Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Islamisme – Liban'
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Gade, Tine. "From genesis to disintegration : the crisis of the political- religious field in Tripoli, Lebanon (1967-2011)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0049.
Full textAfter the assassination of Rafiq Hariri (14 February 2005) and the Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon (April 2005), Hariri’s son, Sa‘d, attempted to federate a national Sunni political public mobilised against Syria, Hizbullah, and Iran. The study argues that Hariri failed to mobilize the different components of Tripoli’s political field over time. Why were Hariri and Future not successful in mobilising the anti-Syrian potential in North Lebanon? Attempting to answer this question, the study uses the notion of a political public elaborated by John Dewey (1859-1952). A public is a collective of individuals united in political action through a perception of common interests. The dissertation begins in 1967 and ends in 2011, with a Post-Script on the dynamics after 2011. It is divided in three parts. The first analyses the local dynamics in Tripoli between 1967 and 1985. The second part dissects the decomposition of Tripoli’s political field and the rise of Salafism during the period of pax syriana in Tripoli (1985-2005). The third part investigates Hariri’s attempt to create a political public and the competition from Tripoli’s Salafis, after 2005. The main argument is that three types of obstacles made Hariri’s public very likely to fail. The first was the Syrian bureaucratic obstacles, in other words, Syrian prior governmentality of Sunnism in Tripoli in the 1976-2005 period. The second obstacle was Arab nationalism’s loss of impetus after the mid-1980s and the fact that Sunni leaders often lacked a militant cause, for which followers were willing to risk their lives. The third obstacle was the presence of Salafism as a transnational, religious counter-public
Pouillard, Nicolas. "Utopies, Tiers-mondismes et Théologie du non-renoncement : islamismes, mouvements de gauche et nationalismes de "libération" entre attractions, répulsions et affinités électives, de la révolution iranienne à nos jours : les cas libanais et palestinien." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0137.
Full textIslamisms, « Liberation” nationalisms and leftist movements in the Arab Middle East have Jang seemed to oppose each others. Apparently, antagonistic relationships and a logic of hostility could still constitute the essence of a tie which is too quickly defined as an opposition between "seculars" and '"religious". Yet, the study of Lebanese and Palestinian political fields and areas can offer another approach, in counterpoint, in a long wave extending from the delayed impacts of the Iranian revolution on Arab Middle East to nowadays. Indeed, there are discontinuous series of "elective affinities'" and interrelated dynamics between political Islam, "Liberation" nationalisms and leftist movements: Evolution of leftist activists coming from radical leftist ideology to political Islam in the footsteps of the Iranian revolution -the "Fatah's Maoists", repeated tactical, electoral and military alliances between leftist and islamist organizations throughout the 19905, joint conferences between Arab nationalists and islamists, etc. . AII of these movements have currently failed to define a common, strategic and ideological language and framework: yet, the historical repetition of their relationship can not be denied, and doesn't cease to ask many questions. These repeated but inconclusive interrelated alliances are drawing, as a filigree, some structuring thematics deeply rooted in the Palestinian and Lebanese political areas: revolutionary messianism and "mystic of the masses", and, more than ail, repeated centrality and centrifugal effects of a thirld-worldist and nationalist "implicit ideology", currently recomposed and renewed
Leroy, Didier. "La résilience islamique au Liban: contribution à l'étude de l'évolution idéologique et structurelle du Hezbollah." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210071.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Sabeh, Mada. "Démocratie et religions au Proche-Orient : les cas du Liban, d'Israël, des Territoires palestiniens et de la Turquie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H010/document.
Full textDoes a democratic pluralism exist, implying a democracy different from the "Western" standards? Based on a positive assumption, this is the question that we attempt to answer to in this research within a specific framework, namely the commonly contested alliance between democracy and religion. We have decided to study Middle-Eastern democracies with their specificities related to the narrow link that exists in those countries between politics and religion. The countries of the area that seemed, as of today, the most democratic to us are Lebanon, Israel (including a study of the Palestinian Territories) and Turkey. Based on the democratic principles of Equality and Liberty, also present in their respective constitutions, we have decided to look into the specificities of each country; such as being a confessional state for Lebanon, a Jewish state for Israel, a state without a state for the Palestinian Territories and a state being at the same time secular, Turkish and Islamic for Turkey. In each of these countries there are democratic flaws that we have highlighted, as well as positive evolutions. The Nationalism present in each of these countries is particularly pronounced according to the different communities to which one belongs, which leads the main ethnic to become a national identification, hence our ambitious choice to name these states ethnic democracies based on the ethnos (people's identification to a community). It is also because of this specificity that they encounter weaknesses towards the recognition of other identifications such as their respective minorities
Assaf, Valérie. "La perception du phénomène terroriste dans la presse écrite libanaise, américaine et française à travers les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 et l’assassinat du Premier ministre libanais Rafic Hariri le 14 février 2005." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020079/document.
Full textSeptember 11, 2001 became a cut-off date of international terrorism since the attacks in New-York aimed at destabilizing the super power of this century. These attacks have received extensive media coverage. It would be interesting to see how a single phenomenon, namely terrorism, or Islamic terrorism as it has been designated as such after these "aggressions", has different meanings depending on the point of view of each of the actors and witnesses. The journalist has to show and write what he saw or heard. He owes the truth to the reader, but, consciously or not he lacks objectivity and neutrality. This is because being a man betrays his emotions, and what he feels shows through his writings. One can guess that through his choice of words and adjectives. On the other hand, the reporter is dependent of the political line of his paper. Moreover, events are by nature of things cut off, this is related to the choice of the angle the journalist wants to address. The facts come to the reader truncated. And finally, we can say that the experience of the journalist, what he saw during his life and the environment in which he evolved affect his articles. So this latent subjectivity finally shows only a side of the facts, and this representation is transmitted to the reader who allows himself to "agree" depending on whether or not he shares the opinion of the journalist. The reader draws his opinion of the newspaper he reads as he usually opts for the one he feels closest to
El, Masri-Hashem Maha. "Vaisselles, récipients et autres objets en céramique du chantier de la Zone des Eglises à Beyrouth (BEY 004)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20052.
Full textThe thesis is about the archaeological exploitation of the reconstruction of Beirut after the Lebanese war. The Site BEY OO4, in the city center, confided to a team from the Lebanese University of which the author made part, permitted the discovery of important ceramic material covering a chronological area of several centuries. .
Majzoub-Baraké, Rawya. "L'architecture religieuse au Liban-Nord : mosquées, madrasas et églises." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040219.
Full textLoukili-Zai͏̈d, Assia. "Les politiques d'influence au Liban : 1975-1985." lyon 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO33004.
Full textThe war that been waged in lebanon since 13 april 1975 has various causes, external and internal. These latter are linked with lebanese political institutions which have been unable to develop in this fragile country divided into religious communities. The state in its classical sense had ceased to exist by nineteen hundred and seventy five (1975). In its classical conception, the state is the sole arbiter of the legitimate use of violence and is the exclusive holder of certain police functions: internal order, justice, defense, etc. . In lebanon, however, order and disorder are decided by the rule of militia groups. External influences, on the other hand, have led to struggles by interposed communities. Once the country had been thus weakened, other countries, for very different reasons, have intervened. We shall treat from case studies ; three states and on people: the united states, syria, israel and the palestinians
Mac, Donald Ian. "The ideological transformation of Hezbollah since its involvement in the Syrian Civil War : local perspectives and foreign observations." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38093.
Full textSince its creation, Hezbollah has been a sectarian organization in a political system where it has been compelled to compete for power against other sectarian actors. However, at times when conflict with Israel escalated, an enemy that was clearly distinguishable via national, linguistic, ethnic, and religious criteria, Hezbollah often claimed to be the protector of the Lebanese nation. The Syrian Civil War, a conflict mainly between Arabs that is mired by sectarianism, has once again given Hezbollah a clearly defined enemy. However, unlike Israel, Hezbollah’s enemies are now Sunni Arabs, which is also a large minority within Lebanon. The Syrian conflict caused Hezbollah to dramatically alter its foreign policy and military strategy to confront such emerging threats within its neighbourhood. How has Hezbollah ideologically changed as a result of the Syrian Civil War? Securitization theory predicts that elites will use a small security issue and make it appear as a large security threat to a society in order to concentrate resources and gain the trust of the population. From being a sectarian actor in Lebanese politics, the author hypothesises that Hezbollah securitized the threat posed by the Islamic State to the Lebanese nation, as it has done with Israel, thus transforming its ideology to be even more nationalist than prior to the Syrian Civil War. In order to test this theory, fieldwork was conducted in Lebanon to observe if Hezbollah emphasized its role in protecting the Lebanese nation against the threat of the Islamic State. Findings from the qualitative study suggest that while Hezbollah’s Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah advocates Hezbollah’s role in protecting the Lebanese imagined community from the threat of the Islamic State, Hezbollah’s involvement in Syria has meant that it engages in a more sectarianized nationalist ideology than it previously did with Israel. Furthermore, Hezbollah’s physical discourse continues to elicit universalist Islamic symbolism.
Schmuker, Christian. "Der religiöse Fundamentalismus : Entstehungsursachen und Hintergründe am Beispiel des Libanon /." [S.l. : s.n], 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410706550.
Full textChemaitelly, Hicham. "Participation des banques islamiques à la gestion des entreprises qu'elles financent." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40013.
Full textChaar, Abdel-maoula. "La structuration des stratégies au sein de champs en voie d’institutionnalisation : Le cas des banques islamiques au Liban." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0048/document.
Full textHow does the institutional context impact the formation of strategies? This PhD thesis tries to answer this question using an interpretative research design while utilizing Islamic finance as a field of study. It analyzes the methods used by Lebanese Islamic banks to set up and implement their strategies locally and abroad. The thesis reveals that the field of Islamic finance is still in a pre-institutionalization phase. It uncovers the parameters of three possible institutionalization paths according to the importance given to technical, religious or socioeconomic factors as well as the way the banks define their relationship to conventional finance. By choosing one of these options, Lebanese Islamic banks opt for a specific cognitive framework that influences their strategies and organizational behavior altogether. In turn, these firms also contribute to the diffusion of the principles underlying their choice and therefore, indirectly, to their institutionalization. Hence, instead of being just an arena for a traditional inter-firm competitive war, Islamic finance becomes the ground of a symbolic struggle that opposes the different potential futures of the field, and one that will shape the final form of the industry and its relationship with conventional finance
Chaar, Abdel-maoula. "La structuration des stratégies au sein de champs en voie d'institutionnalisation : Le cas des banques islamiques au Liban." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709867.
Full textLayoun, Jennifer. "Vers les accords de Taëf (1989) et la fin de la guerre civile au Liban : discours des dirigeants religieux-politiques libanais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3151.
Full textThe objective of this PhD dissertation is to study the evolution in the different discourse of political and religious leaders in Lebanon expressed in public as well as within closed circles during the fifteen years of conflict which began in 1975 and finished in 1989 with the Taif Agreement. This dissertation centers on a presentation and an analysis of the political projects proposed for Lebanon by several leading personalities coming from different political parties in the country during the period studied here. The originality of the approach is to group together two political parties which strongly oppose one another but which adopt an ideology based on shared criteria. Based on written documents as well as radio and televised programs and press conferences in addition to interviews which we have conducted in Lebanon and in France, we studied the political projects which were developed in Lebanon during 1975-1989. Our analyses reveal an evolution in the approach on the part of Lebanese religious and political persons of influence vis-à-vis their vision for the future regarding the political configuration of their country, all the while with respect to their strategic positioning in relation to the National Pact of 1943 as well as the role which they envision for themselves
Nehmé, Aline. "L'assurance entre loi islamique et droit positif : l'exemple des droits francais et libanais." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30044.
Full textThe Islamic insurance, or Takaful, that first appeared in the seventies, is a subject that has an actual importance both in France and Lebanon. The Islamic insurance companies aim at working in these two countries whereas the contracts law as much as the enterprises law is dominated by the idea of secularism. Can we practice an activity mainly ruled by religious principles in countries where the substantive law is secular? Is the Takaful policy an insurance policy like any other conventional policy insurance? And are the Takaful companies insurance companies at the same level of all other conventional insurance companies? Indeed, the elements that are the basics of the conventional insurance contract are found in the Takaful policy, meaning the risk, the premium and the insurance benefit. These two contracts cover the similar risks, except for the objects and events considered as Haram and prohibited by Islam. As for the insurance companies Takaful, they are allowed to have the same form as any other conventional insurance society. Yet, their functioning is different from the abovementioned, due to their structuring into two distinct funds in addition to an operational mode appropriate to their needs. The audit made in conformity with the Islamic sharia imprints the Takaful insurance companies and strongly distinguishes them from the conventional insurance companies. Without any doubt, the idea rotates around how the substantive law accepts them. However, the concept of Takaful should be overcome
Ghamroun, Samer. "Effets d’État. Les juges des enfants, les tribunaux de la charia et la lutte pour la famille libanaise." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN020/document.
Full textThe Lebanese state is often depicted as failing to possess some of the properties through which political sociology usually defines state power. Therefore, it is often described as a weak state. I question the relevance of this description through a political sociology of law, an approach I apply to civil juvenile courts and to sharia courts. I study the activation in 2002 of juvenile judges in Lebanon, where several religious family laws are implemented by parallel religious courts, in the absence of a common civil law for the family. I use the notion of "State test" to study a public conflict (2007 - 2010) between these juvenile judges and Sunni sharia courts around the protection of endangered children. This conflict produces effects beyond judicial arenas on women mobilizations that are trying, with some success, to change religious Sunni family law. These "state effects" are not channeled through the traditional elements sought by the sociology of the state and policy studies : budgets, bureaucracy or mandatory central rules. These original forms of stateness are the result of a competition between courts for the child and the Lebanese family. Instead of seeking change in rigid family laws only through a secularizing public policy from the civil center, investigating these "state tests" and their effects can allow us to track and better understand the changes within religious groups and their supposedly immobile legal systems. The relationship between the state and the religious groups is no longer a zero-sum game, religious family laws appear more responsive to legal mobilizations from below, and the state acquires an effectiveness that often goes unrecognized by the recurrent narratives of its weakness
Wehbe, Rabih. "Islam et Chiisme politique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2013.
Full textIn an essay that might as well have been entitled "Shia Islam between politics and religion, the case of Lebanon", an analysis of political Islam remains necessary to shed light on the difference between Islamism and religion Muslim. With just under two billion Muslims in the world, the Muslim religion has become the first religion practiced in the world today.The dynamics of this religion allowed the creation of an immense empire with heterogeneous populations. As well as, the coexistence between religion and political regime provoked real armed struggles between the big politico-religious families, notably Sunnism and Shiism.Sunnism often had the label of orthodoxy, but Shiism became something else that it was originally when one saw only the party that had gathered around Ali ibn Abi. Tâlib, cousin and son-in-law of the prophet Mohammad. In his few treatments of Islamic doctrine we find that these politico-religious families, both Sunni and Shiite, proliferated alongside each other at the same time that they fought each other and often condemned each other. This is due to the fact that in Islam there has never been a qualified, individual or collegiate interpretative power capable of imposing itself unquestionably.The collapse of the Ottoman Empire gave France and Britain the opportunity to share the Arab world on the basis of the famous Sykes-picot agreements. France will restructure the Syrian and Lebanese territories, it establishes the complex confessional constitutional structure of Lebanon, making the country of Cedar the largest laboratory of communitarianism. In post-war Lebanon, communitarianism is self-evident, reflecting the state of society and the reconciliation of confessional specificities with the fundamental principle of the nation-state. Lebanese communitarianism will evolve through economic, social and political changes, especially among the Shia community.We will present the evolution of the Shiite community in this environment, as well as the fundamental role played by Moussa el-Sadr in the liberation of the Shia community. His goal is a reaction to the political conscience of "Metwali". Its first action was the fight against social inequalities and was to engage with the Lebanese State in a series of clashes that often covered a spectacular aspect: general strike in 1970, warning to the government and to the 1974 meeting in Baalbeck that Moussa-El -Sadr announced the birth of the AMAL movement. This movement plays a vital role in Lebanese politics. Finally, we devote part of this work to the emergence of a radical pro-Iranian Shiite militia, Hezbollah, which has penetrated the Lebanese political system. His place is privileged because of his successes in the resistance against Israel, his social and human actions and his organizations. The timid participation of the "party of God" in the Lebanese parliament was a first step towards the "libanization" of the party. In 2012, the Shiite party announced its participation in the fighting in Syria next to the army of Bashar al-Assad, thus curbing the process of Lebanization. Hezbollah becomes one of the key players in the geopolitics of the Middle East and returns in force on the Lebanese political scene to be part of an international political Shiism
Kassar, Lana. "L'égalité dans le divorce : étude comparative entre le droit français et le droit libanais." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA010/document.
Full textEquality and justice are necessary in the family for their safeguard the fundamental of women men, children at the same as individuals and components of a family. Legal literature acknowledge that the divorce, a very old institution that tends to break severely the marriage bond, is closely related to the dominant ideology and political variations of the considered countries.The history of divorce in France was marked by successive stages of development : prohibition and restoration. Once admitted it allows to discover that the legislative fundamental choice revolves upon two ideas: diversifying divorce cases so we can find a solution for the plurality of crisis situation, dramatize divorce by encouraging spouses to agree on its consequences. ln Lebanon divorce is permissible for Muslims. To the extent that the personal statutes system is religiously inspired and based on the Koran. The right to divorce was not subject to development. The question that arises is that of evolution.The comparative study of both French and Lebanese law systems has made us that equality in marriage in France was a concern for the French legislature. To achieve equality in the subject of divorce. However, we will see this equality within the family in Lebanon is far being implemented
Eltashani, Mohamed. "La protection de l'enfant en droit Libyen : constats et perspectives." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0083.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to address the protection of children in Libyan law. If the international community has worked to ensure that the child is a matter of complete and specific protection through various texts, not remains that the situation of the child continues to be patchy depending on his geographical and cultural location. Address the situation of children in Libya, is first of all, make a finding of its situation in a country that has experienced 42 years of dictatorship, where most of the democratic institutions were absent, where all power was centralized, where the law has evolved timidly preferring to remain in the wake of Islamic law. The study tries to provide an assessment of the situation of children in Libya in light of international standards, and comparing with the French law. The first part of this study, discuss about the status of the child in Libyan society, where it makes the difference between legitimate and natural children. What follows different rights. The finding is also done on the protection of the child by the family, or the state, to see how the Libyan law defines the roles and areas of intervention. The contribution of the state of French law allows us to have a different view, to see how we can improve the protection of children in Libya. In the second part, the study compared tackles, socio-educational and health policies offered by the Libyan and French right to the child, through the study of his situation at school, and their right to health. Finally, the protection of children against economic exploitation and crime remains a major challenge, which is why the study deals with the supply of Libyan and French law on the subject. This study attempts not only to draw up a report, but also provide some answers that may help improve the situation of the Libyan children
Eltashani, Mohamed. "La protection de l'enfant en droit Libyen : constats et perspectives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0083.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to address the protection of children in Libyan law. If the international community has worked to ensure that the child is a matter of complete and specific protection through various texts, not remains that the situation of the child continues to be patchy depending on his geographical and cultural location. Address the situation of children in Libya, is first of all, make a finding of its situation in a country that has experienced 42 years of dictatorship, where most of the democratic institutions were absent, where all power was centralized, where the law has evolved timidly preferring to remain in the wake of Islamic law. The study tries to provide an assessment of the situation of children in Libya in light of international standards, and comparing with the French law. The first part of this study, discuss about the status of the child in Libyan society, where it makes the difference between legitimate and natural children. What follows different rights. The finding is also done on the protection of the child by the family, or the state, to see how the Libyan law defines the roles and areas of intervention. The contribution of the state of French law allows us to have a different view, to see how we can improve the protection of children in Libya. In the second part, the study compared tackles, socio-educational and health policies offered by the Libyan and French right to the child, through the study of his situation at school, and their right to health. Finally, the protection of children against economic exploitation and crime remains a major challenge, which is why the study deals with the supply of Libyan and French law on the subject. This study attempts not only to draw up a report, but also provide some answers that may help improve the situation of the Libyan children
Abdo, Mohamed. "Conflits de valeurs et conflits de lois en droit international privé comparé : le cas du divorce." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0006.
Full textThis study aims to analyse and criticise the conflict of laws rules in matter of divorce from the viewpoint of comparative private international law. It takes the example of the French legal system and the Arab States multi-legislative legal systems. The adopted solutions in the resolution of conflicts of laws in matter of divorce are closely linked to the problem of value conflicts and even cannot be dissociated. This expresses not only the legal philosophy of the legislator and his affection by his values but also the judicial tendencies in legal practice. For that, the thesis answers the question to what extent the values of each legal system impact on the resolution of conflicts of laws in matter of divorce. To answer to this question, it needs to proceed through the pathway of the conflict rule. The conflictual and functional approach of the rules applicable to divorce suppose and imply effectively the scrutiny of the form and the intensity of the influence of values. Based on this conceptual framework, the thesis proceeds in two main parts. The first part examines the specificities of the compared legal systems while analysing the choice-of-law rules. This part demonstrates the influence of values on the choice-of-law rules. The second part assesses and examines the excessive importance attributed to the values of the forum state while applying the conflict of laws rules. Based on this assessment, this part illustrates the impact of the values of the legal systems by comparison with the challenges and the difficulties faced by judges while applying the choice-of-law rules
Hirtzlin-Pinçon, Olivier. "L'influence de la situation géopolitique au Moyen-Orient sur la génération des accords israélo-arabes depuis "Camp David I" : la frontière d'Israël." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00300769.
Full textEl-Nahas, Marie Maurice. "Impact de la religion musulmane sur le secteur bancaire libanais : cas des banques islamiques." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/644/1/M10055.pdf.
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