Journal articles: 'ISO 14644'

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Burrows, Roberta. "ISO/TC 209 Tackles Revisions of ISO 14644 Standards." Journal of the IEST 61, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/1098-4321.61.1.60.

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Hartvig, Niels, Gordon Farquharson, Robert Mielke, Mark Varney, and Mike Foster. "Sampling Plan for Cleanroom Classification with Respect to Airborne Particles." Journal of the IEST 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.54.1.x034466930341406.

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The concentration of airborne particles is a critical parameter for cleanrooms, clean zones, and controlled areas. Particle concentration must be measured at representative locations for classification and monitored routinely or continuously at critical locations during operation. Both ISO 14644-1:19991 and the new Draft International Standard (DIS) edition provide nine classes of cleanliness and specify both the number of sample locations for classification and the acceptance criterion for the data. In the 1999 version of the Standard, the minimal number of sample locations is not based on statistical principles. The acceptance criterion is based on a statistical test, but only if the number of sample locations is less than 10. Thus, classification is based on statistical methods only for a small number of locations. The revised ISO/DIS 14644-12 replaces this method with a statistical principle for selection of the sample locations. The acceptance criterion in the revised version eliminates the need for applying a statistical test to the data, and thereby simplifies the classification process. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the new sampling plan for cleanroom classification and compare it with the previous approach in ISO 14644-1:1999. Section 2 of this paper presents and discusses the previous method, section 3 describes the new method in the ISO/DIS 14644-1 revision, and section 4 provides a discussion and conclusion. All of the authors are members of ISO Technical Committee (TC) 209, Working Group 1, the group of experts who developed the new ISO/DIS 14644-1. This paper was written on behalf of the entire Working Group.

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Dixon Heathman, Anne Marie, and David Ensor. "Monitoring of Nanoscale Particles in Cleanrooms: ISO 14644-12." Journal of the IEST 62, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/1557-2196-62.1.50.

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Ensor, David, Anne Marie Dixon, and Roberta Burrows. "IEST Leads Development of First ISO 14644 Nanotechnology Standard." Journal of the IEST 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/1098-4321.59.1.1.

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Gautama, Aditya, and Budiana Budiana. "PENGUKURAN PARTIKEL DI CLEANROOM TFME POLITEKNIK NEGERI BATAM MENGGUNAKAN STANDAR ISO 14644-1." JURNAL INTEGRASI 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/ji.v12i2.2476.

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Electronics Tecnology is currently developing very rapidly. Computational capabilities that continue to increase are accompanied by a decrease in the size of the electronic components used on a chip or IC (Integrated Circuit). The size of the components that have reached nanometers makes the components very sensitive to impurities in the form of particles. A special fabrication place in the form of a cleanroom is needed so that the number of impurity particles can be controlled and the damage caused by impurity particles on the product can be reduced. One of the standards used to classify a cleanroom and measure the particles in it is ISO 14644-1. In this study, particle measurements were carried out in accordance with ISO 14644-1 standards to measure the number of particles in the TFME cleanroom. The measurement results classify the cleanroom in TFME into ISO Class 7. This is consistent with the initial TFME cleanroom design, meaning that the particle filtration system is still in a good condition.

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Dixon, Anne, David Ensor, and Roberta Burrows. "IEST leads ISO 14644 Experts in Focus on Nanotechnology in Cleanrooms." Journal of the IEST 51, no. 2 (October 1, 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.51.2.g124437844147021.

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Dixon, Anne. "ISO 14644-5 Offers a One-stop Guide to Cleanroom Operations." Journal of the IEST 50, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.50.1.b004587204n32271.

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Weaver, John. "A Design for Combining Biological and Semiconductor Cleanrooms for Nanotechnology Research." Journal of the IEST 48, no. 1 (September 1, 2005): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.48.1.u511tw1843710824.

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Nanotechnology brings together various functional areas for interdisciplinary research, making it necessary for them to reside in a single facility. The conjoining of biology, biomedical engineering, and bio-nano-micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) with semiconductor and MEMS processing requires that these technologies coexist in ultraclean facilities, while the facility designs and operating practices are incompatible. This case study describes a design concept in a collaborative research environment that meets biocleanliness goals and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Class 4 particle concentrations (as defined in ISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments—Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness).

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Gibbons, Dick. "Energy efficiency in cleanrooms and separative devices: ISO 14644-16, outreach article." Journal of the IEST 63, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/1557-2196-63.1.

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Abstract The ISO 14644 family of cleanroom standards has been at the center of international cleanroom standards development for many years and covers most facets of cleanroom activity and cleanroom types from large ballroom cleanrooms to isolators and clean tunnels. The series is under constant review and is still expanding. Recent documents that have been released concern the quantification of airborne and surface chemical concentrations, nanoparticles and the selection and testing of equipment used within these rooms. However, apart from some misleading information in the original Part 4 design document, questions concerning the energy demands from air purification processing have been overlooked. Nationally, institutions such as the BSI in UK, DIN- VDI in Germany and IEST in the USA have produced limited information on the topic, but Part 16 is the first standard to be internationally agreed upon. The key new features of the standard are a) the preparation of an accurate User Requirement Specification (URS), b) a practical method for estimating the volume of supply air needed to maintain the specified ISO room classifications in operation, c) tuning and d) benchmarking. An informative annex develops three useful metrics for benchmarking: power intensity for contamination removal (PICR), fan energy intensity for contamination removal (EICR) and energy intensity (EI).

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Duarte, Nicolás, Sebastián Roa, and Francy Méndez-C. "Microbiological Air Quality in an Optical Clinic." Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/sv.vol17.iss1.2.

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Introduction: Air as a fluid is present in different spaces. It is likely to contain different pollutants, including pathogenic microorganisms, which, due to environmental factors, are dispersed in the hospital environment, where they are responsible for causing diseases in vulnerable populations. In addition to being considered a risk to health, nosocomial diseases generate very high treatment costs, ranging from 13 to 15 million pesos per illness during treatment. Objective: To determine the microbiological quality of the air in bathrooms, corridors, reception and storage of one optical clinic in Colombia. Methods: An initial visit to the clinic was carried out for a microbiological sampling of air with the MASS 100 equipment, based on a sampling route designed according to the ISO 14644 technical standard, in addition to the relative humidity and velocity percen¬tage measurements of the wind for two weeks. Bacterial characterization was verified using a Vitek automated system. Results: It was identified that 64% of the sampling sections are above the limit established by the ISO 14644 standard of colony forming units (CFU) for clean areas. This study identified 14 bacterial genera, such as Staphylococcus (26.3%), Pantoea (10.5%), and Sphingomonas (5.3%). Conclusions: Although there is a high number of CFU in the clinic’s air in the present study, most of these genera are saprophytic and opportunistic bacterial agents.

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Velickovic, Z., J. Macpherson, and J. Rasko. "The new cleanroom standard ISO 14644 part 1 and 2:2015—Impact on cell and gene therapy manufacturing facilities." Cytotherapy 19, no. 5 (May 2017): S89—S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.160.

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Suliyanto, Suliyanto, and Muradi Muradi. "PEMANTAUAN KEBERSIHAN UDARA PADA DAERAH PENGOPERASIAN INSTALASI SEL PANAS RADIOMETALURGI." Jurnal Forum Nuklir 7, no. 2 (June 7, 2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jfn.2013.7.2.3465.

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PEMANTAUAN KEBERSIHAN UDARA PADA DAERAH PENGOPERASIAN INSTALASI SEL PANAS RADIOMETALURGl. Pemantauan kebersihan udara pada daerah pengoperasian lnstalasi Sel Panas Radiometalurgi (IRM), telab dilakukan. Tujuan pemantauan adalah menentukaa tingkat kebersihan udara dan tingkat radioaktivitas a di udara daerah peagoperasian sel panas IRM. Metoda pemantauan yang digunakan adalah menghitung jumlah partikel debu berukuran 5 dan 1 mikron, serta pemantauan tingkat radioaktivitas-a secara tidak langsung menggunakan pencuplik udara. Basil pemantauan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah partikel debu yang berdiameter 5 dan 1 mikron berturul turut adalah 27 ± 2,) dan 815 ± 6,50 partikel/m3 udara, serta tingkat radioaktivitas-a di udara tanpa penundaan pencacahan sebesar 17,58 Bq/m3 udara. Kesimpulanya adalah tingkat kebersihan udara pada daerah pengoperasian set panas IRM adalab kelas 5 (menurut ISO 14644-1) atau kelas 100 (menurut FS209E) .Dari sudut pandang keselamatan radiasi tingkat radioaktivitas-a di udara (tanpa penundaan pencacahan) lebih rendah dari batasan yang di izinkan yaitu di bawah 20 Bq/m3 udara.

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Liu, De-Ling. "Evaluating Aerosol Aspiration Efficiency in Fast-moving Air." Journal of the IEST 56, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.56.2.5600210764m14370.

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Sampling representative aerosol particles in fast-moving air is a challenging task. Aerosols are significantly more massive than gas molecules, thus they might not follow air streamlines well and could be more easily subjected to sampling errors. This work examines the physical factors that govern the aspiration efficiency of an aerosol sampling probe in unidirectional moving air, and explores the plausible sampling deviations under various high air velocity scenarios. The particle sizes of 0.5 and 5 μm are of particular interest due to their use in defining air cleanliness levels in ISO 14644-1[1] and FED-STD-209.[2]* Our analytical results indicate that significant sampling errors could occur for 5-μm particles when a thick-walled sampling probe is used, or when the air velocity at the sampling probe inlet does not match the velocity of the incoming air (i.e., anisokinetic sampling). The aspiration efficiency of 0.5-μm particles, on the other hand, is nearly 100% due to sufficiently small inertia of these particles.

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Thaveau, Bernard, and Jean-Michel Vanhee. "Comparison of the Aerosol Photometer and Light Scattering Airborne Particle Counter (LSAPC) Methods for Installed Filter System Leak Testing." Journal of the IEST 63, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/1557-2196-63.1.1.

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Abstract The installed filter system leak test method for cleanrooms and clean zones is described in ISO 14644-3, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments—Part 3: Test method. Portions of the methods in ISO 14644-3 were adapted from IEST-RP-CC034.4[Schaumburg, Illinois, US: Institute of Environmental Science and Technology], which provides a set of recommended procedures for leak testing HEPA and ULPA filters in situ (in the field) with the aerosol photometer test method and the light scattering airborne particle counter (LSAPC) test method. Leak testing is performed to confirm that the final high efficiency air filter system is properly installed by verifying the absence of bypass leakage in the installation, and that the filters are free of defects (small holes and other damage in the filter medium, frame, seal and leaks in the filter bank framework). This study was conducted to compare the aerosol photometer and LSAPC methods. Testing in the study consisted of creating artificial leaks in the filter system, measuring the upstream and downstream concentrations with the aerosol photometer and with the LSAPC, and comparing the filter leak penetration results. Comparison testing was applied to the procedure for the installed terminal panel filter system leakage scan test (stationary measurement) and the procedure for evaluating overall leakage of high-airflow box-type filters mounted in a duct or air-handling unit (AHU) (overall leakage test). It was found that the aerosol photometer and the LSAPC gave similar results for filter leakage within experimental error. The comparison of the leakage scan tests (stationary measurement) showed that the penetration calculated for the channel ≥ 0.3 μm of the LSAPC with an air flow rate of 1cu ft/min (CFM) (28.3 l/min) was very similar to the penetration measured with the aerosol photometer for a leakage level >0.01 % of the upstream concentration. The comparison result of the overall leakage test showed that overall total penetration values, obtained after dilution of artificial calibrated leaks in the filter media, were identical, within the measurement uncertainty, for particles ≥0.3 μm whether the sampling rate of the LSAPC was 1 CFM (28.3 l/min) or 50 l/min. Several recommendations are provided. In particular, for filters mounted in a duct or AHU where the filter function is critical, the recommended method is the leakage scan test method, using a grid sampling method in a plane downstream of the filter (as agreed between customer and supplier).

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He, Zong-Rong, Ting-I. Lin, Po-Jui Ko, Shu-Leei Tey, Ming-Lun Yeh, Hsuan-Yin Wu, Chien-Yi Wu, Yu-Chen S. H. Yang, San-Nan Yang, and Yung-Ning Yang. "The beneficial effect of air cleanliness with ISO 14644-1 class 7 for surgical intervention in a neonatal intensive care unit." Medicine 97, no. 36 (September 2018): e12257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000012257.

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Liu, De-Ling. "Evaluating Aerosol Transmission Efficiency in a Sampling System." Journal of the IEST 56, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.56.2.5561rj6668887h43.

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This work examines the physical factors that contribute to sampling errors in an aerosol sampling system consisting of a sampling probe and a sampling line. Aerosol particles are more massive than gas molecules and therefore tend to deviate from air streamlines in response to sudden directional change, which potentially leads to sampling errors during sample transfer processes. Based on well-established studies involving particle transport and deposition, an analysis was performed to determine the sampling line transmission efficiency for 0.5- and 5-μm particles as these particle sizes are used in defining air cleanliness level in ISO 14644-1[1] and FED-STD-209E.[2]* Our analytical results indicate that significant particle losses for 5-μm particles can occur if bends exist in the sampling lines. In addition, particle losses typically can be reduced by lowering the air velocity in the sampling line, and this can be achieved by using a sampling line with a larger inner diameter (I.D.). The example calculations also showed that 0.5-μm particles, with their insignificant inertia, have nearly 100% transmission efficiency regardless of the sampling line bends.

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Lamkharbach, Yassine, Fathallah Bazi, Latifa Haji, Laila Bennani, Aicha Mourran, and Mouna Latifa Bouamrani. "Study of changing statistics model’s influence on the exploitation and conformity of results in the new standard version ISO 14644 part 1." Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN) 6, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.21533/pen.v6i2.598.

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Suyisto, Rachmat, Bambang Purwantana, and Guntarti Tatik Mulyati. "Analisis Ergonomika Penggunaan Mini Rice Combine Harvester." agriTECH 41, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.38053.

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Mini rice combine harvester adalah mesin pemanen padi yang saat ini banyak dioperasikan di lahan sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ergonomika mesin mini rice combine harvester dalam pemanenan padi di lahan sawah berukuran sempit. Pengujian ergonomika dilakukan berdasarkan karakteristik mekanis mesin dan karakteristik fisiologi operator. Karakteristik mesin diukur dari getaran mesin, polusi suara serta polusi debu yang dihasilkan. Karakteristik fisiologi operator diukur dari beban kerja yang digambarkan dengan perubahan denyut jantung kerja, suhu tubuh, kesakitan pada anggota tubuh yang dirasakan operator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harvester yang diuji mempunyai getaran mesin sebesar 14,2 m/dt2, kebisingan 92,4 dB, melebihi ambang batas kesehatan yaitu sebesar 6 m/dt2 dan 80 dB. Disarankan operasional mesin dilakukan secara bergantian operator dengan periode untuk setiap operator tidak lebih dari 1 jam. Debu yang dihasilkan menurut ISO 14644-1 termasuk kelas 6 atau bersih dan tidak membahayakan operator. Beban kerja berdasarkan pengukuran denyut jantung operator adalah sangat ringan - sedang. Hasil analisis kesakitan akibat kerja menunjukkan 14% anggotatubuh terasa sedikit sakit dan 3,3% anggota tubuh sangat sakit. Secara umum disimpulkan bahwa untuk dapat memenuhi kelayakan dari aspek ergonomi perlu dilakukan upaya perbaikan disain untuk menurunkan getaran dan kebisingan mesin.

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Chien, Tsung-Yi, Ching-Chieh Liang, Feng-Jen Wu, Chi-Tsung Chen, Ting-Hsin Pan, and Gwo-Hwa Wan. "Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption, Indoor Thermal–Hygrometric Conditions, and Air Quality for HVAC, LDAC, and RDAC Systems Used in Operating Rooms." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 3721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113721.

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As controlling temperature and humidity is crucial for maintaining comfort and preventing microbial growth, operating rooms (ORs) are the most energy-intensive areas in hospitals. We aimed to evaluate the energy consumption of three dehumidification air conditioning systems used in ORs and their corresponding air quality for ORs at rest. This study selected three ORs using a conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system; a liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) system; and a rotary desiccant air conditioning (RDAC) system, respectively. The indoor thermal–hygrometric conditions, air quality, and energy consumption of the ORs were monitored in this study. The median levels of relative humidity (RH) were 66.7% in the OR using the conventional HVAC system, 60.8% in the OR using the LDAC system, and 60.5% in the OR using the RDAC system. The median daily total energy consumption of the RDAC system (10.1 kWh/m2) and LDAC system (11.8 kWh/m2) were 28.12% and 16.54% lower, respectively, than that of the conventional HVAC system (14.1 kWh/m2). The PM≥0.5 levels and airborne bacterial concentrations in the ORs met the ISO 14644-1 Class 7 standard and China’s GB50333-2013 standard, respectively. The RDAC system was clearly superior to the LDAC and conventional HVAC systems in terms of energy consumption.

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Yohana, Eflita, Revki Romadhon, Binawan Luhung, Irwan Fernando, and M. S. K. Tony Suryo Utomo. "Cooling Load and Exergy Destruction Analysis in Air Conditioning Operation Room with Ambient Temperature Variation." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187301006.

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HVAC installations are essential to the operating room to maintain the safety of environmental conditions and provide comfort for patients and medical personnel. Operating room is a room with a class of 10,000 where the maximum number of particles in the room is 352,000 particles per cubic feet for bacteria 0.5-micrometer size (ISO 14644-1). To achieve the desired air conditions in the operating room required an air conditioning tool that is Air Handling Unit (AHU). The AHU determination shall be adjusted to the cooling load of the chamber derived from the sensible load and latent load. Exergy analysis is required to optimize a process and evaluate the device performance. The purpose of this study is to calculate the cooling load and perform the analysis of exergy destruction on Cooling Coil and Electric Heater in AHU. The calculation of cooling load uses the standard air change method. Exergy analysis uses the second law of thermodynamic concepts related to entropy. The results obtained cooling load and exergy destruction increases with the increase of ambient temperature. Maximum exergy destruction in cooling coil 1 and 2 at 35°C is 3.3 kW and 1.6 kW while in the electric heater is 0.52 kW.

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Graversen, Martin, Peter B. Pedersen, and Michael B. Mortensen. "Environmental safety during the administration of Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC)." Pleura and Peritoneum 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pp-2016-0019.

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AbstractBackground:Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is an innovative technique for intraperitoneal drug delivery. This study investigates the efficacy of the occupational health safety measures taken to prevent exposition of healthcare workers to the toxic chemotherapy aerosol.Methods:Air samples were taken at the working place of the surgeon and of the anesthetist during 2 PIPAC procedures and analyzed for content of platinum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Airborne particles were quantified in real time. Biological monitoring was performed in two surgeons after 50 PIPAC by examining blood samples for possible traces of platinum. Analysis was performed by an independent company.Results:Safety measures included tightly closed abdomen, operating room (OR), ventilation meeting requirements of ISO norm 14644–1 class 5, closed aerosol waste system and remote control of PIPAC administration. No traces of platinum were found in the air of the OR (detection limit of 0.0001 mg/filter). No specific rise in particle concentration was detected in the air during the PIPAC procedure, patient closure and removal of the sterile drapes. Blood samples of the surgeons showed no traces of platinum.Conclusions:After implementation of adequate safety measures, no signs of environmental contamination or biological exposure of the surgeons were detected during PIPAC.

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Yusof, Yusri, and Mohd Fahrurazi Mohd Nor. "Review of STEP-NC Compliant System for Turn-Mill Operations." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2827.

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Today with the latest technology the information beyond tool movement and switching instruction such as tooling, manufacturing features and process sequences are needed to support global adaptability for manufacturing with a specific focus on CNC-based manufacture This research focuses on the use of the new standard; ISO 14649 (STEP-NC), to address the process planning and machining of discrete turn/mill components and proposes a STEP Compliant NC structure for generation of ISO 14646 code which can be used for turned component manufacture. The novel application of this work is STEP-NC compliant process control where the research will utilise and extend the standard for in process measurement at the machine and also explore the application and integration of the STEP-NC standards. The major contribution of this research is the review of a computational environment for a STEPNC compliant system for turn/mill operations.

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Pobozniak, Janusz. "Automation of CNC Machine Tool Programming Using STEP-NC (ISO 14649)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 656 (October 2014): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.656.206.

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The paper presents the new possibilities of automation of CNC machine tool programming using STEP-NC (ISO 14649). The drawbacks of G-code language (ISO 6983) still widely used and the data structure of new STEP-NC standard are presented. Next, the automation possibilities, namely automatic recognition of manufacturing features based on ISO 10303 files, automatic generation of STEP-NC programs based on manufacturing features defined in ISO 10303-224/ISO 14649 and automatic modification of STEP-NC (ISO 14649) programs are presented.

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Elias, D. M., Yusri Yusof, and Mohammad Minhat. "An Open STEP-NC Controller via LabVIEW Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.873.

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In future technology in the field of advanced manufacturing, an open architecture controller in CNC system is studied. In this paper, the LabVIEW software platform is chosen and software realization methodology for the CNC system is determined for this application. This research project aims to meet the requirement of open architecture to create a CNC system based on new ISO standards of ISO 14649 and ISO 10303. As a result, open 3-Axis Mill CNC system based on component software reuse technology successfully developed. Two case studies of ISO 14649 (example 1 and example 2) were carried out through this developed system.

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Weidema, Bo Pedersen. "ISO 14044 also Applies to Social LCA." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10, no. 6 (November 2005): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/lca2005.11.002.

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Pobożniak, Janusz. "ALGORITHM FOR ISO 14649 (STEP-NC) FEATURE RECOGNITION." Management and Production Engineering Review 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mper-2013-0037.

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Abstract The paper focuses on the algorithm for the recognition of manufacturing features defined in ISO 14649 (STEP-NC). First, the features defined in STEP-NC standard are discussed and then commonly used feature recognition methods are presented. Then the developed algorithm for recognition is presented in details starting with the discussion of STEP-NC features from the point of view of their recognition. The steps of the algorithm responsible for the recognition of profile based, transition and group features are presented. The software developed to verify the algorithm is also described. The final part includes the directions for the future research works. This paper adds to the works aimed to strengthen the position and use the full benefits of this new ISO 14649 standard.

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FINKBEINER, Matthias, Atsushi INABA, Reginald B. H. TAN, Kim CHRISTIANSEN, and Hans-Jürgen KLÜPPEL. "The New International Standards for Life Cycle Assessment: ISO 14040 and ISO 14044." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 3, no. 1 (2007): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3370/lca.3.58.

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Latif, Kamran, Yusri Yusof, Qadir Bux Alias Imran Latif, S. N. S. Jamaludin, and Wan Muhammad Zaki. "New Open CNC Machine Motion Control System for ISO 14649 and ISO 6983." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 5024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.7302.

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Finkbeiner, Matthias, Atsushi Inaba, Reginald Tan, Kim Christiansen, and Hans-Jürgen Klüppel. "The New International Standards for Life Cycle Assessment: ISO 14040 and ISO 14044." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2006): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/lca2006.02.002.

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Koffler, Christoph, Ben Amor, Michael Carbajales-Dale, Joseph Cascio, Alison Conroy, James A. Fava, Caroline Gaudreault, et al. "On the reporting and review requirements of ISO 14044." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-019-01706-7.

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Chung, Dae-Hyuk, and Suk-Hwan Suh. "ISO 14649-based nonlinear process planning implementation for complex machining." Computer-Aided Design 40, no. 5 (May 2008): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2008.01.009.

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Panagiotakopoulos, Panagiotis, Angela Espinosa, and Jon Walker. "Integrated sustainability management for organizations." Kybernetes 44, no. 6/7 (June 1, 2015): 984–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2014-0291.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose the Viable System Model (VSM) as an effective model to base the analysis of organizational sustainability (long-term viability). It is specifically proposed as a model to integrate the various sustainability tools, and as the basis for designing a unified Sustainability Management System. Design/methodology/approach – The VSM is used as an organizational model to examine three prominent sustainability standards: ISO 26000, ISO 14001 and ISO 14044. A generic manufacturing company is used as a template; and its typical business processes are related to each of the VSM’s components. Each clause of the three sustainability standards is then mapped on to the VSM model. These three models are integrated into one, by analysing the differences, similarities and complementarities in the context of each VSM component, and by identifying common invariant functions. Findings – In all, 12 generic sustainability functions are identified. ISO 26000 has the widest scope; ISO 14001 is focused primarily on internal measurement and control (System 3), while ISO 14044 is a complex performance indicator at the System 3 level. There is a general absence of System 2. Each standard can be regarded as a distinct management layer, which needs to be integrated with the Business Management layer. Research limitations/implications – Further research is needed to explore the specifics of integration. Practical implications – This integration should not be based on creating distinct roles for each management layer. Originality/value – The paper uses the insights of organizational cybernetics to examine prominent sustainability standards and advance sustainability management at the business level.

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Yusof, Yusri, and Kamran Latif. "A New ISO 14649 Translation Module for Open Architecture CNC Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.878.

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The Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines works on the technology that uses minicomputers to generate, parse and execute the sequential control. These machines were introduced in 1970’s, this technology replaces the Numerical Control (NC) with the computers. The controller is the main part of the CNC machine that is composed of two parts: software and hardware. The software part of the controller is commonly known as interpreter that translates the International Standards Organization (ISO) data interface model instructions to the hardware part of the controller. Todays commercial CNC systems are operated by ISO 6983 data interface model that is proved to be a low level language and beside that these CNC systems are found to be closed in nature due to the dependency on vendors specification. Due to these shortcomings the current systems are fail to achieve the targets of future CNC system. In order to overcome these problems and limitations the new data interface model and Open Architecture Control (OAC) technology were introduceds. In this paper a new translator for the interpretation of ISO 14649-21 for OAC CNC systems has been presented. This module interprets the data from STEP-NC code and translates as per required structure of CNC machine. Developed module also enables the on machine modification facilities and provides a platform to generate physical output file in .txt and .xml formats as per user defined structure. The development of these kind of systems will makes CNC system more open, flexible, adoptable, interoperable, and intelligent.

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TANAKA, Fumiki, Takeshi KISHINAMI, and Satoshi MITSUI. "Research for ISO 14649 Machining system and transforming system from ISO6983." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2004.5 (2004): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2004.5.321.

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Struhala, Karel, Zuzana Stránská, Libor Matějka, and Jan Pěnčík. "Environmental Assessment of Production of Thermal Insulation Block from Secondary Raw Materials." Advanced Materials Research 683 (April 2013): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.444.

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The aim of the research carried out under the grant FAST-J-12-1773 is the optimization of the proposed mass production of newly developed thermal insulation composite material in terms of its impact on the environment without causing a disproportionate increase in costs. This paper presents current results of research - life cycle assessment (LCA) of the production of thermal insulation block made of composite plastic. LCA methodology that was used for this assessment is contained in international standards ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.

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Kassim, Noordiana, Yusri Yusof, Nazri Mohd Nawi, and Mohd Zakiyamani Awang. "The Development of New STEP-NС Code Generator (Milling STEP Coder)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.667.

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This research explored ISO 14649 together with ISO 6983 and utilize STEP-NC in overcoming the problems of G & M code and at the same time take advantage of the current advances in computing and controllers. A new STEP-NC Code Generator called Milling STEP Coder, which focuses on the milling process that are able to generate STEP-NC codes based on ISO 14649 Part 11 was developed. This system also has the capabilities to visualize the STEP-NC codes generated in a parent to child relationship tree-view structure, as well as give an image visualization of how the end machining will appears. The developed Milling STEP Coder uses Software Prototyping Model as its software development methodology, instead of the normal waterfall model, as prototype is a valuable mechanism for gaining better understanding of the system requirements. A small-scale mock up of the system was developed following an iterative modification process. The advantages of the proposed Milling STEP Coder program was verified and evaluated. The Milling STEP Coder can generates STEP-NC codes through a STEP-NC compliant interface and will give industries and academician more in-depth understanding and confidence to make the switch from G & M code to STEP-NC.

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Zhang, Xizhuo, Longfei Zhang, Yujun Yuan, and Qiang Zhai. "Life Cycle Assessment on Wave and Tidal Energy Systems: A Review of Current Methodological Practice." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051604.

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Recent decades have witnessed wave and tidal energy technology receiving considerable attention because of their low carbon emissions during electricity production. However, indirect emissions from their entire life cycle should not be ignored. Therefore, life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely applied as a useful approach to systematically evaluate the environmental performance of wave and tidal energy technologies. This study reviews recent LCA studies on wave and tidal energy systems for stakeholders to understand current status of methodological practice and associated inherent limitations and reveal future research needs for application of LCA on wave and tidal technologies. The conformance of the selected LCAs to ISO 14040 (2006) and 14044 (2006) are critically analyzed in strict accordance with the ISO stepwise methodologies, namely, goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, as well as life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). Our systematically screening of these studies indicates that few of the selected studies are of strict conformance with ISO 14040 and 14044 standards, which makes the results unreliable and thus further reduces the confidence of interested stakeholders. Further, our review indicates that current LCA practice on wave and tidal energies is lacking consideration of temporal variations, which should be addressed in future research, as it causes inaccuracy and uncertainties.

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Liu, Ri Liang, Cheng Rui Zhang, A. Nassehi, and S. T. Newman. "A STEP-NC Programming System for Prismatic Parts." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 1108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.1108.

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To comply with STEP-NC (ISO 14649), a new paradigm for NC programming, many computer systems involved in NC manufacture are required to reshape in both functionality and structure. This paper reports a feature-based NC programming system for prismatic parts to be machined using STEP-NC machine tools. The proposed system consists of three functional modules, i.e. a feature-based modeler, a process planner and a part program generator. The modeler provides a graphical environment for the part model, which is created by adding manufacturing features on a 2.5 D sweep primitive shape. The process planner determines which operations are to be performed for the features, generates workingsteps and then produces a reasonable workplan. Finally both the geometrical and the process information are passed to the part program generator to form a complete ISO 14649-compliant file. The proposed system is demonstrated through the generation of the STEP-NC part program for an example part, and major issues such as the feature-operation mapping and the workingstep sequencing etc are also addressed in this paper.

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Zhao, Gang, Xinjie Zhang, Oleksandr Zavalnyi, Yazui Liu, and Wenlei Xiao. "Extended roughing operations to ISO 14649-11 for milling T-spline surfaces." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 102, no. 9-12 (March 9, 2019): 4319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03468-w.

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Franco Rodriguez, Julio Mario, Luis Hernán Ordoñez Noriega, Israel Herrera Orozco, and Alfonso Torres Ortega. "Análisis de Ciclo de Vida para la producción de biodiesel derivado de palma de aceite caso colombiano." Publicaciones e Investigación 13, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/25394088.3262.

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La producción de biodiesel a partir de aceite vegetal derivado de palma africana requiere diferentes procesos los cuales podrían provocar daños ambientales, como las emisiones atmosféricas, la acidificación, la desertificación y el vertido de aguas residuales, que contribuyen al cambio climático. En este trabajo se realiza el análisis del ciclo de vida (ACV) para la producción de biodiesel a partir de aceite vegetal, utilizando la metodología de la norma técnica ISO 14044, para lo cual fue necesario realizar un análisis de inventario considerando las materias primas y la energía para cada proceso. El análisis del ciclo de vida "de la cuna a la puerta", busca la evaluación de impactos ambientales mediante el uso del software SimaPro permitiendo identificar las fases con mayor impacto, además se generan recomendaciones para optimizar la cadena de producción y mitigación de las cargas medioambientales relevantes. Según la evaluación del ciclo de vida usando la metodología ISO 14044 para las diferentes categorías de impacto que se evaluaron, se concluye que la actividad con el mayor impacto ambiental es la extracción de aceite de la palma. Hay cargas favorables para el medio ambiente que se producen por la recirculación de insumos como el metanol; asimismo, en la fase de reacción, se generó glicerina, este subproducto se utiliza en la industria farmacéutica.

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Shin, Seung-Jun, Jumyung Um, Joo-Sung Yoon, Suho Jeong, Jae-Min Cha, Suk-Hwan Suh, and Dae-Hyuk Chung. "Developing ISO 14649-based conversational programming system for multi-channel complex machine tools." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 22, no. 6 (June 2009): 562–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09511920902992991.

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Alaoui, Siham. "La normalisation et la gestion intégrée des documents (GID) : quelle relation ? Réflexion sur les normes ISO 30300, ISO 30301, ISO 14641 et leur apport à l’implantation des systèmes de GID." Archives 47, no. 1 (November 9, 2017): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041824ar.

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Les organisations se servent des documents produits et reçus quotidiennement pour la réalisation effective de leurs activités. Avec la production documentaire en croissance exponentielle, ces organisations tendent à implanter des systèmes de gestion documentaire dans l’objectif de pallier les différents problèmes liés à la gestion, au repérage et à la conservation des documents. Au Québec, les organisations ont commencé à implanter des systèmes de gestion intégrée des documents (GID), visant à gérer les documents dans la diversité de leurs supports et tout au long de leur cycle de vie. La nature complexe de ces systèmes remet en question leur implantation réussie, d’où la nécessité de se doter de lignes directrices ou d’un cadre normatif servant à piloter ces projets. Les normes de l’Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO), soit ISO 30300 et ISO 30301 pour les systèmes de gestion des documents d’activité, ainsi que l’ISO 14641 pour l’archivage légal et probatoire des documents constituent un cadre normatif pertinent pour l’implantation réussie et l’utilisation effective des systèmes de GID dans les organisations. Cet article présente une réflexion sur l’apport de ces normes à l’implantation de ces systèmes, en partant de la perspective québécoise en archivistique.

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Saade, Marcella Ruschi Mendes, Maristela Gomes da Silva, and Vanessa Gomes da Silva. "Impact distribution methods’ use in multifunctional Life Cycle Assessments: a systematic literature review." PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/parc.v8i4.8650295.

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Uma questão controversa em ACV é a escolha do método de distribuição de impactos nos processos multifuncionais, isto é: que geram mais de um produto ou serviço. A ISO 14044:2006 sugere que se tente evitar a alocação, utilizando: (i) divisão do processo multifuncional em dois ou mais subprocessos unitários; ou (ii) expansão do sistema de produto para incluir as funções adicionais relativas aos co-produtos. Caso isto não seja possível, as entradas e saídas do sistema devem ser divididas com base em alguma relação física fundamental entre produtos. Caso a relação física não seja identificada, os fluxos devem ser divididos refletindo outras relações entre produtos, por exemplo, seu valor econômico. Este artigo visa delinear um panorama científico do uso de métodos de distribuição de 2006 a 2016. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura e documentou-se a frequência de escolha dos métodos nos estudos realizados no período considerado. Os resultados revelaram uma falta de consenso entre praticantes de ACV. A maioria dos estudos adota a abordagem do impacto evitado (equivalente à expansão do sistema), enquanto o primeiro passo proposto pela ISO 14044 (subdivisão) foi o método menos usado. Nossa avaliação confirmou que o problema de distribuição de impactos é tipicamente solucionado de forma contrária ao encaminhamento teórico proposto na norma, sugerindo uma oportunidade de reflexão e reformulação.

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Ho, K. H., S. T. Newman, and R. D. Allen. "STEP-NC compliant information modelling for wire electrical discharge machining component manufacture." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x32751.

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Over the last five years, a great deal of research effort has been concentrated on the development of a new data model ISO 14649, informally known as STEP-NC. It has been strongly argued that STEP-NC has huge implications on the integration of the computer-aided design/computer-aided process planning/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAPP/CAM) (CAx) systems, giving the opportunity to realize interoperable computer numerical control (CNC) manufacturing. This is largely owing to the data model, which provides the capability to revolutionize the current state of the art in CNC manufacturing by offering a bi-directional interface with a high-level description of the geometrical and manufacturing information. This paper provides a view of how these STEP-NC compliant information models can be used to support the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) CAD to the CNC process chain. The models are based on part 13 of the ISO 14649 standard, which is dedicated to the WEDM process, together with part 10 of the standard, which specifies the general machining information. The information models have been identified and their structures have been defined and modelled using the unified modelling language (UML). A STEP-NC compliant WEDM CAx prototype system, based on the Java and the object-oriented database management system (DBMS) ObjectStore, has been constructed with an example case study to demonstrate the information models.

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Klöpffer, Walter. "The critical review of life cycle assessment studies according to ISO 14040 and 14044." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 17, no. 9 (April 24, 2012): 1087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0426-7.

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Liu, Ri Liang, Xian Zhi Zhang, and Cheng Rui Zhang. "Design and Implementation of a Data Processing and Visualization System for STEP-NC Programs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1015.

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Over the last decade a new data interface for CAM/CNC integration has been established to replace ISO 6983. The new standard, ISO 14649 (STEP-NC), provides a comprehensive data model that describes both geometrical and technological information in an object-oriented way. In order to bridge the gap between such rich-information programs and the legacy CNC systems, this paper presents a framework for manipulating the manufacturing data in STEP-NC part programs. The proposed system provides a basic platform for STEP-NC program interpretation, geometry visualization, micro-process planning and program re-generation. Major issues relating to the realization of manufacturing information extraction and shop-floor-level process planning are addressed in particular, and a prototype for STEP-NC turning process is implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.

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Zhang, Cheng Rui, and Ri Liang Liu. "On CNC Machining and Part Program Preprocessing Based on STEP-NC." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.326.

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STEP-NC is a new CAM/CNC interface and an extension of STEP into numerical control machining. It has been partly formed into draft international standard (ISO 14649) and is expected to replace ISO 6983 in the near future. In the first section of this paper, the STEP-NC data model is analyzed and those parts that are relevant to NC milling process are abstracted. Then issues involved in NC part machining based on STEP-NC paradigm are discussed including NC programming and the machine control. Based on the analysis, a prototype system is outlined and partly developed with libraries and software tools in ST-Developer environment to interpret the part program into internal data format and to assist the shop floor level planning. Finally the user interface of this system is introduced.

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Li, Peng, Tian Liang Hu, and Cheng Rui Zhang. "Development of an Ontology-Based and STEP-Compliant Intelligent CNC System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 141 (November 2011): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.141.251.

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STEP-NC (ISO 14649) is a newly developed and feature-based machine tool control language for CNC controller. In contrast with conventional G&M code (ISO 6983), this new data model could almost transmit all the designing and planning information for machining parts through CAD&CAPP&CAM to CNC. However, STEP-NC is feasible but not enough to support some intelligent actions such as self-planning, self-learning, decision-making, etc. A complete and well-structured knowledge base is urgently needed to be established to support CNC intelligence. The main work of this paper is focused on two fields: i) An extraction, presentation and utilization mechanism for ontology-based machining knowledge is implemented. ii) A novel framework for STEP-Compliant and knowledge-base supported intelligent CNC controller is proposed.

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Aristizabal-Alzate, Carlos Esteban, and José Luís González Manosalva. "Effectiveness analysis of the ITM environmental programs: saving and efficient use of electric energy and water, and comprehensive solid waste management. A case study." DYNA 85, no. 207 (October 1, 2018): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v85n207.69309.

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Universities are complex organizations, so when implementing an EMS and adopting strategies, methodologies and programs they must involve the entire university system to minimize the negative impacts on the environment and, thus, lead the search for sustainable or carbon neutral organizations. Carbon Footprint was used as an indicator to measure the sustainability effectiveness of the environmental programs implemented and promoted by the EMS-ITM and how they mitigate the emission of GHGs. The calculation of this indicator was developed following ISO 14040-14044 and ISO 14064, for the ITM-Robledo campus and for the period 2015-2017. The results show the relevance and the reduction in the GHG emission levels achieved by the environmental programs studied, especially by the comprehensive solid waste management program, with which the highest levels of mitigation are achieved.

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Zhang, Li Yan. "Machining Feature-Based CAD/CAPP for STEP-NC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.591.

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ISO 14649, known as STEP-NC, is new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines. In this paper, the modeling based on machining feature is proposed. The machining feature comes from the manufacturing process considering the restriction of machining technology and machining resource. Then the framework for computer aided process planning is presented, where the algorithms of operation planning is studied. The practical example has been provided and results indicate that machining feature based model can integrate with CAPP and STEP-NC seamlessly.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ISO 14644'

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