Relevant bibliographies by topics / ISM band 2

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'ISM band 2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "ISM band 2"

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Abdulhussein, Nabil, and Abdulkareem Abdullah. "Design of a Wide Dual-Band Coplanar Probe Feed Antenna for WLANs Applications." 3D SCEEER Conference sceeer, no. 3d (July 1, 2020): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.sceeer.3rd.2.

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This paper presents a new design to obtain wide dual-band operation from a coplanar probe feed antenna loaded with two shorted walls. The lower band of proposed antenna has a 10 dB bandwidth of 611 MHz (24.18%) around the center frequency 2527MHz, and the upper band has a bandwidth of 1255 MHz (27.88%) around the center frequency 4501MHz. The obtained bandwidths cover WLANs operations on all bands. The bandwidth of the first operating frequency covers ISM band (2400-2483.5) MHz, which is required by IEEE 802.11b, g and Bluetooth standards, and the bandwidth of the second operating frequency covers U-NII1 (5150-5350) MHz band, which is required by IEEE 802.11a and HiperLAN2 standards, and also covers U-NII2 (5470-5725) MHz and U-NII3/ISM (5725-5825) MHz bands, which are required by IEEE 802.11a standard. A three dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3-D FDTD) method is employed to analyze the proposed structure and find its performance. The simulated results are compared with the experimental results.
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Wu, Chih-Kuang, Tsung-Fu Chien, Chin-Lung Yang, and Ching-Hsing Luo. "Design of Novel S-Shaped Quad-Band Antenna for MedRadio/WMTS/ISM Implantable Biotelemetry Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/564092.

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A novel S-shaped quad-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed for implantable biotelemetry in the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio) band (401–406 MHz), Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) band (1427–1432 MHz), and industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands (433-434 MHz and 2.4–2.4835 GHz). The proposed antenna reveals compact dimension of 254 mm3(10×10×2.45 mm3) and is composed of three substrates and a superstrate, which are constructed from an S-shaped radiator (layer 1) and two twin radiators of spiral structures (layer 2 and layer 3). The optimal antenna characteristics were measured in the ground pork skin, and the measured bandwidths are 150 MHz for the MedRadio and ISM bands (433 MHz), 52 MHz for the WMTS band, and 102 MHz for the ISM band (2.4 GHz), respectively. The characteristics of proposed antenna are enough to support the applications of implantable body area networks (BAN) for biotelemetry and can completely cover main available frequency bands of BAN for biotelemetry below 3 GHz.
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Singla, Geetanjali, Rajesh Khanna, and Davinder Parkash. "CPW fed rectangular rings-based patch antenna with DGS for WLAN/UNII applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 5-6 (February 21, 2019): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000023.

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AbstractThe spectral congestion in existing Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands has led to the emergence of new ISM bands (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)) from 5.150 to 5.710 GHz. In this paper, a simple uniplanar, high gain, microstrip antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested for existing WLAN and new UNII standards. The proposed antenna provides dualband operation by joining two rectangular rings and cutting Defected Ground Structure in the Coplanar Wave Guide (CPW) feed. The experimental and simulation results show good return loss characteristics and stable radiation pattern over the desired frequency bands ranging from 2.20 to 2.65 GHz (WLAN band) at a lower frequency and from 5.0 to 5.45 GHz (UNII-1/UNII-2 bands). The measured peak gains are 5.5 and 4.9 dBi at 2.45 GHz (WLAN band) and 5.15 GHz (UNII band), respectively.
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Zahraoui, I., A. Errkik, M. C. Abounaima, A. Tajmouati, L. E. Abdellaoui, and M. Latrach. "A New Planar Multiband Antenna for GPS, ISM and WiMAX Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp2018-2026.

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In this paper a design of a new antenna with modified ground plane is validated for multiband applications. The proposed modified ground structure is incorporated with a patch antenna to boost the performance. The antenna’s entire area is 59.5x47mm<sup>2</sup> and is printed on an FR-4 substrate and fed by a 50 Ohm microstrip line. This structure is validated in the GPS (1.56-1.58 GHz) band at 1.57 GHz, in the ISM (2.43-2.49 GHz) band at 2.45GHz and in the WiMAX (3.50-3.56 GHz) band at 3.53 GHz. These three frequency bands have good matching input impedance for, S11≤-10 dB. The antenna presents a good performance in terms of radiation pattern, and it is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using CST-MW whose results are compared with other solvers HFSS and ADS. The results obtained by the use of the three EM solvers are in good agreement. After realization, we have tested and validated this antenna. The measurement results of the antenna present a good agreement with the numerical results.
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Mansour, Mohamed M., Shota Torigoe, Shuya Yamamoto, and Haruichi Kanaya. "Compact and Simple High-Efficient Dual-Band RF-DC Rectifier for Wireless Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151764.

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(1) Background: This work presents a high-efficiency, high sensitivity, compact rectifier based on a dual-band impedance matching network that employs a simple and straightforward T-matching circuit, for sub-1 GHz license-free applications. The development of a low-cost RF energy harvester dedicated to the ISM bands is introduced. The proposed rectifier design is optimized to operate at the sub-GHz frequency bands (0.9 to 2.4 GHz), specifically those at the ISM 900 and 2400 MHz. The motivation for this band is due to the low attenuation, well-known fundamental electromagnetic theories and background, and several wireless communications are emitting at those bands, such as RFID (2). Methods: The rectifier design is based on a simple, balanced single-series diode connected with a T-matching circuit. The dual-band performance is achieved by deploying reactive elements in each branch. The full mathematical analysis and simulation results are discussed in the manuscript. (3) Results: The rectifier can achieve a 80 MHz bandwidth around 920 MHz frequency and 200 MHz around the higher band 2.4 GHz. The resultant conversion efficiency level is maintained above 45% at both bands with a peak efficiency reaches up to 70% at the higher band. The optimum terminal load attached to the circuit at which the peak efficiency is achieved, is given as 4.7 kΩ. (4) Conclusion: Due to the compactness and small footprint, simple design, and simple integration with microwave circuits, the proposed rectifier architecture might find several potential applications in wireless RF energy harvesting.
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Jain, Chahat, and Saroop Singh. "Feed Point Optimization of Koch–Minkowski Hybrid Boundary antenna for ISM Band." Wireless Personal Communications 108, no. 4 (May 9, 2019): 2403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06528-2.

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Al-Obaidi, Mohammed K., Ezri Mohd, Noorsaliza Abdullah, Samsul Haimi Dahlan, and Jawad Ali. "Design and implementation of microstrip rotman lens for ISM band applications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i1.1392.

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This work presents the design and implementation of Rotman lens as a beam steering device for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications. 2.45 GHz is considered as a center frequency design with (2-6) GHz frequency bandwidth. The beam steering is examined to cover ±21o scan angle with maximum main lobe magnitude 10.1 dBi, rectangular patch antennas are used as radiation elements to beam the output far field. The work is extended to compare between the tapered line which is used for matching between 50-Ω ports and lens cavity. CST microwave simulation studio results show that the rectangular taper line can yield 2 dB return loss less than linear taper line with a little bit shifting in responses for same input and load impedance.
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Madhav, Boddapati T. P., Shaik Rajiya, Badugu P. Nadh, and Munuswami S. Kumar. "Frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna with DGS for ISM band applications." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2018-0041.

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Abstract In this article a compact frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented for wireless communication applications of industrial, scientific and medical band (ISM). The proposed antenna model is designed with the dimensions of 58mm×48 mm on FR4 epoxy of dielectric constant 4.4 with the thickness of 0.8 mm. The proposed antenna consists of defected T-shape ground plane, which acts as a reflector. In the design of frequency reconfigurable antenna, BAR 64-02V PIN diodes are used as switching elements and antenna is fed by microstrip transmission line. The proposed antenna can switch at different frequencies (2.5 GHz, 2.3 GHz and 2.2 GHz) depending on the biasing voltage applied to the PIN diodes. The current antenna showing VSWR < 2 in the operating band and providing peak realized gain of 3.2 dBi. A good matching obtained between expected and the measured results.
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Gupta, Monish, Vikas Mittal, Jyoti Saxena, and Sushma Gupta. "Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for ISM Band Using Complementary Split Ring Resonator." Wireless Personal Communications 109, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 2251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06679-2.

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Khan, Faisal A., Chris Rizos, and Andrew G. Dempster. "Locata Performance Evaluation in the Presence of Wide- and Narrow-Band Interference." Journal of Navigation 63, no. 3 (May 28, 2010): 527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331000007x.

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Classically difficult positioning environments often call for augmentation technology to assist the GPS, or more generally the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology. The “Locata” ground-based ranging technology offers augmentation, and even replacement, to GPS in such environments. However, like any other system relying on wireless technology, a Locata positioning network also faces issues in the presence of RF interference (RFI). This problem is magnified due to the fact that Locata operates in the licence-free 2·4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The licence-free nature of this band attracts a much larger number of devices using a wider range of signal types than for licensed bands, resulting in elevation of the noise floor. Also, harmonics from out-of-band signals can act as potential interferers. WiFi devices operating in this band have been identified as the most likely potential interferer, due partially to their use of the whole ISM band, but also because Locata applications often also may use a wireless network. This paper evaluates the performance of Locata in the presence of both narrow- and wide-band interfering signals. Effects of received interference on both raw measurements and final solutions are reported and analysed. Test results show that Locata performance degrades in the presence of received interference. It is also identified that high levels of received interference can affect Locata carriers even if the interference is not in co-frequency situation with the affected carrier. Finally, Locata characteristics have been identified which can be exploited to mitigate RFI issues.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ISM band 2"

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Šimka, Marek. "Lokalizace uvnitř budov pomocí technologie LoRa." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442421.

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This diploma thesis focuses on possible utilization of LoRa (Long Range) technology for indoor localization purposes. In this thesis, the starter kit SK-iM282A is used to create a LoRa-based wireless link in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Main attention is focused on the experimental localization using the RSSI method in the various transmission environments, including a description of the localization principle, the procedure of processing the measured data and the evaluation of localized coordinates. The rightness of the proposed measurement setup and methodology is verified by extensive measurements in various environments and compared with state-of-the-art article.
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Kaučiarik, Filip. "Koexistence systémů LoRa a Wi-Fi v RF pásmu 2.4 GHz." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413107.

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Diplomová práca sa zaoberá štúdiom koexistencie, ktorá môže nastať medzi bezdrôtovými komunikačnými systémami LoRa a Wi-Fi v bezlicenčnom ISM pásme 2,4 GHz. V teoretickej časti práce sú stručne popísané fyzické vrstvy obidvoch systémov. Následne sú definované spoločné frekvenčné pásma a koexistenčné scenáre, ktoré môžu vzniknúť medzi uvažovanými systémami v spoločnom rádiofrekvenčnom (RF) pásme. V experimentálnej časti práce je prezentované laboratórne meracie pracovisko, ktoré bolo navrhnuté na meranie rôznych koexistenčných scenárov medzi technológiou LoRa a Wi-Fi. Funkčnosť navrhnutej koncepcie je overená experimentálnym meraním. Výsledky meraní sú detailne komentované a prezentované. Je navrhnutá laboratórna úloha a vzorový protokol pre vzdelávacie účely v Laboratóriu Mobilných a Bezdrôtových komunikácií.
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Books on the topic "ISM band 2"

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Bovee and Thill. Management: Test Bank, IBM 3 1/2". McGraw Hill Higher Education, 1993.

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Geringer, Bernhard, and Hanz-Peter Lenz, eds. 39. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium 26.-27. April 2018. VDI Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186807120.

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Dieser zweibändige Bericht macht die Vorträge des 39. Internationalen Wiener Motorensymposiums (26./27. April 2018) einer breiten Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Ziel der Wiener Motorensymposien ist es, Themen von besonderer Aktualität auf dem Gebiet des Verbrennungsmotors zu behandeln. Das Werk befasst sich mit den im Inhaltsverzeichnis aufgelisteten Themen (s.u.). Herausgeber ist der Österreichische Verein für Kraftfahrzeugtechnik (ÖVK), Wien. Band 1 enthält alle Vorträge und Artikel des 1. Tags. Band 2 enthält alle Vorträge und Artikel des 2. Tags. ...
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Zellenberg, Ulrich. Österreichisches Bundesverfassungsrecht. Edited by Kark Korinek, Michael Holoubek, Christoph Bezemek, Claudia Fuchs, and Andrea Martin. Verlag Österreich, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/9783704687425.

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Der von Karl Korinek und Michael Holoubek begründete Großkommentar bietet traditionell eine ebenso umfassende wie profunde Aufarbeitung des österreichischen Verfassungsrechts. Was vor mehr als zwanzig Jahren als Pionierprojekt begonnen hat, ist mittlerweile zum bestimmenden Referenzwerk für Wissenschaft und Praxis geworden. Der zwischenzeitlich um Christoph Bezemek, Claudia Fuchs, Andrea Martin und Ulrich E. Zellenberg ergänzte Kreis der Herausgeberinnen und Herausgeber verfolgt nach wie vor konsequent jenen Anspruch, der das Werk seit jeher ausgezeichnet hat: die Verbindung von unbedingter wissenschaftlicher Exzellenz mit größtmöglicher Aktualität. In zehn laufend ergänzten und aktualisierten Teilbänden vermessen führende Vertreterinnen und Vertreter des öffentlichen Rechts aus Wissenschaft und Praxis sämtliche Bestandteile der Grundordnung der Republik. Sie machen den "Korinek/Holoubek" damit nicht nur zu einem Zentralwerk der österreichischen Rechtsdogmatik, sondern auch zum Ankerpunkt jeder akademisch fundierten Auseinandersetzung mit der österreichischen Bundesverfassung. Die 16. Lieferung (Februar 2021) umfasst: Art 7/1 S 3, 4 (Benjamin Kneihs) Art 7/3, Art 7/4 (Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer/Melina Oswald) Art 10 Abs 1 Z 15 2. Tb (Markus Vasek) Art 10 Abs 1 Z 6 1. Tb (Andreas Wimmer) Art 30a (Christoph Konrath/Rosi Posnik) Art 47 (Christoph Bezemek) Art 59a (Kucsko-Stadlmayer/Melina Oswald) Art 83 Abs 2 (David Leeb) Art 85 (Alexandra Kunesch) Art 95 (Kucsko-Stadlmayer/Melina Oswald) Art 100 (Thomas Müller) Art 105, Art 106 (Gerhart Wielinger) Art 126 (Barbara Leitl-Staudinger) Art 129, Art 130/1 (Harald Eberhard) BVG ÄmterLReg (Gerhart Wielinger) GRC Art 43 (Marcus Klamert) 6. ZPEMRK Art 1-4, 13. ZPEMRK Art 1-4 (Alexandra Kunesch) Aufbau des Gesamtwerkes: Band I/1: Art 1 bis 12 B-VG Band I/2: Art 13 bis 49b B-VG Band I/3: Art 50 bis 81c B-VG Band I/4: Art 82 bis 128 B-VG Band I/5: Art 129 bis 152 B-VG Band II/1: Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention samt Protokollen, Charta der Grundrechte Band II/2: Staatsgrundgesetz über die allgemeinen Rechte der Staatsbürger, BVG zum Schutz der persönlichen Freiheit sowie weitere Grundrechte (zB Grundrecht auf Datenschutz) Band III/1: Kommentar zum sonstigen Bundesverfassungsrecht: Internationale Beziehungen - Demokratische Grundordnung - Finanzverfassung - Staatsorganisation - Verfassungsaufträge und Staatszielbestimmungen - Energieverfassungsrecht Bände IV/1 und IV/2: Archiv
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Simon, Gleeson, and Guynn Randall. Part I Elements of Bank Resolution Regimes, 2 Bank Resolution Techniques. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199698011.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the available ‘toolkits’—or mechanisms—for resolving all types of banks and their affiliates, with the caveat that such tools can only be implemented on a case-by-case basis. In order to demonstrate the coverage of these methods, the hierarchy of approaches to bank failure is as follows: sale of the business by the purchase of assets and the assumption of liabilities (i.e. a purchase and assumption transaction), write-down or conversion of long-term unsecured debt into equity (bail-in), liquidation, and state aid (bail-out). Additionally, the normal state of resolution for a business in the commercial world is a restructuring in which creditors consent to a variation in their rights in order to maximize the residual value of an insolvent commercial company for the collective benefit of all its stakeholders and preserve its critical operations for the benefit of the broader market—a method that should be adapted for use in the banking industry.
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Thiele, Clemens. GGV und HMA Österreichisches und Europäisches Design- und Musterschutzrecht - Band 2. Verlag Österreich, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/9783704686596.

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Systematischer Praxiskommentar zum Musterschutzrecht Dieses Werk vervollständigt den auf zwei Bände angelegten "Österreichischen und Europäischen Designrechtskommentar". Das Gesamtwerk bietet Anwenderinnen und Anwendern einen systematischen Praxiskommentar für einen schnellen Zugriff auf Lösungen, die mit der Rechtsprechung und den unionsrechtlichen Vorgaben im Einklang stehen. Kernstück von Band II bildet die Kommentierung der Gemeinschaftsgeschmacksmusterverordnung (GGV). Diese hat vor fast zwanzig Jahren ein unionsweites Recht des geistigen Eigentums, das sogenannte Gemeinschaftsgeschmacksmuster (GGM) oder - moderner ausgedrückt - das Unionsdesign geschaffen. Ein auf die einzelne Regelung abgestimmtes Literaturverzeichnis sowie ein klares Gliederungsschema erleichtern den raschen Zugriff auf Tatbestandelemente und Rechtsfolgen. Ein verfahrensrechtlicher Abschnitt rundet die Kommentierung ab. Der zweite Teil des Werkes enthält die durchgängige Erläuterung des Haager Musterabkommens (HMA). Über 1.200 Entscheidungen von EuGH, EuG, EGMR, OGH, BGH, BPatG, österr und dt OLG sowie LG, BK-EUIPO und NA-EUIPO wurden in das Werk systematisch eingearbeitet und verständlich gemacht.
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Abu Bakar, Abu Sufian, Shazida Mohd Khan, Ahmad Zafrullah Abd Jalil, and Asan Ali Golam Hassan. Urusan wang, perbankan dan kewangan analisis mikroekonomi. UUM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9833282997.

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Buku ini mengandungi 13 bab dalam empat bahagian utama. Bahagian Pertama mengandungi 2 bab, Bab 1 menjelaskan pengenalan kepada wang bermula dari sejarah penciptaan wang sehinggalah kepada pentakrifan wang. Bab 2 membincangkan tentang sistem kewangan dan tumpuan diberi kepada sistem kewangan di Malaysia serta perbandingan teori. Permasalahan kadar bunga, pulangan dan penentuannya diterangkan secara mendalam di dalam Bab 3 dan Bab 4. Struktur sistem kewangan dijelaskan peranannya kepada ekonomi sehingga kepada pewujudan sistem perbankan yang terdiri dari bank Perdangangan sehingga kepada proses penciptaan deposit ; Bank Pusat tumpuan terhadap Bank Negara Malaysia; bank Perdangangan di Malaysia ; dan Sistem kewangan tanpa Faedah dijelaskan di Bab 5 sehinggalah Bab 9. Bahagian Keempat mencakupi empat bab lagi yang memberi tumpuan kepada isu wang dalam ekonomi, Teori Permintaan dan Penawaran Wang serta Keberkesanan Dasar Kewangan.
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Simon, Gleeson. Part I The Elements of Bank Financial Supervision, 5 Bank Capital Requirements. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0005.

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This chapter begins by discussing the three overlapping capital requirements that banks are subject to. The first is the orthodox Basel capital requirement. The second is the Leverage Ratio, which is simply a non-risk-weighted capital requirement. The third is the stress test requirement. This has historically been the largest of the three. Stress testing identifies a particular probable state of the world, estimates the total loss which would occur if that state of the world were to eventuate, and requires capital sufficient to ensure that the bank retains sufficient capital after suffering the projected losses. The remainder of the chapter covers Pillar 2 assessment, capital floor, and capital buffers.
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Morawetz, Klaus. Kinetic Theory of Systems with SU(2) Structure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.003.0021.

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Systems with spin-orbit coupling and magnetic fields exhibit a SU(2) structure. Large classes of materials and couplings can be written into an effective spin-orbit coupled Hamiltonian with Pauli structure. Appropriate kinetic equations are derived keeping the quantum spinor structure. It results in coupled kinetic equations of scalar and vector distributions. The spin-orbit coupling, the magnetic field and the vector part of the selfenergy can be written in terms of an effective Zeeman field which couples both distributions. The currents and linear response are derived and the anomalous parts due to the coupling of the occurring band splitting are discussed. The response in magnetic fields reveals subtle retardation effects from which the classical and quantum Hall effect result as well as anomalous Hall effects. As application the dynamical conductivity of grapheme is successfully calculated and compared to the experiments.
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Simon, Gleeson. Part I The Elements of Bank Financial Supervision, 4 The Composition of Bank Capital. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the concept of bank capital. The essence of regulatory capital requirements as originally conceived was to procure that banks had sufficient capital to absorb both expected and unexpected losses. However, recent market developments have indicated two different but important functions of capital. Going Concern Capital is that capital which can absorb losses, both when the firm is in a state of financial health and during periods of financial stress, thus maintaining market confidence in the financial system and avoiding disruption to depositors. Gone Concern Capital is that capital which absorbs losses on the failure of a firm, protecting depositors in a winding up or resolution. The remainder of the chapter covers Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital; deductions; bank holdings in banking, financial, and insurance entities; provisioning, expected loss and revaluation; and capital monitoring.
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Epstein, Rachel A. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809968.003.0006.

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The study’s findings from Europe have implications for other major powers, including that: (1) banking sector protectionism became increasingly costly given other liberalizing trends; (2) foreign-owned bank subsidiaries can provide more stable funding in crises than alternative foreign or even domestic bank activity; (3) foreign domination in finance limited catching up in the global economy, but in fact few states showed the capacity to exploit domestic banks for national goals; and (4) centralized bank governance through European Banking Union weakened bank–state ties in Europe, and elevated the role of markets there. This chapter analyzes the relevance of the findings for the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). China is perhaps the clearest case of a country struggling to both liberalize and retain the economic policy autonomy associated with a largely state-controlled financial system. The conclusion specifies the broader transformation in bank–state ties, but also its limits.
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Book chapters on the topic "ISM band 2"

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Tiwari, Anushka, and Sushrut Das. "1 × 2 Harmonic Suppression Microstrip Antenna Array for ISM Band Applications at 2.45 GHz." In Advances in Computer, Communication and Control, 339–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3122-0_32.

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Becker, Eve-Marie, and Hermut Löhr. "Einführung in den vorliegenden Band." In Die Exegese des 2 Kor und Phil im Lichte der Literarkritik, V—XVII. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783788734756.v.

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Daume, Peggy, and Jens Dennhard. "Einleitung." In Finanz- und Wirtschaftsmathematik im Unterricht Band 2, 1–3. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14711-2_1.

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Daume, Peggy, and Jens Dennhard. "Anhänge." In Finanz- und Wirtschaftsmathematik im Unterricht Band 2, 227–29. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14711-2_10.

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Daume, Peggy, and Jens Dennhard. "Optionen." In Finanz- und Wirtschaftsmathematik im Unterricht Band 2, 7–29. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14711-2_2.

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Daume, Peggy, and Jens Dennhard. "Ökonomische Funktionen." In Finanz- und Wirtschaftsmathematik im Unterricht Band 2, 31–58. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14711-2_3.

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Daume, Peggy, and Jens Dennhard. "Differenzialrechnung im Umfeld ökonomischer Funktionen." In Finanz- und Wirtschaftsmathematik im Unterricht Band 2, 59–95. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14711-2_4.

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Daume, Peggy, and Jens Dennhard. "Didaktik der Analysis." In Finanz- und Wirtschaftsmathematik im Unterricht Band 2, 99–111. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14711-2_5.

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Daume, Peggy, and Jens Dennhard. "Der Rechner im Mathematikunterricht." In Finanz- und Wirtschaftsmathematik im Unterricht Band 2, 113–18. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14711-2_6.

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Daume, Peggy, and Jens Dennhard. "Optionen mathematisch bewertet." In Finanz- und Wirtschaftsmathematik im Unterricht Band 2, 121–58. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14711-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "ISM band 2"

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Malviya, Leeladhar, R. K. Panigrahi, and M. V. Kartikeyan. "2×2 MIMO antenna for ISM band application." In 2016 11th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciinfs.2016.8263047.

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Been Seok, Yew, M. Rizon M. Juhari, Saiful Bahri Mohamed, and Wee Fwen Hoon. "Full ground plane dual-band microstrip antenna for ISM and HiperLAN/2 applications." In 2014 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icos.2014.7042406.

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Zuo, PeiLiang, Tao Peng, Hao Wu, Kangyong You, Hanbo Jing, Wenbin Guo, and Wenbo Wang. "Suppression of 802.11 Transmission in 2. 4GHz ISM band: Method and Experimental Verification." In 2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9128794.

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Song, Y., D. Le Goff, and K. Mouthaan. "Highly Flexible and Conformal 2×2 Antenna Array on RTV Silicone for the 2.4 GHz ISM band." In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf35879.2020.9330010.

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Mishra, A., M. A. Khan, and M. S. Gaur. "Suitable RF spectrum in ISM band for 2-way advanced metering network in India." In International Conference on Communication and Electronics System Design, edited by Vijay Janyani, M. Salim, and K. K. Sharma. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2012650.

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Gohil, Jayesh V., and Deepak Bhatia. "Design of 2×1 circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna array for 5.8 GHz ISM band applications." In 2012 Nirma University International Conference on Engineering (NUiCONE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nuicone.2012.6493227.

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Patel, Khushbu, and Sunil Kumar Singh. "$2\times 1$ Circular Patch Antenna Array for Improve Antenna Parameters in 2.4 GHz ISM Frequency Band." In 2021 International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciptm52218.2021.9388327.

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Deif, Sameir, Brent Leier, Michael Snow, and Mojgan Daneshmand. "Microwave Sensor Array for Corrosion Prediction in Steel Tank Bottoms." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78224.

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Throughout North America there are many crude oil storage tank facilities — also called terminals — serving as hubs, transfer points and storage. Safety precautions such as pre-service integrity testing, cathodic protection, primary and secondary containment measures, and grounding techniques have been utilized to assure safety as a top priority. These tanks undergo an in-service API 653 external inspection at least every 5 years, and are taken out of service to undergo an API 653 internal/external inspection at least every 30 years [1], [2], [3]. For these aboveground storage tanks, the bottom plate is the most vulnerable area to corrosion [4] and is also the most challenge area to inspect visually. Both sides (product-side and soil-side) of the tank bottom plate are prone to high rates of corrosion in comparison to other components such as the roof and shell [5]. Corrosion generally starts with coating defects such as air or water ingress to underling layers and exposing the steel to uncontrolled environmental factors. Internal inspection can be performed using ultrasonic measures to calculate the sheet thickness, however, external inspection is impossible without having access to the tank bottom. This paper will introduce a novel inspection method for external monitoring of the surface of the tank bottom plate in real-time. The proposed technique proactively approaches the problem by predicting the corrosion before it occurs. In this technique an array of microwave-based sensors operating at ISM band (2.57 GHz) are introduced for defect prediction. The array is composed of equally-distant and identical microwave spiral ring resonators (SRR) [6] that are electromagnetically coupled to a transmission line. All resonances created by the array elements merge in one band-stop frequency response with very high isolation. Once the sensors’ environment is altered by any defects such as an air breach, liquid ingress [7] or corrosion initiated, a resonance shift will occur indicating coating risks. To prove the concept, an initial prototype for small tanks of 3–5 ft. diameter is investigated. Two-port system data illustrates that in case of a coating defect, the frequency profile accordingly changes and provides a signature. The obtained data is used to predict possible corrosion in timely manner. The proposed sensor array enables external monitoring of tank bottoms surface where visual inspection is impossible while the tank is in-service.
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Schleeh, J., G. Moschetti, N. Wadefalk, E. Cha, A. Pourkabirian, G. Alestig, J. Halonen, B. Nilsson, P. A. Nilsson, and J. Grahn. "Cryogenic LNAs for SKA band 2 to 5." In 2017 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2017. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2017.8058948.

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Tang, Yulung, Niklas Wadefalk, Jacob W. Kooi, Joel Schleeh, Giuseppe Moschetti, Per-Ake Nilsson, Arsalan Pourkabirian, Eunjung Cha, Silvia Tuzi, and Jan Grahn. "Cryogenic W-band LNA for ALMA band 2+3 with average noise temperature of 24 K." In 2017 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2017. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2017.8058981.

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Reports on the topic "ISM band 2"

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Mooney, Henry, David Rosenblatt, Cloe Ortiz de Mendívil, Gralyn Frazier, Ariel McCaskie, Victor Gauto, Elton Bollers, Jason Christie, Jeetendra Khadan, and Nazera Abdul-Haqq. Caribbean Quarterly Bulletin: Volume 10: Issue 2, August 2021. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003573.

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For more than a year, the Caribbean economics team at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has focused on the potential implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for lives and livelihoods across the region. The pandemic is still with us, but there is hope that the cycles of lockdowns and containment measures will eventually come to an end as vaccination programs progress, even if unevenly, across the region. However, the availability of vaccine supply remains a concern, and the pandemic continues to pose a constraint for the recovery of key sectors such as tourism and local services sectors. This edition of the Caribbean Quarterly Bulletin focuses on two topics: (1) forecasts of key macroeconomic variables, based on the April 2021 WEO, and (2) financial sector risks. In general, regional economies are embarking on a fragile path to recovery. Continued progress with vaccination programs, credible medium-term fiscal programs, and continued attention to financial vulnerabilities will be needed to push that path to recovery forward.
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Becker, Sarah, Megan Maloney, and Andrew Griffin. A multi-biome study of tree cover detection using the Forest Cover Index. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42003.

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Tree cover maps derived from satellite and aerial imagery directly support civil and military operations. However, distinguishing tree cover from other vegetative land covers is an analytical challenge. While the commonly used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can identify vegetative cover, it does not consistently distinguish between tree and low-stature vegetation. The Forest Cover Index (FCI) algorithm was developed to take the multiplicative product of the red and near infrared bands and apply a threshold to separate tree cover from non-tree cover in multispectral imagery (MSI). Previous testing focused on one study site using 2-m resolution commercial MSI from WorldView-2 and 30-m resolution imagery from Landsat-7. New testing in this work used 3-m imagery from PlanetScope and 10-m imagery from Sentinel-2 in imagery in sites across 12 biomes in South and Central America and North Korea. Overall accuracy ranged between 23% and 97% for Sentinel-2 imagery and between 51% and 98% for PlanetScope imagery. Future research will focus on automating the identification of the threshold that separates tree from other land covers, exploring use of the output for machine learning applications, and incorporating ancillary data such as digital surface models and existing tree cover maps.
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Groeneveld, Caspar, Elia Kibga, and Tom Kaye. Deploying an e-Learning Environment in Zanzibar: A Short Guide. EdTech Hub, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0029.

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In April 2020, the MoEVT and the World Bank approached the EdTech Hub to explore the feasibility of implementing a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The parties agreed on three deliverables to support this work. 1. A practical and actionable report analysing key factors to be considered in deploying an e-learning platform in Zanzibar. 2. A report documenting the process of sourcing appropriate digital content, aligning this content with the curriculum and populating the e-learning system accordingly. 3. An implementation plan to guide the deployment of an e-learning system in Zanzibar. This presentation deck is the third deliverable.
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Pritchett, Lant, and Martina Viarengo. Learning Outcomes in Developing Countries: Four Hard Lessons from PISA-D. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/069.

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The learning crisis in developing countries is increasingly acknowledged (World Bank, 2018). The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include goals and targets for universal learning and the World Bank has adopted a goal of eliminating learning poverty. We use student level PISA-D results for seven countries (Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, Senegal, and Zambia) to examine inequality in learning outcomes at the global, country, and student level for public school students. We examine learning inequality using five dimensions of potential social disadvantage measured in PISA: sex, rurality, home language, immigrant status, and socio-economic status (SES)—using the PISA measure of ESCS (Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) to measure SES. We document four important facts. First, with the exception of Ecuador, less than a third of the advantaged (male, urban, native, home speakers of the language of instruction) and ESCS elite (plus 2 standard deviations above the mean) children enrolled in public schools in PISA-D countries reach the SDG minimal target of PISA level 2 or higher in mathematics (with similarly low levels for reading and science). Even if learning differentials of enrolled students along all five dimensions of disadvantage were eliminated, the vast majority of children in these countries would not reach the SDG minimum targets. Second, the inequality in learning outcomes of the in-school children who were assessed by the PISA by household ESCS is mostly smaller in these less developed countries than in OECD or high-performing non-OECD countries. If the PISA-D countries had the same relationship of learning to ESCS as Denmark (as an example of a typical OECD country) or Vietnam (a high-performing developing country) their enrolled ESCS disadvantaged children would do worse, not better, than they actually do. Third, the disadvantages in learning outcomes along four characteristics: sex, rurality, home language, and being an immigrant country are absolutely large, but still small compared to the enormous gap between the advantaged, ESCS average students, and the SDG minimums. Given the massive global inequalities, remediating within-country inequalities in learning, while undoubtedly important for equity and justice, leads to only modest gains towards the SDG targets. Fourth, even including both public and private school students, there are strikingly few children in PISA-D countries at high levels of performance. The absolute number of children at PISA level 4 or above (reached by roughly 30 percent of OECD children) in the low performing PISA-D countries is less than a few thousand individuals, sometimes only a few hundred—in some subjects and countries just double or single digits. These four hard lessons from PISA-D reinforce the need to address global equity by “raising the floor” and targeting low learning levels (Crouch and Rolleston, 2017; Crouch, Rolleston, and Gustafsson, 2020). As Vietnam and other recent successes show, this can be done in developing country settings if education systems align around learning to improve the effectiveness of the teaching and learning processes to improve early learning of foundational skills.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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