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1
Yakovleva, N. M. "Argentina vs Great Britain: the trajectory of one conflict." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 10, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-3-123-135.
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40 years ago, on April 2, 1982, Argentina made a failed attempt by military means to establish sovereignty over the archipelago in the South Atlantic, which was under the jurisdiction of Great Britain. The war was the result of a two-century dispute over the ownership of the islands. Upon joining the UN in 1945, Buenos Aires loudly announced its claims to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and began to seek from the international community to recognize its claims as legitimate. Since then, the problem has been a red thread through the history of the country. The policy of the Argentine authorities on the issue of disputed territories developed with a pendulum dynamic. Periods of de-escalation of the conflict and the development of cooperation with Great Britain, coupled with a friendly attitude towards the islanders, were replaced by phases of the dominance of irreconcilable discourse with a strong demand for the “termination of the colonization policy” by the British authorities. Relations between Argentina and Great Britain after the end of hostilities can be divided into several stages. Regardless of the direction of the course of the next government, the issue of sovereignty over disputed territories has never been removed from the agenda. The Argentine side certainly used the “Malvinas question” as an instrument of domestic policy. Currently, the conflict is in a latent phase with no prospect of an early resolution.
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Krelenko, Denis M. "The factor of the Canarian archipelago in the contexts of pacification Francoist Spain and hegemonic competition (1940–1942)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 23, no. 1 (February 21, 2023): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2023-23-1-79-87.
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This article is devoted to highlighting the international problems of the initial period of World War II that arose around the status of Gibraltar and the Canary Islands. Spain maintained military-political neutrality in the war. The countries participating in the armed conflict (USA, Great Britain, Nazi Germany) tried to use the territories belonging to Spain to their advantage. In 1941–1942 the British leadership developed several options for subordinating the Canary Islands to the UK. The article deals with operations Bugler, Chatney, Puma and Pilgrim. The author analyzes the features of these projects and the reasons that did not allow them to be implemented. The attention is focused on the different positions of the USA and Great Britain on the status of Spain and the Canaries. The contradictions between the allied powers allowed Spain to save the Canary archipelago. The article concludes that the British strategy was flawed because it diverted large forces needed on other fronts of the world confrontation.
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Ponomarenko, A. N. "The Role of the Referendum on Self-Determination in the Constitutional and Legal Mechanism for the Implementation of Democracy in Great Britain." Actual Problems of Russian Law 18, no. 9 (August 14, 2023): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2023.154.9.166-174.
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Ten years ago, the United Kingdom was faced with a challenge related to issues of territorial integrity of the state. The paper analyzes the constitutional and legal practice related to holding referendums on selfdetermination of peoples in the Falkland Islands, Scotland and the referendum on the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union (Brexit). Comparative legal analysis of the referendums under consideration consists in comparing such criteria as: the prerequisites for a referendum on self-determination, the organizational and legal regulation of the referendum, political and legal consequences of the referendum. It is noted that the role of the institution of referendum in the constitutional and legal mechanism for the implementation of democracy in Great Britain occupies a special place. The use by the British Government of the institution of a referendum to legitimize the decisions on self-determination of the Falkland Islands, Scotland and on secession from the European Union made it possible to achieve the set goals, namely: the Falkland Islands and Scotland remained part of the United Kingdom; the exit from the European Union took place. Based on a binary analysis of the internal and external aspects of the right of peoples to self-determination, which implies taking into account international legal and domestic consequences in the event of the realization of this right, the most noticeable trends are highlighted.
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Carassai, Sebastián. "‘The Dagger of Dispossession Will Be Ripped Out’: The Malvinas/Falkland Islands in Argentine Song (1941–82)." Journal of Latin American Studies 53, no. 4 (November 2021): 717–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x21000766.
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AbstractIn April 1982, Great Britain and Argentina went to war over the Falkland Islands/Malvinas. On 14 June, the defeated Argentine military began the evacuation of the Islands. Most Argentines came to view this short war as an absurd adventure entered into by a military dictatorship in decline trying to cling on to power. Yet by analysing Argentine songs about the Malvinas from 1941 to 1982, this article shows that the national imaginary had long included ideas of sovereignty usurped and captive islands awaiting redemption. Argentine songs about the Malvinas, I maintain, can be analysed as expressions of an ‘emotional community’ around the Islands. By examining the emphases, constants and changes in the songs emerging from that community, we get a clearer picture of how ideas about the territory and its recovery changed over time.
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Beerman, Eric. "The Last Battle of the American Revolution: Yorktown. No, The Bahamas! (The Spanish-American Expedition to Nassau in 1782)." Americas 45, no. 1 (July 1988): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007328.
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History generally records Lord Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown in October 1781 as the last battle of the American Revolution. Nevertheless, six months after that epic campaign, warships of the South Carolina Navy commanded by Commodore Alexander Gillon, transported Spanish General Juan Manuel de Cagigal's infantrymen from Havana to Nassau in the Bahamas, where the British capitulated on May 8, 1782. Thus, the Treaty of Versailles signed the following year made this little-known Spanish and American expedition the last battle of the American Revolution.The Bahamas, or Lucayos, an archipelago off the southeastern coast of the United States, take on increasing historical interest with the approach of the 500th Anniversary of Columbus's first landing in the New World 200 miles southeast of Nassau at Guanahani. The Bahamas, however, played only a minor role in the Spanish colonization of the Americas whereas, Great Britain gave priority to these strategic islands, making an initial settlement on the island of Eleuthera. The British later found a better harbor to the west and named the island New Providence which became their Bahama stronghold. King Charles II granted the Duke of Albemarle the Bahamas in 1670 and appointed John Wentworth as governor. Harrassed by plundering pirates, the British governor constructed a fort on New Providence in 1695 and named it Nassau in honor of King William III. The island's preoccupation changed in 1703 from marauding corsairs to a Spanish and French invasion during the War of the Spanish Succession. Great Britain regained control and maintained it until the outbreak of the American Revolution when John Paul Jones participated in the brief American seizure of Nassau in March 1776 in one of the first offensive operations in the history of the United States Navy.
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Kazakov, Vladimir. "Conflict in the South Atlantics: geopolitical aspect." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2024, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202403statyi10.
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The article examines the South Atlantic Conflict the Falklands (Malvinas) War between Great Britain and Argentina in 1982 in terms of geopolitics as the military regime in Argentina (1976-1983) considered that geopolitical motives were very important in foreign policy. According to military elite the South Atlantic was an ocean of increasing strategic and the growing economic importance. The Falklands (Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands were much more than islands for Argentina. They represented the basis of her maritime domain and had economic importance due to their wealth in fish, oil and minerals. Without access to the South Atlantic it would not be possible far Argentina to transform into regional power. This was the reason that made Argentina occupy the islands on April 2,1982.
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Griffiths, Darralyn, Kevin Walters, and Sean Casey. "COVID-19 preparedness and response in the Pitcairn Islands: keeping one of the world’s smallest and most isolated populations safe in a pandemic." Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2024.15.2.1068.
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Problem: While the COVID-19 pandemic threatened the entire world, the extremely remote Pitcairn Islands faced unique vulnerabilities. With only a physician and a nurse to care for an ageing population of fewer than 40 residents, and with very limited referral pathways, Pitcairn encountered distinct challenges in preparing for and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Context: The Pitcairn Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consisting of four islands in the South Pacific: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno. Pitcairn is the only inhabited island with a local resident population of approximately 31 people, around half of whom were over 60 years old in 2023. The islands are only accessible by sea and are located more than 2000 km from the nearest referral hospital in French Polynesia. Actions: Pitcairn’s Island Council took aggressive action to delay the importation of SARS-CoV-2, vaccinate its small population and prepare for the potential arrival of the virus. Outcomes: As of May 2024, Pitcairn was one of the only jurisdictions in the world not to have had a single COVID-19 hospitalization or death. Nevertheless, the pandemic presented the islands’ population with many economic, social and health challenges. Discussion: Pitcairn’s population avoided COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths despite its elderly population’s vulnerability to COVID-19, a significant level of comorbidities, and limited clinical management capabilities and options for emergency referrals. The pandemic highlighted some of the population’s health vulnerabilities while also underscoring some of their innate strengths.
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Lugovskoy, A. V., Y. S. Pestushko, and E. V. Savelova. "Insularity as a core of ethnocultural identity (a comparative study of Great Britain and Japan)." Japanese Studies in Russia, no. 3 (October 12, 2023): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2023-3-49-62.
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The formation of cultural characteristics of a nation as well as the peculiarities of its worldview and ethnic psychology are largely influenced by the geographical factor which comprises the location of a country, its climate, the access or absence of access to seas, oceans, etc. One of relatively new terms in the Russian and foreign humanities is “insularity” which is understood as “isolated origin,” or “island location,” or “the island effect.” The notion of insularity is not only constituted by the fact of geographic isolation, but it also includes certain cultural, political, and ethnocultural features. The study aims to analyze the effect of the geographic insulation of Great Britain and Japan on the formation of island mentality and specific socio-cultural characteristics of these two island nations. The authors discuss the defining role of the geographical factor in the formation of the aforesaid characteristics of the British and the Japanese. The article particularly focuses on the study of national character traits typical of the two insular cultures. The study argues that the insular location of Great Britain and Japan as well as the climatic and natural conditions of these countries not only predetermined the specifics of human settlement and their economy but also shaped the mentality and worldviews of the people inhabiting the islands. The key factor in forming the national identity of both the British and the Japanese is the image of the Other, the image of the enemy. The distinction between the Self and the Other has underpinned a number of key national values. At the same time, the insular cultures of the UK and Japan display certain differences. Japan is a country with a distinct hierarchical social organization in which respect for older people and superiors is a key cultural characteristic. In contrast, the UK has a less hierarchical individualistic society. Furthermore, Japan is more conventional from the point of view of its cultural and religious institutions, norms and values. In its turn, the UK is more modern and possesses an ability to flexibly incorporate other cultural traits and new ideas. Finally, Japanese culture focuses more on collectivist practices whereas the UK being partly under the influence of European mentality is more oriented towards individualism and personal freedom.
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García Cabrera, Marta. "El control de la opinión pública canaria durante la Gran Guerra (1914-1918): propaganda y diplomacia extranjera." Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia 22, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51349/veg.2022.1.10.
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La posición estratégica de Canarias convirtió al archipiélago en un enclave destacado de la Primera Guerra Mundial. La guerra trastocó el panorama comunicativo insular y movilizó un amplio debate sociocultural en el que también participaron los organismos diplomáticos y propagandísticos internacionales, las compañías navieras y las colonias extranjeras. Este artículo analiza los esfuerzos desplegados por las potencias extranjeras para dirigir a la opinión pública canaria entre 1914 y 1918, describiendo las maquinarias propagandísticas de Francia, Alemania y Gran Bretaña, así como los instrumentos empleados para difundir sus mensajes en las islas. The strategic position of the Canary Islands made the archipelago a prominent enclave of the First World War. The war disrupted the island’s communication, sparking a broad sociocultural debate that also took in international diplomatic and propaganda organizations, shipping companies and foreign colonies. This article analyses the efforts made by foreign powers to direct Canarian public opinion between 1914 and 1918, describing the messages and propaganda apparatus of France, Germany, and Great Britain, as well as the instruments of dissemination employed on the islands.
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Banyard, Ashley C., Fabian Z. X. Lean, Caroline Robinson, Fiona Howie, Glen Tyler, Craig Nisbet, James Seekings, et al. "Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Great Skuas: A Species of Conservation Concern in Great Britain." Viruses 14, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020212.
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The UK and Europe have seen successive outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza across the 2020/21 and 2021/22 autumn/winter seasons. Understanding both the epidemiology and transmission of these viruses in different species is critical to aid mitigating measures where outbreaks cause extensive mortalities in both land- and waterfowl. Infection of different species can result in mild or asymptomatic outcomes, or acute infections that result in high morbidity and mortality levels. Definition of disease outcome in different species is of great importance to understanding the role different species play in the maintenance and transmission of these pathogens. Further, the infection of species that have conservation value is also important to recognise and characterise to understand the impact on what might be limited wild populations. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has been detected in great skuas (Stercorarius skua) across different colonies on islands off the shore of Scotland, Great Britain during summer 2021. A large number of great skuas were observed as developing severe clinical disease and dying during the epizootic and mortalities were estimated to be high where monitored. Of eight skuas submitted for post-mortem examination, seven were confirmed as being infected with this virus using a range of diagnostic assays. Here we overview the outbreak event that occurred in this species, listed as species of conservation concern in Great Britain and outline the importance of this finding with respect to virus transmission and maintenance.
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Mukhopadhyay, Aju. "Tagore and Naipaul on Indian and European Civilisations: Patriotic and Biassed Views Changed their Perspectives." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 4, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v4i2.73.
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V. S. Naipaul was writer of Indian origin writer settled in Great Britain and Rabindranath Tagore was Bengali writer born and brought up in India. Both were Nobel Laureates in Literature. Based on their overall behavior and treatment with the colonized people, Tagore a patriot to the core, saw and judged the foreign colonisers from his Indian patriotic point of view. He realised how and why they sucked India for their own benefit to the utter neglect of Indians. But Naipaul’s ancestors migrated perhaps under compulsion to the Caribbean islands where Naipaul was born (Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobagos). He settled in England and stayed put there for the major part of his life. Compared to his background Britain was new found paradise for him. Ambitious, he studied English and was imbued in their culture. He wrote as if Britain was more than his birth land. He was awarded Nobel Prize as a British, a European. From his perspective he was not only indebted but deeply moved to love that country and continent. His name and fame spread from there. India had nothing to do about it except his Indian origin background taking the clue from his ancestors. He had some tilt towards India nothing of it remained when India was compared to Britan or Europe. He was obliged to see the world through their spectacles. His ideas and favour for Britain and Europe was generated by his position and interest in life. Judged Neutrally it was a biased view.
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SÉRUSIAUX, Emmanuël, Franz BERGER, Maarten BRAND, and Pieter van den BOOM. "The lichen genus Porina in Macaronesia, with descriptions of two new species." Lichenologist 39, no. 1 (December 22, 2006): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282907005993.
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Detailed studies on the lichen genus Porina in Macaronesia have led to a reappraisal of the genuine identity of Porina atlantica (Erichsen) P. M. Jørg., a characteristic species that has previously been confused with P. guaranitica, P. heterospora, P. nucula, P. mastoidea or P. rhodostoma in the literature, and is here reported from Madeira, the Canary Islands, Ireland, France and Portugal. Two new species are described: P. effilata Brand & Sérus. sp. nov. (known from Madeira, the Canary Islands, Great Britain, Ireland and Portugal) and P. ocoteae Brand & Sérus. sp. nov. (restricted to La Palma, Canary Islands, and São Jorge in the Azores). Porina leptospora Nyl. is recognized at the species level, and P. isidiata Kalb & Hafellner is reduced into synonymy with P. atlantica. A key to all known species of Porina in Macaronesia is provided.
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Сысолятин, Б. В. "MUSICAL FOLKLORE OF GREAT BRITAIN IN PERCY GRAINGER’S OEUVRE." Music Journal of Northern Europe, no. 2(22) (May 8, 2024): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.61908/2413-0486.2020.22.2.33-51.
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В XX веке мир искусства искал новые способы выразительности. Академические каноны больше не работали, и поэтому многие художники, музыканты и писатели обратили свой взгляд на то, что ранее считалось экзотикой или низкой традицией, которую ещё надо облагородить. Австралийский композитор и выдающийся пианист Перси Грейнджер (1882–1961) был одним из таких новых творцов. Согласно собственной творческой философии он принялся искать новый музыкальный язык в природе и в «примитивном искусстве» – в фольклоре. Свои поиски он начал с фольклора Британских остров. Вместе с английскими композиторами, в начале XX века заинтересовавшимися народным искусством Великобритании (такими как Ральф Воан-Уильямс, Сирил Скотт, Сэсил Шарп и др.), он устраивал «охоту за песнями», во время которой колесил по английским графствам в поисках народной музыки. Он вошёл в историю музыки как дотошный исследователь, новатор и как композитор умело усвоивший язык и особенности британских народных мелодий. В статье рассказывается об особенностях исследовательского и композиторского метода Перси Грейнджера, а также рассматриваются некоторые его яркие произведения, в которых он применил опыт, полученный во время своих этномузыкологических экспедиций. In the 20th century the world of art was in the search of new ways of artistic expressiveness. Academic canons were not working anymore, and a lot of artists, musicians, and writers turned their eyes to what had been considered an exotic art or a low tradition which needed refining. An Australian composer and a distinguished pianist Percy Grainger (1882–1961) was one of those new creators. In accordance with his own creative philosophy, he started searching for a new musical language in nature and in the “primitive art” – in folklore. He began his search from the musical folklore of the British islands. Together with the English composers who in the beginning of 20th century became interested in folk art of Great Britain (such as Ralph Vaughan Williams, Cyril Scott, Cecil Sharp, and others), he organized “folk-song-hunts”, during which he travelled about England’s counties in search of folk music. He went down in music history as a meticulous researcher, an innovator, and a composer who skillfully absorbed the language and features of British folk tunes. The article covers the peculiarities of Percy Grainger’s methods of research and composing music. In addition, the article examines some of the composer’s outstanding works in which he used the experience gained during his ethnomusicological expeditions.
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Sumardiman, Adi. "AFFIDAVIT OF ADMIRAL ADI SUMARDIMAN (before the International Court of Justice - October 8, 1999)." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 33, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol33.no1.1366.
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Prior to arriving in Kuala Lumpur, I was in charge of organising the geographical data on Indonesia. including hydrographical or topographical survey reports and maps of neighboring States showing the location of islands and delimitation constructions. I asked the Head of theGroup for the opportunity to collect abroad those informations for a last check of Indonesian territory and delimitation lines based on foreign maps . Malaysian maps were made by the British who had been using datum that were different from those of the maps of tile former Netherlands East-Indies. In this connection, I was aware of numbers of foreign maps which showed the international boundary between Indonesia and Malaysia running due east from the Island of Sebatik along the 4° 10'N parallel established by the 1891 Convention between The Netherlandsand Great Britain.
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STANZIANI, ALESSANDRO. "Local Bondage in Global Economies: Servants, wage earners, and indentured migrants in nineteenth-century France, Great Britain, and the Mascarene Islands." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 4 (February 28, 2013): 1218–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000698.
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AbstractThis paper compares the definitions, practices, and legal constraints on labour in Britain, France, Mauritius, and Reunion Island in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It argues that the way in which indentured labour was defined and practised in the colonies was linked to the definition and practice of wage labour in Europe and that their development was interconnected. The types of bondage that existed in the colonies were extreme forms of the notion, practices, and rules of labour in Europe. It would have been impossible to develop the indenture contract in the British and French empires if wage earners in Britain and France had not been servants. The conceptions and practices of labour in Europe and its main colonies influenced each other and were part of a global dynamic.
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Dingle, Lesley, and Bradley Miller. "A summary of recent constitutional reform in the United Kingdom." International Journal of Legal Information 33, no. 1 (2005): 71–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500004650.
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Legislative competence for the UK resides in the Westminster Parliament, but there are three legal systems (England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland) with separate courts and legal professions. These legal systems have a unified final court of appeal in the House of Lords. The Isle of Man, and the two Channel Islands (Guernsey and Jersey) are not part of the UK, but possessions of the crown. Although their citizens are subject to the British Nationality Act 1981, the islands have their own legal systems. They are represented by the UK government for the purposes of international relations, but are not formal members of the European Union.
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Harvey, Brian. "Changing fortunes on the Aran Islands in the 1890s." Irish Historical Studies 27, no. 107 (May 1991): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002112140001052x.
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By the turn of the twentieth century the west of Ireland had become a geographical expression synonymous with poverty and destitution. Whilst in the eighteenth century Connacht was regarded as inaccessible, it was not considered to be overpopulated, hungry or poverty-stricken. Its economic and social condition began to change for the worse in the nineteenth century. From 1816-17 onwards the western seaboard was affected more and more severely by a series of famines and localised distress and typhus. Hardship on the islands off Mayo and Galway was so severe in 1822-3 that London philanthropists set up a committee to launch a large-scale relief programme. The committee blamed the distress on potato failure, ‘want of employment’, high rents and low agricultural prices.The deterioration in economic and social conditions is considered to have been exacerbated by the equalisation of the currencies of, and the removal of tariffs between, Ireland and Great Britain in the mid 1820s. Some rural industries, like textiles, glass and kelp-production, were wiped out. The resistance of the western economy to natural disaster was thereby severely weakened. The western isles were hit badly by the distress of 1835 and even more so by the Great Famine ten years later. Rents remained high whilst incomes fell.
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Rettinger, Renata, and Małgorzata Rozmus. "Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie wielkości ruchu turystycznego w Grecji." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 16 (January 1, 2010): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.16.22.
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Owing to its features, Greece is a country that can meet a whole range of tourist expectations. The country is a popular destination – the number of tourists is constantly increasing; in 2007 the number amounted to 18,754,593 visitors, over 92% of whom were Europeans. Greece is the most popular with the citizens of the Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Holland, France, and the neighbouring countries – Bulgaria, Albania and Macedonia. However, the tourism intensity is spatially differentiated. Attica and the South Aegean region, Ionian Islands and Crete enjoy the highest popularity among tourists. The regions of islands are most intensely visited, while the lowest intensity of tourism is observed in Epirus and West Macedonia. The highest tourism intensity ratio is observed in the case of the South Aegean region, and the lowest – in West Macedonia.
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Pelozuelo, Laurent. "First observations of the Atlantic beach cricket, Pseudomogoplistes vicentae (Grylloidea: Mogoplistidae), in the Basque autonomous community, Spain." Journal of Orthoptera Research 30, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.52634.
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The Atlantic beach cricket Pseudomogoplistes vicentae Gorochov, 1996 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Mogoplistidae) is among the rare Orthoptera species that live exclusively in coastal habitats. It inhabits cobble beaches from North Africa to Great Britain, with populations known in Morocco, Portugal, Spain, France, Channel Islands, Wales and England. P. vicentae was found on the Spanish continental coast for the first time in 2018, in Asturias. The discovery of three populations in the Basque autonomous community (Northern Spain) is reported here, and useful information for increasing its detection and monitoring its populations is provided.
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Beltrà, A., A. Soto, J. F. Germain, D. Matile-Ferrero, G. Mazzeo, G. Pellizzari, A. Russo, J. C. Franco, and D. J. Williams. "The Bougainvillea mealybug Phenacoccus peruvianus, a rapid invader from South America to Europe." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11581.
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Scale insects are frequent invaders of new territories. The Bougainvillea mealybug, Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink, 2007, was recorded in Europe for the first time in 1999 in Spain (Almeria) and later in 2002 in Italy (Sicily). Initially, this unknown species was identified provisionally as Phenacoccus sp. Records of this species became frequent later when it was found in other localities in Spain (including the Balearic Islands), Great Britain, France (including Corsica), Monaco, and Portugal. The host plants of this mealybug were in most cases species of Bougainvillea.
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De Deckker, Paul. "Decolonisation Processes in the South Pacific Islands: A Comparative Analysis between Metropolitan Powers." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 26, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v26i2.6172.
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The South Pacific islands came late, by comparison with Asia and Africa, to undertake the decolonising process. France was the first colonial power in the region to start off this process in accordance with the decision taken in Paris to pave the way to independence for African colonies. The Loi-cadre Defferre in 1957, voted in Parliament, was applied to French Polynesia and New Caledonia as it was to French Africa. Territorial governments were elected in both these Pacific colonies in 1957. They were abolished in 1963 after the return to power of General de Gaulle who decided to use Moruroa for French atomic testing. The status quo ante was then to prevail in New Caledonia and French Polynesia up to today amidst statutory crises. The political evolution of the French Pacific, including Wallis and Futuna, is analysed in this article. Great Britain, New Zealand and Australia were to conform to the 1960 United Nations' recommendations to either decolonise, integrate or provide to Pacific colonies self-government in free association with the metropolitan power. Great Britain granted constitutional independence to all of its colonies in the Pacific except Pitcairn. The facts underlying this drastic move are analysed in the British context of the 1970's, culminating in the difficult independence of Vanuatu in July 1980. New Zealand and Australia followed the UN recommendations and granted independence or self-government to their colonial territories. In the meantime, they reinforced their potential to dominate the South Pacific in the difficult geopolitical context of the 1980s. American Micronesia undertook statutory evolution within a strategic framework. What is at stake today within the Pacific Islands is no longer of a political nature; it is financial.
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Jordan, Thomas E. "“Stay and Starve, Or Go and Prosper!” Juvenile Emigration from Great Britain in the Nineteenth Century." Social Science History 9, no. 2 (1985): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020423.
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The nineteenth century saw the beginning of large-scale migration of population from western Europe to various countries of the world. North and South America had proven hospitable in previous centuries and the southern tip of Africa presented an equable climate as well as strategic location. The islands of the southern seas reached by Cook and Van Diemen proved equally attractive if more remote. In retrospect it seems inevitable that, with the exception of South America, they were bound to be English-speaking. Even South America had its British farming colonists at one stage. In 1826 just under two hundred Highland Scots embarked for Topo in the highlands of Colombia (United Kingdom, 1827). Significantly, one hundred and two of them were under fourteen years of age.
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Martin, Anthony R., and Vince J. Lea. "A mink‐free GB: perspectives on eradicating American mink Neovison vison from Great Britain and its islands." Mammal Review 50, no. 2 (April 2020): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.12178.
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Kaufman, Scott. "Operation Oracle: the United States, Great Britain, New Zealand, and the offshore islands crisis of 1954–55." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 32, no. 3 (September 2004): 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0308653042000279687.
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Zubko, Andrii. "YSTEM OF WEIGHT MEASURES IN GREAT BRITAIN, THE COUNTRIES OF NORTH AMERICA AND OCEANIA." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 72 (2024): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2024.72.04.
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The territory of the islands of Britain and Ireland was inhabited by people in prehistoric times. Numerous megalithic monuments remain from this culture. In the first millennium BC, Celtic tribes moved there from continental Europe, who later mixed with the local population. The maritime trade of the ancient civilisations of the Mediterranean with the population of the British Isles is reported by some historical sources of the antiquity. This trade was conducted by exchanging goods for goods. There is no information in historical sources about the measures, in particular weights, used by the ancient population of the British Isles in production and trade. In the first century BC, the Romans conquered the territory of Britain. They established their own system of measures, including weights, and their own monetary system. After the fall of the Roman Empire in the V century, Germanic tribes such as the Angles, Saxons, and Utes invaded Britain. At first, they created several kingdoms here, and in the IX century, they united into a single Anglo-Saxon state. It was during the Anglo-Saxon period from the V to the XI centuries that the foundations of the modern British System of Measures and Monetary System were laid. In the formation of the British weight system, units of weight measures of the Celts, Romans and Germans were used. Norms of weight measures were approved in the laws of the Anglo-Saxon kings of the X–XI centuries, which have survived to this day. The conquest of Britain in 1066 by the Norman Duke William did not make changes to the system of weight measures used here. Over the centuries, from time to time, for the purpose of improvement, royal decrees and laws amended these measures. The transformation of the weight measurement system for a thousand years can be studied precisely by analysing the materials of English legislation. In the XVI–XX centuries, Great Britain became a colonial power, whose possessions covered vast territories in the North America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Here, the colonial administration introduced the British system of weight measures, but the local population used their own measures along with the British ones. After the gradual disintegration of the British colonial empire, some new states that were formed on the site of its former possessions – the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand – continued to use British standards of weight measures. The British system of weight measurements is made public in the USA. Nowadays, the British system of weight measures, along with the metric, is officially considered the state in the United Kingdom.
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Haslett, Simon K., and David Willis. "The ‘lost’ islands of Cardigan Bay, Wales, UK: insights into the post-glacial evolution of some Celtic coasts of northwest Europe." Atlantic Geoscience 58 (June 11, 2022): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeo.2022.005.
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A 13th –14th-century map held in the Bodleian Library (the Gough Map and the oldest map of Great Britain) shows two ‘lost’ islands in Cardigan Bay offshore west Wales, United Kingdom. This study investigates historical sources, alongside geological and bathymetric evidence, and proposes a model of post-glacial coastal evolution that provides an explanation for the ‘lost’ islands and a hypothetical framework for future research: (1) during the Pleistocene, Irish Sea ice occupied the area from the north and west, and Welsh ice from the east, (2) a landscape of unconsolidated Pleistocene deposits developed seaward of a relict pre-Quaternary cliffline with a land surface up to ca. 30 m above present sea-level, (3) erosion proceeded along the lines of a template provided by a retreating shoreline affected by Holocene sea-level rise, shore-normal rivers, and surface run-off from the relict cliffline and interfluves, (4) dissection established islands occupying cores of the depositional landscape, and (5) continued down-wearing, marginal erosion and marine inundation(s) removed the two remaining islands by the 16th century. Literary evidence and folklore traditions provide support in that Cardigan Bay is associated with the ‘lost’ lowland of Cantre’r Gwaelod. The model offers potential for further understanding post-glacial evolution of similar lowlands along northwest European coastlines.
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ORANGE, Alan. "A new species-level taxonomy forTrapelia(Trapeliaceae, Ostropomycetidae) with special reference to Great Britain and the Falkland Islands." Lichenologist 50, no. 1 (January 2018): 3–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282917000639.
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AbstractTrapeliais a small genus of worldwide distribution.Trapelia coarctatahas long been regarded as a morphologically variable species and phylogenetic studies have suggested that it is non-monophyletic, or at least that species are frequently misidentified. The phylogenetic relationships of freshly-collected material ofTrapeliawere studied using ITS, mitochondrial SSU rDNA and to a small extent also beta-tubulin sequence data, together with chemical and morphological characters. Sequence data combined with morphology and chemistry confirm that the diversity of the genus at species-level has been underestimated.Trapelia coarctatais defined in a more restricted way and many specimens previously referable to this taxon are assigned to the reinstated speciesT. elacista, which differs in subtle morphological characters including a crack separating the thallus and apothecium in well-developed thalli.Trapelia involutais reinstated as a separate, though closely related, species toT. glebulosabased on sequence data, morphology and chemistry, and is lectotypified.Trapelia collarisis a distinctive species described as new from Great Britain which has an extensive, cracked thallus with abruptly thickening marginal areoles arising on an inconspicuous prothallus, relatively small apothecia (rarely exceeding 300 µm diameter) and contains 5-O-methylhiascic acid as the major secondary substance.Trapelia obtegensis shown to include frequent non-sorediate morphs which have doubtless been misidentified as other species. The number of species ofTrapeliaconsidered to occur in Europe is thus raised from five to eight. The genus is newly reported for the Falkland Islands where seven species occur:T. coarctata,T. placodioides,T. sitienssp. nov. (with a thin, extensive thallus, sessile apothecia, 5-O-methylhiascic acid as the major secondary substance and the presence of conidiomata),T. tristissp. nov. (with relatively small apothecia up to 460 µm diameter, presence of gyrophoric acid as the major substance and an absence of conidiomata) and three unidentified species represented by very sparse material. All the species studied, with the possible exception of the three unidentified species, can usually be distinguished by morphological features, particularly the method of development of the thallus and the shape and distribution of the areoles, but morphological variation in response to microhabitat variation is likely to make a proportion of specimens difficult to assign to species in the absence of sequence data.
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Hoskin, Mark. "Have Great Britain and other nations previously taken a stance concerning the islands in the South China Sea?" Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 11, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2019.1611173.
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Ponce, Javier. "Allied blockade in the Mid-East Atlantic during the First World War: cruisers against commerce-raiders." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 4 (November 2020): 882–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420982200.
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This article examines the Allied blockade around the Canary Islands as a response to the German cruiser war, since the crossroads of trade routes from the South Atlantic that took place in the Canary Islands allowed the German commerce-raiders to ensure, on the one hand, the encounter with numerous enemy merchant ships, objectives of this economic war and, on the other hand, the aid of the numerous German merchant ships that were in their ports, especially as colliers. The immediate Allied action to block the ports in the Canary Islands took advantage of the undisputed hegemony of Great Britain in the archipelago: the British control of the main infrastructures and port and communication services was added by the joint diplomatic pressure of the British and French, although it was the clear superiority of the British naval forces and the vigilance of their cruisers that most contributed to limiting assistance to German commerce-raiders. Primary and secondary sources, diplomatic and military, both British and Spanish, and also French, shed light on the diplomatic and strategic dimension of a blockade in which the British Admiralty managed to end the threat of German commerce-raiders between August 1914 and March of 1915, and limit the operations of the following German auxiliary cruisers, which briefly operated in the eastern central Atlantic in the early months of 1916.
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Bredikhin, A. V., and A. O. Babik. "THE “FOLKLAND ISSUE” EVOLUTION: FROM THE ORIGINS TOWARD BRITISH COLONIZATION (1740s - 1843)." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-1-93-100.
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The article is devoted to the origins and evolution of the “Falkland issue” in the system of international relations, which is discussion about the nationality of the eponymous archipelago, as well as the islands of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands with adjacent marine areas. According to the study, the “Falkland issue” is a term of the equation, where the numerator contains the territorial ambitions of Great Britain and Argentina, and the denominator shows the value of the resources access to which is represented by the archipelago of the same name. It is argued that the foundation for the “Falkland issue” was laid half a century before the appearance of Argentina on the political map of the world- in the 1740s, when the creators of British foreign policy for the first time in practical terms raised the question of creating a military base in the Southern Atlantic. The British Empire, which had the imperative of constant territorial expansion, needed a bridgehead to strengthen its influence in the Latin American region, which was subordinate to the Spanish and Portuguese crowns competing with the Windsor.
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O'Brien, Bruce R. "Forgers of Law and Their Readers: The Crafting of English Political Identities between the Norman Conquest and the Magna Carta." PS: Political Science & Politics 43, no. 03 (June 30, 2010): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510000594.
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A short time after 1206 and before 1215, a Londoner assembled a massive collection of older and near contemporary English laws, called theLeges Anglorumby historians, and inserted long interpolations and spurious codes that enunciated many of the principles that guided the baronial opposition to King John and later became part of the Magna Carta. To those familiar with the struggle leading up to the creation of the Magna Carta, these principles should cause no surprise. These ancient laws were made to proclaim that “in the kingdom right and justice ought to reign more than perverse will” (ECf4, 11.1.A.6; Liebermann 1903, 635). In another part of the collection, King Arthur, making his first appearance in English law, is credited with establishing as law the requirement that all nobles, knights, and freemen of the whole kingdom of Britain swear “to defend the kingdom against foreigners and enemies” (ECf4, 32.A.5–7; Liebermann 1903, 655). More surprising is the attribution of the regularly assembled Hustings court in London to the Trojans (who became the Britons). The seventh-century West Saxon king, Ine, suddenly looms large in the ranks of Britain's lawmakers; he not only reigns for the good of all, but is also given the lordly virtues of twelfth-century chivalric romance: he is “generous, wise, prudent, moderate, strong, just, spirited, and warlike” (as was appropriate for the time and place) (ECf4, 32.C.2, 32.C.8; Liebermann 1903, 658–59). A confection of bits of other law, attributed here to King Alfred, orders an end to vice, national education for freemen, and unity for all “as if sworn brothers for the utility of the kingdom” (Leges Angl, Pseudo-Alfred 1–6; Liebermann 1894, 19–20). Finally, in the grandest statement of English political ambition, Arthur appears again as the great conqueror, whose spirit was not satisfied by Britain alone: “Courageously and speedily he subjugated all Scandinavia, which is now called Norway, and all the islands beyond, namely Iceland and Greenland, which belong to Norway, Sweden, Ireland, Gotland, Denmark, Samland, Vinland, Curland, Runoe, Finland, Wirland, Estland, Karelien,Lapland, and all other lands and islands of the eastern Ocean as far as Russia” (ECf4, 32.E; Liebermann 1903, 659).
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Devereaux, Simon. "Irish Convict Transportation and the Reach of the State in Late Hanoverian Britain." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 8, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031117ar.
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Abstract The difficulties encountered by English authorities in resuming the regular and effective transportation of convicts overseas between the loss of the original American destination in 1775 and the opening of a penal settlement in New South Wales in 1787 are well known to historians of criminal justice. Far less so is the contemporaneous convict crisis in Ireland. This article considers the practice of convict transportation from Ireland throughout the eighteenth century. In particular, it examines a series of three dramatic incidents of the late 1780s in which Irish convicts were unscrupulously (though not illegally) abandoned in Cape Breton, Newfoundland and the Leeward Islands. It argues, first, that such practices were not entirely surprising given the great difficulties that had often been experienced in transporting convicts from Ireland even before 1775. It goes on to suggest that the subsequent decision of authorities in London to assume a directive role in the transportation of Irish convicts was informed by changing perceptions of the British state in both its national and imperial dimensions.
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Melchin, M. J. "Upper Ordovician graptolites from the Cape Phillips Formation, Canadian Arctic Islands." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 35 (June 1, 1987): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1986-35-20.
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Ashgill age graptolites have been collected from seven sections of the Cape Phillips Formation across most of its outcrop belt. The earliest graptolite zone recognisable is that of Orthograptus fastigatus. It is correlated with the Dicellograptus ornatus · Zone of the northern Canadian Cordilllera and the Dicellograptus complexus Subzone of the Dicel/ograptus anceps Zone of Great Britain although no dicellograptids have been found at any of the present sections. The overlying zone is that of Paraorthograptus pacificus, an easily recognisable zone around much of the world. Graptolites of the C/imacograptus extraordinarius and Glyptograptus persculptus zones appear to be entirely absent from this formation. This is attributed to the Late Ordovician glaciation which has induced regression and submarine erosion in many areas worldwide. The earliest recognisable Silurian zone varies from section to section due to buried or barren intervals and/or hiatuses of varying length. The Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone has been recognised at only one section. At the others, the Atavograptus atavus, the Lagarograptus acinaces-Coronograptus gregarius, the Monograptus convolutus or the Monograptus spiralis Zone (s.1.) are the earliest recognisable Silurian faunas. Relatively low fauna! diversities in the Ashgill and lowest Llandovery portion of the section and the total lack of dicellograptids are interpreted to be due to relatively shallow water, outer shelf or carbonate ramp depositional environment.
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Černý, Miloš, Michael von Tschirnhaus, and Kaj Winqvist. "First records of Palaearctic Agromyzidae (Diptera) from 40 countries and major islands." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 69, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 193–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cszma-2020-0017.
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Abstract First records of 151 species in the family Agromyzidae are presented for 40 countries and major islands in the Palaearctic Region (Russia being split into four subregions): from Afghanistan (1 sp.), Albania (15 spp.), Algeria (1 sp.), Andorra (2 spp.), Armenia (4 spp.), Austria (14 spp.), Balearic Islands (4 spp.), Canary Islands (2 spp.), China - Palaearctic part (2 spp.), Corsica (5 spp.), Crete (6 spp.), Croatia (16 spp.), Czech Republic (4 spp.), Dodekanese Islands incl. Rhodes (5 spp.), Egypt (1 sp.), European Russia (2 spp.), Finland (12 spp.), France (1 sp.), Georgia (1 sp.), Germany (14 spp.), Great Britain (2 spp.), Greece (4 spp.), Iceland (1 sp.), Iran (8 spp.), Israel (1 sp.), Italy (12 spp.), Jordan (6 spp.), Kyrgyzstan (6 spp.), Lithuania (2 spp.), Macedonia (2 spp.), Mongolia (2 spp.), Morocco (6 spp.), Netherlands (1 sp.), Norway (3 spp.), Oman (1 sp.), Poland (1 sp.), West Siberia (1 sp.), East Sibiria (3 spp.), Kamchatka (5 spp.), Sardinia (1 sp.), Slovakia (4 spp.), South Korea (13 spp.), Spain (10 spp.), Sweden (7 spp.), Switzerland (5 spp.) and Turkey (1 sp.). For a few species morphological details or plant genera from the collecting localities are added as possible host plants. Phytomyza parvicella (Coquillett, 1902) exhibits an extremely disjunct distribution, occurring in the high Arctic from Alaska to west Greenland and on the highest mountains of Germany and Poland. Other rare species with Boreo-alpine disjunctions are recorded. Cerodontha (Cerodontha) phragmitophila Hering, 1935 reached a tiny artificial patch of its host plant within the Sahara sand desert. The thermophilic mediterranean Phytoliriomyza pectoralis (Becker, 1908) was detected on the Swedish sun-blessed island Öland. Chromatomyia obscuriceps (Hendel, 1936) (emerged from Triticum crop) is specified as a valid species occurring from Iceland to Kamchatka. A new definition for Chromatomyia nigra (Meigen, 1830) sensu stricto is presented. The American Amauromyza (Cephalomyza) abnormalis (Malloch, 1913), a possible agent against the harmful neophyte Amaranthus retroflexus, was detected for the first time in the Palaearctic Region. Gnaphalium is attributed as a first detected host plant genus of Phytoliriomyza venustula Spencer, 1976.
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Murray, S., S. Money, A. Griffin, and P. Mitchell. "A survey of Leach’s Oceanodroma leucorhoa and European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus populations on North Rona and Sula Sgeir, Western Isles, Scotland." Seabird Journal, no. 21 (2008): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.61350/sbj.22.32.
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Leach’s Storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa was first recorded breeding on North Rona in 1883 and on Sula Sgeir in 1939. European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus was first recorded on North Rona in 1885 and on Sula Sgeir in 1958. Since then, there have been attempts to estimate the population size of both species on North Rona but there is little information about their current status on Sula Sgeir. In 2001, systematic surveys of both species using tape playback were conducted for the first time on both islands. North Rona held 1,133 Apparently Occupied Sites (AOS) of Leach’s Storm- petrel but only 371 AOS of European Storm-petrel; numbers on Sula Sgeir were five and eight AOS respectively. The combined population of both North Rona and Sula Sgeir of Leach’s Storm-petrel and European Storm-petrel, comprise 2.3% and 1.4% respectively, of the total number of each species breeding in Great Britain.
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Murray, S., S. Money, A. Griffin, and P. Mitchell. "A survey of Leach’s Oceanodroma leucorhoa and European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus populations on North Rona and Sula Sgeir, Western Isles, Scotland." Seabird Journal 21 (2008): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.61350/sbj.21.32.
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Leach’s Storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa was first recorded breeding on North Rona in 1883 and on Sula Sgeir in 1939. European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus was first recorded on North Rona in 1885 and on Sula Sgeir in 1958. Since then, there have been attempts to estimate the population size of both species on North Rona but there is little information about their current status on Sula Sgeir. In 2001, systematic surveys of both species using tape playback were conducted for the first time on both islands. North Rona held 1,133 Apparently Occupied Sites (AOS) of Leach’s Storm- petrel but only 371 AOS of European Storm-petrel; numbers on Sula Sgeir were five and eight AOS respectively. The combined population of both North Rona and Sula Sgeir of Leach’s Storm-petrel and European Storm-petrel, comprise 2.3% and 1.4% respectively, of the total number of each species breeding in Great Britain.
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Neely, Sarah. "‘The skailing of the picters’: The Coming of the Talkies in Small Rural Townships in Northern Scotland." Journal of British Cinema and Television 17, no. 2 (April 2020): 254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2020.0522.
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Like that of many other nations, Scotland's film history has been characterised largely by its focus on its great metropolitan centres. The occasional studies which do look outside the ‘Central Belt’ stretching between Scotland's two greatest cities, Glasgow and Edinburgh, are likely to concentrate on two of its other sizeable cities, Aberdeen and Dundee. This article will consider cinemas north of Inverness (Scotland's most northerly city), including those in Wick, Thurso and the islands of Orkney and Shetland. The talkies arrived late to all of the townships considered. Cinema audiences dwindled as silent films fell out of favour with local audiences well aware of the ubiquity of the talkies elsewhere in Britain. When sound finally did arrive, the return of audiences to local picture houses had a great impact on the small rural townships, forcing councils to deal with the ‘problem of the talkie queues’ and the ‘skailing of the picters’ (the audiences spilling out into the town after a film). Using a variety of archival sources – local newspapers, council reports, oral histories and diary entries – this article focuses on the various economic and social impacts resulting from the arrival of sound.
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Pronyuk, A. A. "Zonal distribution of the stock of blue whiting <I>(Micromesistius poutassou)</I> in the North-East Atlantic in 2010–2020." Problems of Fisheries 24, no. 4 (January 16, 2024): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/0234-2774-2023-24-4-7-17.
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In the management of the blue whiting fishery, the problem of exceeding the scientifically justified catch remains due to the lack of an agreement on national shares between Coastal States. In order to obtain additional data necessary to reach an agreement, a NEAFC Working Group was established by the Coastal States to form a report on the zonal distribution of the reserve. Until March 2022, a Russian specialist took part in the work of the group. The article analyzes the main results of the distribution of both international catches of blue whiting and biomass of the stock in accordance with the data of the international survey, according to the NEA economic, fishing zones and international waters for the period 2010–2020 was conducted. It was found out that during this period the largest part of the blue whiting of the stock was distributed in the fishing zone of the Faroe Islands, exclusive economic zones of the EU, Great Britain and economic zone of the Norway. The economic zones of Ireland (EU) and Great Britain were the main «holders» of the spawning stock with the most active fishing in the spring, while the Faroese fishing zone is the most significant zone through which the main migrations of a significant part of the stock pass throughout the year. The waters of the Norwegian economic zone were the main habitat of immature juveniles and feeding fish, to a somewhat lesser extent this applied to the waters of the Iceland economic zone. The results of this work can be used as a basis for dividing the total available catch of the blue whiting into national shares and can accelerate the achievement of an agreement between the Coastal States.
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Mikuláš, Radek. "The protective effect of lichens and the origin of modern bulge‐like traces on weakly lithified sandstones (Hilbre islands, Wirral Peninsula, Great Britain)." Ichnos 6, no. 4 (May 1999): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420949909386457.
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Wąsowicz, Jarosław. "Relacja arcybiskupa Antoniego Baraniaka o sytuacji polskiego duszpasterstwa w Anglii z listopada 1972 r." Fides, Ratio et Patria. Studia Toruńskie, no. 12 (June 30, 2020): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/frp.776.
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Archbishop Antoni Baraniak (1904–1977), metropolitan bishop of Poznań, was among the most important figures in Church hierarchy in Poland after World War II. He was outstanding in his work within the Episcopal Conference of Poland, a loyal and faithful associate of cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, courageous and uncompromising in relations with communist government. Recently many papers treating these threads of his biography were published. Still, there are fields of his pastoral activity that were not yet deeply analised, such as his relations with Polish emigrants in different parts of the world and the aid he was giving to his compatriots abroad. In years 1933–1948, when he was secretary and eventually chaplain of primate cardinal August Hlond, he kept vivid relationship with Polish emigrants in Great Britain, especially with priests. Only once he could visit a few places in British Islands in November 1972 coming for an invitation of Fr Władysław Staniszewski (1901–1989), the rector of Polish Catholic Mission in England and Wales. In source edition there are reflections of the archbishop, written after his coming back from this visit.
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Mariolakos, I. D. "THE FORGOTTEN GEOGRAPHIC AND PHYSICAL – OCEANOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE PREHISTORIC GREEKS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11163.
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Many believe that the Greek Mythology is a figment of the vivid imagination of the ancient Greeks. Consequently, the Greek Myths are all fantastic stories. In my opinion, this view is erroneous, at least on the subject concerning the geographic and physical-oceanographic characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean, as these were described mainly by Homer, Hesiod, the Orphics and Plutarch. In the present paper (i) some of the references made by the above mentioned authors are selectively reported, and (ii) the physical and geological validation is given, based on the present-day scientific views and knowledge. Namely, the prehistoric Greeks knew about the Hyperboreans, the island of Ierne (Ireland), the British isle etc., by the Orphics. From the writings of Plutarch, they knew (i) the relative position of the present-day Iceland (Ogygia) and its distance from Britain, (ii) that to the west of Iceland, three other islands are located, where the sun sets for only an hour a day, (iii) that further to the west there is a “great continent”, which surrounds the Ocean and more. Homer and Hesiod wrote that (i) the Ocean is a “river” that flows continuously, (ii) that this river encircles the Earth and (iii) that its flow is turbulent not only on the surface, but in depth as well. Unfortunately, all this knowledge was gradually forgotten by all. This is the reason why Odyssey is considered just an entertaining poem and Ulysses’ nostos a fantastic story, with no trace of historic reality.
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Potemkin, A. D., E. A. Borovichev, and E. G. Ginzburg. "Calypogeia azurea (Calypogeiaceae, Marchantiophyta) in the Northwestern European Russia." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 51 (2017): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2017.51.263.
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Calypogeia azurea is reported for the first time in the Leningrad Region and for the second time for the Republic of Karelia. Description of C. azurea based on alive collections from the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Karelia, and their photographs are provided. The variability of the species in studied specimens is rather broad and corresponds to the plants from Great Britain and Nordic countries. C. azurea is known in Russia from alive collections from the Northwestern European Russia, Caucasus, South Urals, South Siberia and South Kuril Islands. Ecology and differentiation of C. azurea are discussed. The revision of all kept in LE specimens from Russia, Latvia, Finland and Georgia identified as C. trichomanis, nom. rej., has shown that most of them cannot be attributed to C. azurea or C. muelleriana, which usually correspond to this rejected name. Except two specimens from Finland and one from Georgia tentatively attributed to Calypogeia cf. azurea, they represent mostly materials of C. integristipula, partly of C. neesiana and exceptionally of C. suecica and C. fissa. LE older collections of C. trichomanis from Caucasus are C. fissa, from Arctic Siberia and Arctic Far East are C. muelleriana.
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Bengtsson, Kenneth, and Lennarth Blomquist. "Ursprung, rörelser och ortstrohet för skrattmåsar Larus ridibundus märkta i Malmö." Ornis Svecica 11, no. 1–2 (April 1, 2001): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v11.22860.
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We analysed the recoveries of Black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus ringed in the town of Malmö, southern Sweden, in 1965—1999. A total of 21,399 fledged juveniles and adults were ringed in Pildammsparken, and 3,703 chicks in a breeding colony. We also included recoveries of birds ringed abroad. We excluded local recoveries within the province of Scania, the Danish islands, and northern Germany. The number of recovered birds used in the analysis was 812; some of them were recovered more than once. We found that birds hatched in the Malmö colony moved towards southwest with almost no long distance recoveries in any other direction. The main winter area is in northwest Europe – Holland, Belgium and Great Britain. Recoveries south of 45 °N are sparse and we found that Black-headed Gulls seem to winter more to the north today, compared with 30 years ago. Birds that visited Malmö in the non-breeding season came from breeding areas in Finland, the Baltic states, Russia, and northern and southeastern Sweden. Many of these birds also stayed in Malmö throughout the winter. We also found a high fidelity to the breeding as well as to the roosting and winter area.
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Fajri, Z., M. Outiskt, Y. Khouyaoui, S. El Moussaoui, H. El Talibi, and K. Aboumaria. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS IN SOUTH ATLANTIC COAST: CASE OF THE CITY OF AGADIR – MOROCCO: PRELIMINARY RESULT." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W5-2021 (December 23, 2021): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w5-2021-219-2021.
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Abstract. The coastal zone is a highly complex area because of its location at the interface between land and sea and as a preferred location for many forms of development. A mega tsunami from the Canary Islands will hit not only the Atlantic coasts of Morocco, but also Spain, Portugal, Great Britain and even reach US shores.A slight earthquake or possible volcanic eruption can trigger one of the most violent natural disasters in history. Indeed, according to Steven Ward and Simon Day (2001) the west flank of the Cumbre Vieja volcano, located on the island of Palma is unstable and could, as a result of a future eruption, collapse into the ocean. It would be in the worst scenario of a huge piece of 25 km long, 15 wide and 1,400 meters thick that would come off, a total of 500 cubic kilometers of land and rocks. This wave could reach 50 meters of height, once arrived on the Moroccan coasts. In this study, a numerical inundation and vulnerability models are used to identify the location and nature of current and future hazards and risk on the Moroccan coast to better understand the tsunami hazard and vulnerability along the Moroccan coast. We have worked on the correction of coastlines from satellite imagery on Google Earth and the digitization of bathymetric and topographic maps, in order to create digital elevation models (DEM). We have also studied the vulnerability assessment of the buildings by using the BTV model (Building Tsunami Vulnerability) such as a combination of tsunami inundation numerical modelling, field survey data and geographic information system.
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BERNING, BJÖRN, MARY E. SPENCER JONES, and LEANDRO M. VIEIRA. "Revision of the European species of the genus Hincksina Norman, 1903 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida, Flustridae)." Zootaxa 5081, no. 3 (December 13, 2021): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.2.
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Four Atlantic species of the flustrid genus Hincksina Norman, 1903, which were introduced during the 19th and early 20th century, are redescribed and imaged: Hincksina flustroides (Hincks, 1877) from Great Britain, Hincksina sceletos (Busk, 1858) from Madeira as well as Hincksina neptuni (Jullien in Jullien & Calvet, 1903) n. comb. and Hincksina alice (Jullien in Jullien & Calvet, 1903) n. comb. from the Azores, the latter two of which were hitherto placed in the cribrilinid genus Membraniporella Smitt, 1873. Lectotypes are designated for all species. A new species, Hincksina synchysia n. sp., is introduced for the Mediterranean taxon previously referred to as Hincksina flustroides f. crassispinata Gautier, 1962. In contrast to species from the continental shelf, which have simple cylindrical or flattened spines, some of the species from the oceanic islands of Madeira and the Azores are particularly characterised by falciform and variably formed palmicorn spines. Moreover, whilst most Hincksina species have avicularia with a relatively short, (sub)rounded rostrum and mandible, the two Azorean species have elongated, curved and pointed avicularia. The relationship between Gregarinidra Barroso, 1949, which also has pointed avicularia, and Hincksina is commented upon. Based on several shared diagnostic characters, the genus Cribralaria Silén, 1941 is here transferred from the Cribrilinidae Hincks, 1879 to the Flustridae Fleming, 1828.
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Asp Frederiksen, Lene. "Colonial media ecologies." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab og Kulturformidling 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntik.v7i2.118485.
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In this mixed-media essay I document a field trip to Ghana where I, so to say, travel in the footsteps of the Danish colonizers to the Gold Coast in a bid to dialogically challenge the genre of the monologizing colonial traveloguei. My methodological retracing of the slave route is inspired by Danish author Thorkild Hansen’s book trilogy Coast of Slaves, Ships of Slaves and Islands of Slaves from the 1960s in which he visits the former Danish West Indies and the Gold Coast (in the, at the time of his visit, still very young Ghanaian nation, which had gained its independence from Great Britain in 1957). Hansen was one of the first Danish authors to voice a strong critique of the Danish colonial past and of a neglectful historiography through his docu-fiction. I was curious to explore in a parallel movement to Hansen’s the landscape as prism and archive today. Hence, the ‘reenactment’ of the travelogue in this essay functions as an attempt to recast and refracture colonial narratives of past and present. My own documentary audio recordings from the field trip are presented here along with methodological reflections on how to voice dialogical narratives about colonialism in new digital media.
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Przygoda, Miroslaw. "The Role and Importance of Australia in the South Pacific Region." International Journal of Operations Management 1, no. 3 (2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijom.2757-0509.2020.13.4005.
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Australia is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent and the island of Tasmania. The country also includes numerous smaller islands in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world by total area. It also has the world’s 12th-largest economy and fifth-highest per capita income. On 1 January 1901, a federation of six separate British self-governing states was formed after a decade of planning, consultation and voting. This established the Commonwealth of Australia as a dominion of the British Empire. In 1931 the status of the dominions was made equal to that of Great Britain, which is considered the symbolic date of Australia gaining full independence. Before World War II and in the course of it, the Commonwealth of Australia was closely tied to the government in London. However, the fall of the British Empire in the Asia Pacific made Australian authorities rethink their existence in the new reality. In the late 80s, Australia’s formal ties with London were further loosened, as planned. Since that time the role and significance of the continent has been growing. A vibrant economy and favourable location drive the country’s growing importance, which the government in Canberra strongly focuses on. Economic success and effective policies have made Australia become one of the crucial elements of sustainable balance in the South Pacific region. However, the country’s political and economic influence goes far beyond its borders. Australia’s importance to and influence on neighbouring countries is clearly visible across East and Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean basin, and the Antarctic. Therefore it is worth to take a closer look at the drivers of the huge success of this unique country and its inhabitants.
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SHELLEY, ROWLAND M. "Taxonomy of extant Diplopoda (Millipeds) in the modern era: Perspectives for future advancements and observations on the global diplopod community (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)*." Zootaxa 1668, no. 1 (December 21, 2007): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.18.
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The modern era in diplopod taxonomy began in 1971 with publication of the Nomenclator Generum et Familiarum Diplopodorum. Along with the internet and electronic communications, this pioneering work catalyzed an increased output of synthetic publications beyond mere species descriptions, thereby leading to accelerating advancements. Significant taxonomic and/or cataloging studies have since occurred in 14 of the 16 established orders, all except Stemmiulida and Siphoniulida. Important faunistic works have appeared on Canada, Mexico, Asian Russia, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Iran, Turkey, central Asia in general, Belgium, Scandinavia, Great Britain & Ireland, Madagascar, and the Comoros, Canary, Cape Verde, and Galapagos Islands. The complete known ranges of four orders, four superfamilies, and 47 families have been mapped along with partial, regional mappings for seven other orders and seven families. With only one resident taxonomist, continental regions of the Neotropics warrant concentrated attention in future years, and emphasis on Chinese millipeds will surely continue because of the discovery of a substantial southeast Asian callipodidan fauna. Taxonomic emphases are needed in the Spirobolidea (Spirobolida), to assess affinities between the 10 component families, and Spirostreptida, to determine taxonomic positions of the suborders Cambalidea & Epinannolenidea. Resolution of the latter may derive from development of the "8th gonopod clade" concept, involving the orders Chordeumatida, Callipodida, Stemmiulida, Polydesmida, & Siphoniulida, and the suborder Spirostreptidea (Spirostreptida). Attributes of the global diplopod community are discussed.
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Asaturov, Sergey, and Andrei Martynov. "Trends in international relations in the Indo-Pacific region." ScienceRise: Juridical Science, no. 1(19) (March 31, 2022): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2022.254248.
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The global Indian and Pacific region is playing an increasing role in modern international relations. At the beginning of the XXI century, this region is a crossroads of different interests of great powers. The United States continues to play a leading role. The Pentagon introduced the concept of the Indo-Pacific region. From a military-strategic point of view, this concept is a symbol of American-Chinese competition. This process intensified under the Trump administration in 2017-2020. The Biden administration is consolidating regional democracies. Australia, India and Japan play a key role in this process. The European Union promotes the values and ideas of democracy in the Indo-Pacific region. China is an important trading partner of the EU. The intensification of the Sino-US confrontation in early 2022 has blocked the entry into force of the China-EU Free Trade and Investment Agreement. In early 2022, the United States, Great Britain and Australia announced the creation of a military alliance. India and Japan are concerned about China's growing military power. The Republic of Korea has a similar position. Hotspots of confrontation in the region are Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, the disputed Spratly Islands. The Indo-Pakistani conflict around Kashmir destabilizes regional security. The Indo-Pacific region is an example of a complex multipolar system of international relations. This system is more risky in terms of security. The functioning of internal regional and interregional communication networks is complicated by military-technical, environmental, demographic, socio-cultural, interstate contradictions. The formation of a regional security system is limited by political problems. Post-modern democracies, such as Australia, India, Japan and the modernized Chinese autocracy and the North Korean Stalinist dictatorship, coexist in the Indo-Pacific region. The balance of interests is maintained by the United States and the European Union. This balance is volatile and unpredictable
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Irkhin, I. V. "The Main Scenarios for the Formation of Territorial Autonomies in the Modern World (Constitutional and Legal Aspect)." Lex Russica, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.147.2.132-150.
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As part of the analysis of the practices of institutionalization of constitutional and legal status of territorial autonomies of Bolivia, Great Britain, Denmark, India, Indonesia, Canada, China, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Finland on the basis of the criteria and methods of their formation, it is indicated that there are two main scenarios. According to the first one, territorial autonomies are formed on the basis of international and national legal acts. The second scenario assumes the formation of autonomies based on national legal acts only.In the structure of the first scenario, territorial autonomies formed as a result of negotiations between the parties to the conflict (confrontation model) and in the Directive order (Directive model) are separated. In the structure of the second scenario, territorial autonomies established following the negotiations on the basis a peaceful compromise or as a result of confrontation (consensus and confrontation models), as well as autonomies formed unilaterally (policy model) are highlighted.The conceptual requirements for the successful institutionalization of territorial autonomy are as follows: the presence of rooted in society and the state traditions of democracy and the rule of law; the establishment of a real regime of internal self-government; limited material and financial resources and the resulting dependence on the state; the absence of disputes about sovereignty; clarity of the formal legal structure of the constitutional legal status; small population and the territory of autonomy. In this case, the structure and content of these requirements are very mobile, and therefore can be combined in different proportions with different specific gravity.Typical examples of the most stable territorial autonomies (in terms of territorial integrity and unity of the state), in which these conditions are present in different volumes, are the autonomies of Bolivia, the Aland Islands, the Faroe Islands, Hong Kong and Macao. This category can also include Karakalpakstan and Nunavut because of their total dependence on the support of national governments.In turn, the potential for the development of separatist tendencies remains in the UK (Scotland, Northern Ireland), India, Indonesia, China (Tibet), Moldova, and the Philippines.