower serum prolactin concentrations (P = 0.0007), average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.003), final body weight (BW; P = 0.004), and feed efficiency (P = 0.018) when compared with steers that consumed endophyte-free tall fescue seed. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) tended to be reduced with supplementation of isoflavones (P = 0.06) but was unaffected by seed type (P ≥ 0.10) and seed by treatment interaction (P ≥ 0.10). Isoflavones reduced serum glucose levels (P = 0.023), but neither seed type, isoflavones, or their interaction affected serum urea nitrogen (SUN), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), or insulin (P ≥ 0.10). Volatile fatty acid concentrations, dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal pH, and overall feeding behaviors were also unaffected by seed type or isoflavone treatments (P ≥ 0.10). Twenty-eight ruminal bacteria taxa shifted as a result of seed type or isoflavone treatment (P < 0.05). In this experiment, feeding isoflavones to Angus cattle did not completely mitigate all symptoms of fescue toxicosis. However, dose–response trials may aid future research to determine if dietary supplementation with isoflavones alleviates fescue toxicosis symptoms and promotes livestock growth and performance.
50
Liu, Ping, C. D’Arcy J. Holman, Jie Jin, and Min Zhang. "Dietary isoflavone intake is associated with a reduced risk of myelodysplastic syndromes." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 12 (October 13, 2015): 2110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003931.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIsoflavones have been suggested to have protective effects on certain cancers. However, the association of soya foods or dietary isoflavones with the risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has not been examined. Thus, the aim of this hospital-based case–control study undertaken in China in 2012–2013 was to investigate the association between dietary isoflavone intake and MDS risk. The analysis included 208 cases aged 19–85 years with MDS and 208 controls individually matched to the cases by sex, birth quinquennium and residential locality. Information on habitual food intakes, including nine items of soya foods, was sought from in-person interviews using a validated 107-item FFQ. Dietary intakes of daidzein, genistein, glycitein and total isoflavones were estimated using the 2008 US Department of Agriculture Isoflavone Database. OR were calculated from conditional logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounding by demographics, lifestyle and dietary factors. The mean daily intake of total isoflavones was 19·0 mg in cases and 23·0 mg in controls. Dietary intake of isoflavones was inversely associated with the risk of MDS. The adjusted OR in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile of intake were 0·43 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·85) for daidzein, 0·36 (95 % CI 0·18, 0·74) for genistein, 0·49 (95 % CI 0·25, 0·97) for glycitein and 0·40 (95 % CI 0·20, 0·81) for total isoflavones. The findings suggest that higher dietary intake of isoflavones is associated with a reduced risk of MDS in a Chinese population.