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Journal articles on the topic 'Isoenzymes Analysis'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Tillyer, C. R., S. Rakhorst, and C. M. Colley. "Multicomponent analysis for alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination by multiple linear regression." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.5.803.

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Abstract Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) isoenzymes in serum may be determined by multicomponent analysis of the enzyme activities in the presence of multiple inhibitors. To determine inhibition coefficients of the isoenzymes, we used multiple linear regression analysis to compare alkaline phosphatase activities in the presence of known inhibitors with electrophoretically determined isoenzyme activities in plasma and serum samples. All possible combinations of exactly determined and overdetermined linear systems of inhibitors were ranked according to their prediction error to select an optim

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2

Dunaway, G. A., T. P. Kasten, T. Sebo, and R. Trapp. "Analysis of the phosphofructokinase subunits and isoenzymes in human tissues." Biochemical Journal 251, no. 3 (May 1, 1988): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2510677.

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The 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK) subunits and isoenzymes were studied in human muscle, heart, brain, liver, platelets, fibroblasts, erythrocytes, placenta and umbilical cord. In each tissue, the subunit types in the native isoenzymes were characterized by immunological titration with subunit-specific antibodies and by column chromatography on QAE (quaternary aminoethyl)-Sephadex. Further, the subunits of the partially purified native isoenzymes were resolved by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, identified by immunoblotting, and quantified by scanning gel densitometry of silver-stained

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3

Yoshikuni, Keiko, Takashi Matsuda, Janka Poracova, Akemi Sakai, Keiko Shimada, Noriko Tabuchi, and Kiyoh Tanishima. "Phylogenic Study of Denaturation of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes from Different Species by High and Low Temperature." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 38, no. 5 (September 2001): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456320103800513.

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We studied the influence of storage at different temperatures on lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; LD) isoenzymes from different tissues and different species, and analysed biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of denaturation during storage. Isoenzymes obtained from tissue extracts of mammals, poultry, reptiles, amphibians and fish were shown to have their own denaturation ranges at low temperatures by post-treatment assays and transition temperature analysis. These ranges were between − 10 and − 20°C for most vertebrate LD isoenzymes. Circular dichroism analysis indicated that the denatur

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4

Giannoulaki, E. E., D. L. Kalpaxis, C. Tentas, and P. Fessas. "Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern in sera of patients with malignant diseases." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.3.396.

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Abstract Total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) activity and the percentage distribution of LDH isoenzymes were determined in 127 patients with malignant diseases. A shift in the isoenzyme patterns was observed toward the M-type, with an increase in the percentage of LDH-4 and LDH-5 isoenzymes and a slight increase in total LDH activity of all patients. Serum samples from 68 of the patients contained an abnormal isoenzyme of LDH, "LDH-1 ex," that, on agarose gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6, migrated between albumin and LDH-1 isoenzyme. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgical removal of t

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5

Bar, Jair, Stuart Spencer, Shethah Morgan, Laura Pike, David Cunningham, Jane D. Robertson, Juliane M. Jürgensmeier, and Glenwood D. Goss. "Correlation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme profile with outcome in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (pts) treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab (BEV) or cediranib (CED)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e13541-e13541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e13541.

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e13541 Background: There is a clinical need for predictive biomarkers of efficacy of VEGF signaling inhibitors (VSIs). LDH is a tetramer that can include any combination of the M and H subunits. LDH4 and 5 isoenzymes are composed mostly of the M subunit and are more abundant in hypoxic conditions. We speculated that the levels of LDH isoenzymes in pts serum may correlate with outcome of pts treated with VSIs. HORIZON I trial enrolled pts that were randomized to mFOLFOX6 with BEV or CED. A retrospective exploratory analysis was performed on baseline serum samples of these pts. Methods: Total se

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6

Pompeu, Georgia Bertoni, Priscila Lupino Gratão, Victor Alexandre Vitorello, and Ricardo Antunes Azevedo. "Antioxidant isoenzyme responses to nickel-induced stress in tobacco cell suspension culture." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 5 (2008): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000500015.

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Exposure to nickel (Ni) at high concentrations can lead to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative damage at the cellular level. We investigated the antioxidative responses of Nicotiana tabacum cv BY-2 cell suspension to Ni stress (0.075 and 0.75 mM NiCl2) over a 72 h period with special attention to potential alterations in isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). Two main SOD isoenzymes were observed, a Mn-SOD (band I) and a Fe-SOD (band II), as well as one CAT isoenzyme and four GR isoenzymes. Activity staining analy

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7

Kochhar, Sunita, Christopher B. Watkins, Patricia L. Conklin, and Susan K. Brown. "A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Antioxidant Enzymes in Relation to Susceptibility of Apples to Superficial Scald." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 6 (November 2003): 910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.6.0910.

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The activities and isoenzyme patterns of guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were studied in yellow- and red-fruited crab apple [Malus (L.) Mill.] selections from a `White Angel' × `Rome Beauty' cross that show differential susceptibility to the physiological storage disorder, superficial scald. There were no consistent relationships between total enzyme activities and scald incidence, high activities of the enzymes being detected in selections with both high and low susceptibilities to scald. However, additional indivi

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8

Singh, S. V., A. Kurosky та Y. C. Awasthi. "Human liver glutathione S-transferase ψ. Chemical characterization and secondary-structure comparison with other mammalian glutathione S-transferases". Biochemical Journal 243, № 1 (1 квітня 1987): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2430061.

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The isolation and chemical characterization of the anionic human liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) psi (pI 5.5) are described and compared with other GST isoenzymes reported for rat and human. Amino acid compositional analysis, substrate specificity and isoelectric focusing indicated that GST psi is a unique isoenzyme form of GST. Strikingly, however, amino acid sequence analysis of the N-terminal region indicated that GST psi was identical with GST mu in the first 23 amino acid residues reported. It is likely that these two enzyme forms are at least partially structurally related. In orde

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9

Maekawa, M., K. Sudo, K. Iwahara, and T. Kanno. "Lactate dehydrogenase inhibition by immunoglobulin G in human serum." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 1347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.7.1347.

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Abstract Low lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) activity and an abnormal LD pattern in electrophoretograms of LD isoenzymes in the sera of two patients were caused by inhibition of LD by immunoglobulin G. One of these showed inhibitor activity in the serum upon direct analysis, while the other showed activity only after the immunoglobulin was stripped from the LD. As judged from the LD isoenzyme patterns in serum, the LD inhibitor appeared to act against M subunits. However, quantification of binding affinities to each isolated isoenzyme showed that the LD inhibitor had a stronger effect

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10

Segil, N., A. Shrutkowski, M. B. Dworkin, and E. Dworkin-Rastl. "Enolase isoenzymes in adult and developing Xenopus laevis and characterization of a cloned enolase sequence." Biochemical Journal 251, no. 1 (April 1, 1988): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2510031.

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As part of a study of glycolysis during early development we have examined the pattern of expression of enolase isoenzymes in Xenopus laevis. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone coding for the complete amino acid sequence of one enolase gene (ENO1) in X. laevis was determined. X. laevis ENO1 shows highest homology to mammalian non-neuronal enolase. Analysis of enolase isoenzymes in X. laevis by non-denaturing electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips revealed five isoenzymes. One form was present in all tissues tested, two additional forms were expressed in oocytes, embryos,

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11

DUJARDIN, J. C., A. L. BAÑULS, J. P. DUJARDIN, J. AREVALO, M. TIBAYRENC, and D. LE RAY. "Comparison of chromosome and isoenzyme polymorphism in geographical populations of Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana." Parasitology 117, no. 6 (December 1998): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098003357.

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Five chromosomes and 17 isoenzyme loci were analysed in 4 allopatric populations of Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana, and molecular distances calculated with 2 estimators, Chromosomal Size Difference Index and Jaccard Distance. Chromosome and isoenzyme data were in overall concordance: 13/30 isolates clustered similarly on the dendrograms constructed from the different estimators, and a significant correlation (P<0·001) was observed between the molecular distances calculated from the two sets of characters. This indicates an evolutionary association between chromosomal size polymorphism and i

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12

Palmieri, Gianna, Paola Giardina, Carmen Bianco, Bianca Fontanella, and Giovanni Sannia. "Copper Induction of Laccase Isoenzymes in the Ligninolytic Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.3.920-924.2000.

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ABSTRACT Pleurotus ostreatus is a white rot basidiomycete that produces several extracellular laccase isoenzymes, including phenol oxidase A1b (POXA1b), POXA2, and POXC. POXC was the most abundant isoenzyme produced under all of the growth conditions examined in this study. Copper was the most efficient inducer of laccase activity among the putative inducers tested. The amounts of all of the previously described laccase isoenzymes increased substantially in copper-supplemented cultures. Under these conditions expression of POX isoenzymes was regulated at the level of gene transcription. It is

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13

Cousineau, J. C., A. K. Anderson, H. A. Daubeny, and D. J. Donnelly. "Characterization of Red Raspberry Cultivars and Selections Using Isoenzyme Analysis." HortScience 28, no. 12 (December 1993): 1185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.12.1185.

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Isoenzyme staining of horizontal starch gels was used to characterize 23 cultivars and three advanced selections of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). The genotypes were separable using the enzymes malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphoglucomutase, and triose phosphate isomerase. In addition, staining for isocitrate dehydrogenase and shikimate dehydrogenase revealed polymorphisms in some cultivars. By combining these results with those obtained for 78 previously tested cultivars, 75 of the 104 (72%) genotypes tested were uniquely characterized using the six isoenzymes.

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14

Pereira-Lorenzo, Santiago, Ana M. Ramos-Cabrer, Javier Ascasíbar-Errasti, and Juan Piñeiro-Andión. "Analysis of Apple Germplasm in Northwestern Spain." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 1 (January 2003): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.1.0067.

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Spain is the 15th largest apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) producer in the world with production depending mainly on foreign cultivars. During the 1970s, a germplasm bank of local cultivars was established in Galicia with the aim of preserving the local resources of northwestern Spain. A total of 408 accessions were studied using 89 morphological characters, with 15 corresponding to phenology, 46 to fruit, 7 to flowers, 11 to leaves, 6 to pests and 4 to diseases. Three variable isoenzymes, PGM E.C.5.3.1.9, PGI E.C.2.7.5.1 and EST E.C.2.7.5.1, were analyzed for 405 accessions and 27 commercial c

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15

YOSHIMURA, Kazuya, Yukinori YABUTA, Masahiro TAMOI, Takahiro ISHIKAWA, and Shigeru SHIGEOKA. "Alternatively spliced mRNA variants of chloroplast ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes in spinach leaves." Biochemical Journal 338, no. 1 (February 8, 1999): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3380041.

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We have previously shown that stromal and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase (APX) isoenzymes of spinach chloroplasts arise from a common pre-mRNA by alternative splicing in the C-terminus of the isoenzymes [Ishikawa, Yoshimura, Tamoi, Takeda and Shigeoka (1997) Biochem. J. 328, 795–800]. To explore the production of mature, functional mRNA encoding chloroplast APX isoenzymes, reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR and S1 nuclease protection analysis were performed with poly(A)+ RNA or polysomal RNA from spinach leaves. As a result, four mRNA variants, one form of thylakoid-bound APX (tAPX-I) an

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16

Iverson, A. J., A. Bianchi, A. C. Nordlund, and L. A. Witters. "Immunological analysis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase mass, tissue distribution and subunit composition." Biochemical Journal 269, no. 2 (July 15, 1990): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2690365.

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Changes in the mass and subunit structure of liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) accompany altered nutrition in vivo. Enzyme activity in different tissues and cell lines is also, in part, determined by variations in both total mass and ACC isoenzyme composition. ACC isoenzyme mass and hetero/homo-isoenzyme association were quantified by three sandwich e.l.i.s.a. assays, i.e. an avidin-based assay that measured total isoenzyme mass and two antibody-sandwich assays which measure polypeptide association. Results from the avidin-based assay reveal that the two major isoenzymes, of molecular mass 26

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17

Cousineau, J. C., and D. J. Donnelly. "Identification of Raspberry Cultivars in Vivo and in Vitro Using Isoenzyme Analysis." HortScience 24, no. 3 (June 1989): 490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.3.490.

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Abstract Isoenzyme analysis of leaf tissue was used to characterize and separate 18 greenhouse-grown red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars and two purple raspberry (R. ×neglectus Peck) cultivars. Five enzymes were found to be useful: Phosphoglu-coisomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Fourteen of the 20 cultivars were uniquely separated using these enzymes. The remaining six were assigned to three different groups. Staining for additional isoenzymes may lead to the separation of cultivars

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18

Viallard, J. L., M. R. Ven Murthy, and B. Dastugue. "Rapid electrophoretic determination of neuron-specific enolase isoenzymes in serum." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.4.593.

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Abstract This assay procedure for each of the two neuron-specific enolases (alpha gamma and gamma gamma) and the non-neuronal enolase (alpha alpha) in serum involves two steps: electrophoretic separation of the three isoenzymes--alpha alpha, alpha gamma, and gamma gamma--on cellulose acetate, and bioluminescence measurement of total enolase activity. From these data, the activity concentrations (U/L) of the three isoenzymes in serum are calculated. Both measurement steps are based on the enzymatic activity of enolase and thus differ from the immunological methods currently in use, which requir

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19

Cousineau, Johanne C., and Danielle J. Donnelly. "Use of Isoenzyme Analysis to Characterize Raspberry Cultivars and Detect Cultivar Mislabeling." HortScience 27, no. 9 (September 1992): 1023–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.9.1023.

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Isoenzyme staining was used to characterize 55 of 78 raspberry cultivars (Rubus idaeus L., R. × neglectus Peck, and R. occidentalis L.). Six enzymes were needed to achieve this characterization: isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphoglucomutase, shikimic acid dehydrogenase, arid triose phosphate isomerase. The 23 cultivars that were not uniquely characterized were grouped into eight groups of two and two groups of three and four. Two of these groups comprised black raspberry cultivars, all of which were similar isozymically. Isoenzymes could not distingu

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20

Ahmad, Riaz, Nazia Nazam, Arshad Khan, and Mumtaz Alam. "Significance of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase and its Isoenzymes During Post-Burn Follow-Up." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 28, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-009-0018-7.

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Significance of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase and its Isoenzymes During Post-Burn Follow-Up The present study aims to evaluate the role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in thermal burns. A total of 18 patients of both genders with 20 to 50% total burn surface area (TBSA), admitted to the Burn Ward of JN Medical College and Hospital was assessed. These patients were subjected to general and systemic examinations. The sera collected at day 1, 2, 5 and 10 during follow-up of burn patients were used for LDH quantitation. PAGE profiles showed significant differences in the levels of LDH isoe

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21

Cousineau, Johanne C., and Danielle J. Donnelly. "Genetic Analysis of Isoenzymes in Raspberry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 6 (November 1992): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.6.996.

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The inheritance of five isoenzymes was studied in red and purple raspberry F1 progenies (Rubus idaeus L. and Rubus × neglectus Peck). Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH; EC 1.1.1.42) was a dimeric enzyme present in the cytosol and coded for by one locus (Idh-1). Three of the four crosses analyzed at this locus had deviations from expected ratios, possibly caused by its linkage to a recessive lethal gene. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9), and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI; EC 5.3.1.1) were dimeric enzymes with two loci. Each of these three enzymes wa

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22

NOVELLI, G., F. CATIZONE, and B. DALLAPICCOLA. "Analysis of isoenzymes in trophoblast cells." Cell Biology International Reports 10, no. 3 (March 1986): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1651(86)80003-0.

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23

Scott, Joseph W., Farris L. Poole, and Michael W. W. Adams. "Characterization of Ten Heterotetrameric NDP-Dependent Acyl-CoA Synthetases of the Hyperthermophilic ArchaeonPyrococcus furiosus." Archaea 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/176863.

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The hyperthermophilic archaeonPyrococcus furiosusgrows by fermenting peptides and carbohydrates to organic acids. In the terminal step, acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) isoenzymes convert acyl-CoA derivatives to the corresponding acid and conserve energy in the form of ATP. ACS1 and ACS2 were previously purified fromP. furiosusand haveα2β2structures but the genome contains genes encoding three additionalα-subunits. The ten possible combinations ofαandβgenes were expressed inE. coliand each resulted in stable and activeα2β2isoenzymes. Theα-subunit of each isoenzyme determined CoA-based substrate speci

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24

Redling, Stephanie, Imke L. Pfaff, Michael Leitges та Volker Vallon. "Immunolocalization of protein kinase C isoenzymes α, βI, βII, δ, and ε in mouse kidney". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 287, № 2 (серпень 2004): F289—F298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00273.2003.

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Localization of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes α, βI, βII, δ, and ε was studied employing Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical methods including confocal laser-scanning microscopy in the kidney of two mice strains, namely, C57BL/6 and 129/Sv, which have recently been used as genetic backgrounds for respective knockout mice. Immunoblot analysis identified immunoreactive bands for each isoenzyme in total kidney cell extracts. Isoenzyme expression sites were identical for both strains. Glomeruli expressed PKC-α, -βI, and -ε. The latter isoenzme was also detected in apical aspects of p

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25

Lessard, F., and R. Dion. "Analysis for alpha-amylase isoenzymes by automated isoelectric focusing." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 2116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.10.2116.

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Abstract We describe the fractionation of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) isoenzymes by use of the Pharmacia "Phastsystem" electrophoresis apparatus. The separation is done by isoelectric focusing on "Phastgel IEF 5-8." A complete run, including staining, takes 4 h and can easily resolve eight isoenzymes. Samples can be analyzed in a routine laboratory with use of conventional reagents.

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26

Ivashchenko, D. V., A. S. Osipov, E. V. Nazarova, M. A. Ovchinnikova, N. I. Buromskaya, V. V. Smirnov, P. V. Shimanov, et al. "Efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in adolescents with an acute psychotic episode in relation to the activity of CYP3A and CYP2D6 isoenzymes." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 12, no. 6 (December 12, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2020-6-11-18.

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Antipsychotics are a first-line treatment for psychotic disorders. The cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP3A4/5 and CYP2D6 metabolize most antipsychotics. The activity of these isoenzymes in children changes with maturation, so it is different from that in adults. Objective: to study the associations of CYP3A and CYP2D6 isoenzyme activity parameters with the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in adolescents with an acute psychotic episode. Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 53 adolescents with an acute psychotic episode who took antipsychotics. The observation period lasted 14 days

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27

Wyss, M., D. Maughan, and T. Wallimann. "Re-evaluation of the structure and physiological function of guanidino kinases in fruitfly (Drosophila), sea urchin (Psammechinus miliaris) and man." Biochemical Journal 309, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3090255.

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Purification and biophysical characterization of mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) from sperm of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris, as well as gel-permeation chromatography of human heart Mi-CK demonstrate that these two Mi-CK isoenzymes form highly symmetrical octameric molecules with an M(r) of approx. 350,000, a value similar to that found for all other Mi-CK isoenzymes investigated so far. The absolute evolutionary conservation of this oligomeric form from sea urchins to mammals points both to its essentiality for Mi-CK function and to an important role of octameric Mi-CK in the ene

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28

Hoesch, R. M., and T. D. Boyer. "Purification and characterization of hepatic glutathione S-transferases of rhesus monkeys. A family of enzymes similar to the human hepatic glutathione S-transferases." Biochemical Journal 251, no. 1 (April 1, 1988): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2510081.

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Thirteen forms of glutathione S-transferase were purified from the livers of female rhesus monkeys (Macaque mulatta). Most (74.7%) of the activity in the hepatic cytosol adhered well to the GSH affinity column and could be eluted only with the addition of GSH to the eluting buffer. The predominant isoenzymes (n = 5) in this ‘high-affinity’ fraction had alkaline pI values (greater than 9.0) and contained a subunit with an Mr value of 24,000. All of these isoenzymes had high organic peroxidase activity and, on the basis of amino acid analysis, substrate specificities and affinity for non-substra

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29

Medh, R. D., M. Saxena, S. S. Singhal, H. Ahmad, and Y. C. Awasthi. "Characterization of a novel glutathione S-transferase isoenzyme from mouse lung and liver having structural similarity to rat glutathione S-transferase 8-8." Biochemical Journal 278, no. 3 (September 15, 1991): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2780793.

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In mouse lung, glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) isoenzymes belonging to the three major known classes, Alpha, Mu and Pi, have been previously characterized, along with an isoenzyme (pI 5.7) that could not be identified with the Alpha, Mu or Pi classes of GSTs. In the present studies we have demonstrated that this isoenzyme is also expressed in liver. Its structural, kinetic, and immunological properties have been determined and compared with those of the three classes of GSTs. GST 5.7 has a subunit molecular mass of 23 kDa, which is intermediate between that of the previously chara

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30

Schultz, Carolyn J., Meier Hsu, Barbara Miesak, and Gloria M. Coruzzi. "Arabidopsis Mutants Define an in Vivo Role for Isoenzymes of Aspartate Aminotransferase in Plant Nitrogen Assimilation." Genetics 149, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.2.491.

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Abstract Arabidopsis contains five isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) localized to the cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondria, or peroxisomes. To define the in vivo function of individual isoenzymes, we screened for Arabidopsis mutants deficient in either of the two major isoenzymes, cytosolic AAT2 or chloroplastic AAT3, using a native gel activity assay. In a screen of 8,000 M2 seedlings, three independent mutants deficient in cytosolic AAT2 (aat2) and two independent mutants deficient in chloroplastic AAT3 (aat3) were isolated. Mapping of aat2 and aat3 mutations and the five AspAT

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31

Lebherz, H. G., T. Burke, J. E. Shackelford, J. E. Strickler, and K. J. Wilson. "Specific proteolytic modification of creatine kinase isoenzymes. Implication of C-terminal involvement in enzymic activity but not in subunit-subunit recognition." Biochemical Journal 233, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2330051.

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We are using the isoenzymes of creatine kinase (CK) to investigate the effect of specific proteolytic modification on the abilities of enzyme subunits to establish precise subunit-subunit recognition in vitro. Previous work by others has shown that treatment of the MM isoenzyme of rabbit CK with Proteinase K results in a specific proteolytic modification and inactivation of the enzyme. In the present work, we show that both the MM and BB isoenzymes of chicken CK are also specifically modified by Proteinase K, resulting in over 98% loss of catalytic activity and approx. 10% decreases in subunit

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32

Arenas, J., V. Diaz, G. Liras, E. Gutierrez, I. Santos, A. Martinez, and J. M. Culebras. "Activities of creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in serum in various skeletal muscle disorders." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 2460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.12.2460.

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Abstract We studied possible correlations between anatomopathological and clinical features and the values for total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and its isoenzymes, including the proportion of CK-MB, in a population displaying several neuromuscular pathologies. Although we observed no specific isoenzyme pattern associated with the different myopathies, we found isoenzyme analysis useful in studying the histopathological evolution of illness. We also considered whether the pathology was regenerative or nonregenerative, and what type of fiber (I or II) was involved. High CK-MB percentages (

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Maekawa, Masato, Motoko Inomata, Masao S. Sasaki, Akihiro Kaneko, Mineko Ushiama, Kokichi Sugano, Jun Takayama, and Takashi Kanno. "Electrophoretic Variant of a Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme and Selective Promoter Methylation of the LDHA Gene in a Human Retinoblastoma Cell Line." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1938–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.11.1938.

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Abstract Background: Lactate dehydrogenase (LD), a tetrameric product of the genes LDHA and LDHB, may be increased in sera of cancer patients. A variant isoenzyme with electrophoretic mobility between LD2 and LD3 (LD2ex) has been described in patients, but its molecular nature is largely unknown. Methods: A newly established retinoblastoma cell line, NCC-RbC-51 (R51), showed an isoenzyme pattern with only two bands, LD1 and LD2ex. We investigated the isoenzymes by Northern blot, Western blot, and methylation analysis and PCR. Results: Northern blot analysis revealed that R51 cells expressed no

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ICHIMURA, Michio, Rika EIKI, Keiko OSAWA, Satoshi NAKANISHI, and Hiroshi KASE. "KS-505a, an isoform-selective inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase." Biochemical Journal 316, no. 1 (May 15, 1996): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3160311.

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The effects of KS-505a, a novel microbial metabolite, on the activity of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CaM-PDE) were investigated. (1) KS-505a potently inhibited the purified 61 kDa isoenzyme of CaM-PDE from bovine brain and required much higher doses to inhibit the purified 59 kDa isoenzyme of CaM-PDE from bovine heart. The inhibition of both isoenzymes was observed only in the presence of calcium-activated calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM). The IC50 values for the 61 and 59 kDa isoenzymes were 0.17 and 13 μM respectively with 20 μM cAMP as a substrate. (2) Kinetic analysis in

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35

Bogaards, J. J. P., B. van Ommen, and P. J. V. van Bladeren. "Purification and characterization of eight glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes of hamster. Comparison of subunit composition of enzymes from liver, kidney, testis, pancreas and trachea." Biochemical Journal 286, no. 2 (September 1, 1992): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2860383.

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Eight dimeric isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase (GST) were purified from liver, kidney and testis of the Syrian golden hamster, using S-hexylglutathione affinity chromatography and chromatofocusing. The isoenzymes were characterized according to their substrate selectivity, physical properties and amino acid sequence analysis. Thus a classification into Alpha, Mu and Pi classes was made in analogy with GSTs of other species. Two Alpha-class GSTs were purified, termed A1A1 (pI 8.9) and A1A2 (pI 8.6). Four Mu-class subunits were detected (M1-M4), all forming homodimers, with M2 and M3 also

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36

DEWASTE, Valérie, Valérie POUILLON, Colette MOREAU, Stephen SHEARS, Kazunaga TAKAZAWA, and Christophe ERNEUX. "Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding human inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase C." Biochemical Journal 352, no. 2 (November 24, 2000): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3520343.

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Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] 3-kinase catalyses the phosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. cDNAs encoding two isoenzymes of Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase (3-kinases A and B) have been described previously. In the present study, we report the cloning of a full-length 2052bp cDNA encoding a third human isoenzyme of the Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase family, referred to as isoform C. This novel enzyme has a calculated molecular mass of 75.207kDa and a Km for Ins(1,4,5)P3 of 6µM. Northern-blot analysis showed the presence of a transcript of approx. 3.9kb in various human tissues. Inosito

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37

Rahayu, Sri, Sutiman Bambang Sumitro, T. Susilawati, and Soemarno Soemarno. "ANALISIS ISOENZIM UNTUK MEMPELAJARI VARIASI GENETIK SAPI BALI DI PROVINSI BALI." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.12.1.20061.

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The aim of this research was to know Bali cattle genetic variation according to the band pattern of isoenzyme. Esteraseand Malate dehydrogenase Isoenzymes of Bali cattle were studied. Using the native-PAGE method, the analysis has been made of the genetic structure and variation of the bali cattle population. Isoenzyme isolated from leucocytes cell using homogenation method by adding Phosphat Buffer Saline (PBS). A hundred sample of Bali cattles were taken in Mambang, Slemadeg and Kuwumkeladi. The result of this research indicate that from the 2 different enzyme, 3 loci were detected, and 1 of

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Tillyer, C. R. "Error estimation in the quantification of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by selective inhibition methods." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 2490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.12.2490.

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Abstract A method for calculating, by selective inhibition, the activities in serum of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) originating from bone, liver, intestine, and placenta produced results for a sample of patients for which the imprecision was five- to 25-fold higher than that of the alkaline phosphatase method used--too imprecise for routine clinical use. Error analysis by direct calculation and by Monte Carlo estimation revealed that the algorithm used in the method completely accounted for the increase in imprecision of the isoenzyme estimations. I recommend that all method

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Morikawa, Toshinobu. "Monosomic analysis of leaf peroxidase Px0 and Px9 loci in hexaploid oats." Genome 30, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-017.

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Inheritance of the peroxidase isoenzymes of the flag leaf blade was examined by isoelectrofocusing in the hexaploid oats Avena byzantina cv. Kanota, Avena fatua ssp. compacta, and Avena sativa cv. Cherokee. Two independent peroxidase loci (Px0 and Px9) were detected in the F2 from the 'Kanota' × compacta cross. The Px0a derived from compacta expressed the highest peroxidase activity and was accompanied by a post-transcriptionally modified form or mozyme. A monosomic analysis of the Px0 and Px9 loci revealed that they were located on chromosomes 18 and 6, respectively. Phenotypic expression of

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Naito, Eiji, Roka Shimada, and Masashi Yuki. "Diagnostic utility of measuring lactate dehydrogenase levels and its isoenzyme activities for the evaluation of malignancy in feline pleural effusion and ascitic fluid." Open Veterinary Journal 12, no. 5 (2022): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i5.19.

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Background: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes may be useful in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion (PE) and ascitic fluid (AF) aetiologies in cats since tissue damage induces their release, changing the pattern of their activity. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of measuring lactate dehydrogenase levels and isoenzyme activities in PE or AF in cats with malignancy. Materials and Methods: The results of LDH levels and isoenzyme activities in the serum, PE and AF of 29 cats were compared among malignant group, infectious group, and non-malignant, no

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Di Ilio, C., A. Aceto, T. Bucciarelli, S. Angelucci, M. Felaco, A. Grilli, and G. Federici. "Glutathione transferase isoenzymes from human prostate." Biochemical Journal 271, no. 2 (October 15, 1990): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2710481.

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By using affinity-chromatography and isoelectric-focusing techniques, several forms of glutathione transferase (GSTs) were resolved from human prostate cytosol. All the three major classes of GST, i.e. Alpha, Mu and Pi, are present in human prostate. However, large inter-individual variation in the qualitative and quantitative expression of different isoenzymes resulted in the samples investigated. The most abundant group of prostate isoenzymes showed acid (pI 4.3-4.7) behaviour and were classified as Pi class GSTs on the basis of their immunological and structural properties. Immunohistochemi

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Higashiyama, M., S. Doi, N. Tomita, T. Monden, M. Murotani, Y. Kawasaki, T. Kobayashi, T. Shimano, M. Ogawa, and S. Takai. "Immunohistochemical analysis of amylase isoenzymes in thyroid cancer." Journal of Clinical Pathology 44, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.44.2.144.

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43

Marretto, Jesila Pinto M., and Sonia G. Andrade. "Biochemical behavior of Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from mice submitted to specific chemotherapy." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 27, no. 4 (December 1994): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821994000400002.

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To investigate the influence of chemotherapy on the biochemical beha vior of Trypanosoma cruzi strains, three groups of mice were infected with one of three strains of T. cruzi of different biological and isoenzymic patterns (Peruvian, 21 SF and Colombian strains). Each group was subdivided into subgroups: 1 - treated with nifurtimox; 2 - treated with benznidazole and 3 - untreated infected controls. At the end of treatment, that lasted for 90 days, xenodiagnosis, sub inoculation of blood into new born mice and haemoculture were performed as tests of cure. From the positive tests, 22 samples o

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44

Kazmierczak, S. C., W. J. Castellani, F. Van Lente, E. D. Hodges, and B. Udis. "Effect of reticulocytosis on lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme distribution in serum: in vivo and in vitro studies." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.9.1638.

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Abstract We investigated the effect of reticulocytosis on the lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzyme LD1/LD2 ratio in patients with and without evidence of hemolytic disease. Analysis of sera from patients with reticulocytosis and in vivo hemolysis showed a mean LD1/LD2 ratio of 0.92 compared with a ratio of 0.69 in patients with in vivo hemolysis and normal reticulocyte counts. Determination of LD isoenzymes in erythrocyte lysate revealed significantly increased LD1/LD2 ratios for patients with marked reticulocytosis compared with those for patients with normal-to-minimal increases

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45

Reddy, M. K., G. D. Heda та J. K. Reddy. "Purification and characterization of α-amylase from rat pancreatic acinar carcinoma. Comparison with pancreatic α-amylase". Biochemical Journal 242, № 3 (15 березня 1987): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2420681.

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alpha-Amylase was purified to apparent homogeneity from normal pancreas and a transplantable pancreatic acinar carcinoma of the rat by affinity chromatography on alpha-glucohydrolase inhibitor (alpha-GHI) bound to aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B. Recovery was 95-100% for both pancreas and tumour alpha-amylases. They were monomeric proteins, with Mr approx. 54000 on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing of both normal and tumour alpha-amylases resolved each into two major isoenzymes, with pI 8.3 and 8.7. Tumour-derived alpha-amylase contained two additional minor isoenzymes, with

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46

Hultberg, B., A. Isaksson, A. Lindgren, B. Israelsson та L. Brattström. "β-Hexosaminidase Isoenzymes A and B in Middle-Aged and Elderly Subjects: Determinants of Plasma Levels and Relation to Vascular Disease". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 33, № 5 (вересень 1996): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329603300506.

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Plasma/serum β-hexosaminidase (Hex) activity is known to be increased in chronic alcoholism, liver disorders, pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. Hex activity also shows an association with risk factors for vascular disease and heredity for arteriosclerosis. There are several isoenzymes of Hex. Using an enzyme immunoassay for Hex isoenzymes (Hex A and Hex B) we studied possible determinants of Hex isoenzymes and their relation to vascular disease in randomly invited ( n = 244) 35–95-year-old men and women. In both sexes there were significant age-related increases in Hex activities and men exhibi

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MITCHELL, Alyson E., Dexter MORIN, Jeffrey LAKRITZ, and A. Daniel JONES. "Quantitative profiling of tissue- and gender-related expression of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in the mouse." Biochemical Journal 325, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3250207.

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Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes from brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney and gonads of male and female CD-1 mice were identified and quantified with a combination of affinity purification, electrospray ionization MS, Edman microsequencing, Western blot analysis and reverse-phase HPLC. The three principal hepatic GST subunits, mGSTA3 (25271 Da), mGSTP1 (23478 Da), and mGSTM1 (25839 Da), were isolated from liver, lung, kidney, testes and female heart, whereas brain, ovaries and male heart contained mGSTM1 and mGSTP1. Additional isoenzymes were detected in tissues, including mu

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48

Zoellner, H. F., and N. Hunter. "Histochemical identification of the vascular endothelial isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 12 (December 1989): 1893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.12.2584695.

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Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a widely studied membrane bound ecto-enzyme with an extensive distribution in nature. Three major human isoenzymes have been defined and can be distinguished on the basis of their differential sensitivity to specific inhibitors. Despite the voluminous literature describing AP, the physiological role of this enzyme is unclear. Microvascular endothelium is strongly AP positive and may provide a convenient model for study of the role of AP in vitro. This report describes the use of freeze-substitution and high-resolution plastic embedding techniques to identify the is

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Zhou, Yixing, Michele R. Wing, John Sondek та T. Kendall Harden. "Molecular cloning and characterization of PLC-η2". Biochemical Journal 391, № 3 (25 жовтня 2005): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050839.

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PLC (phospholipase C) isoenzymes catalyse the conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 into the Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, Ins(1,4,5)P3, and the protein kinase C-activating second messenger, diacylglycerol. With the goal of identifying additional mammalian PLC isoenzymes, we screened the NCBI non-redundant database using a BLAST algorithm for novel sequences with homology with the conserved PLC catalytic core. Two unique sequences corresponding to two unknown PLC isoenzymes were identified, and one of these, designated PLC-η2, was cloned and characterized. Most of the coding sequence of PLC-η2 was c

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Bialer, M. G., D. E. Bruns, and T. E. Kelly. "Muscle enzymes and isoenzymes in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.3.427.

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Abstract Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a rare X-linked muscular dystrophy. Creatine kinase (CK) activity usually is increased in serum of affected males, but results for aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in serum have been inconsistent, as have those for CK in carrier females. There have been few studies of CK-MB or LD isoenzyme-1 (LD-1) in EDMD. We measured CK, CK-MB, LD, LD-1, and aldolase activity in sera of 84 members of two large families with EDMD. DNA analysis had been carried out on all subjects. Although CK, LD, and aldolase activities were significantly increased

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