Journal articles: 'Island Fly'

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Hayward, James L., and Jere K. Clayburn. "Do Rhinoceros Auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata, Fledglings Fly to the Sea from Their Natal Burrows?" Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i4.69.

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The mode of departure of Rhinoceros Auklet fledglings from their nest burrows has remained uncertain. Both walk-down and fly-down hypotheses have been proposed. Here we use the unique geography of Protection Island, Washington, to evaluate the fly-down hypothesis. Some fledglings raised on Protection Island do appear to walk to the water, but our results suggest that many of the island’s fledgling Rhinoceros Auklets fly to the sea.

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SATO, Hideki, Yuitiro TABARU, and Tutomu KOSONE. "Black fly control in Satsuma Kuroshima island." Medical Entomology and Zoology 46, no. 2 (1995): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.46.205_4.

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Shelomi, Matan. "Potential of Black Soldier Fly Production for Pacific Small Island Developing States." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061038.

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Organic waste such as food waste and livestock manure is a serious concern in the Pacific Islands, where landfills are overflowing and illegal dumping of waste threatens the fragile ecosystems. Organic waste also attracts filth flies, some of which are vectors for pathogens that cause human disease. The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, has tremendous potential for the Pacific Islands. Capable of digesting almost any organic matter and converting it into insect biomass, black soldier flies are already being used around the world to process organic waste into larvae. The system can be adapted to large-scale municipal composting as well as small sizes for individual livestock farms or even urban households. The larvae can be fed live to fish or poultry, processed into feed comparable to fishmeal or soy meal, or even used to generate biofuel. Thus, the fly not only eliminates waste, but also can improve the sustainability of livestock production. The Pacific Small Island Developing States stand to benefit immensely from black soldier fly bioconversion facilities, used primarily as a means to compost organic waste; however, several knowledge gaps must first be addressed. We reviewed the state of black soldier flies in the Pacific and identified where their use shows the most promise. Research priorities for the field include fly surveys and bioconversion assays using Pacific crop waste.

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Potocka, Marta, Ewa Krzemińska, Robert Gromadka, Jan Gawor, and Joanna Kocot-Zalewska. "Molecular identification of Trichocera maculipennis, an invasive fly species in the Maritime Antarctic." Molecular Biology Reports 47, no. 8 (June 10, 2020): 6379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05566-5.

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Abstract Trichocera maculipennis, an invasive Diptera, was described for the first time in Antarctica in 2006 in a sewage system of one of the scientific stations on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, and started to increase its distribution within the island. To date, only taxonomical description of this species, based on morphological data has been available, as there were no molecular data recorded. In the present study, we present two methods of molecular identification of this species—based on partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) genes. An appropriate and easy-to-use assay for proper and fast identification of invasive species is a key requirement for further management decisions, especially in such a fragile environment as found in terrestrial Antarctica.

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MATHIS, WAYNE N., TADEUSZ ZATWARNICKI, and JOHN W. M. MARRIS. "Review of unreported shore-fly genera of the tribe Scatellini from the New Zealand subregion (Diptera: Ephydridae) with description of three new species." Zootaxa 622, no. 1 (August 30, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.622.1.1.

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Two unreported genera and their included species of the shore-fly tribe Scatellini Wirth and Stone that occur in the New Zealand subregion are reviewed. One genus, Haloscatella Mathis, is represented by three species in the subregion and Limnellia Malloch by two. Three of the species, all in the genus Haloscatella, are new (type locality in parenthesis): H. balioptera (New Zealand. Chatham Island: Tennants Lake (43 49.4'S, 176 34'W)), H. karekare (New Zealand. North Island. AK: Karekare (37 00.2'S, 174 28.8'E)), and H. harrisoni (New Zealand. Bounty Islands: Proclamation Island). The fourth and fifth species are in the genus Limnellia: L. abbreviata (Harrison), new combination (originally described in Scatella), was described from specimens collected on Snares Islands, and L. maculipennis Malloch was originally described from a female collected in Sydney, Australia, and is represented by two females from North Island (near Auckland and Hamilton) and a female from South Island (Christchurch). In addition to describing the new species and to facilitate their identification, the tribe and genera are diagnosed, and a key is provided to the known genera of Scatellini from the New Zealand subregion.

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Wang, Bo, Wenhao Shi, Qing Wu, Xun Xi, and Shangtong Yang. "Fly Ash/Silica Fume Coral Concrete with Modified Polypropylene Fiber for Sustainable Building Construction." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (August 9, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4230801.

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Coral concrete made of coral sand/aggregates has attracted significant interest in the construction of coastal or artificial island buildings by saving significant economic and environmental costs for transporting the conventional building materials from mainland. However, the application of coral concrete is very limited due to the drawback such as low strength, brittleness, and high porosity. This paper develops a new coral concrete composite utilizing coral debris to replace sand and aggregates, sea water, supplementary cementitious waste materials, namely, fly ash and silica fume and modified polypropylene fiber (MPPF) to achieve both sustainable and economic development needs in coastal and island building and construction. The mechanical and durability of the new coral concrete are evaluated and the synergistic effects of fly ash and silica fume on the performance of MPPF coral concrete are discussed. It has been found out that the addition of fly ash and silica fume in MPPF coral concrete can significantly improve the strengths and reduce the chloride diffusion of coral concrete. Compared with those from the specimens without fly ash and silica fume, the compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strengths of MPPF concrete with 10% fly ash and 10% silica fume are improved by 31%, 33%, and 58%, respectively. The new coral concrete composite would be an ideal building material solution for coastal and artificial island applications as most of the materials come from the local wastes.

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Spironello, Mike, Fiona F. Hunter, and Douglas A. Craig. "A cytological study of the Pacific black fly Simulium cataractarum (Diptera: Simuliidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-167.

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Polytene chromosomes from the salivary glands of Simulium cataractarum larvae from the islands of Moorea and Tahiti were examined. Intraspecific comparisons revealed a polymorphism in the short arm of chromosome I, termed the IS-1ca inversion. This inversion sequence was significantly heterozygous in the Tahitian populations (s/i), while the Moorean populations were all homozygous for the standard sequence (s/s). These two island populations seem to be reproductively isolated from one another. Thus, two cytotypes are recognized. Based on biogeographical relationships between the islands, we argue that the Moorean cytotype is likely to be ancestral to the Tahitian cytotype. Furthermore, a heterozygote advantage may exist in the Tahitian cytotype. Chromosomal maps for S. cataractarum are presented.

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Sota, Teiji, Michio Hori, Clarke Scholtz, Gayane Karagyan, Hong-Bin Liang, Hiroshi Ikeda, and Yasuoki Takami. "The origin of the giant ground beetle Aplothorax burchelli on St Helena Island." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa093.

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Abstract Some highly isolated oceanic islands harbour endemic ground beetles that have lost the ability to fly. Here, we investigated the origin of the possibly extinct flightless giant ground beetle Aplothorax burchelli on St Helena Island in the South Atlantic. Aplothorax burchelli was initially considered to be a member of the subtribe Calosomina (=genus Calosoma) of the subfamily Carabinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) closely related to the genus Ctenosta (=Calosoma subgenus Ctenosta), but this proposition was questioned due to its unique external and genital morphology. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of mitogenome sequences using historical specimens of A. burchelli and samples of representative species of Carabinae. Our analysis of 13 protein-coding gene sequences revealed that A. burchelli is definitely a member of Calosomina, most closely related to a species of Ctenosta. Further analysis using NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene sequences from most groups in Calosomina showed that A. burchelli formed a monophyletic group with Ctenosta species from Africa and Madagascar. Our results suggest that the ancestor of A. burchelli, which had the ability to fly, colonized St Helena from Africa after the emergence of the island 14 Mya, and has since undergone evolutionary changes in conjunction with loss of flight.

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Lam, Tang Van, Nguyen Trong Dung, Dang Van Phi, Vu Kim Dien, and Nguyen Van Duong. "Research on the effects of fly ash and silica fume on some properties of high-strength concrete for the construction building of coastal areas." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, HTCS6 (December 31, 2020): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.htcs2020.12.

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The sustainability of constructions depends on the resistance of concrete and steel reinforcement to physical and chemical aggressors from the environment. High – strength concrete with a high consistency, low permeability and resistance to environmental erosion, is preferred to be used in infrastructure construction, especially in coastal and islands areas. This paper aims to study on the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete using a mixture of fly ash and silica fume additive. Experimental obtained results show that high-strength concrete containing fly ash and silica fume with different mixing ratios have good performance (spread: 390 ÷ 625 mm and slump: 14 ÷ 20,5cm) and high compressive strength at 28 days (47 to 75MPa). In addition, the protection time of steel reinforcement according to NT Build 356-2009 can reach 85 days for samples containing 10% silica fume. This result shows that the high-strength concrete made from a mixture of fly ash and silica fume can be used in coastal and island infrastructure.

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10

Horiuchi, Sumio, Masataka Taketsuka, Takuro Odawara, and Hiromi Kawasaki. "Fly‐Ash Slurry Island: I. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 4, no. 2 (May 1992): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(1992)4:2(117).

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11

Sato, H., and T. Kosone. "Black fly control in Satsuma Kuroshima island (1988-1996)." Medical Entomology and Zoology 49, no. 2 (1998): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.147_3.

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12

Kleindorfer, Sonia, Lauren K. Common, and Petra Sumasgutner. "Nesting Success and Nesting Height in the Critically Endangered Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus pauper)." Birds 2, no. 4 (December 4, 2021): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2040032.

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When different introduced species across trophic levels (parasite, predator) invade island systems, they may pose significant threats to nesting birds. In this study, we measure nesting height and infer causes of offspring mortality in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus pauper), an island endemic restricted to Floreana Island on the Galápagos Archipelago. Considering all nests at which a male built a nest, sang and attempted to attract a female (n = 222 nests), only 10.4% of nests produced fledglings (5% of nests had total fledging success, 5.4% of nests had partial fledging success). Of the 123 nests chosen by a female, 18.7% produced fledglings and of 337 eggs laid, 13.4% produced fledglings. Pairing success was higher for older males, but male age did not predict nesting success. All nests with chicks were infested with avian vampire fly larvae (Philornis downsi). We attributed the cause of death to avian vampire fly if chicks were found dead in the nest with fly larvae or pupae (45%) present. We inferred avian (either Asio flammeus galapagoensis or Crotophaga ani) predation (24%) if the nest was empty but dishevelled; and black rat (Rattus rattus) predation (20%) if the nest was empty but undamaged. According to these criteria, the highest nests were depredated by avian predators, the lowest nests by rats, and intermediate nests failed because of avian vampire fly larvae. In conclusion, there is no safe nesting height on Floreana Island under current conditions of threats from two trophic levels (introduced parasitic dipteran, introduced mammalian/avian predators; with Galápagos Short-Eared Owls being the only native predator in the system).

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Guimarães, Ronald Rodrigues, Ronald Rodrigues Guimarães Júnior, Rodrigo Vieira, Roney Rodrigues Guimarães, Gilberto Dos Santos Seppa, and Raimundo Wilson de Carvalho. "The robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae) from Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Check List 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.1.1829.

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During studies on tabanids (horse-fly) populations on Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the authors collected specimens of robber flies, which are predatory flies belonging to the dipteran family Asilidae. Robber fly species were identified as Lecania leucopyga (Wiedemann, 1828), Mallophora calida (Fabricius, 1787), Triorla striola (Fabricius, 1805) and an undetermined specimen of Taurhynchus genus. Lecania leucopyga (Wiedemann, 1828) and Triorla striola (Fabricius, 1805) are recorded for the first time in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

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Kawasaki, H., S. Horiuchi, M. Akatsuka, and S. Sano. "Fly‐Ash Slurry Island: II. Construction in Hakucho Ohashi Project." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 4, no. 2 (May 1992): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(1992)4:2(134).

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15

Shiels, Aaron B., Mele Khalsa, Doreen L. Griffin, Clay K. Chow, Patty Baiao, Sheri S. Mann, and Antoinette J. Piaggio. "Cattle egrets regurgitate house mouse carcasses onto a mouse-free island: implications for rodent eradications." Wildlife Research 47, no. 5 (2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19239.

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Abstract ContextEradication of invasive rodents on islands typically results in positive conservation gains, and maintaining a rodent-free island requires elevated biosecurity, including prevention of assisted rodent arrival via watercraft, aircraft and animals such as birds. Cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) are widespread, and often fly several kilometres daily to roost and forage. They frequently swallow insects and vertebrates (including rodents) whole, and some regurgitate prey. Cattle egrets have been regularly observed flying between the Hawaiian Islands of Ni’ihau (where non-native mice and rats are established) and Lehua (where one species of non-native rat is established and was targeted during a recent eradication attempt). Aims The objectives were to identify the species of rodent that cattle egrets regurgitate following transport between Ni’ihau and Lehua islands, and to determine if any of the rodent individuals regurgitated were alive once deposited onto Lehua Island following 1.1-km oversea flights. Methods Eighty-five individual rodent carcasses (regurgitated by cattle egrets) were collected, preserved and identified to species using morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing. Key results All rodents regurgitated by cattle egrets were dead upon collection on Lehua Island. Although the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) is the only rodent species on Lehua Island, and field staff suspected the regurgitated rodents were R. exulans, all 85 carcasses were identified as house mice (Mus musculus). Conclusions This is the first evidence (that the authors know of) showing movement of rodent carcasses, via cattle egrets, between islands. Implications Cattle egrets that deposit rodent carcasses onto rodent-free islands, or segments of islands, may confuse land managers and biosecurity professionals who are unaware of this phenomenon. House mice did not survive cattle egret ingestion, >1-km flight and regurgitation; therefore it is unlikely that live rodents would be introduced to rodent-free areas via cattle egrets.

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Zwick, P., and KG Hortle. "First records of Net-winged Midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae) from Papua New Guinea, with description of a new species." Marine and Freshwater Research 40, no. 4 (1989): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9890361.

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Curupirina papuana sp. n. and an unnamed species of a probably new genus of Apistomyiini (Diptera : Blephariceridae) are described from the Ok Tedi, a tributary of the Fly River, Papua New Guinea. This is the first report of the family from the island; its zoogeographical significance is discussed with reference to the long-presumed role of the island in the evolution and dispersal of the tribe Apistomyiini.

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Noronha, C., G. A. P. Gibson, and K. D. Floate. "Hymenopterous parasitoids of house fly and stable fly puparia in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 5 (October 2007): 748–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-071.

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AbstractPuparia of house flies, Musca domestica L., and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were collected on dairy farms in Prince Edward Island (PEI) and New Brunswick (NB) and held for emergence of hymenopterous parasitoids. Percent parasitism for PEI in 2003 and 2004 was 6.7 (n = 10 060 puparia) and 1.0 (n = 36 992 puparia), respectively. Percent parasitism for NB was not determined in 2003, but was 9.1% (n = 3052 puparia) in 2004. A parasitoid provisionally identified as Phygadeuon ?fumator Gravenhörst (Ichneumonidae) predominated in both provinces. Additional species recovered included Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Braconidae) and Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Saunders, Spalangia cameroni Perkins (PEI only), Spalangianigra Latreille (NB only), Spalangia subpunctata Förster (NB only), Trichomalopsis americana (Gahan) (PEI only), and Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae). Dissection of host puparia from which neither flies nor wasps emerged yielded a relatively large number of additional parasitoids, particularly S. nigra.

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León, Mónica Remedios-De, Kevin Andrew Hughes, Enrique Morelli, and Peter Convey. "International Response under the Antarctic Treaty System to the Establishment of A Non-native Fly in Antarctica." Environmental Management 67, no. 6 (April 15, 2021): 1043–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01464-z.

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AbstractAntarctica currently has few non-native species, compared to other regions of the planet, due to the continent’s isolation, extreme climatic conditions and the lack of habitat. However, human activity, particularly the activities of national government operators and tourism, increasingly contributes to the risk of non-native species transfer and establishment. Trichocera (Saltitrichocera) maculipennis Meigen, 1888 (Diptera, Trichoceridae) is a non-native fly originating from the Northern Hemisphere that was unintentionally introduced to King George Island in the maritime Antarctic South Shetland Islands around 15 years ago, since when it has been reported within or in the vicinity of several research stations. It is not explicitly confirmed that T. maculipennis has established in the natural environment, but life-history characteristics make this likely, thereby making potential eradication or control a challenge. Antarctic Treaty Parties active in the region are developing a coordinated and expanding international response to monitor and control T. maculipennis within and around stations in the affected area. However, there remains no overarching non-native invasive species management plan for the island or the wider maritime Antarctic region (which shares similar environmental conditions and habitats to those of King George Island). Here we present some options towards the development of such a plan. We recommend the development of (1) clear mechanisms for the timely coordination of response activities by multiple Parties operating in the vicinity of the introduction location and (2) policy guidance on acceptable levels of environmental impacts resulting from eradication attempts in the natural environment, including the use of pesticides.

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Alvarez, James D. V., Ireneo L. Lit, Jr., and Phillip A. Alviola. "Bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) from Mount Makiling, Luzon Island: new host and distribution records, with a checklist of species found in the Philippines." Check List 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.1.1509.

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Our survey in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Luzon Island, Philippines from April to May 2011 revealed new host records of bat fly species (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), including: Eucampsipoda philippinensis Ferris, Cyclopodia garrula Maa, C. horsfieldi de Mejeire, Phthiridium brachyacantha (Theodor) and Penicillidia acuminata Theodor. We also report C. garrula as a new record for Luzon Island. A checklist of the species known from the Philippines with the known distribution and bat host species was also provided.

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Minhas, Miranda S., Charles L. Brockhouse, and Peter H. Adler. "The Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Fauna of Prince Edward Island, Canada." Northeastern Naturalist 12, no. 1 (March 2005): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2005)012[0067:tbfdsf]2.0.co;2.

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Barkalov, A. V., V. A. Mutin, and O. A. Khruleva. "Hover fly fauna (Diptera, Syrphidae) of Karaginskii Island (the Bering Sea)." Entomological Review 91, no. 1 (March 2011): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873811010106.

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Jacquard, C., M. Virgilio, P. David, S. Quilici, M. De Meyer, and H. Delatte. "Population structure of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, in Reunion Island." Biological Invasions 15, no. 4 (September 4, 2012): 759–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0324-8.

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Duyck, P. F., and S. Quilici. "Survival and development of different life stages of three Ceratitis spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures." Bulletin of Entomological Research 92, no. 6 (December 2002): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2002188.

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AbstractFruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the most damaging pests on fruit crops on Réunion Island, near Madagascar. Survival and development of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitiscapitata (Wiedemann), the Natal fruit fly, C. rosa Karsch and the Mascarenes fruit fly, C. catoirii Guérin-Mèneville were compared at five constant temperatures spanning 15 to 35°C. Durations of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C catoirii ranged from 14.5–63.8, 18.8–65.7 and 16.8–65.8 days, respectively, at 30–15°C. The lower developmental threshold and thermal constant were calculated using the temperature summation model. The thermal constant for total development of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C. catoirii were 260, 405 and 356 DD, respectively. Species differed mainly during the larval stages and ovarian maturation period, with smaller differences in the egg stage. Ceratitis rosa appeared to be better adapted to low temperatures than the two other species as it showed a lower larval developmental threshold of 3.1°C compared to 10.2°C for C. capitata and 8.9°C for C. catoirii. Overall, C. catoirii had a low survival rate within the range of temperatures studied. The different responses of the three Ceratitis species to various temperatures explain to some extent their distribution on the island. The results obtained will be used for optimizing laboratory rearing procedures and for constructing computer simulation models to predict fruit fly population dynamics.

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Podenas, Sigitas, Virginija Podeniene, Tae-Woo Kim, A.-Young Kim, Sun-Jae Park, and Rasa Aukštikalnienė. "A new species of Elephantomyia crane fly (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Jeju Island, South Korea." ZooKeys 966 (September 9, 2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.48590.

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A new species of crane fly (Diptera, Limoniidae), Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) hallasana Podenas & Podeniene, sp. nov., from Jeju Island, South Korea is described. Adult and larval characters are illustrated. Elephantomyia (E.) hallasanasp. nov. is the only species of the genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860 recorded from Jeju Island, South Korea. Habitat, elevation range, and seasonality data are presented. Distributional notes on E. subterminalis Alexander, 1954 in the Far East of Russia (Khabarovskiy and Primorskiy regions) are discussed. An identification key for all Eastern Palaearctic species of subgenus E. (Elephantomyia) is presented.

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Bennardo, Lautaro E., Lucas E. Kreiman, Luciano M. Gandini, Johnma J. Rondón, Lucía Turdera, Juan Hurtado, and Esteban Hasson. "First record of Spotted-wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Martín García Island wildlife refuge, Argentina." Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 80, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25085/rsea.800309.

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Here we report on the first peculiar detection of the spotted-winged drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) on Martín García Island, a wildlife refuge located in the Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina. Flies were collected using banana baited traps fermented with live yeast, in sandy areas with abundant presence of cactus in the interior of the island. The absence of cultivated host plants, e.g., fruit crops, and the small population of humans inhabiting the island make the presence of D. suzukii in this wildlife refuge unexpected. Previous detection of this fly in South America happened mostly within commercial fruit orchards and/or neighboring fields.

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Riede, Austin. "The house of pain and the insect politician: Surveillance and the body in The Fly and The Island of Dr. Moreau." Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook 17, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nl_00006_1.

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Abstract David Cronenberg's The Fly (1986), the definitive film of the body horror genre, poses political questions regarding the limits of human recognition and the disciplinary surveillance techniques employed over the body by ideology. This article reads The Fly alongside H. G. Wells's 1896 novel The Island of Dr. Moreau, arguing that both texts are allegorical explorations of the foundation of human politics, through surveillance and control of both individuals and populations. Brundle's transformation leads him to a Hobbesian 'state of nature', in which he asserts his natural right of self-preservation. The vivisected animals that Dr Moreau creates, however, exist in a highly ritualized political system predicated on the human capacity to experience, understand and remember pain. It is a political system that exemplifies Foucauldean notions of self-control through disciplinarian surveillance. The two texts serve as inverted reflections of one another: in The Island of Dr. Moreau, animals are humanized by the fear of pain, and in The Fly a human is animalized by the experience of pain. Both texts are reminders that, as Elaine Scarry has pointed out, pain has the capacity to eradicate individual humanity. They also remind us that empathy for the pain of others is essentially humanizing.

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Hayes, C. D., T. I. Hayes, C. J. W. McClure, M. Quiroga, R. K. Thorstrom, and D. L. Anderson. "Native parasitic nest fly impacts reproductive success of an island‐endemic host." Animal Conservation 22, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12449.

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Nilssen, Arne C., Willy Hemmingsen, and Rolf E. Haugerud. "Failure of two consecutive annual treatments with ivermectin to eradicate the reindeer parasites (Hypoderma tarandi, Cephenemyia trompe and Linguatula arctica) from an island in northern Norway." Rangifer 22, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.22.2.1530.

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The highly efficient endectocide ivermectin is used to reduce the burden of parasites in many semidomestic reindeer herds in northern Fennoscandia. In the autumn of 1995 and 1996 all reindeer on the island of Silda (42 km2) were treated with ivermectin in an attempt to eradicate the warble fly (Hypoderma (=Oedemagena) tarandi (L.)), the nose bot fly (Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer)) (Diptera: Oestridae) and the sinus worm (Linguatula arctica Riley, Haugerud and Nilssen) (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae). Silda is situated 2-3 km off the mainland of Finnmark, northern Norway, and supports about 475 reindeer in summer. A year after the first treatment, the mean abundance of H. tarandi was reduced from 3.5 to 0.6, but a year after the second treatment the mean abundance unexpectedly had increased to 4.5. After one year without treatment, the mean abundance and prevalence of the three target parasites were at the same level, or higher, than pre-treatment levels. The main hypothesis for the failure to eliminate the parasites is that gravid H. tarandi and C. trompe females originating from untreated reindeer in adjacent mainland areas dispersed to the island during the warm summer of 1997 (possibly also in 1998). As these oestrids are strong flyers, it may not be too difficult for them to cross >2-3 km of oceanic waters. There are no good explanations for the failure to eradicate L. arctica, but the results indicate that there may be elements in its life cycle that are unknown. The conclusion of the study is that it may be difficult or impossible to eradicate these parasites permanently, even locally such as on islands unless adjacent areas on the mainland are also cleared.

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Kriticos, D. J., A. E. A. Stephens, and A. Leriche. "Effect of climate change on Oriental fruit fly in New Zealand and the Pacific." New Zealand Plant Protection 60 (August 1, 2007): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2007.60.4602.

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A CLIMEX model of the Oriental fruit fly (OFF) indicates that under the reference climate (19611990) OFF could persist throughout most of the central Pacific In New Zealand it could establish throughout much of the lowlying areas of the North Island and much of New Zealand could support shortterm populations during the summer months Climate change scenarios for the 2080s indicate that in the central Pacific the change in potential distribution is relatively minor However parts of New Zealand could become substantially more climatically suitable increasing the likelihood of successful establishment of OFF after an incursion and seriously threatening the horticultural sector Should OFF become established in New Zealand it is likely to follow any expansion of the horticultural sector into the coastal areas of the eastern part of the South Island as far south as Oamaru

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Tsagkarakis, Antonios E., E. I. Arapostathi, and G. I. Strouvalis. "First record of the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens, in Greece." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.10893.

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In May 2015, the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) was recorded for the first time in Greece. Its occurrence was noticed firstly in May 2015 in the island of Naxos, Cyclades. Newly hatched larvae of H. illucens feed on different decaying organic material, such as rotting fruits and vegetables, animal manure and human excreta, achieving a significant dry mass reduction. Thus, they are considered to provide remarkable ecological service on recycling. Information on its morphology, biology and distribution is given.

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Schneider, Rebecca. "This shoal which is not one: Island studies, performance studies, and Africans who fly." Island Studies Journal 15, no. 2 (2020): 201–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.135.

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This essay explores variant stories surrounding the 1803 ‘Igbo Landing’ on St. Simons Island, Georgia, in which a group of enslaved Africans mutinied against their captors and ran aground upon a shoal. Following Tiffany Lethabo King and other scholars of Black feminist thought, the essay explores not only the littoral fact of shoals in seafaring but also the concept of shoaling for troubling historical narratives oriented to settler colonial plot points. Following island studies scholar Jonathan Pugh, the essay asks what thinking with performance and the concept of liminality might offer attempts to account for sand, drift, and, in this case, accounts of Africans who fly. The essay also tells a story of its own regarding the author’s attempt to approach the historical site of Igbo Landing by sea. An example of performative writing, the essay does not so much launch and unpack a singular argument as it explores the littoral zones among and between ideas, stories, arguments, facts, and fabulations in relation.

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NAKAMORI, Hiroaki, Masakazu SHIGA, and Kunio KINJO. "Characteristics of Hot Spots of Melon Fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) cucurbitae COQUILLETT (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Sterile Fly Release Areas on Okinawa Island." Japanese journal of applied entomology and zoology 37, no. 3 (1993): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.37.123.

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Powerman, Vladislav, Richard Hanson, Anna Nosova, Gary H. Girty, Jeremy Hourigan, and Andrei Tretiakov. "Nature and timing of Late Devonian–early Mississippian island-arc magmatism in the Northern Sierra terrane and implications for regional Paleozoic plate tectonics." Geosphere 16, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 258–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02105.1.

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Abstract The Northern Sierra terrane is one of a series of Paleozoic terranes outboard of the western Laurentian margin that contain lithotectonic elements generally considered to have originated in settings far removed from their present relative locations. The Lower to Middle Paleozoic Shoo Fly Complex makes up the oldest rocks in the terrane and consists partly of thrust-imbricated deep-marine sedimentary strata having detrital zircon age signatures consistent with derivation from the northwestern Laurentian margin. The thrust package is structurally overlain by the Sierra City mélange, which formed within a mid-Paleozoic subduction zone and contains tectonic blocks of Ediacaran tonalite and sandstone with Proterozoic to early Paleozoic detrital zircon populations having age spectra pointing to a non–western Laurentian source. Island-arc volcanic rocks of the Upper Devonian Sierra Buttes Formation unconformably overlie the Shoo Fly Complex and are spatially associated with the Bowman Lake batholith, Wolf Creek granite stock, and smaller hypabyssal felsic bodies that intrude the Shoo Fly Complex. Here, we report new results from U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe–reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) dating of 15 samples of the volcanic and intrusive rocks, along with geochemical studies of the dated units. In addition, we report U-Pb laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry ages for 50 detrital zircons from a feldspathic sandstone block in the Sierra City mélange, which yielded abundant Ordovician to Early Devonian (ca. 480–390 Ma) ages. Ten samples from the composite Bowman Lake batholith, which cuts some of the main thrusts in the Shoo Fly Complex, yielded an age range of 371 ± 9 Ma to 353 ± 3 Ma; felsic tuff in the Sierra Buttes Formation yielded an age of 363 ± 7 Ma; and three felsic hypabyssal bodies intruded into the Sierra City mélange yielded ages of 369 ± 4 Ma to 358 ± 3 Ma. These data provide a younger age limit for assembly of the Shoo Fly Complex and indicate that arc magmatism in the Northern Sierra terrane began with a major pulse of Late Devonian (Famennian) igneous activity. The Wolf Creek stock yielded an age of 352 ± 3 Ma, showing that the felsic magmatism extended into the early Mississippian. All of these rocks have similar geochemical features with arc-type trace-element signatures, consistent with the interpretation that they constitute a petrogenetically linked volcano-plutonic system. Field evidence shows that the felsic hypabyssal intrusions in the Sierra City mélange were intruded while parts of it were still unlithified, indicating that a relatively narrow time span separated subduction-related deformation in the Shoo Fly Complex and onset of Late Devonian arc magmatism. Following recent models for Paleozoic terrane assembly in the western Cordillera, we infer that the Shoo Fly Complex together with strata in the Roberts Mountains allochthon in Nevada migrated south along a sinistral transform boundary prior to the onset of arc magmatism in the Northern Sierra terrane. We suggest that the Shoo Fly Complex arrived close to the western Laurentian margin at the same time as the Roberts Mountains allochthon was thrust over the passive margin during the Late Devonian–early Mississippian Antler orogeny. This led to a change in plate kinematics that caused development of a west-facing Late Devonian island arc on the Shoo Fly Complex. Due to slab rollback, the arc front migrated onto parts of the Sierra City mélange that had only recently been incorporated into the accretionary complex. In the mélange, blocks of Ediacaran tonalite, as well as sandstones having detrital zircon populations with non–western Laurentian sources, may have been derived from the Yreka and Trinity terranes in the eastern Klamath Mountains, where similar rock types occur. If so, this suggests that these Klamath terranes were in close proximity to the developing accretionary complex in the Northern Sierra terrane in the Late Devonian.

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Mcquate, Grant T., and Tadashi Teruya. "Melon Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), Infestation in Host Fruits in the Southwestern Islands of Japan before the Initiation of Island-wide Population Suppression, as Recorded in Publications of Japanese Public Institutions." International Journal of Insect Science 7 (January 2015): IJIS.S24582. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijis.s24582.

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Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a tephritid fruit fly native to the Indo-Malayan region. Its distribution, though, has extended to include Africa, temperate Asia, and a number of Pacific islands. It became established in Japan in 1919 in the Yaeyama Islands and spread north in the Southwestern Islands of Japan. It was subsequently eradicated from these islands by an eradication program that extended from 1972 to 1993. As part of an effort to develop a worldwide database on the status of fruits as hosts of melon fly, the infestation data gathered from host fruits collected in this eradication program, before the initiation of suppression activities, are summarized here. Bactrocera cucurbitae infestation was documented in 24 plant taxa of four plant families (Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, and Solanaceae), with the following four new hosts identified: Ficus erecta Thunb., F. pumila L. (Moraceae), Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae), and Zehneria liukiuensis Jeffrey ex Walker (Cucurbitaceae).

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Chen, Lin, Yi Fu Zhou, and Jian Feng Liu. "Research on DEM Modification and Production of Three-Dimensional Images in the Intersection Region of Seawater and Land." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 1054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.1054.

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The phenomena often appears that sea surface is above land, island is under sea surface and distortion of building inter-island in conflux area of water and land when creating three-dimensional image using fusing DEM and image. The paper introduced a fast method of modifying DEM and creating three-dimensional image in the batch by using PCI software. This method was validated by using SPOT5 and DEM in the Zhoushan area. The results showed that PCI could accurately mask the target objects and modify DEM in the batch; the result could be showed in three-dimensional mode by setting many parameters and meet different requirements; the results could fly by setting given route; the file was organized in a systemic mode, which will facilitate management.

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TAKAOKA, HIROYUKI. "A New Black-fly Species of Simulium (Morops) from Luzon Island, Philippines (Diptera: Simuliidae)." Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 28, no. 4 (2000): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2149/tmh1973.28.361.

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Worthen, Wade B., M. Lisa Carswell, and Kimberly A. Kelly. "Nested subset structure of larval mycophagous fly assemblages: nestedness in a non-island system." Oecologia 107, no. 2 (1996): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00327910.

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McCOLL, K. A., J. C. MERCHANT, J. HARDY, B. D. COOKE, A. ROBINSON, and H. A. WESTBURY. "Evidence for insect transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus." Epidemiology and Infection 129, no. 3 (December 2002): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802007756.

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The spread of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus from quarantine on Wardang Island to mainland Australia in 1995 suggested that insects could be potential vectors. Field observations and laboratory experiments were conducted to address aspects of this hypothesis. Firstly, the variation in insect populations on the island during the field trials was examined. There was approximately a 1000-fold increase in the number of bushflies, Musca vetustissima, shortly before the spread of the virus. Secondly, M. vetustissima were tested in the laboratory as potential vectors of RHD virus, and it was demonstrated that disease could be transmitted between rabbits by flies. Finally, 13 of 16 insect samples, collected from Wardang Island and from several sites on the mainland following the spread of virus off the island, were positive for the presence of RHD virus by a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Only one sample contained sufficient infectious virus to kill a susceptible rabbit. These data, combined with previously published information on fly biology, suggested that flies, particularly bushflies, may be involved in the transmission of RHD virus. Other possible routes of spread were not assessed in this study.

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D’Assumpcao, Carlos, Addie Bugas, Arash Heidari, Sandra Sofinski, and Rick A. McPheeters. "A Case and Review of Ophthalmomyiasis Caused by Oestrus ovis in the Central Valley of California, United States." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 7 (January 2019): 232470961983585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2324709619835852.

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Ophthalmomyiasis externa is the infestation of external ocular structures most commonly by Oestrus ovis, sheep nasal bot fly, which have a pupal stage in soil. Farmers and shepherds are commonly affected but rarely in urban areas. This is the first case of Oestrus ovis ophthalmomyiasis externa in California since Catalina Island 1986. No livestock exposure was noted. Manure fertilizer sourced from grazing fields of natural hosts was used on a local urban sports field and is the suspected source.

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Common, Lauren K., Petra Sumasgutner, Shane C. Sumasgutner, Diane Colombelli-Négrel, Rachael Y. Dudaniec, and Sonia Kleindorfer. "Temporal and spatial variation in sex-specific abundance of the avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi)." Parasitology Research 121, no. 1 (November 20, 2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07350-1.

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Abstract Understanding the range and behaviour of an invasive species is critical to identify key habitat areas to focus control efforts. Patterns of range use in parasites can differ temporally, across life stages and between sexes. The invasive avian vampire fly, Philornis downsi, spends the larval stage of its life within bird nests, feeding on developing nestlings and causing high levels of mortality and deformation. However, little is known of the ecology and behaviour of the non-parasitic adult fly life stage. Here, we document sex-specific temporal and spatial patterns of abundance of adult avian vampire flies during a single Darwin’s finch breeding season. We analyse fly trapping data collected across 7 weeks in the highlands (N = 405 flies) and lowlands (N = 12 flies) of Floreana Island (Galápagos). Lowland catches occurred later in the season, which supports the hypothesis that flies may migrate from the food-rich highlands to the food-poor lowlands once host breeding has commenced. Fly abundance was not correlated with host nesting density (oviposition site) but was correlated with distance to the agricultural zone (feeding site). We consistently caught more males closer to the agricultural zone and more females further away from the agricultural zone. These sex differences suggest that males may be defending or lekking at feeding sites in the agricultural zone for mating. This temporal and sex-specific habitat use of the avian vampire fly is relevant for developing targeted control methods and provides insight into the behavioural ecology of this introduced parasite on the Galápagos Archipelago.

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Shuai, Yang, Liu Wenbai, and Liu Hongwei. "Quantitative Analysis of the Relationship Between Shear Strength and Fractal Dimension of Solidified Dredger Fill with Different Fly Ash Content Under Monotonic Shear." Polish Maritime Research 25, s2 (August 1, 2018): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0084.

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Abstract The dredger fill of Shanghai Hengsha Island Dongtan is solidified by curing agents with different fly ash content, and the shear strength index of solidified dredger fill is measured by the direct shear test. The microscopic images of solidified dredger fill are obtained by using SEM. The microscopic images are processed and analyzed by using IPP, and the fractal dimension including particle size fractal dimension Dps, aperture fractal dimension Dbs and particle surface fractal dimension Dpr is calculated by fractal theory. The quantitative analysis of the relationship between shear strength index and fractal dimension of solidified dredger fill is done. The research results show that the internal friction angle and the cohesion are closely related to the fly ash content λ and the curing period T, and the addition of fly ash can improve the effect of curing agent; There is no obvious linear relationship between the internal friction angle and the three fractal dimensions; The smaller particle surface fractal dimension Dpr and particle size fractal dimension Dps, the larger aperture fractal dimension Dbs, the greater the cohesion, and the cohesion has a good linear relationship with three fractal dimensions, and the correlation coefficient R2 is above 0.91.

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Surbakti, Suriani, Michael Balke, and Lars Hendrich. "Discovery of the Australian diving beetle Neobidessodes mjobergi (Zimmermann, 1922) in New Guinea (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae)." Check List 17, no. 2 (April 7, 2021): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/17.2.633.

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The diving beetle genus Neobidessodes Hendrich & Balke, 2009 contains 10 species. Nine of them were considered endemic to Australia, one of them to the Trans Fly Savanna and Grasslands Ecoregion of New Guinea island. Here, we provide the first report of one of the Australian species, Neobidessodes mjobergi (Zimmermann, 1922), from the same region of New Guinea. We suggest that more focused research will reveal the occurrence of far more Australian diving beetle species in that region of New Guinea.

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Reilly, Lucy A., Joana Favacho, Lourdes M. Garcez, and Orin Courtenay. "Preliminary evidence that synanthropic flies contribute to the transmission of trachoma- causing Chlamydia trachomatis in Latin America." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, no. 7 (July 2007): 1682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007000700020.

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Synanthropic flies have been shown to be important mechanical vectors of Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes trachoma. However entomological studies have not been forthcoming in Latin America. This study assesses the relationship between household dipteran fly densities and active childhood trachoma in a village on Marajó Island, Pará state, Brazil. For 78 households, members were examined for signs of trachoma, relative abundance of potential trachoma vectors (Diptera, Chloropidae and Diptera, Muscidae) was quantified by trap counts, and additional measures of household hygiene associated with C. trachomatis transmission were assessed. Active childhood trachoma prevalence was 24.1% (45/187), present in 46.2% of sampled households with evidence of case clustering. Childhood prevalence was positively associated with increased fly densities, whereas indirect measures of sanitary conditions (latrine ownership and perceived importance of flies) showed a protective effect. This study indicates that C. trachomatis can be transmitted by synanthropic flies in this region of Latin America.

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Hattenberger, Gautier, Titouan Verdu, Nicolas Maury, Pierre Narvor, Fleur Couvreux, Murat Bronz, Simon Lacroix, Grègoire Cayez, and Gregory C. Roberts. "Field report: Deployment of a fleet of drones for cloud exploration." International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 14 (January 2022): 175682932110708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17568293211070830.

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Drones are commonly used for civil applications and are accessible to those with limited piloting skills in several scenarios. However, the deployment of a fleet in the context of scientific research can lead to complex situations that require an important preparation in terms of logistics, permission to fly from authorities, and coordination during the flights. This paper is a field report of the flight campaign held at the Barbados Island as part of the NEPHELAE project. The main objectives were to fly into trade wind cumulus clouds to understand the microphysical processes involved in their evolution, as well as to provide a proof of concept of sensor-based adaptive navigation patterns to optimize the data collection. After introducing the flight strategy and context of operation, the main challenges and the solutions to address them will be presented, to conclude with the evaluation of some technical evolution developed from these experiments.

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Shimizu, Yuko, Tsuguo Kohama, Takumi Uesato, Takashi Matsuyama, and Masaaki Yamagishi. "Invasion of solanum fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Yonaguni Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan." Applied Entomology and Zoology 42, no. 2 (2007): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/aez.2007.269.

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Gomard, Yann, Josselin Cornuault, Séverine Licciardi, Erwan Lagadec, Boutaïna Belqat, Najla Dsouli, Patrick Mavingui, and Pablo Tortosa. "Evidence of multiple colonizations as a driver of black fly diversification in an oceanic island." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): e0202015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202015.

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GILLES, J., I. LITRICO, and G. DUVALLET. "Microsatellite loci in the stable fly, Stomoxys niger niger (Diptera: Muscidae) on La Reunion Island." Molecular Ecology Notes 5, no. 1 (March 2005): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00844.x.

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MacKinnon, Colin M., Andrew C. Kennedy, and Matthew L. Horsman. "Flight of a flock of Common Eiders, Somateria mollisima, in Northumberland Strait interrupted by the Confederation Bridge, New Brunswick–Prince Edward Island." Canadian Field-Naturalist 127, no. 2 (October 29, 2013): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v127i2.1448.

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An observation of the flight of a flock of Common Eiders, Somateria mollisima, on 24 October 2012 suggests that, 15 years after construction of the Confederation Bridge connecting New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island (12.9 km in length over the Northumberland Strait), the bridge may still be a partial barrier to bird flight and possibly migration. Although we believe the Common Eiders we observed intended to fly over or under the bridge, none of the 44 Common Eiders crossed the structure during the observation period.

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O'Connor, Jody A., Rachael Y. Dudaniec, and Sonia Kleindorfer. "Parasite infestation and predation in Darwin's small ground finch: contrasting two elevational habitats between islands." Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 3 (March 30, 2010): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990678.

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Abstract:Contrasting ecological conditions may affect the distribution, abundance and impact of parasites and predators throughout the ranges of hosts and prey. Such patterns are evident on the archipelagos of Hawaii and the Galapagos, which vary in their distribution and abundance of avian parasites within and across islands. Previous research has documented higher intensity of parasitic fly larvae (Philornis downsi) in nests of Darwin's finches on elevated islands of the Galapagos. Here we examine P. downsi intensity and predation in 71 nests of Darwin's small ground finch (Geospiza fuliginosa) on Floreana Island. We found significant differences in parasite intensity, nest predation and clutch size between the lowland (0–100 m) and highland (300–400 m) habitats. Lowland finch nests had few P. downsi parasites (mean of 8 per nest), high nest predation (44% of nests) and large clutch size (3.4). Highland finch nests showed the opposite pattern, with many P. downsi parasites (40 per nest), low nest predation (17%) and small clutch size (2.5). This study suggests that the impacts of an introduced parasite are limited by its niche requirements and resource availability within and across islands. Our findings also imply that the vulnerability of bird populations to introduced parasites and predators is linked with variation in life history strategies across habitats.

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Zee, Francis T., Melvin S. Nishina, Harvey T. Chan, and Kate A. Nishijima. "Blossom End Defects and Fruit Fly Infestation in Papayas Following Hot Water Quarantine Treatment." HortScience 24, no. 2 (April 1989): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.2.323.

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Abstract Viable larvae of the Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) were found in Carica papaya L. ‘Kapoho’ fruit after hot water double-dip quarantine treatment in Hawaii. Two types of blossom end defects, navel and definite pinhole, were responsible for the failure of the quarantine treatment. These defects resulted from abnormal placental growth near the blossom end of fruit. Defective fruit also had higher incidences of internal infection by Cladosporium sp. and Fusarium spp. A survey conducted in the Puna district of the island of Hawaii showed that the incidence of trees bearing defective fruit ranged from 5.3% to 31%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Island Fly'

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