Journal articles on the topic 'Islands of Langerhans'
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Barakat, Hassan, Khaled Al-Roug, Raya Algonaiman, Sami A. Althwab, Hani A. Alfheeaid, Raghad M. Alhomaid, Mona S. Almujaydil, Taqwa Bushnaq, and Tarek A. Ebeid. "Biological Assessment of Stevioside and Sucralose as Sucrose Substitutes for Diabetics on STZ-Induced Diabetes in Rats." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030940.
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Numerous food organizations have identified excessive calorie consumption and accompanying ailments as significant health risks associated with high sugar consumption. Administering stevioside (ST), sucralose (SU), and the two synergically (SU+ST) affected normal rats’ weight gain. In the current study, SU showed the highest undesired effect. Indeed, administering the three treatments to diabetic rats (DR) did not improve the rats’ weight gain. Although, insulin injection synergically with the treatments improved the weight gain, as recorded after three weeks. The best-improving rate was observed in the ST group. After the administration of ST and ST+SU to the DR, the blood glucose level (GL) was positively affected, with SU having no effects on reducing the GL. A considerable reduction in serum insulin (SIL) was noted in the DR+SU group. On the contrary, ST did not negatively affect the SIL, rather an improvement was recorded. In addition, giving SU did not significantly affect the ALT level in the DR or normal rats (NR). A significant improvement in total bilirubin (TBILI) was observed when insulin was injected with ST or SU in DR groups. Further, triglycerides (TG) after administering ST, SU, or ST+SU to NR had no significant difference compared to the control group (NR). Although, the three treatments markedly but not significantly lowered TG in the DR. For total cholesterol (CHO), both DR and NR had no significant effect after the three treatments. No histopathological alterations were recorded in the NR group. Diffuse and severe atrophy of the islands of Langerhans due to depletion of their cells and mild papillary hyperplasia of the pancreatic ducts were represented by a slightly folded ductal basement membrane and newly formed ductules in STZ-DR. Simultaneous atrophy and absence of the cells of islands of Langerhans besides ductal hyperplasia were evident in DR+SU. Hyperplastic ductal epithelium and atrophic Langerhans cells were seen in DR+SU+In. Degeneration and mild atrophy were observed in the islands of Langerhans structures. There was essentially no noticeable change after utilizing ST. A slight shrinkage of the Langerhans’ islets was detected in DR+ST. In DR+ST+In, no histopathological alterations in the islands of Langerhans were recorded. Congestion in the stromal blood vessels associated with degenerative and necrotic changes in the cells of the islands of Langerhans in DR+SU+ST was observed. In NR+SU, congestion of the blood vessels associated with mild atrophy in the islands of Langerhans and dilatation in stromal blood vessels was noticed. In conclusion, ST is safe, and SU should be taken cautiously, such as mixing with ST and/or taken at a very low concentration to avoid its drastic effect on the human body.
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Aleydaputri, Andarista Diaz, and Nur Kuswanti. "Efek Ekstrak Daun Sawo Manila (Manilkara zapota L.) terhadap Profil Pulau Langerhans dan Berat Badan Mencit Diabetes." LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 11, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n1.p122-130.
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Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit gangguan metabolisme. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun sawo manila terhadap profil pulau Langerhans dan berat badan mencit diabetes. Studi ini merupakan penelitian ekperimental menggunakan RAL dengan 6 kelompok (kontrol normal, kontrol aloksan, dosis ekstrak 1 (28mg/kg BB), dosis ekstrak 2 (56mg/kg BB), dosis ekstrak 3 (112mg/kg BB) dan glibenclamide), masing-masing dengan 4 ulangan. Mencit diabetes induksi aloksan diberi ekstrak daun sawo dua kali sehari selama 14 hari. Profil pulau Langerhans ditentukan berdasarkan diameternya melalui pengamatan preparat-HE pankreas. Berat badan mencit ditimbang pada hari ke 0, ke 7 dan ke 14. Data dianalisis menggunakan Anova. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ekstrak berpengaruh terhadap diameter p. Langerhans (p<0,05) dan berat badan (p<0,05) dengan perbedaan antar perlakuan. Rerata diameter p. Langerhans setelah 14 hari perlakuan yaitu sebesar 39 µm (KN), 34,5 µm (KA), 38,6 µm (K1), 56,5 µm (K2), 48,3 µm (K3) dan 41,6 µm (KG). Sedangkan berat badan mencit yaitu sebesar 33,25 (KN), 33,75 (KA), 32 (K1), 28,75 (K2), 30,75 (K3) dan 29,50 (KG). Ekstrak daun sawo berpengaruh terhadap profil pulau Langerhans dengan memperbesar diameternya dan terhadap berat badan mencit dengan tidak sejalan dosis. Kata kunci: Berat badan; Daun Sawo; Diabetes; Pulau Langerhans Abstract. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder disease. The study was to determine effect of sapodilla leaf extract on the profile of the islets of Langerhans and body weight of diabetic mice. This study is experimental study using RAL with 6 groups (normal control, alloxan control, extract dose 1 (28mg/kg BW), extract dose 2 (56mg/kg BW), extract dose 3 (112mg/kg BW) and glibenclamide), respectively. each with 4 replicates. Alloxan induced mice were given sapodilla leaf extract twice a day for 14 days. The profile the islets of Langerhans was determined based on their diameter by observing pancreatic HE-preparations. The BW of the mice was measured on 0, 7 and 14 days. Data were analyzed using Anova. The analysis showed that the extract had an effect on the diameter of the islets Langerhans (p< 0,05) and BW of mice (p< 0,05) with differences between treatments. The mean diameter of the islets of Langerhans after 14 days of treatment was 39 (KN), 34.5 (KA), 38.6 (K1), 56.5 (K2), 48.3 (K3) and 41.6 (KG) µms. While the weight of the mice were 33.25 (KN), 33.75 (KA), 32 (K1), 28.75 (K2), 30.75 (K3) and 29.50 (KG) grs. Sapodilla leaf extract affected the profile of Langerhans islands by increasing their diameter and on the body weight of mice in dose independent manner. Kata kunci: Bodyweight; Sapodilla leaf, Diabetic, Langerhans island
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Raffel, Andreas, Claus F. Eisenberger, Kenko Cupisti, Matthias Schott, Stephan E. Baldus, Imke Hoffmann, Feride Aydin, Wolfram T. Knoefel, and Nikolas H. Stoecklein. "Increased EpCAM expression in malignant insulinoma: potential clinical implications." European Journal of Endocrinology 162, no. 2 (February 2010): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-08-0916.
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ObjectiveEpCAM (CD326) is overexpressed in progenitor cells of endocrine pancreatic islands of Langerhans during fetal development and was suggested to act as a morphoregulatory molecule in pancreatic island ontogeny. We tested whether EpCAM overexpression is reactivated in insulinomas, endocrine tumors arising in the pancreas.Design/methodWe used monoclonal anti-EpCAM antibody Ber-Ep4 for immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor material. We analyzed 53 insulinomas: 40 benign (disease stage<IIa) and 13 malignant tumors (disease stage IIIb/IV). Disease stage disposition followed new TNM classification of the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) for foregut neuroendocrine tumors (2006). Additionally, ten insulinoma metastases were analyzed. Clinical follow-up was available for overall survival analysis from 49 patients. The EpCAM expression of the islands of Langerhans was classified as 2+ in healthy pancreatic tissue.ResultsIn 38% of the benign insulinomas (disease stage<IIa), we found strong (3+) EpCAM expression. In contrast, malignant insulinomas (disease stage IIIb/IV) and their metastases exhibited a strong (3+) EpCAM expression with 78 and 80% respectively, significantly more frequent (P<0.01). The malignant tissue was characterized by a significantly lower number of unstained cells and significantly higher number of 3+ stained cells. Quantitative PCR for EpCAM mRNA validated strong EpCAM expression in malignant insulinoma. Kaplan–Meier curves indicated survival disadvantage for EpCAM 3+ insulinomas, but this was not statistically significant (log-rank test).ConclusionThis first EpCAM expression study in benign/malignant insulinomas indicates that strong EpCAM expression could help to identify patients at risk for malignant disease and might be used as a therapeutic target for antibody-based therapies in patients with metastatic insulinoma.
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Jassim Abd, Sarah, and Satar Abood Faris. "Effect of Streptozocin on the Langerhans Islands in the pancreas of birds." Sumer 1 8, CSS 1 (August 15, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.89.
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In the current study, birds (Columba livia ) were used as a new model to study the effect of streptozotocin on the pancreas gland and the blood glucose level. Three concentrations of 75,65,55 mg/kg were adopted for five consecutive days with one IP dose daily. The experimental animals showed a gradual rise in blood glucose the average glucose in the first week of the experiment was usual for the three groups compared with the control group, while there was a significant change in the blood glucose level in the three groups at the end of the experiment (4th week), where the average glucose in the streptozotocin groups was 55 mg/kg (213.80 ± 12.43) mg/dl and the group 65 mg/kg(282.60 ± 16.78) mg/dl and a group of 75 mg/kg( 371.0 ± 38.39) mg/dl. Keywords: Streptozocin, Langerhans islands, pancreas.
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Da Silva Xavier, Gabriela. "The Cells of the Islets of Langerhans." Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 3 (March 12, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm7030054.
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Islets of Langerhans are islands of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas. A number of new studies have pointed to the potential for conversion of non-β islet cells in to insulin-producing β-cells to replenish β-cell mass as a means to treat diabetes. Understanding normal islet cell mass and function is important to help advance such treatment modalities: what should be the target islet/β-cell mass, does islet architecture matter to energy homeostasis, and what may happen if we lose a particular population of islet cells in favour of β-cells? These are all questions to which we will need answers for islet replacement therapy by transdifferentiation of non-β islet cells to be a reality in humans. We know a fair amount about the biology of β-cells but not quite as much about the other islet cell types. Until recently, we have not had a good grasp of islet mass and distribution in the human pancreas. In this review, we will look at current data on islet cells, focussing more on non-β cells, and on human pancreatic islet mass and distribution.
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Hultquist, Gosta T., and Bo Thorell. "CYTOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING THE EMBRYONAL FORMATION OF LANGERHANS' ISLANDS AS REVEALED BY ULTRAVIOLET MICROSCOPY." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 32, no. 2 (August 18, 2009): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1953.tb00249.x.
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BEEK, CORNELIA, A. J. CH HAEX, and P. J. KOOREMAN. "Two cases of spontaneous hypoglycemia due to a tumor of the islands of Langerhans." Acta Medica Scandinavica 112, no. 2 (April 24, 2009): 164–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1942.tb10011.x.
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TOVAR-HERNÁNDEZ, MARÍA ANA. "On some species of Chone Krøyer, 1856 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from world-wide localities." Zootaxa 1518, no. 1 (July 2, 2007): 31–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1518.1.2.
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The present study deals with the revision of type and non-type material from species of Chone Krøyer, 1856 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) that have been described from world-wide isolated localities. Chone australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979, C. fauveli McIntosh, 1916, C. kroyerii Sars, 1862, C. letterstedti (Kinberg, 1867), C. murmanica Lukasch, 1910, C. normani McIntosh, 1916, C. paracincta Hartmann-Schröder, 1962, and C. rosea Hartmann-Schröder, 1965, are redescribed. Two additional forms are recognized as independent taxa, referred to as Chone sp. “Aleutian Islands” and Chone sp. “British Virgin Islands”. These species are informally described since few specimens are available; however, they are included here in order to facilitate and encourage further research. Sabella costulata Grube, 1877, is transferred to Chone. Chone suspecta Krøyer, 1856, is synonymized with Chone infundibuliformis Krøyer, 1856; the name infundibuliformis has priority over suspecta. Chone murmanica oculata Annenkova, 1952, deserves specific status. Chone eniwetokensis (Reish, 1968) is returned to the original genus (Euchone). Chone perseyi Zenkewitsch, 1925, and Chone rubrocincta Sars, 1862, are transferred to Euchone. Chone reayi McIntosh, 1916, is transferred to Jasmineira Langerhans, 1880. Differences and similarities with members of Euchone Malmgren, 1866, and close genera are discussed.
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Myint, Myat Su Mon, and Antonio Pinero-Pilona. "LBSAT310 A Rare Disease Engulfing Thyroid And Masquerading As Common Thyroid Disorders." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A747—A748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1542.
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Abstract Introduction – Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal disorder caused by the CD207+ Langerhans cells derived from the myeloid origin. We present a case of LCH where it mimicked Hashimoto's and Riedel's thyroiditis and completely infiltrated the thyroid gland. Case description – A 54-year-old female was initially diagnosed with hypothyroidism, goiter, and bilateral parotid and submandibular glands enlargement. CT imaging revealed a diffuse goiter which imposed infraglottic airway narrowing and a suspicious left inferior thyroid nodule. Biopsy revealed atypia of undetermined significance. GSC showed a 50% suspicion of malignancy with a negative BRAF. Follow up imaging revealed increased infiltrative masses within the salivary glands, enlarging thyroid gland, and increased infiltration of the superior component of the right thyroid lobe into the submandibular space. A core needle biopsy revealed a background of acute and chronic inflammation without evidence of malignancy. Sjogren's, sarcoidosis and IgG4 diseases were ruled out. She was then referred to us after a myriad of work up. She had a diffusely enlarged goiter with a crusted area of skin over the thyroid gland and significant bilateral parotid swelling. We repeated a thyroid ultrasound which revealed diffusely enlarged and heterogeneous thyroid glands with pseudo-nodules and 3 suspicious nodules greater than 1cm on right and left lobes. She also had prominent reactive lymphadenopathy. Her submandibular glands were hypoechoic, avascular, markedly enlarged and abnormal appearing. She underwent total thyroidectomy. Pathology revealed proliferation of histiocytes, few islands of lymphoid tissue, and eosinophilic micro abscesses without any identifiable thyroid parenchyma in the entire resected specimens. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with atypical features. BRAF (V600E/V600K) mutation was again not detected. Flow cytometry showed no evidence of neoplastic myeloid blast population. She was referred to an oncologist for further management of LCH. Discussion – Our patient had a remarkably diffuse goiter with a sonographic appearance mimicking Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Riedel's thyroiditis. Initial thyroid FNA failed to reveal LCH. The diagnosis was reached only after total thyroidectomy. Treatment depends on single or multi-system involvement, presence or absence of risk organ involvement, and presence or absence of BRAF mutation. Conclusion In the cases of infiltrated thyroid diseases, Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be on the differential diagnosis, especially if there is concomitant infiltrative process in other organs. The sonographic finding can mimic Hashimoto's or Riedel's thyroiditis which may lead to misdiagnosis and treatment delay. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.
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Al-Sharoot, Hassaneen Ali. "Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical Architecture of pancreases in Early Hatched Goose (Anser anser)." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2016/v7i14282.
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The present work includes anatomical, histological and histochemical study of the pancreas in early hatched Goose (Anser anser). The current study was performed on ten early-hatched goose ageing from 5-10 dayes clinically healthy. The animals were anaesthetized by the ether after which they were carefully dissected and examined. Anatomical study shown pancreas it is a vital lobulated organ, pale pinkish in coular, located on the right side of the abdominal cavity between the descending and ascending duodenal loops closely covered by mesentery pancreatic duodenal ligament and Its consist of dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobe. Histologically parenchyma of gland consisted of exocrine and endocrine parts was located in the meshwork of reticular fibres. Exocrine part was arranged in form of serous tubuloacinar glands that occupied a larger area of pancreas. The islands of langerhans consisted of various shapes and sizes of alpha, beta cell and mixed islets were not observed in the early hatched goose pancreas.
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Al-Sharoot, Hassaneen Ali. "Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical Architecture of pancreases in Early Hatched Goose (Anser anser)." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2016/v7i14282.
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The present work includes anatomical, histological and histochemical study of the pancreas in early hatched Goose (Anser anser). The current study was performed on ten early-hatched goose ageing from 5-10 dayes clinically healthy. The animals were anaesthetized by the ether after which they were carefully dissected and examined. Anatomical study shown pancreas it is a vital lobulated organ, pale pinkish in coular, located on the right side of the abdominal cavity between the descending and ascending duodenal loops closely covered by mesentery pancreatic duodenal ligament and Its consist of dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobe. Histologically parenchyma of gland consisted of exocrine and endocrine parts was located in the meshwork of reticular fibres. Exocrine part was arranged in form of serous tubuloacinar glands that occupied a larger area of pancreas. The islands of langerhans consisted of various shapes and sizes of alpha, beta cell and mixed islets were not observed in the early hatched goose pancreas.
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Tan, Esa Indah Ayudia, Irfannuddin Irfannuddin, and Krisna Murti. "PENGARUH DIET KETOGENIK TERHADAP PROLIFERASI DAN KETAHANAN SEL PADA JARINGAN PANKREAS." JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL "Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan" 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jmj.v7i1.7127.
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ABSTRACT
The ketogenic diet is a diet that uses a lot of fat as an energy source and reduces carbohydrate and protein consumption when the body does not get enough glucose from carbohydrates, the body usually uses alternative energy sourced from the ketone body, namely acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate. The ketone body comes from the breakdown of fatty acid metabolism in the liver where at the moment the concentration is low in the blood. Ketogenic diet is a diet that uses a lot of fat as an energy source and reduces carbohydrate consumption. The ketogenic diet makes the body burn fat instead of carbohydrates.
The pancreas is the center of control of energy metabolism. The role of metabolism affected by endocrine function of the pancreas is located on the islands of langerhans, in the form of epithelial cells spread throughout the organs. Changes in diet patterns will certainly have an impact on proliferation and apoptosis cell in pancreas.
Keywords: ketogenic diet, pancreas, proliferation, cell resistance
ABSTRAK
Diet ketogenik adalah diet yang menggunakan banyak lemak sebagai sumber energi dan mengurangi konsumsi karbohidrat dan protein ketika tubuh tidak mendapatkan cukup glukosa dari karbohidrat, tubuh biasanya menggunakan energi alternatif yang bersumber dari tubuh keton, yaitu asetoasetat dan b- hidroksibutirat. Tubuh keton berasal dari pemecahan metabolisme asam lemak di hati di mana saat ini konsentrasi rendah dalam darah. Diet ketogenik adalah diet yang menggunakan banyak lemak sebagai sumber energi dan mengurangi konsumsi karbohidrat. Diet ketogenik membuat tubuh membakar lemak, bukan karbohidrat.
Pankreas adalah pusat kendali metabolisme energi. Peran metabolisme yang dipengaruhi oleh fungsi endokrin pankreas terletak di pulau-pulau langerhans, dalam bentuk sel-sel epitel yang menyebar ke seluruh organ. Perubahan pola diet tentu akan berdampak pada proliferasi dan sel apoptosis pada pankreas.
Kata Kunci: diet ketogenik, pankreas, proliferasi, resistensi sel
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ZONDEK, HERMANN, and GERDA WOLFSOHN. "A Contribution to the Question of the Secretion of the Fetal Islands of Langerhans. (Blood Sugar Analyses in the Newborn.)." Acta Medica Scandinavica 106, no. 5-6 (April 24, 2009): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1941.tb09097.x.
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Pramanik, Farina, Lusi Epsilawati, Yurika Ambar Lita, and Erna Herawati. "Analisis gambaran radiologis suspek ameloblastoma tipe solid pada radiograf CBCT 3D." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v3i2.492.
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Objectives: The aim of this case report is to provide further information on the radiological features of a solid type ameloblastoma suspected on a 3D CBCT radiograph.
Case Report: A patient came referred by a dentist for CBCT 3D radiography with suspected clinical diagnosis of a maxillary anterior dentigerous cyst. The results of the CBCT 3D radiographic examination showed a radiointermediate with a clear border on the anterior maxilla and in the right maxillary sinus accompanied by the impact of two supernumerary teeth. Radiological features of ameloblastoma generally show a multilocular radiolucent picture and have a radiopaque septa bone internal structure such as a soap bubble appearance or honey combed appearance. This case showed a clearly demarcated radiointermediate image because a solid type ameloblastoma contains tissue that is histologically formed from cells hat are follicular or plexiform and derived from the results of a degenerative process at the center of the Langerhans islands.
Conclusion: Radiographic examination with high modality such as CBCT 3D is very important in helping to establish a diagnosis, especially for cases that sometimes show differences in the radiographs.
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Fitri, Yenni, and Elsa Yuniarti. "Effect of Boiled Water Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray Leaf Against the Pancreas Histology in Mus musculus L. Induced by Alloxan." Bioscience 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/0201931103432-0-00.
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Traditional medicine is one of the drugs used by the community to be one of the efforts to treat diseases. One of them is Diabetes Mellitus (DM). DM is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which results in an increase in free radicals in the cell. DM treatment is quite expensive so an alternative drug is needed. One of them is Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray. This study used a completely randomized design, consisting of 1 control, 4 treatments (P1: Only alloxan induced), P2: Alloxan 65 mg / kg BB, P3: Metformin 65 mg / kg BB, P4: Boiled leaves of moon leaves 24.6 mg / 10 ml and P4: Moon flower leaves boiled water 49.1 mg / 10 ml. The parameters observed were blood sugar in male mice and the number of cells in the islands of Langerhans before and after being given boiled leaves of moon flowers and metformin. Data were analyzed using ANOVA then continued with DMRT test with a significant difference of 5%. The results showed that administration of boiled kembang bulan leaves and metformin for 7 days could reduce blood sugar levels in mice and accelerate the regeneration of pancreatic cells. The most significant impact is the treatment with the highest dose, namely P4 (Moon leaf leaves boiled water 49.1 mg / 10 ml).
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Brink, Stuart J. "Insulin Past, Present, and Future: 100 Years from Leonard Thompson." Diabetology 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 117–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3010010.
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Before the discovery of insulin and the critical role of the pancreas vis-à-vis diabetes mellitus pathophysiology, childhood diabetes or what we now call type 1 or autoimmune diabetes mellitus was almost universally fatal. In limited-resource countries (LRC) around the world, this remains sadly true because of the expense and unavailability of medical care, medical information, and/or medications. In 1889, Minkowski and Mering identified the pancreas as the likely source of the problem in pancreatectomized dog experiments, and Langerhans, working with Virchow, identified the islands of pancreatic tissue now named after Langerhans as the likely source of the problem. Prior to that, Cawley, Boucherdat, Zuelzer, Gley, de Meyer, Schafer, Scott, Kleiner, and Paulescu all worked on this problem with varying results until Banting, Best, MacLeod, and Collip in Toronto in 1921 successfully treated pancreatectomized dogs with an alcohol-based pancreatic extract and then were the first to do the same with children and adults with diabetes, starting with Leonard Thompson in early 1922. Urinary and blood glucose levels were reduced, and clinical symptoms decreased concurrently. The magnificent medical historical work by Professor Michael Bliss, also from Toronto, as well as an excellent US NPR Television documentary, describes the trials and tribulations of this event that culminated in the “fastest Nobel Prize” awarded. Progressive biopharmaceutical advances have modified insulin from pigs and cows and then genetically engineered insulin to work much faster and also much slower to provide more modernized ways of providing insulin. Insulin pens then replaced vial and syringe administration, and then insulin pumps coupled with continuous blood glucose sensors have made delivery more physiologic in addition to more attention paid to nutrition advice, education, and psychosocial support around the world. Programs to assist delivery of expensive insulin to LRC administered by Insulin for Life, Life for a Child (LFAC), Changing Diabetes in Children (CDIC) coupled with support by ISPAD (International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes) have continued to make such advances available thorough wonderful philanthropy in insulin manufacturers and manufacturers of blood glucose monitoring equipment and insulin pump/sensor suppliers.
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Ashrafihelan, Javad, Jamileh Salar Amoli, Mehran Alamdari, Tahereh Ali Esfahani, Morteza Mozafari, Ali Reza Nourian, and Ali Asghar Bahari. "Arsenic toxicosis in sheep: The first report from Iran." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0016.
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Abstract Arsenic contamination of groundwater has been previously reported in Ghopuz, a village located in the Northwest of Iran. Samples were taken from consuming and irrigation water and plants of the region for chemical analysis. A seven-year old ewe, which had lived in and fed a lifelong at the same place, with clinical signs such as weakness, wasting and inappropriate integument was necropsied. Grossly, buccal erosion, stomatitis, cutaneous ulcers and serous atrophy of fat deposits were observed. Rumen contents, wool and several tissue samples were obtained for toxicological and histopathological examinations. Mean arsenic concentration in the spring water, irrigation water and grass/algae were 70.11, 48.74 and 141.85 ppb (μg/kg), respectively. Arsenic levels were 486.73, 247.94, 127.92, 125.97 and 231.24 ppb in wool, skin, rumen contents, liver and kidney, respectively. Microscopic study revealed hyperemia and heavy parasitic infestation of the abomasal wall. Hyperemia and regeneration of renal tubule epithelia were observed in kidneys and hyperkeratosis, suppurative deep dermatitis and paniculitis were found in skin. Periacinar fibrosis and a poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma were seen in liver. In pancreas, reduced cell density of islands of Langerhans was noticeable. In the central nervous system, perineuronal and perivascular edema, ischemic changes in gray matter neurons, and microcavitation of white matter were present. Our findings confirmed chronic arsenic toxicosis in small ruminants in this region. It can be concluded that long-term consumption of arsenic contamined water and forage may be associated with chronic arsenic poisoning in domestic animals and human beings, with consequent neoplastic disease and induction of diabetes in this region.
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Taheri, Horiyie, Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi, and Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi. "Spleen and Pancreatic Tissue Change after Genetically Modified Soybean Oil Consumption Among Male Wistar Rats." International Journal of Drug Research in Clinics 2 (February 21, 2024): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijdrc.2024.e5.
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<strong data-sider-select-id="b8bf10e1-996e-4fe0-a16e-f65aaaaf6a6c">Background: Over the past 20 years, the increased consumption of transgenic products for humans and animals led to the conduction of nutritional studies in this regard. However, these studies were limited, and they did not find a definitive answer to the possible health hazards of transgenic products. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of a diet containing transgenic soybean oil on rats. <strong data-sider-select-id="0d24514e-9731-4303-8701-71ae0f71f52c">Methods: Accordingly, male Wistar rats (N=6/group) were given a nutritionally moderate purified diet with 10% genetically modified soybean oil for 90 days. Two control groups receiving nongenetically modified soybean oil and a standardized diet were also enrolled. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tuky post hoc analysis was used to compare the values between groups and to detect the effects of transgenic soybean oil. <strong data-sider-select-id="6e6a93c9-227f-45c1-a050-9f3b96ecc42d">Results: Rats fed on transgenic soybean oil demonstrated several histologic changes in pancreas tissues, including changes in severe congestion, the presence of inflammatory cells, and changes in the Langerhans islands. However, no changes were observed in the spleen, except for negligible congestion in all treatment groups. Regarding blood indicators, hemoglobin levels in the transgenic soybean oil group decreased compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). <strong data-sider-select-id="103c4ab9-7a19-4a38-8077-e5b11eb6caee">Conclusion: According to our results, a 90-day treatment with transgenic soy-based oil caused significant organ changes in the pancreas tissue of rats. Further studies evaluating the long-term effects are also needed to better elucidate these effects.
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Salmon-Divon, Mali, Refael Meyuchas, Jamal Benhamida, Ofer Shpilberg, Roei D. Mazor, Mariko Yabe, Kseniya Petrova-drus, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Eli L. Diamond, and Oshrat Hershkovitz-Rokah. "Deciphering the Epigenetic Landscape in Histiocytic Neoplasms." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-185965.
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Background: Histiocytic neoplasms are driven by mutations activating the MAPK/ERK pathway; however, their epigenetic landscape remains poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators implicated in cancer development. Moreover, DNA methylation of miRNAs affects hematological malignancies development. Our previous study identified a unique miRNA expression signature in Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) patients. To further understand the biological mechanisms of ECD, we investigated the involvement of miRNAs, genes, and their methylation status in ECD, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). Methods: Methylation profiles of 14 LCH, 6 ECD, and 10 RDD patients were determined from histyocitic infiltrated tissues (Illumina EPIC-methylation array). These were compared to controls, suture granulomas (n=4), localized inflammatory reactions characterized by non-neoplastic histiocytic infiltrates. miRNAome data was identified by NanoString analysis and qRT-PCR. Results: We identified significant alterations in 23,322 methylation sites (FDR<0.05, |Δß|≧20%) between controls and the histiocytosis group, indicating differential epigenetic regulation. ECD and LCH exhibited a shared methylation signature distinct from RDD. Pathway analyses revealed that the differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were involved in inflammatory response, RAS, TNF, and PI3K-mTOR signaling pathways, linked to histiocytic neoplasms. Specifically, we found DMG involvement in regulation and generation of non-coding RNAs. Notably, we observed significant downregulation of the let7-miRNA family, particularly let7b, in ECD and LCH patients. Subsequent analysis revealed hypermethylation of specific CpG islands in the let7b DNA sequence, potentially silencing let7b expression in these diseases. Given the let7-miRNA family's role in regulating the MAPK pathway, this suggests a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. Conclusions: We provide valuable insights into differential methylation patterns in histiocytosis neoplasms, highlighting the involvement of epigenetic modifications in their development and progression. This enhances our understanding of histiocytosis development and may contribute to the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these patients.
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Ismawati, Ismawati, Mukhyarjon Mukhyarjon, Ilhami Romus, and Dinda Sonia. "Efek asam alfa lipoat terhadap insulitis pada tikus diabetes melitus tipe 2." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 16, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.31701.
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Effect of alpha lipoic acid on insulitis in type 2 diabetic ratBackground: The damaging of β cell causes hyperglycemia. Β cell damaged as insulitis happens because of the increase of free radical and the decrease of endogen antioxidant that caused oxidative stress.Objective: The goal of this research was to find out the effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on pancreas Langerhans island’s histopathology in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study with post test only design. Fifteen adult male rats of Wistar strain were segregated into three groups (n=5) labeled as control, type 2 diabetes (DM), and DM+ALA. The experiment was designed for 3 weeks. The measured parameter was insulitis level on pancreas Langerhans island of groups labeled.Results: The statistical test result showed there was the significant difference between control and type 2 diabetes group (p=0,005), but there was no significant difference between DM and DM+ ALA group (p=0,549).Conclusions: Although not statistically significant, giving ALA 60 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks decreased the degree of insulitis in diabetic rats.
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Voltarelli, Julio C., Carlos E. B. Couri, Maria-Carolina B. Oliveira, Ana-Beatriz P. L. Stracieri, Daniela A. Moraes, Dannielle F. Godoi, Marina A. Coutinho, et al. "Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Type I Diabetes Mellitus." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 5224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.5224.5224.
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Abstract Insulin-dependent type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-islet cells mediated by inflammatory T cells. The pathogenic process evolves gradually for several years and becomes symptomatic when most Langerhans islands are destroyed. Antibodies against β-cell antigens (like anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD) are markers of the autoimmune reaction and levels of proinsulin C-peptide correlate with endogenous insulin secretion. Several immunosuppressive regimens have demonstrated clinical and laboratorial benefit in early onset IDDM, presumably sparing islets reserve, but most responses were transient and long term toxicity limited their continuous use. In view of durable remissions observed in various autoimmune diseases treated with high-dose immunosuppression and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), we started in December/03 a phase I/II trial of AHSCT in early-onset IDDM. Patients from 12–35 years old with <6 weeks from diagnosis have their peripheral blood stem cells mobilized with 2 g/m2 cyclophosphamide and 10 mcg/kg G-CSF, cryopreserved and reinfused (>2 million/kg) after conditioning with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 4,5 mg/kg rabbit antithymocyte globulin- ATG (Thymoglobuline, SangStat). End points of the study are insulin needs (U/kg/d), glycosilated hemoglobin levels, anti-GAD titers and C-peptide levels. Four patients have been transplanted and the insulin usage of the first three patients is shown in the Figure. The first patient received high dose of steroids to prevent ATG hypersensitivity and showed increasing needs of insulin after mobilization. The other two patients received minimal (#2) or no (#3) steroid dose during conditioning and showed decreasing needs of insulin after mobilization (Figure). Patient #2 presented bilateral pneumonia while pancytopenic, recovered after treatment with antibiotics and Amphotericin-B but did not require insulin therapy. A fourth patient has just been discharged from the BMT Unit. Immunologic studies in the three patients with longer follow-up showed a progressive shift from Th1 to Th2 cytokine profile after transplantation which could provide a mechanism for the modulation of the autoimmune process by high dose immunosuppression and autologous HSC. In conclusion, the preliminary results are encouraging but must be validated with a larger number of patients (12 planned in this phase) and a longer followup (5 years). Figure Figure
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Ningsih, Purnama, Sitti Rahmawati, Baharuddin Hamzah, Tri Santoso, Nurbaya Nurbaya, Muhammad Fakhrul Hardani, and Ririen Hardani. "Histology of hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical diabetes rat pancreas after giving combination of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and clove flower (Syzygium aromaticum) extracts." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, A (May 14, 2021): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5928.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the regeneration activity of pancreatic beta cells by a combination of the ethanol extracts of Moringa leaves and Clove flower. These extracts prepared by maceration with ethanol as solvent . This is an experimental laboratory research by using post test only group design . The subject of this research is 40 white male rats of Wistar strain ( Rattus norvegicus ) and were conditioned DM by streptozotozine-nicotinamide induction . The rats randomly divided into 8 groups , and each group consisted of 5 rats . Combination dose of Moringa leaves and Clove flowers extracts used are 150 : 40 mg / kg body weight of mice , 100 : 80 mg / kg body weight of mice and 50 : 120 mg / kg body weight of mice . The rats were sacrificed and the pancreas taken to be made preparations histopathology , staining and observation tissues with HE and IHC methods. The results showed that the staining and observation tissues of heart with HE method acquired the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group were showing the islet on the Langerhans island of the pancreas is bigger than in the negative control group. The morphology of the island of Langerhans increasingly large indicates increasing the regeneration of the cells of the islet beta pancreas; whereas the method of IHC acquired the negative control group seen lack of display intensity of positive reaction Ag & Ab beta cells with are marked with brown cells . In the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group , seen a positive reaction of Ag & Ab insulin-producing beta cells characterized by brown cells and insulin expression dominating pancreatic island of Langerhans.
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Sassa, Mariko, Yasuhiro Iwanaga, and Yuichiro Yamada. "3. Transplantation of Island of Langerhans and Regenerative Therapy." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 98, no. 4 (2009): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.98.817.
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Tandri, Taufan Hendra, Wiryatun Lestariana, and Fatma Zuhrotun Nisa. "Ekstrak air daun ceplikan (Ruellia tuberosa L.) serta pengaruhnya terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan gambaran histologis pankreas tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) diabetes mellitus." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 6, no. 2 (November 1, 2009): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17713.
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Background: Effective control of blood glucose and activities of antioxidant are key factors that prevent diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. There are lots of herbal plants that have those both effects. Ceplikan leaves (Ruellia tuberosa L.) is a traditional medicine which is empirically used to lower blood glucose level. Instead of antioxidant compound, there is assumed other compound in ceplikan leaves that has side effect to pancreatic beta cells.Objective: To identify the effect of ceplikan leaves extract to blood glucose level and pancreas histology description in white diabetic rats (Rattus norvegicus).Method: Thirty subjects of Wistar strain male white rats of 2-3 months old and of 150-200 grams weight were made diabetic with aloxan and randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I consisted of diabetic rats with aquadest, group II with glibenclamide, and Group III-V were given extract of ceplikan leaves in different concentrations that were 1.6 mg, 3.2 mg, and 6.4mg, respectively. Treatment was given orally per day within 30 days. Level of blood glucose was measured in the day of 0, 3, 4, and 30. Statistical analysis used repeated measures and t-test.Result: The supply of ceplikan leaves extract could reduce level of blood glucose of diabetic rats, although the decrease was insignificant. Average diameter of wider Langerhans island occurred to the group of diabetic rats that were given extract of ceplikan leaves dosage 6.4 mg. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in changes of blood glucose level before and after experiment in diabetic rats. Pancreas histological description of rats showed that there was improvement as indicated by greater quantity of Langerhans Island and wider diameter of Langerhans Island.Conclusion: Ceplikan leaves was safe and efficacious, so that self-medication of DM using ceplikan leaves could be sustained through formal approach.
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Gagaev, S. Yu. "First record of a fossil serpulid tube (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Miocene sediments of Sakhalin (NW Pacific)." Zoosystematica Rossica 31, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2022.31.2.286.
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A fossil tube of a polychaete from the family Serpulidae Rafinesque, 1815 was found during an expedition of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1998 in the western part of Sakhalin Island. The fossil is dated to the Middle–Late Miocene. There were no previous records of fossil serpulids in the area. Based on the examination of the morphology and microstructure of the tube, it was established that the fossil belongs either to the genus Chitinopoma Levinsen 1884 or to Filogranula (Langerhans, 1884) and is very similar to the tube of the species Chitinopoma rzhavskii (Kupriyanova, 1993) which currently inhabits the northeast of the Pacific Ocean.
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BAILEY-BROCK, JULIE H., and WAGNER F. MAGALHÃES. "A new species and record of Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Cross Seamount in the Hawaiian Chain." Zootaxa 3192, no. 1 (February 14, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3192.1.4.
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A new species of the serpulid genus Metavermilia Bush, 1905 and a new record of the genus Omphalopomopsis Saint-Joseph, 1894 are described from deep-sea lava rocks collected from 2,013 m at Cross Seamount, southwest of the Hawaiiarchipelago. Metavermilia zibrowii sp. nov., differs from its congeners mostly by the presence of a simple and concaveoperculum, extent of the thoracic membrane and tube morphology. Omphalopomopsis langerhansii (Marenzeller, 1885)is the type species of the genus and it is only known through its type specimen. This species is characterized by a simpleoperculum with a shallow convex calcareous endplate, cylindrical peduncle, presence of Apomatus chaetae and high num-ber of teeth in the thoracic uncini. This is the first record of this species outside the type locality and both genera are newly recorded for the Hawaiian Islands.
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Setiawan, Muhammad Azdar, Muhammad Syaiful Saehu, and Kartini Kartini. "Uji Efek Antidiabetik Ekstrak Daun Trembesi (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr) Terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus L)." WARTA FARMASI 8, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46356/wfarmasi.v8i2.94.
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ABSTRAK
Daun trembesi (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr) adalah salah satu tanaman berkhasiat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dimana kandungan kimianya berpotensi menurunkan kadar glukosa darah antara lain flavonoid yang bekerja dengan cara menstimulasi sel- sel beta dari pulau langerhans, sehingga sekresi insulin ditingkatkan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antidiabetes ekstrak daun trembesi (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr) pada mencit (Mus musculus). Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Eksperimen dimana sebanyak 20 ekor mencit dibuat diabetes dengan menggunakan Streptozotosin 150 mg/kgBB secara Intraperitonial. Kemudian dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu: Ekstrak dosis 25 mg/kgBB, 50 mg/kgBB, 100 mg/kgBB, sebagai kontrol positif Glibenclamid 5 mg dan kontrol negatif suspensi Na.CMC 0,5%. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA. Hasil analisa statistik menunjukan pada konsentrasi ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB memberikan efek yang optimum dengan perlakuan kontrol positif Glibenklamid.
Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Daun Trembesi, Antidiabetik.
ABSTRACT
Trembesi leaf (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr) is one of the efficacious plants to reduce blood glucose levels where the chemical content has the potential to reduce blood glucose levels, among others, flavonoids that work by stimulating beta cells of the island langerhans, so that insulin secretion is increased. It aims to determine the antidiabetic effect of trembesi leaf extract (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr) in mice (Mus musculus). This research method is an experimental study in which as many as 20 mice were made diabetic using Streptozotosin 150 mg / kgBW intraperitonially. Then divided into 5 treatment groups, namely: Extract dose 25 mg / kg body weight, 50 mg / kg body weight, 100 mg / kg body weight, as positive control Glibenclamid 5 mg and negative control suspension Na.CMC 0.5%. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA test. The results of statistical analysis showed that the extract concentration of 100 mg / kgBB gave the optimum effect with the positive control of Glibenclamide. Keywords: Trembesi Leaf Extract, Antidiabetic.
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Colovic, Radoje, Marjan Micev, Nikica Grubor, and Vladimir Radak. "Somatostatinoma of the Vater's papilla in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease." Vojnosanitetski pregled 64, no. 3 (2007): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0703219c.
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Background. Somatostatinomas of the gastrointestinal tract secret hormone somatostatin which can cause "inhibitory syndrome" comprising diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis and steatorrheic diarrhea. It is also secreted by the D cells of Langerhans's islands of the pancreas as well as endocrine cells of the stomack, small bowel, salivary glands and parafollicular cells of the thiroid gland. Somatostatinomas of the digestive tract appear within the pancreas and duodenum. Patients suffering from von Recklinghausens's disease are paticularly prone to the somatostatinomas of the duodenum. Case report. In this paper we presented a 51-year old female patient with von Recklinghausen's disease in whom, during the investigation for obstructive jaundice, tumor of the Vater's papilla was found. The patient was submitted to Whipple's duodenopancreatectomy. Histology and immunohistochemistry discovered type B glandular carcinoid tumor with strong antisomatostatin and mild antigastrin immunoreactivity. The patient stayed symptom-free more than four years now. Conclusion. Patients with von Recklinghausen's disease should be examined for other tumors, particularly carcinoids of the duodenum and papilla, especially if the signs of cholestasis are present.
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Lewis, Julia M., Patrick F. Monico, Fatima N. Mirza, Suzanne Xu, Sara Yumeen, Jack L. Turban, Anjela Galan, and Michael Girardi. "Chronic UV radiation–induced RORγt+ IL-22–producing lymphoid cells are associated with mutant KC clonal expansion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (September 9, 2021): e2016963118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016963118.
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Chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is the greatest risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) development, and compromised immunity accelerates this risk. Having previously identified that epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) facilitate the expansion of UV-induced mutant keratinocytes (KC), we sought to more fully elucidate the immune pathways critical to cutaneous carcinogenesis and to identify potential targets of intervention. Herein, we reveal that chronic UV induces and LC enhance a local immune shift toward RORγt+ interleukin (IL)-22/IL-17A–producing cells that occurs in the presence or absence of T cells while identifying a distinct RORγt+ Sca-1+ CD103+ ICOS+ CD2+/− CCR6+ intracellular CD3+ cutaneous innate lymphoid cell type-3 (ILC3) population (uvILC3) that is associated with UV-induced mutant KC growth. We further show that mutant KC clone size is markedly reduced in the absence of RORγt+ lymphocytes or IL-22, both observed in association with expanding KC clones, and find that topical application of a RORγ/γt inhibitor during chronic UV exposure reduces local expression of IL-22 and IL-17A while markedly limiting mutant p53 KC clonal expansion. We implicate upstream Toll-like receptor signaling in driving this immune response to chronic UV exposure, as MyD88/Trif double-deficient mice also show substantially reduced p53 island number and size. These data elucidate key immune components of chronic UV–induced cutaneous carcinogenesis that might represent targets for skin cancer prevention.
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Fugere, Tyler, Brad Fugere, Fnu Amisha, Jim Zhongning Chen, Akash Mukherjee, Mamatha Gaddam, Muthu Veeraputhiran, and Cesar Giancarlo Gentille Sanchez. "Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma and Indeterminate Dendritic Cell Tumor: Patient Characteristics, Prognostic Factors, and Survival Outcomes for Rare Dendritic Cell Neoplasms." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 5346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-187700.
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Background Dendritic cells are nonlymphoid, nonphagocytic, antigen-presenting cells present in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissue. There are 4 types of dendritic cells: follicular, interdigitating, Langerhans, and fibroblastic cells. The WHO 2022 classification system groups dendritic cell and histiocytic neoplasms into 3 categories: plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms, Langerhans cell and other dendritic cell neoplasms, and histiocytic neoplasms. The 2nd category is subdivided into “Langerhans cells neoplasms” and “other dendritic cell neoplasms”, which contains indeterminate dendritic cell tumor (IDCT) and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS). The 2022 classification eliminated follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) as it is no longer thought to be of hematopoietic origin. A prior Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) review published in 2013 by Perkins and Shinohara grouped FDCS and IDCS and included 20 cases of IDCS diagnosed between 2001 and 2008. To our knowledge, this is the first update of epidemiologic and survival data for non-Langerhans cell and non-plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms since the WHO reclassification. Methods We used the SEER 22 database, which collects data from cancer registries covering approximately 47.9% of the U.S. population. We selected all patients with cancers falling in the “other dendritic cell neoplasms” category according to the WHO 2022 classification from 2000-2020 using International Classification of Diseases for Oncology edition 3 (ICD-O-3) code of 9757/3, which codes for IDCS but also includes IDCT. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to display the survival curves. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine p values. Results A total of 72 cases of IDCS/IDCT were identified. Median follow up was 19 months and median OS for the entire cohort was 24 months (95% CI 10-92 months). Of these patients, 61.1% (n=44) were White, 16.7% (n=12) were Hispanic, 13.8% (n=10) were Black, 5.6% (n=4) were Asian or Pacific Islander, and 2 patients were of unknown race. IDCS/IDCT was more common in males than females with a ratio of 1.77. The most common primary sites of involvement were connective tissue in 40.2% (n=29), head and neck in 16.7% (n=12), lymph nodes in 11.1% (n=8), and bone marrow in 8.3% (n=6). Patients with bone marrow involvement had a trend towards worse OS (median OS of 5 months). IDCS/IDCT is more common in adults but does occur in children and adolescents. Only 6 cases were diagnosed in patients under the age of 20 years. Patients who were under the age of 60 years at diagnosis had a median OS of 155 months compared to a median OS of only 10 months for patients who were 60 years or older at diagnosis (Figure 1, p<0.001). Staging was unknown in 12 patients. Of patients with known staging, 56.7% (n=34) had localized disease and 43.3% (n=26) had metastatic disease. Patients with localized disease at diagnosis had a better prognosis with a median OS of 120 months compared to 5 months for patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis (Figure 2, p<0.001). Treatment modality was unknown in 29 of the patients. Of patients with known treatment, 34.9% (n=15) had surgery alone, 20.9% (n=9) had chemo alone, 16.3% (n=7) had radiation alone, and 27.9% (n=12) had combination treatment. Single modality treatment regimens were most popular in patients with localized disease with 48% (n=12) of the patients with known treatment modality getting surgery alone, followed by radiation alone at 24% (n=6).The most common cause of death in this cohort was IDCS/IDCT with 76% of deaths being attributed to the cancer (n=35, there were 46 total deaths). Conclusions Though cases of IDCS and IDCT have more than tripled since 2008, it still remains the rarest type of dendritic cell neoplasm. Connective tissue, head and neck, and lymph nodes were the most common sites involved. Surgical resection was the most common treatment modality followed by chemotherapy. Clinical presentation is rare in patients under the age of 20 years. Age 60 years and older and metastatic disease were associated with poor outcomes with a signal towards worse survival when bone marrow was involved. Our study updates current knowledge of IDCS/IDCT and highlights some of the unknowns in this type of neoplasm, particularly regarding other prognostic factors including treatment effect on survival.
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Casey, Mycal, Monirul Islam, Mahran Shoukier, Lorriane Odhiambo, and Jorge E. Cortes. "Are Pivotal Trials for Drugs Approved for Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, and Multiple Myeloma Representative of the Population Demographics Affected By These Diseases?" Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-151235.
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Abstract Background: There are significant disparities in cancer care and outcomes. Many new drugs have been recently approved for hematologic malignancies through randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Equitable population participation in RCTs is important to ensure proper representation of the populations suffering from the malignancies being targeted. It is uncertain whether patients enrolled in clinical trials represent the demographics of a given malignancy. In this study, we evaluate the extent to which trials match disease burden and how trial methods and results differ across racial/ethnicity/minority disparities in participation of clinical trials. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of RCTs published from 2017 to May 2021 that led to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of hematological malignancy drugs (Leukemias, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), and Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN)). We excluded drugs approved for Amyloidosis, pediatric studies, Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm, and Erdheim-Chester Disease (Non-Langerhans Histiocytosis). The drugs investigated were selected using FDA Databases, 'Oncology (Cancer) / Hematologic Malignancies Approval Notifications' and 'Novel Drug Approvals'. A Pubmed search was conducted using the drug name and/or clinical trial number as key terms to identify manuscripts related to the approved drugs. The manuscripts were verified with respective FDA drug approval announcement to ensure that this was the appropriate study. 34 drugs were found using the inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 12 drugs had primary manuscripts with demographics including race. Data was then extracted from NIH Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) for prevalence on 1/2018 by race for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), MM, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and MDS that the 12 drugs were approved for. SEER data is collected over 13 US locations. Results: The study characteristics for the 12 drugs and demographics are found in Table 1. These included 4 drugs approved for MM, 3 for AML, 2 for ALL, and one each for CML, MDS, and hairy cell leukemia with a total of 3839 patients. The study with the largest sample included 176 sites in 14 countries, and the smallest 15 sites in 2 countries. MM studies enrolled 1757 patients, with 123 (7%) Asian/Pacific Islander patients, 50 (2.8%) Black/African American, 1452 (82.6%) Whites (including Hispanics), 1(<0.1%) Native American patient, and 131 (7.4%) did not report. AML studies enrolled 812, with 112 (13.8) were Asian/Pacific Islander, 35 (4.3%) Black/African American, 616 (75.9%) Whites (including Hispanics), and 49 (6.0%) did not report. ALL studies enrolled 623, with 62 (10%) Asian/Pacific Islander, 11(1.8%) Black/African American, 495 (79.5%) Whites (including Hispanics), and 55 (8.8%) did not report. The one MDS study enrolled 80, with 0 Asian/Pacific Islander, 2 (2.5%) Black/African American, 74 (92.5%) Whites (including Hispanics), and 4 (5.0%) did not report. The one CML study enrolled 487, with 60 (12.32%) Asian/Pacific Islander, 20 (4.11%) Black/African American, 377 (77.41%) Whites (including Hispanics), and 30 (6.16%) did not report. The one hairy cell leukemia enrolled 80: with 1 (1.3%) Asian/Pacific Islander, 1 (1.3%) Black/African American, 70 (87.5%) Whites (including Hispanics), and 8 (10%) did not report. Two studies reported ethnicity, Hispanics and Non-Hispanics. Sex was not differentiated by race in the studies. All but one study showed sex overall, with 1648 Women and 2148 Men across the 12 studies. Figure 1. shows in all diseases that Black/African-Americans are underrepresented. African Americans had an 86.5% (MM), 68.% (AML), 75.8% (ALL), and 64.2% (CML) percent lower representation compared to SEER demographics. In contrast, Asian/Pacific Islanders had a percent increase from the SEER population by 58.6% (MM), 75.3% (AML), 52.1% (ALL), and 68.3% (CML). There were significant differences in all racial categories for the four disease with the exception of Native American representation in AML and CML, and White representation in ALL and CML when compared using Z-statistics. Conclusion: The misrepresentation of minorities in pivotal clinical trials may lead to results that may not fully translate to such populations. These disparities in enrollment should be corrected in future studies. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Cortes: Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sun Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Astellas, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda, BioPath Holdings, Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bio-Path Holdings, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Dharma, Surya, Dedy Almasdy, Dwisari Dillasamola, Roslinda Rasyid, Dianty Dwi Wahyuni, and Fadhilah Afifi. "THE EFFECT OF AMINO ACID COMPOUNDS IN FERMENTED SOYBEANS AGAINST FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR IN MICE PANCREATIC β-CELLS FIGURES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.26475.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the amino acid compound in fermented soybeans against fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in mice’s pancreatic β-cell figures. This study was also done to know the effect of given combination of fertilized egg whites powder with tempe (Indonesian conventional food and the fermentation product of soybeans fermentation) in a dose of 7250 mg/kg.Methods: All of the experimental animals pancreases were designed to be damaged by given alloxan in a dose of 150 mg/kg, except for the negative control group without anything given. The experimental animals were divided into 7 groups which consist of the negative control group, positive control group, and the rests 5 group of FGF test preparation in dosages of 100; 140; 200; 300; and 425 mg/kg combined with fermented soybeans in a dose 7250 mg/kg. This experiment was conducted for 21 days, observed at 7th, 14th, and 21st day. The data analysis used is a statistical test of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-way ANOVA.Results: The result showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (p<0.05) in mice for all treatments when compared with positive controls. From the result of the histopathologic examination, pancreatic β-cells improve utterly close to the control condition (-). In the qualitative immunohistochemical examination, there was a difference in the stained pancreatic β-cells marked by yellow density. Meanwhile, the quantitative observation did not show any improvement against normal condition control (-) (p<0.05).Conclusion: The combination of egg whites and fermented soybean significantly decreased the blood glucose levels, and the occurrence of the Langerhans island cells was nearly normal.
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Mohammed, Sarah W., Zainab M. Qassam, Ekhlass M. Taha, and Nameer M. Salih. "Role of F-box WD Repeat Domain Containing 7 in Type 1 Diabetes." Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 36, no. 3 (July 20, 2023): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/36.3.3030.
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Type I diabetes (T1DM) is a chronic immune system disease characterized by the devastation or injury of ß-cells in the Langerhans Island, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. This study determines the new marker F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7). One hundred twenty type 1 diabetic patients from three different places (central child hospital, Alkindi center for diabetes and endocrinology, Children’s Education Hospital) in Iraq during the period from (20 December 2021 to 25 March 2022) an age ranges of (4-17) years. The patient group consisted of being derived to three groups: group one healthy patient group (33) was included as healthy patient, group two (20) newly diagnosed T1DM and (67) type 1 diabetic with insulin treatment. The quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) biochemical parameters were used to quantify the protein FBXW-7 levels. FBG, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, HbA1c, GOT, GPT, Total Oxidant status, and Total Antioxidant status were measured through spectrophotometry. Serum FBXW-7 protein levels were considerably elevated noticeably (p-value = 0.00). In terms of FBXW7 protein, there was a significant variation between the new and therapy groups. There was no significant variation in protein levels between the new compared to healthy groups. Serum FBXW-7 protein was positively correlated with FBG, TG, cholesterol, GOT, GPT, LDL, and VLDL, and was negatively correlated with HDL in the patient group. According to ROC analysis, the cutoff value for FBXW-7 protein was (1.9) in the newly group and (2.1) in the treatment group. Levels of FBXW-7 protein are elevated in DM patients. FBXW-7 protein was significantly different in the treatment group but not different in the newly group when compared with the healthy group.
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Desai, Krishna, Kristal Pereira, Sivaguha Yadunath Prabhakaran, Hassan Ali, Yu Yu Thar, Eugene Choi, and Rajesh Thirumaran. "Anatomical and demographic prognosticators of pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e16310-e16310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e16310.
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e16310 Background: Pancreatic cancer is known to have one of the poorest median of survival (mOS) of all cancers. It is now the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality after lung & colorectal cancer. With the current trends, understanding & knowing prognosticators can aid in determining outcomes of pancreatic cancer. Methods: The data was collected from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result database Research Plus Data, 17 Registries, Nov 2022 Sub (2000-2020). We extracted pancreatic cancer cases based on primary site encoding for head, body & tail of pancreas, Islets of Langerhans (IoL), other specified parts & overlapping lesion of pancreas, pancreas, NOS (no other specific). The analysis was further completed by comparing survival using the Log-rank test (GraphPad Prism). Results: A total of 221,304 cases were extracted between 2000-2020. The median age of diagnosis was 71 years. 50.54% were males, & 49.45% were females. The incidence rates are shown below. Whites (69.99%) were commonly affected, followed by Blacks (11.05%), Hispanics (10.79%), Asians & Pacific islanders (7.41%), Alaskan natives & American-Indians (0.57%). A distribution in anatomy was notable for head of the pancreas (46.00%), followed by tail (13.20%), body (11.34%), pancreatic duct (0.49%), IoL (0.10%). A survival curves were compared on different variables. Gender showed no statistical difference. mOS for patients diagnosed >70 years was 3 months & <70 years was 8 months (p value <0.0001, CI 0.3716 to 0.3784, HR 1.731). mOS for calculated for Whites (5), Blacks (4), Asian & Pacific islanders (6), Alaskan natives & American-Indians (4), & hispanics (5) (p value <0.0001). mOS based on involved parts of pancreas were compared for: head (6), body (6), tail (5), pancreatic duct (8), IoL (59) (p <0.0001). Conclusions: Median age of diagnosis was in 71, with a slight male predilection. Overall incidence rate is trending up. It is significantly higher for males, & is significantly lower for females than that of the general population. Whites are most commonly affected, & Alaskan natives & American natives are rarely affected. Survival is significantly greater if diagnosed <70 years. Most common site involved is the head of pancreas, & the least is IoL. mOS is ~10 times greater for IoL, but it's an endocrine pancreatic cancer which is treated differently. From the exocrine pancreas, survival is the best for pancreatic duct cancer, & the worst for pancreatic duct. If anatomic & demographic prognosticators are combined with molecular, radiologic factors, it can be beneficial in predicting the outcomes of this cancer with poor prognosis. [Table: see text]
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Kovpak, V. V. "Вплив трансплантації культур клітин на перебіг експериментального цукрового діабету у тварин." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 78 (April 7, 2017): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7809.
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As we know from the literature data, type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs due to the loss of β-cells of island of Langerhans, manufacturing insulin, by the organism, which causes its deficiency. The treatment of this type of diabetes, even at early stages, lies in the substitution therapy together with a careful control of blood glucose which may last for life. It is for this reason that the cellular technologies as an alternative method of treatment of this pathology are growing more and more relevant.Objective of the study: to study the impact of allogenic transplantation of the cultures of bone marrow, lipid tissue and pancreas cells on the course of experimentally generated diabetes mellitus in animals.Task: 1. To obtain the cultures of bone marrow, lipid tissue and pancreas cells in rats. 2. To compare the impact of allogenic transplantation of the cultures of bone marrow, lipid tissue and pancreas cells in the course of experimentally generated diabetes mellitus in rats. 3. To study the impact of pancreas cells culture on the course of experimental diabetes mellitus in cats.The studies were conducted using clinically healthy animals (30 males of white non-pedigree rats with body weight of 200–250 g, aged 4–5 months; 9 white non-pedigree junior rats aged 12 days; 4 mongrel cats aged 15–17 months) and missed fetuses of cats remained after obstetric aid.Alloxan diabetes was generated by means of single subcutaneous injection of alloxane monohydrate in the dose of 150 mg/kg in the form of 5% solution on citrate buffer (pH 4.5) after preliminary 24-hour absolute diet with free access to water.The cultures of bone marrow and pancreas cells were obtained from the bone marrow of tubular bones and pancreas of puppies aged 12 days correspondingly, lipid tissue – from rats aged 4–5 months. The culture of cats’ pancreas cells was obtained from the pancreas of cat fetuses. Cell culture process was carried out according the standard method in CO2- incubator. Glucose level in blood serum was determined by means of electrochemical analysis.The results of the study. The authors studied the impact of allogenic transplantation cells culture of bone marrow, lipid tissue and pancreas on the course of experimentally generated diabetes mellitus in rats. The study revealed the decrease of glucose level in the blood of the animals under investigation at cell material transplantation. The most efficient culture for experimental diabetes mellitus therapy is the culture of pancreas cells which has become the cause of its further study in cats.During allogenic transplantation cells culture of pancreas in cats the authors observed abrupt decrease of glucose level in the blood of the animals under investigation immediately after cell transplantation with the further approximation to the initial state.The experimental models presented the positive effect of cell culture transplantation providing the grounds for the further implementation of this diabetes mellitus therapy method in the clinical practice.
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Susilawati, Elis, I. Ketut Adnyana, and Neng Fisheri. "Aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun singawalang (Petiveria alliacea L.) dan fraksinya sebagai antidiabetes." Kartika : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi 5, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v5i2.113.
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<p><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah sekelompok gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai efek antidiabetes adalah daun singawalang (<em>Petiveria alliacea</em> L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antidiabetes dengan model hewan defisiensi insulin dan penghambatan enzim alfa glukosidase. Pengujian defisiensi insulin dilakukan menggunakan mencit induksi aloksan. Mencit dikelompokkan menjadi 11 kelompok, yaitu normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (glibenklamid 0,65 mg/kgbb), ekstrak etanol (dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb), fraksi n-heksana (dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb), fraksi etil asetat (dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb), dan fraksi air (dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb). Pemberian bahan uji dilakukan berulang setiap hari selama 14 hari dan kadar glukosa darah diukur pada hari ke-7, 14, 17, dan 19. Kemudian hewan dikorbankan, dilakukan isolasi pankreas, dan dihitung luas pulau Langerhans, jumlah sel alfa dan beta pankreas. Pada uji hambat enzim alfa glukosidase, dilakukan penentuan nilai IC50 tiap fraksi terhadap aktivitas enzim, dan akarbose digunakan sebagai pembanding. Hasil uji defisiensi insulin menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb memiliki kemampuan untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Berdasarkan hasil histologi pankreas juga menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb mengurangi jumlah sel alfa pankreas, diperkirakan dapat menurunkan sekresi glukagon. Pada metode penghambatan enzim alfa glukosidase fraksi <em>n</em>-heksana dan fraksi air menunjukkan adanya penghambatan aktivitas enzim alfa glukosidase yang lebih baik dibandingkan akarbose. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ektrak etanol daun singawalang dan fraksinya mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> Daun singawalang, defisiensi insulin, enzim alfa glukosidase.</p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>In vivo and in vitro activity of ethanol extracts from the leaves of singawalang (Petiveria alliacea l.) and its fractions as antidiabetic</em></strong></p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p align="center"><em> </em></p><p><em>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. One of the plants that has antidiabet</em><em>ic</em><em> effect is the leaves of singawalang (Petitiia alliacea L.). This study aims to examine antidiabetic activity with animal model of insulin deficiency and inhibition of alpha glucosidase enzyme. Tests of insulin deficiency were performed using alloxan induction mice. The mice were grouped into 11 groups, normal, negative control, positive control (glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kgb</em><em>w</em><em>), ethanol extract (doses 80 and 160 </em><em>mg/</em><em>kgb</em><em>w</em><em>), n-hexane fractions (doses 80 and 160 </em><em>mg/</em><em>kgb</em><em>w</em><em>), ethyl acetate doses 80 and 160 </em><em>mg/</em><em>kgb</em><em>w</em><em>), and water fractions (doses of 80 and 160 </em><em>mg/</em><em>kgb</em><em>w</em><em>). Testing was performed daily for 14 days and blood glucose was measured on days 7, 14, 17, and 19. Later animals were sacrificed, isolated pancreas, and calculated the area of Langerhans Island, the number of alpha and beta cells of the pancreas. In the alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition test, IC50 values were determined for each fraction of enzyme activity, and the acarbose was used as a comparison. Insulin deficiency test results showed that ethanol extract dose 80 and 160 mg/kg b</em><em>w</em><em> has the ability to lower blood glucose levels. Based on histological results of the pancreas also showed that ethanol extract dose 80 and 160 mg/</em><em>k</em><em>gb</em><em>w</em><em> reduce the number of pancreatic alpha cells, is expected to decrease glucagon secretion. In the inhibition method of alpha glucosidase enzyme n-hexane fraction and water fraction showed the inhibition of alpha glucosidase enzyme activity better than akarbose. The conclusion of this research is the ethanol extract </em><em>of </em><em>singawalang</em><em> leaves</em><em> and fraction has activity as antidiabetes</em><em>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Diabetes mellitus, leaf singawalang, insulin deficiency, the enzyme alpha-glucosidase.</p>
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Susilawati, Elis, I. Ketut Adnyana, and Neng Fisheri. "Aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun singawalang (Petiveria alliacea L.) dan fraksinya sebagai antidiabetes." Kartika : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi 5, no. 2 (March 25, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v5i2.131.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah sekelompok gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai efek antidiabetes adalah daun singawalang (<em>Petiveria alliacea</em> L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antidiabetes dengan model hewan defisiensi insulin dan penghambatan enzim alfa glukosidase. Pengujian defisiensi insulin dilakukan menggunakan mencit induksi aloksan. Mencit dikelompokkan menjadi 11 kelompok, yaitu normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (glibenklamid 0,65 mg/kgbb), ekstrak etanol (dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb), fraksi n-heksana (dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb), fraksi etil asetat (dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb), dan fraksi air (dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb). Pemberian bahan uji dilakukan berulang setiap hari selama 14 hari dan kadar glukosa darah diukur pada hari ke-7, 14, 17, dan 19. Kemudian hewan dikorbankan, dilakukan isolasi pankreas, dan dihitung luas pulau Langerhans, jumlah sel alfa dan beta pankreas. Pada uji hambat enzim alfa glukosidase, dilakukan penentuan nilai IC50 tiap fraksi terhadap aktivitas enzim, dan akarbose digunakan sebagai pembanding. Hasil uji defisiensi insulin menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb memiliki kemampuan untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Berdasarkan hasil histologi pankreas juga menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dosis 80 dan 160 mg/kgbb mengurangi jumlah sel alfa pankreas, diperkirakan dapat menurunkan sekresi glukagon. Pada metode penghambatan enzim alfa glukosidase fraksi <em>n</em>-heksana dan fraksi air menunjukkan adanya penghambatan aktivitas enzim alfa glukosidase yang lebih baik dibandingkan akarbose. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ektrak etanol daun singawalang dan fraksinya mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> Daun singawalang, defisiensi insulin, enzim alfa glukosidase.</p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>In vivo and in vitro activity of ethanol extracts from the leaves of singawalang (Petiveria alliacea l.) and its fractions as antidiabetic</em></strong></p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p align="center"><em> </em></p><p><em>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. One of the plants that has antidiabet</em><em>ic</em><em> effect is the leaves of singawalang (Petitiia alliacea L.). This study aims to examine antidiabetic activity with animal model of insulin deficiency and inhibition of alpha glucosidase enzyme. Tests of insulin deficiency were performed using alloxan induction mice. The mice were grouped into 11 groups, normal, negative control, positive control (glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kgb</em><em>w</em><em>), ethanol extract (doses 80 and 160 </em><em>mg/</em><em>kgb</em><em>w</em><em>), n-hexane fractions (doses 80 and 160 </em><em>mg/</em><em>kgb</em><em>w</em><em>), ethyl acetate doses 80 and 160 </em><em>mg/</em><em>kgb</em><em>w</em><em>), and water fractions (doses of 80 and 160 </em><em>mg/</em><em>kgb</em><em>w</em><em>). Testing was performed daily for 14 days and blood glucose was measured on days 7, 14, 17, and 19. Later animals were sacrificed, isolated pancreas, and calculated the area of Langerhans Island, the number of alpha and beta cells of the pancreas. In the alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition test, IC50 values were determined for each fraction of enzyme activity, and the acarbose was used as a comparison. Insulin deficiency test results showed that ethanol extract dose 80 and 160 mg/kg b</em><em>w</em><em> has the ability to lower blood glucose levels. Based on histological results of the pancreas also showed that ethanol extract dose 80 and 160 mg/</em><em>k</em><em>gb</em><em>w</em><em> reduce the number of pancreatic alpha cells, is expected to decrease glucagon secretion. In the inhibition method of alpha glucosidase enzyme n-hexane fraction and water fraction showed the inhibition of alpha glucosidase enzyme activity better than akarbose. The conclusion of this research is the ethanol extract </em><em>of </em><em>singawalang</em><em> leaves</em><em> and fraction has activity as antidiabetes</em><em>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Diabetes mellitus, leaf singawalang, insulin deficiency, the enzyme alpha-glucosidase.
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Sarbaz Hoseini, Zahra, Mahdi Alizadeh Vaghasloo, Shima Ababzadeh, Hamid Heidari, Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi, Azam Khalaj, and Majid Asghari. "The Effect of Combination Therapy (Thermal Therapy and Oxymel) on Insulin Resistance and Langerhans Islands in Diabetic Rats." Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 21, no. 8 (August 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.90752.
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Yaturramadhan Harahap, Hasni, Cory Linda Futri, Dalimunthe Aminah, and Widyawati Tri. "Dayak Onion Tuber (Eleutherine Bulbosa (Mill) (Urb) Extract Ethanol Test on The Histopatological Description of Pancreas Wistar Rat Inducted Streptozotocin." KnE Social Sciences, March 3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i4.12972.
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This study aimed to determine the effect of Dayak Union tuber (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill) Urb) ethanol extract on the regeneration of pancreatic β cells of Wistar rats induced streptozotocin. This research is laboratory experimental study by using 30 rats, they are divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 6 rats, they are group 1 (normal control), group 2 (sick control) was given Na CMC 1 % b/v, Group 3 (positive control) was given glibenclamide at a dose of 0.25 mg / KgBW, Group 4,5 and 6 were given (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill) Urb) extract at a dose of 125 mg / KgBB, 250 mg / KgBB and 500 mg / kgBW orally for 15 consecutive days. The histopathological damage level of the pancreas was observed with HE staining using a 400x magnification Olympus Cx-21 microscope. The result of the study showed that there were secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins in the ethanol extract of Eleutherine palmifolia (Mill) Urb); The histopathological description showed that the damage to the structure of Langerhans islands and only a dose of 500 mg / KgBB the ethanol extract of Eleutherine palmifolia (Mill) Urb) showed improvement.
Keywords: Dayak Onion Tuber; histopathological; extract ethanol
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Corbin, Kathryn L., Hannah L. West, Samantha Brodsky, Nicholas B. Whitticar, William J. Koch, and Craig S. Nunemaker. "A Practical Guide to Rodent Islet Isolation and Assessment Revisited." Biological Procedures Online 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12575-021-00143-x.
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AbstractInsufficient insulin secretion is a key component of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Since insulin is released by the islets of Langerhans, obtaining viable and functional islets is critical for research and transplantation. The effective and efficient isolation of these small islands of endocrine cells from the sea of exocrine tissue that is the rest of the pancreas is not necessarily simple or quick. Choosing and administering the digestive enzyme, separation of the islets from acinar tissue, and culture of islets are all things that must be considered. The purpose of this review is to provide a history of the development of islet isolation procedures and to serve as a practical guide to rodent islet research for newcomers to islet biology. We discuss key elements of mouse islet isolation including choosing collagenase, the digestion process, purification of islets using a density gradient, and islet culture conditions. In addition, this paper reviews techniques for assessing islet viability and function such as visual assessment, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and intracellular calcium measurements. A detailed protocol is provided that describes a common method our laboratory uses to obtain viable and functional mouse islets for in vitro study. This review thus provides a strong foundation for successful procurement and purification of high-quality mouse islets for research purposes.
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"Arbutus Unedo Honey and Propolis Ameliorate Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Liver Injury, and Proteinuria via Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Activity in Streptozotocin-Treated Rats." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 56, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33594/000000496.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Honey and propolis have biological and therapeutic effects in various pathological and clinical conditions such as hyperglycemia and diabetes. However, the combined use of honey and propolis has not been reported. The study evaluated the protective effect of Arbutus unedo honey, propolis and their combination in streptozotocin (STR)-induced hyperglycemia, acute kidney injury (AKI), liver injury, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria in male Wistar rats. METHODS: The study identified physicochemical characteristics, mineral and antioxidant content, and antioxidant activity in honey and propolis. Rats were assigned to five groups, with five rats in each group; control, STR-treated, STR-treated + honey (1g/kg/day), STR-treated + propolis (100 mg/day), and STR-treated + honey and propolis. On day 15, blood glucose, insulin, HBA1c, kidney function tests, liver enzymes, lipid profile, hemoglobin, and urine protein, creatinine, glucose, and electrolytes were analyzed. Liver, pancreas, and kidney tissues were studied histologically. The mineral component in honey and propolis was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Honey analysis was performed by HPLC. Chemical characterization of propolis was performed by LC/DAD/ESI-MSn . Measurement of blood and urine parameters was carried out with an automated analyzer (Architect c8000) and XT-1800i Automated Hematology Analyzer. Insulin concentration was determined by Elisa and insulin resistance was estimated by using HOMA-IR. RESULTS: Honey and propolis contain a high quantity of antioxidants and exhibit in vitro antioxidant activity. In STR-treated rats, blood glucose, HBA1c, creatinine, blood urea, liver enzymes, and urine protein significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05), while insulin, hemoglobin, and body weight significantly decreased. Histological changes were evident in the pancreas, kidney, and liver tissues. These results indicated AKI, liver injury, and pancreatic injury, which was evident with reducing the number of the island of Langerhans and marked hyperglycemia. The use of honey and propolis significantly (P<0.05) attenuated liver and kidney injury, and proteinuria, and improved level of hemoglobin, HBA1c, and insulin toward the normal range. The combination of honey and propolis was more effective than honey or propolis individually (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: the combination of propolis and honey can prevent STR-induced AKI, liver injury, proteinuria, dyslipidemia, anemia, hyperglycemia, and body weight loss, most likely by their hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities.