Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Islamic medicine'
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Jolin, Paula. "Epilepsy in medieval Islamic history." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0025/MQ50527.pdf.
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Abdalla, Mohamad, and n/a. "The Fate of Islamic Science Between the Eleventh and Sixteenth Centuries: A Critical Study of Scholarship from Ibn Khaldun to the Present." Griffith University. School of Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040618.091027.
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The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively survey and evaluate scholarship, from Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) to the present, on the fate of Islamic science between the eleventh and sixteenth-centuries, and to outline a more adequate scholarly approach. The thesis also assesses the logic and empirical accuracy of the accepted decline theory, and other alternative views, regarding the fate of Islamic science, and investigates the procedural and social physiological factors that give rise to inadequacies in the scholarship under question. It also attempts to construct an intellectual model for the fate of Islamic science, one that examines the cultural environment, and the interactions among different cultural dynamics at work. Drawing upon Ibn Khaldun's theory and recent substantial evidence from the history of Islamic science, this thesis also entails justifying the claim that, contrary to common assumptions, different fates awaited Islamic science, in different areas, and at different times. For the period of Ibn Khaldun to the present, this thesis presents the first comprehensive review of both classical and contemporary scholarship, exclusively or partially, devoted to the fate of Islamic science for the period under study. Based on this review, the thesis demonstrates that, although the idea that Islamic science declined after the eleventh century has gained a wide currency, and may have been established as the preferred scholarly paradigm, there is no agreement amongst scholars regarding what actually happened. In fact, the lexicon of scholarship that describes the fate of Islamic science includes such terms as: "decline," "decadence," "stagnation," "fragmentation," "standstill," and that Islamic science "froze," to name just a few. More importantly, the study shows that six centuries ago, the Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun provided a more sophisticated and complex theory regarding what happened to Islamic science, which was not utilised except in the work of two scholars. The thesis tests the adequacy of the different claims by applying them to four case studies from the history of Islamic science, and demonstrate that evidence for specified areas shows that different fates awaited Islamic science in different areas and times. In view of the fact that Ibn Khaldun's theory is six centuries old, and that evidence of original scientific activity beyond the eleventh century emerged in the 1950s, what would one expect the state of scholarship to be? One would expect that with the availability of such evidence the usage of "decline" and other single-faceted terms would begin to disappear from the lexicon of scholarship; scholars would show awareness, and criticism, of each other's work; and development of more and more sophisticated concepts would emerge that would explain the fate of Islamic science. The thesis demonstrates that this did not happen. It argues that the key problem is that, after Ibn Khaldun, there was a centuries-long gap, in which even excellent historians used simple, dismissive terms and concepts defined by a limited, but highly persistent, bundle of interpretative views with a dominant theme of decline. These persistent themes within the scholarship by which Islamic science is constructed and represented were deeply embedded in many scholarly works. In addition, many scholars failed to build on the work of others; they ignored major pieces of evidence; and, in most cases, they were not trying to discern what happened to Islamic science but were referring to the subject as part of another project. Thus, in this corpus of scholarship, one that contains the work of some of the 'best' scholars, the myth of the decline remains not only intact but also powerful. Convinced of its merit, scholars passed it on and vouched for it, failing to distinguish facts from decisions based on consensus, emotion, or tradition. There are very few noteworthy cases where Islamic science is being represented in ways that do not imply negativity. There are also some few narratives that present more complex descriptions; however, even Ibn Khaldun's complex theory, which is arguably the most adequate in the scholarship, is non-comprehensive. Some modern scholars, like Saliba and Sabra, present a challenge to the common argument that Islamic science suffered a uniform decline. However, in the absence of any significant challenges to the common claims of the fate of Islamic science, particularly that of decline, it is evident that, at the very least, the scholarship seems to offer support to the work of discourses that construct the fate of Islamic science in single-faceted, simplistic and reductive terms.
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Abdalla, Mohamad. "The Fate of Islamic Science Between the Eleventh and Sixteenth Centuries: A Critical Study of Scholarship from Ibn Khaldun to the Present." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367065.
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The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively survey and evaluate scholarship, from Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) to the present, on the fate of Islamic science between the eleventh and sixteenth-centuries, and to outline a more adequate scholarly approach. The thesis also assesses the logic and empirical accuracy of the accepted decline theory, and other alternative views, regarding the fate of Islamic science, and investigates the procedural and social physiological factors that give rise to inadequacies in the scholarship under question. It also attempts to construct an intellectual model for the fate of Islamic science, one that examines the cultural environment, and the interactions among different cultural dynamics at work. Drawing upon Ibn Khaldun's theory and recent substantial evidence from the history of Islamic science, this thesis also entails justifying the claim that, contrary to common assumptions, different fates awaited Islamic science, in different areas, and at different times. For the period of Ibn Khaldun to the present, this thesis presents the first comprehensive review of both classical and contemporary scholarship, exclusively or partially, devoted to the fate of Islamic science for the period under study. Based on this review, the thesis demonstrates that, although the idea that Islamic science declined after the eleventh century has gained a wide currency, and may have been established as the preferred scholarly paradigm, there is no agreement amongst scholars regarding what actually happened. In fact, the lexicon of scholarship that describes the fate of Islamic science includes such terms as: "decline," "decadence," "stagnation," "fragmentation," "standstill," and that Islamic science "froze," to name just a few. More importantly, the study shows that six centuries ago, the Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun provided a more sophisticated and complex theory regarding what happened to Islamic science, which was not utilised except in the work of two scholars. The thesis tests the adequacy of the different claims by applying them to four case studies from the history of Islamic science, and demonstrate that evidence for specified areas shows that different fates awaited Islamic science in different areas and times. In view of the fact that Ibn Khaldun's theory is six centuries old, and that evidence of original scientific activity beyond the eleventh century emerged in the 1950s, what would one expect the state of scholarship to be? One would expect that with the availability of such evidence the usage of "decline" and other single-faceted terms would begin to disappear from the lexicon of scholarship; scholars would show awareness, and criticism, of each other's work; and development of more and more sophisticated concepts would emerge that would explain the fate of Islamic science. The thesis demonstrates that this did not happen. It argues that the key problem is that, after Ibn Khaldun, there was a centuries-long gap, in which even excellent historians used simple, dismissive terms and concepts defined by a limited, but highly persistent, bundle of interpretative views with a dominant theme of decline. These persistent themes within the scholarship by which Islamic science is constructed and represented were deeply embedded in many scholarly works. In addition, many scholars failed to build on the work of others; they ignored major pieces of evidence; and, in most cases, they were not trying to discern what happened to Islamic science but were referring to the subject as part of another project. Thus, in this corpus of scholarship, one that contains the work of some of the 'best' scholars, the myth of the decline remains not only intact but also powerful. Convinced of its merit, scholars passed it on and vouched for it, failing to distinguish facts from decisions based on consensus, emotion, or tradition. There are very few noteworthy cases where Islamic science is being represented in ways that do not imply negativity. There are also some few narratives that present more complex descriptions; however, even Ibn Khaldun's complex theory, which is arguably the most adequate in the scholarship, is non-comprehensive. Some modern scholars, like Saliba and Sabra, present a challenge to the common argument that Islamic science suffered a uniform decline. However, in the absence of any significant challenges to the common claims of the fate of Islamic science, particularly that of decline, it is evident that, at the very least, the scholarship seems to offer support to the work of discourses that construct the fate of Islamic science in single-faceted, simplistic and reductive terms.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Science
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Al-Hammadi, Abdulla Mal Allah Abdulrahman. "Medicine, medical liability, and doctors' criminal liability and punishments in Islamic Shari'a and the UAE." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413293.
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Khalil, Basem A. "Modern insights into the policies affecting public health in the Islamic Caliphate (622CE – 1258CE)." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2016. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/6153/.
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Background/aim: In the Western world, the emergence of historical research on the effects of the social determinants of health has provided the discipline of public health with new insight into this aspect of population health complementing the more traditional focus on the history of medicine. The Islamic Caliphate was a dominant power in its time and little is known about its public health history. This thesis aims to provide a chronologically historical account of the policies taken in this period and analyse them in the light of modern theories of public health. Materials and Methods: This thesis employed a qualitative research technique. Known primary and secondary historical sources were examined and data translated and presented in a chronological order. Modern historical sources analysing the historical accounts of that era were also used. Policies affecting health were retrieved and analysed using modern day research into the same policies. Results: The analysis has resulted in a revisionist argument that policies affecting public health in a positive way did exist in a sophisticated manner in the Islamic Caliphate albeit in an inconsistent manner. The study complements the works of medical historians who identified a “Golden Age” in the later era of the Caliphate with advancements in medical science with a potential “Golden Age” in the early era related to the social determinants of health. Conclusion: This thesis provides for the first time a chronological study of policies affecting public health in an era of public health history that has not been studied before. In addition it provides for the first time a modern analysis of these policies.
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Nicolae, Daniel Sebastian. "A mediaeval court physician at work : Ibn Jumay''s commentary on the Canon of Medicine." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8e53786-7e15-4cf9-928b-dd492a740acd.
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Ibn Jumay''s (d. c. 594/1198) commentary on the Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 428/1037) occupies an important place in the history of medicine for it is the first Canon commentary written by a physician and thus stands at the start of a tradition extending over 500 years. In addition, it is a so-far neglected source for our understanding of mediaeval Islamic medicine. The present thesis analyses the commentary with the aims of (1) determining the methods by which the court physician composed his treatise and (2) understanding why Ibn Jumay' undertook to prepare a commentary on one of the most thorough medical compendia of the middle ages. Chapter One presents the biography of Ibn Jumay', reveals that his religion had little impact on his writings and surveys his library which played a pivotal role in the composition of the commentary. Chapter Two investigates Ibn Jumay''s methodology in the entire commentary; it reveals that with his philological and source-critical methods Ibn Jumay' wanted to establish an authoritative reading of the Canon and to demonstrate the high degree of his erudition. Chapter Three focuses on selected passages in the commentary in form of three case studies. Ibn Jumay''s comments on anatomy/dissection, assorted materia medica and headaches demonstrate the court physician’s reverence for ancient authorities and his quest to revive and refine their teachings. Chapter Four contextualises Ibn Jumay''s methods and agenda by comparing them to those of other relevant scholars of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The thesis concludes by arguing that Ibn Jumay''s commentary was part of his revival of the art of medicine and his attempt to gain power in the medical tradition by attaching his name to one of the greatest scholars of his time — the ra'īs Ibn Sīnā.
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Barry, Samuel Chew. "The question of Syriac influence upon early Arabic translations of the Aphorisms of Hippocrates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-question-of-syriac-influence-upon-early-arabic-translations-of-the-aphorisms-of-hippocrates(2b3f4f66-1192-46e7-83f4-34ba6a91d936).html.
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This thesis takes up the question of the part played by Syriac sources in the composition of early Arabic translations of the Hippocratic Aphorisms. In it, I compare the four major extant Syriac and Arabic translations of the Aphorisms with continual reference to the content of Syriac lexicons composed by the translator Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq and his students and successors. Through detailed treatments of both the definitions and translations of scores of individual Greek terms found in these sources, as well as through analysis of the translations of the Aphorisms, I weigh the relative importance of Greek and Syriac scholarship for Ḥunayn's translation praxis. In doing so, I specify the value of the Syriac lexicons for the study of Greek-to-Arabic translation while clarifying several outstanding issues in the broader history of Syriac and Arabic medicine.
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Moghtader-Marin, Soudabeh. "Droit, souci de soi et médecine de l’âme : éthique et vie philosophique chez Ostad Elahi." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100153.
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Cette recherche se propose d’examiner les racines de l’éthique philosophique chez Ostad Elahi (1895-1974) et la place de ce penseur dans la tradition de l’éthique iranienne et gréco-islamique. Celle-ci comprend, aux côtés de l’éthique philosophique, deux autres courants à savoir l’éthique religieuse et l’éthique mystique/spirituelle. En partant de la division classique qui, dans la philosophie antique, établit le couple theôria/praxis introduit dans la philosophie islamique, nous verrons quels sont, pour Ostad Elahi, les fondements théoriques sur lesquels il fonde son approche de l’âme et bâtit son éthique. De ce socle dérive alors l’articulation de la pratique éthique et spirituelle, une pratique aux effets thérapeutiques qu’il définit comme une « nouvelle médecine » de l’âme. À partir de ce matériau, le fils d’Ostad Elahi, Bahram Elahi (né en 1931), docteur en médecine, va développer cette approche galénique et proposer un schéma du soi qui rapproche les éléments issus de la tradition des apports de la modernitéThis research examines the roots of philosophical ethics in the works and teaching of Ostad Elahi (1895-1974), placing his contributions in the wider comparative context of earlier Greek, Zoroastrian and Islamic traditions of philosophical ethics. Beginning with the classical philosophical distinction of theȏria and praxis, we move on to outline the theoretical foundations of Ostad Elahi’s vision of the soul and ethics. There the metaphysical and spiritual backdrop of Ostad Elahi’s “theory” are complemented by a comprehensive course of ethical and spiritual practice designed to have transformative influences on the soul’s spiritual perfection, an approach which Ostad Elahi refers to as a “new medicine” of the soul. Starting from this teaching, Ostad Elahi’s son, the physician Bahram Elahi (b. 1931), has elaborated on these traditional conceptions for contemporary audiences, proposing a conception of the self where earlier philosophical and spiritual elements are expressed within the perspectives and language of modern science
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Garnyk, Liudmyla Petrivna, A. Shvetz, and V. Sherstyuk. "Halal food industry: digital trends and Ukrainian reality." Thesis, Подільський державний аграрно-технічний університет, 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/47451.
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Salmassian, Leyla. "Spirituality and Art Therapy: The Practice of Sufi Zikr, Sufi Meditation Tamarkoz and Art-Making From an Art Therapist’s Lens." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2017. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/298.
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This research examines the effects of a daily, ritualistic, intentional practice of Sufi meditation Tamarzok, Sufi Zikr and art making in the life of a female art therapist graduate student, in a transitional professional and developmental stage of life. The general psychology and art therapy literature were examined to look at contemporary understanding in the integration of spirituality and art in mental health. A lack of information in the art therapy literature prompted the interest in the development of this study to respond to this inquiry. This art-centered research informed by a heuristic, phenomenological, dialectical inquiry of self-examination, encompassed the practice of Sufi Zikr and Sufi meditation Tamarkoz as understood from the perspective of the Sufi Order Maktab Tarighat Oveyssi Shahmaghsoudi School of Islamic Sufism, followed by art making as a way of documenting and contextualizing the qualities of the internal and external emotional landscapes to uncover themes and broaden self-knowledge in the support and enhancement of growth and well-being. The data was analyzed by looking at emergent themes. Conclusions drawn aligned the combined practices of art making and spirituality to that of a relational home where the Self and all parts of the psyche can coexist and contextualized for meanings to emerge and healing to take place. The findings of this inquiry were in overall alignment with the reviewed art therapy literature; gaps in the reviewed literature were noted in the exploration of the somatic component of the practice of art making as it relates to healing. Further research is warranted to expand and explore the data and the uncovered areas.
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Kazim, Fouzia. "Critical analysis of the Pakistan Medical Dental Council Code and Bioethical Issues." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9454.
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Medical paternalism is a common practice in Pakistan, it can be justified on the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence in certain clinical situations but in the research medicine it can pose many ethical implications.
Islam is a communitarian religion but it provides full autonomy to the competent individuals. Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PM&DC) codes of ethics have been formulated in line with the World Medical Association and it also states in its preamble that it follows Islamic bioethical laws. The PM&DC guidelines do not provide substantial system for obtaining consent from patients and the research participants. Neither does it comply with the Islamic bioethical laws nor with the International Declarations. The language used in the codes is ambiguous that can have different interpretations and there is no legal support from the civil law of the country. These factors supplemented with the cultural values have elevated the status of the physician and gives complete authority to them for medical decisions.
Medical paternalism in research medicine can be a violation of the dignity and autonomy of the research participants. Patients are used as means and commodities rather than end in themselves. The research involves risks of harms no matter how low these risks are – the matter of concern is that research participants are involved in research accompanied with risks about which they are not aware.
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Alabed, Hadhom Mohamed. "The effects of fasting for a single day, and during Ramadan, upon performance." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5958/.
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Ramadan requires individuals to abstain from food and fluid intake between sunrise and sunset; physiological considerations predict that poorer mood, physical performance and mental performance will result. In addition, any difficulties will be worsened because preparations for fasting and recovery from it often mean that nocturnal sleep is decreased in length, and this independently affects mood and performance. Previous field studies have indicated that some of these predictions are borne out in practice; in the first study of the present thesis, a field study performed in Libya, these predictions were tested further by adding more physiological measurements and tests of performance. Findings indicated that Ramadan was associated with negative effects upon a wide range of variables, including rising urine daytime osmolality (indicative of progressive dehydration), subjective estimates of amounts of activities actually performed and those wished to be done (indicating less activity in the daytime), and metabolic and subjective responses to a short bout of exercise (increased effort required and metabolism tending towards fat rather than glucose catabolism). Because of the difficulties of performing a battery of tasks in a field study, two laboratory-based experiments were then performed, the second differing from the first in studying a greater range of variables and more time-points during the daytime. These two studies also differed from the situation in Ramadan in that non-Muslim students were volunteers and fasting was performed for only one day. Many of the changes previously found in Ramadan were duplicated in this work, so justifying the use of laboratory experiments lasting one day and using non-Muslim subjects as a model for some of the problems present in Ramadan. However, it was also found that preparations before the fast were often less marked than was the case with Muslims in Ramadan, a difference that can be attributed to subjects' lack of experience of fasting as well as the amount of time spent fasting. A difficulty of interpretation in all these studies was that changes could be due to fasting and/or the length of sleep, which tends to decrease. These two factors were separated in the final experiment, an intervention study performed in the laboratory. This study compared effects of different durations of fasting (4, 8 or 16 h) upon a wide variety of measures (including subjective and objective assessments of performance, dehydration and responses to a short bout of exercise) - but with an unchanged amount of nocturnal sleep and daytime naps not allowed. Many of the negative effects observed in previous studies were present in this experiment also. These findings indicate that fasting was responsible for much of the change previously observed, though some effect of sleep loss, particularly if occurring on successive days (as would occur in Ramadan) cannot be excluded. One finding common to all studies was that tests of performance that had shown variations due to the combination of circadian influences, time awake and sleep loss in other experiments (including grip strength, the Stroop test and accuracy at throwing darts) seemed little affected. Possible reasons for these negative findings are discussed, together with further experiments to separate out effects of sleep loss and fasting, and the role of subjects' experience in studies of fasting. In addition, more detailed studies to investigate changes in sleep and the type and level of physical activities when fasting are proposed.
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Aljaid, Bandar. "Health communication and Islam : a critique of Saudi Arabia's efforts to prevent substance abuse." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22734.
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Health communication has gained worldwide recognition as one of the most effective methods for tackling global health challenges; a conclusion that is supported by a range of studies showing generally positive results. Literature in the field has tended to focus on one of two perspectives: either individual behaviour change or a cultural/critical approach. This dissertation, which falls into the latter category, extends previous work on health communication and culture into a new context, namely Saudi Arabia. The thesis is motivated by two main research questions. First, how has culture influenced health communication in Saudi Arabia specifically in initiatives against illicit drug use and alcohol abuse? Second, how has this communication developed? At the heart of this study is the role of Saudi culture in health communication in an increasingly interdependent and connected world. The dissertation makes use of mixed qualitative data collection methods. Principally, it utilised semi-structured interviews with key officials and focus groups with young Saudis and health promoters in Saudi Arabia as well as attendance at and observation of health-communication events and permanent exhibitions as a subordinate method. The study reveals promising findings supporting the growing scholarly interest in the cultural dimension of health communication. It concludes that the key influence of the Saudi culture on health communication against substance abuse is Islamic beliefs about health, in particular those about substance abuse. These beliefs created a rejection of illicit drug abuse in Saudi society, thereby shaping a supportive environment for promotion activities against risky health behaviour. In addition, Islamic influence inspired the related regulations and laws in the kingdom. Islamic and local influences exert a powerful influence on the practical side of health communication in Saudi Arabia, including the content of messages, the appeal used to attract the specific audience, and the communication channels used to promote the campaigns. The study engages with four concepts constituting the Islamic model of health and illicit drug abuse: prohibition (haram), promotion (Da’wah), repentance and inclusiveness (Tawbah), and treatment and rehabilitation (Elaj). The study also examines controversial issues about health communication in the country, such as the predominance of top-down communication, the absence of participatory communication and cultural diversity. In short, a lack of innovation and creativity in delivering health communication messages. The study illustrates the major role the Saudi government has played in communicating health and substance abuse since the 1980s, when officials realised the need to modernise the means of communicating health and drug issues from mosque-based only to include modern methods such as televised campaigns, school-based programmes and hospital-based health education. Since then, government-led health communication initiatives have been well established in the kingdom. The dissertation is able to demonstrate a critical understanding of the reality of health communication against substance abuse in Saudi Arabia and make a range of recommendations to improve the efficacy of current policies and suggest new avenues for future research.
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Dridi, Sameh. "Die Bedeutung der spirituellen Heilung in Tunesien." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16475.
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Die Schulmedizin ist zwar das offizielle und anerkannte Gesundheitssystem in Tunesien, jedoch findet der Beobachter zahlreiche traditionelle und moderne alternative Heilmethoden, die miteinander koexistieren. Dazu gehört die spirituelle Heilung bzw. die tibb ruhani, die im letzten Jahrzehnt zunehmend eine zentrale Stellung im „health seeking behavior“ der Jugendlichen eingenommen hat. Viele der älteren Heilpraktiken standen in der Öffentlichkeit im Schatten der Schulmedizin und des offiziellen Islam. Dabei spielte der Bezug auf die religiösen Texte und die übernatürliche Welt und ihre Kräfte sowie auf die traditionelle Medizin eine wichtige Rolle. Meine zehnmonatige Feldforschung bzw. meine Interviews mit den Jugendlichen zeigen die Bedeutung der spirituellen Heilung für diese Altersgruppe, die Heilung von ihren Krankheiten und Lösung für ihre sozialen Konflikte und Probleme sucht. Auch die Medien richten heute mehr Interesse auf diesen Bereich, in dem sie eher kritische Artikel darüber veröffentlichen und die Werbung der Heiler publizieren. Diese Ambivalenz zeigt, dass der Umgang mit der spirituellen Heilung in der Öffentlichkeit einen interessanten Wandel erlebt. Die Bedeutung der traditionellen Medizin und der volksislamischen Heilpraktiken war zwar immer in der Gesellschaft verankert, blieb allerdings bis jetzt nur im Hintergrund. Eine Transformation und eine öffentliche Anerkennung erhalten sie erst durch die moderne spirituelle Heilung. Die mediale Präsenz der spirituellen Heilung zeigt, dass Krankheit und soziale Konflikte nicht mehr als lediglich die Privatsphäre betreffen. Dies impliziert eine staatliche Strategie als eine Art Sicherheitsventil für die sozio-wirtschaftlichen Probleme vor allem der Jugendlichen (Arbeitslosigkeit, Perspektivlosigkeit, Migrationswunsch) und ebenso gegenüber dem politischen Islam. Abschließend ist die spirituelle Heilung ein fester Bestandteil des medizinischen Pluralismus in Tunesien geworden und es bestehen Bestrebungen, mit der Schulmedizin zu kooperieren.In addition to modern medicine, traditional medicine plays an important role in the medical system of Tunisia. There are different healing methods which characterize the medical landscape of the country and they coexist in an interesting way. This variety has a remarkable impact on the health seeking behavior of the Tunisians and especially of the younger generations (17-30), who have become increasingly interested in spiritual healing (tibb ruhani). This healing method deals with illnesses including modern methods of treatment and, additionally, it focuses on a number of issues and problems which concern this age group such as social conflicts, unemployment and migration. The image of spiritual healing has changed considerably over the past ten years. This transformation has led to a new understanding of illness and healing and to the development of new strategies regarding the health seeking behavior. Spiritual healing is based, on the one hand, on religious texts, the supernatural world and its agents and, on the other hand, on traditional healing methods and modern medicine. Up to recently, the traditional healing methods only played a marginal role in the medical system and they were hardly attractive to the young generations. My fieldwork, however, clearly shows that spiritual healing has deeply aroused the interest of this age group and, at the same time, it has met with public recognition. The mass media have also become interested in the phenomenon of spiritual healing and are publishing increasing numbers of articles about the spiritual healers and their methods and by giving them the opportunity to participate in a variety of TV-shows. This new attitude towards illness, healing and social problems underlines that these topics are no longer private concerns. The spiritual healing has incorporated the current social and economic transformations. The healers have become important contacts for this age group who consult them to find adequate solutions to a wide range of their concerns. The government profits from this new role of the spiritual healing and it uses it for various purposes such as to alleviate social tensions. The importance of the spiritual healing in Tunisia is also underlined by the serious attempt to develop an official cooperation between spiritual healing and modern medicine.
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Murphy, Richard. "Health professionals and ethnic Pakistanis in Britain : risk, thalassaemia and audit culture." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2802.
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The central theme or 'red-thread' that I consider in this thesis is the concept of risk as it is perceived by and affects the two sides of the medical encounter -in this instance ethnic Pakistanis and Health Professionals- in Britain. Each side very often perceives risk quite distinctively, relating to the balance between the spiritual and temporal realms. This is particularly germane in matters to do with possible congenital defects within the prenatal realm for the ethnic Pakistani, and predominantly Muslim, side of this encounter. Thus one of the factors considered in this thesis is how senses of Islam impact upon the two sides. By ethnic Pakistanis Islam is seen as central to all life decisions, whilst Health Professionals view Islam with some considerable trepidation, little understanding it or its centrality to the former's decision-making processes. This is particularly significant with regard to attitudes to health and health care. In the initial stages of the project I had thought first cousin marriage (FCM), seen by ethnic Pakistanis as desirable and by Health Professionals as putting ethnic Pakistanis at-risk to be central to the argument, but concluded that concerns around FCM were a 'red herring', merely a trope for the tensions between the two sides -at once both British and at-risk from audit culture. Although no longer central, FCM remains a viable touchstone in consideration of the two sides' perceptions of genetic risk. In this thesis the medical encounter between ethnic Pakistanis and Health Professionals is performed within the realm of the so called New Genetics. Here the respective understandings of the New Genetics are informed by the enculturation processes that shape the two sides' world view. Furthermore, I will agree with Lord Robert Winston's and others' concern that any attempt to eradicate an adaptive genetic mutation, in this instance, thalassaemia, from the gene pool is not only undesirable in the short term, but also that such eradications may have an adverse, and far reaching, effect on whole population groups in the future. The main thrust of my argument is that audit culture not only compounds risk for both sides, but also perpetuates institutional racism within the National Health Service (NHS), by promulgating what I have called the language myth. That is to say that much institutional racism is the unwanted by-product of the NHS's attempts to become more patient centred and its continuing efforts to develop systems of best practice. This professionalisation process within the NHS can be seen to impact most strongly in relation to communication -particularly the claimed language barrier between the two sides. This 'barrier' has worrying policy implications for any meaningful communication between the two sides, notably relating to obtaining informed consent from ethnic Pakistani patients -with a resultant increase in risk for the two sides and clear economic consequences for the NHS.
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Wilson, David. "The effects of intermittent fasting during Ramadan on performance related to football." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5862/.
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During the 9th lunar month of each year around 1 billion Muslims adhere to the religious 4- week festival of Ramadan, which is considered as a time for empathy for those less fortunate, a time for restraint, and goodwill. The main focus of the religious intervention of Ramadan is the intermittent fast whereby, each day between dawn and sunset nutritional abstinence is practiced. Empirical evidence from experienced soccer coaches in Qatar has indicated that the 4-week intermittent fast during Ramadan impedes the quality and quantity of training, as well as match play. However, there has been lack of attention directed to the consequences associated with Ramadan and football (soccer) players. Greater understanding of the consequences of Islamic soccer players adhering to lifestyle changes and intermittent fasting would facilitate soccer coaches in a systematic approach to addressing potential negative performance effects associated with Ramadan in future soccer-seasons. In order to address the research problem, a soccer-specific battery of tests was required; as there is no established gold standard battery of soccer-specific field tests preliminary technical and methodological studies were required. In Study-1 a soccer-specific anaerobic capacity field test (Liverpool Anaerobic Speed Test or LAST) was piloted for validity, reliability, and practicality since, the choice for suitable soccer-specific anaerobic capacity tests were inadequate. It was found that two familiarisation sessions are necessary to reduce systematic bias markedly and habituate players with procedures of the LAST. The total measurement error (ratio of Limits of Agreement) of the LAST was 2.5% (± 18 m), and peak blood lactate values produced were 17.6 mmol.l⁻¹, which were greater than the 14.7 mmol.l⁻¹ criteria set for maximal anaerobic effort before the pilot study. The test set-up and administration proved to be practical, facilitating large numbers of subjects to be evaluated relatively quickly ( < 20 min). Therefore, the LAST was included in the soccer-specific battery of field tests, which then provided a comprehensive analysis of the separate components soccer performance. The available facility to conduct this investigation was the soccer-field at Al-Ahli Sports Club Doha, Qatar and therefore, further methodological investigations were necessary; temperatures within Qatar can vary during different times of the season, and at times are quite severe with respect to heat and humidity. The purpose of Study-2 was to examine how robust the discrete soccer-specific field tests were which, would be used during the intervention of Ramadan, using a repeated measures counter-balanced design of indoor and outdoor conditions. It was found that during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YYIRT) (Krustrup et al., 2003) outdoor assessment maximal performance was reduced by 19% in contrast to the YYIRT conducted indoors, despite the subjects attaining similar maximal heart rates. Consequently, the YYIRT to volitional exhaustion was excluded from the battery of tests to be used during the intervention of Ramadan; all other soccer-specific field tests were found to be robust for use in the heat. The aim of Study-3 was a qualitative investigation to observe current soccer-practice and related factors surrounding training; this brief included bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, environmental conditions, pre-training dehydration, body fluids lost during training, body-core temperature, and relative training intensity. During Ramadan it was found that bedtime and wake-up time were significantly delayed and sleep duration lengthened compared to normal. Post-Ramadan was found to be akin to eastward time travel with advancement in bedtime, wake-up and return to normal sleep duration. Dehydration was significantly greater pre-training during Ramadan in comparison to non- Ramadan training weeks, and body fluid loss during training in both Ramadan and non- Ramadan periods was considerable. Relative training workload was also quantified during this time and highlighted important practical problems.
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Nilsson, Anette, and Tommy Svensson. "Omvårdnad i livets slutskede i ett kulturellt perspektiv." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25528.
Full textAbstract:
Nilsson, A & Svensson, T. Omvårdnad i livets slutskede i ett kulturellt perspektiv. En litteraturstudie om vårdpersonalens omhändertagande av döende patient från islamsk och judisk religion/kultur. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 10 poäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och samhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2005.Genom världens globalisering och de öppna gränser det har medfört, har arbetet som sjukvårdspersonal fått ytterligare en inriktning, nämligen den kulturkongru-enta vården. Att sköta en patient i livets slutskede är en krävande uppgift, om se-dan patienten dessutom kommer från en annan kultur, krävs en kunskap och en annan inriktning på arbetet än vad vi är vana vid. Syftet med studien var att belysa vilka kunskaper vårdpersonalen behöver vid omvårdnad av patienter som har en annan kultur/religion än vårdgivarens egen och är i livets slutskede. I de veten-skapliga artiklar vi analyserat framkommer viss kunskapsbrist hos vårdpersonal, religiöst kunniga medlemmar, samt familjemedlemmars omhändertagande. I stu-dien framkommer även lämpliga åtgärder som bör vidtagas. Den kunskap och information vi fått från vår analys av artiklar och litteraturstudier, visar att mer utbildning och forskning behövs inom det här området.Nilsson, A & Svensson, T. End of life care from a cultural perspective. A litera-ture review about the nursing staffs care of dying and/or deceased patient from Islamic or Jewish religion/culture. Degree project, 10 Credit Points. Nursing pro-gram. Malmö University, Health and Society, Department of Nursing, 2005.Through the world´s globalising and the open borders this brings, the nursing staff’s work have gotten yet another alignment, namely the culture congruent care. To care for a patient in the end of life is a demanding task, and if then the patient furthermore is from another culture, this will demand a knowledge and alignment in the work we are used to. The purpose of this study was to illustrate which knowledge the nursing staff needs in care of patients that have a different cul-ture/religion other than the caregivers own and is in the end of life. In the scien-tific articles we analysed certain lack of knowledge with the nursing staff, reli-gious competent members, and family members care emerged. In the study also appropriate needs to be undertaken emerged. The knowledge and information we received from our analysis of the articles and literature reviews shows that more education and research in this area is needed.
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Gunnesson, Anna, and Laura Odeberger. "Kulturella och religiösa faktorer i sjuksköterskans bemötande/omvårdnad av döende." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24616.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med studien var att granska och sammanställa kvalitativa artiklar för att få kunskap om vilken kulturell och religiös kunskap samt förståelse man som sjuksköterska bör ha, då man möter och vårdar döende patienter från andra kulturer och religioner än sin egen.Vi ville även få veta vilken syn judar, muslimer och buddhister har på döden och döendet i samband med sin egen eller sina anhörigas död.The purpose of this study to examine and compile qualitative articles to receive knowledge about the cultural and religious cognizance and also the understanding a nurse ought to have, when she meets and nurses dying patients from other cultures and religions than her own. We also had intention to find out which outlook Jews, Muslims and Buddhists have on dying and death associated with their own or death within family.
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Laidouni, Nouhad. "El rol del sistema sanitario y de los factores socioculturales en el funcionamiento del trasplante y de la donación de órganos en Argelia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/65671.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivo: El objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral es identificar las barreras que dificultan el desarrollo de los trasplantes y donación de órganos en Argelia, en relación con el funcionamiento del sistema sanitario, así como con las creencias y tradiciones derivadas del islam según la percepción de los profesionales sanitarios. Métodos: La investigación está compuesta por dos estudios cualitativos basados en entrevistas a profesionales sanitarios. El primer estudio consiste en un análisis temático de las barreras identificadas por los profesionales en relación a las funciones del propio sistema de salud vinculadas a la donación y trasplante de órganos. El segundo estudio explora como las creencias y tradiciones derivadas de la religión influyen en la decisión de donar los órganos en la población argelina. Resultados y discusión: Los profesionales sanitarios identificaron limitaciones en la organización del sistema sanitario en su conjunto y además, vinculadas con la gestión y el funcionamiento de la donación de órganos y la actividad de los trasplantes. Las barreras señaladas están relacionadas con la escasez de información que recibe la comunidad, la insuficiente inversión en infraestructuras y tecnologías, la falta de desarrollo de los recursos humanos, de los servicios de gestión del sistema sanitario y de la administración de las estructuras sanitarias. Por otra parte, los profesionales sanitarios consideran que las creencias y tradiciones derivadas del Islam en la población argelina dificultan la donación y trasplantes de órganos. Destacan la falta de claridad y desinformación entre la población sobre la postura del Islam en torno a la donación y al trasplante de órganos. Los profesionales opinan que estas creencias tienen un impacto negativo sobre la donación de órganos a partir de donantes fallecidos debido a la existencia de mitos derivados de la religión islámica y al desconocimiento de la población argelina sobre el posicionamiento de los representantes religiosos frente al trasplante y a la donación de órganos. Conclusiones: La resolución de los problemas que Argelia afronta sobre la donación y trasplante de órganos requeriría mayor voluntad política y compromiso gubernamental. El fortalecimiento del sistema de salud y el desarrollo de todas las áreas vinculadas al sistema de trasplantes sería necesario para mejorar la salud de la población afectada. Sensibilizar y educar a la sociedad sobre los beneficios de esta terapia contribuiría a aumentar la tasa de donantes. Finalmente la colaboración entre el sector sanitario y los representantes religiosos para sensibilizar a la población podría mejorar la disposición de la población a donar sus órganos.
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Guariento, Luca. "From monochord to weather-glass : musica speculativa and its development in Robert Fludd's philosophy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6246/.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis is an enquiry into the nature and consistency of the idea of music as a metaphor throughout the works of the English philosopher and physician Robert Fludd (1573/4-1637). Fludd was very fond of a view of the world in which man is made of the same elements and the same proportions of the cosmos. Though this idea was slowly losing credit amongst the intellectuals of the time, Fluddean thought made some impact in the British Isles, and even more so on the continent: Johannes Kepler, for instance, wrote extensively about Fludd’s use of numerical symbolism, and stressed the differences between his own idea of harmony of the spheres and Fludd’s. After Fludd’s death, his ideas were still taken seriously amongst certain intellectual circles, e.g. in England (John Webster) and Poland (John Amos Comenius), and Fluddean thought influenced German musico-theoretical writers such as Athanasius Kircher, Andreas Werckmeister, and Johann Walther. But the subsequent centuries witnessed a general obliviousness towards Fludd. His figure began to re- emerge only in the second half of the 20th century in an increasing number of essays, papers, articles and a few books dedicated to him. What is still lacking, though, is a reassessment relying upon a more organic approach, which takes into account the entirety of Fludd’s publications and the wide range of topics covered in them. My work attempts to address this issue. The musical metaphor is one of the strongest leitmotifs in Fluddean publications, thanks to its being fit for representing man, the cosmos, and their interrelationship. Indeed the monochord, which well before Fludd was the preeminent practical and philosophical demonstration of the Pythagorean ‘divine’ proportions, rules the pages of Fludd’s earlier volumes. In later volumes, though, a new instrument takes its place: the more up-to-date weather-glass, surprisingly also linked to musical proportions. I argue that the new scientific instrument retains some of the monochord’s traits, thus representing an original re-arrangement of ‘ancient’ music; in fact, Fludd even applies it to the human pulse – an under-studied topic that I survey in detail. Following the whole Fluddean opera omnia is a task that gives one a glimpse of Fludd’s reactions to the deep changes that the intellectual and scientific world was undergoing from a perspective that has been, so far, largely neglected. This opens up to new fascinating outlooks on music, medicine and science at the beginning of the seventeenth century.
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Krall, Lisa. "Beschneidung." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-220373.
Full textAbstract:
Beschneidung umfasst einschränkende, genitalverändernde und -normierende Eingriffe. Zu unterscheiden sind unter anderem die Vorhautbeschneidung bei Jungen sowie Genitalbeschneidungen bei Mädchen in christlichen, islamischen und jüdischen Traditionen, medizinisch indizierte Praxen, genitale Schönheitschirurgie und genitalvereinheitlichende Behandlungen intergeschlechtlicher Neugeborener. Letztere sind wie die religiös motivierten Eingriffe Thema anhaltender rechtlicher und ethischer Debatten.
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Krall, Lisa. "Beschneidung." Universität Köln, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15393.
Full textAbstract:
Beschneidung umfasst einschränkende, genitalverändernde und -normierende Eingriffe. Zu unterscheiden sind unter anderem die Vorhautbeschneidung bei Jungen sowie Genitalbeschneidungen bei Mädchen in christlichen, islamischen und jüdischen Traditionen, medizinisch indizierte Praxen, genitale Schönheitschirurgie und genitalvereinheitlichende Behandlungen intergeschlechtlicher Neugeborener. Letztere sind wie die religiös motivierten Eingriffe Thema anhaltender rechtlicher und ethischer Debatten.
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Brisville, Marianne. "L'alimentation carnée dans l'Occident islamique médiéval : productions, consommations et représentations." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2119.
Full textAbstract:
L’alimentation se trouve à la croisée des domaines économiques et sociaux, culturels et religieux, matériels et environnementaux. Cette caractéristique se trouve renforcée dans le cas de la viande en raison de ses modalités de production et de consommation et de ses représentations. Sources de tensions et d’ambiguïtés, de désirs et de dégoûts, la chair animale subit de multiples processus menant de l’obtention de « la matière première » à la consommation de cet aliment qui apparaît comme une construction éminemment culturelle fabriquée grâce à des techniques matérielles. L’historiographie a traditionnellement caractérisé la viande comme étant un aliment rare, cher et consommé essentiellement, voire uniquement par les élites. Alors que cette vision a récemment été nuancée et fortement pondérée pour l’Occident chrétien médiéval, il s’avère essentiel de réinterroger l’image issue des sources textuelles à l’aune des données archéologiques dans l’Occident islamique médiéval. Les discours produits des sources arabes – telles que les traités culinaires, diététiques ou juridiques – concourent à valoriser l’aliment carné au moyen d’un large spectre argumentaire associant les dimensions matérielles, socio-économiques, socioculturelles et symboliques. Toutefois, la confrontation avec les données archéozoologiques mène à considérer les trois paramètres majeurs qu’étaient la quantité, la qualité et la fréquence de consommation de cette denrée particulière. Il convient de même d’appréhender l’ensemble de la population d’al-Andalus et du Maghreb médiéval et de percevoir dans quelle mesure la saisonnalité représentait un enjeu majeur dans l’approvisionnement et dans la consommation des viandesFood is at a crossroads of various fields: economical, social, cultural, religious, material, and environmental. This characteristic is heightened in the case of meat because of its modalities of production, consumption, and representation. Being a source of tensions and ambiguities, of desire and disgust, animal flesh goes through multiple processes leading from the procurement the “raw material” to its consumption as an aliment, which appears as an eminently cultural construction made by material techniques. The historiography has traditionally characterized meat as an aliment being rare, expensive, and mainly, or even, only consumed by the elites. While this vision for the Medieval Christian West has been nuanced and pondered since, it is all the more fundamental to question the traditional image of a rare and expensive aliment for the Medieval Islamic West, by the confrontation of the textual and the archæological data available for this space. All the discourses provided by the Arabic sources—culinary, dietetic, and juridical ones—are unanimous in the valorisation of meat, by means of a large spectrum of arguments that associate the material, socio-economic, socio-cultural, and symbolic dimensions. However, confronting the textual and archæozoological data leads to consider three major parameters, which are the quantity, the quality, and the frequency of the consumption of this particular commodity. Moreover, it is crucial to apprehend, socio-economically and socio-culturally, all the strata of the population of al-Andalus and of the Medieval Maghreb, in order to perceive how far seasonality represented a major issue in the supply and the consumption of meat
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Mahomed, Surreya. "Modern and Islamic medicine : some implications for training health care professionals in Kuwait." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17294.
Full textAbstract:
The historical roots of traditional and modem Western medicine have been
the same, but during the past century these systems have diverged modem medicine has became
dominant, replacing traditional systems in much of the world and denigrating them as quackery. In
recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems, with a remarkable
change in attitude among health care professionals in many parts of the world. There is an
increasing emphasis upon the importance of health care providers familiarizing
themselves with specific culture-bound syndromes and their manifestations, in order to
provide quality care to culturally diverse clients seeking health care services. Thus, there is a
need for a complementary relationship between traditional healing practices and modem medicine in
the world, reflecting the importance of respect for cultural diversity in health planning. The
research problem assumes a relation between three distinctive dimensions of reality, namely, the
industrial mentality, culture, and education. These dimensions will be discussed - according to
the relation-axes model introduced by Wielemans and Chan (1992:19), which investigates
the complexity of relationships between man and himself, man and fellowmen, man and nature, and man
and the transcendental. In Kuwait the traditional healing practices will be examined according to
Islamic medicine and its contribution to health care. A comparison of modem and Islamic medicine is
formulated and recommendations are made for the training health care professionals in Kuwait.Educational Studies
D. Ed. (Comparative Education)
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Pittle, Kevin D. Josserand J. Kathryn. "Continuity and change in Islamic ethnopharmacological practice new methods for cognitive dialectometry /." Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11142005-182527.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005.Advisor: J. Kathryn Josserand , Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 6, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 221 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Emmamally, Waheeda. "An exploratory study of the lived experiences of critical care nurses with Muslim traditional illness practices." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3714.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the lived experiences of critical care nurses with Muslim traditional practices. Methodology: A phenomenological approach was used in the study to gain the critical care nurses' perspectives of Muslim traditional illness practices. The realised sample was six participants, from intensive care units within one provincial and one private hospital. The researcher applied the principle of theoretical saturation, which was achieved at the verifying interviews of the participants. Two semi- structured interviews were conducted with each participant an initial and a verifying interview, each of which lasted 20 - 30 minutes. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. Manual data analysis was used to identify categories and themes. Findings: The participants were open-minded to the Muslim clients' belief system on healing and agreed that the clients' cultural beliefs took precedence over their own beliefs. The participants believed that Muslims relied on traditional illness practices as these provided them with hope and faith in times of despair as well as provided them with emotional and spiritual contentment. A number of methods were used by the participants to acquire knowledge about Muslim traditional illness practices. There was great support for the delivery of culturally sensitive care amongst the critical care nurses. Recommendations were suggested for nursing education, nursing practice and further research to facilitate the creation of a culturally sensitive climate in health care delivery.Thesis (M.N.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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Kathree, Shamima. "Alternative health therapies among Muslims in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1563.
Full textAbstract:
This study identifies the most popular alternative health therapies among Muslims who live in Kwa-Zulu Natal. It then examines the philosophies underlying these therapies with a view to establish whether there is conflict between these therapies and the fundamental teachings of Islam. Finally, it determines the responses of Muslim therapists and patients respectively to potential areas of conflict.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.
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Hartman, Tomáš. "Kaligrafie na blízkovýchodních kovových předmětech." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404958.
Full textAbstract:
Islamic ritual bowls are one of the most overlooked phenomena of Islamic metalwork. Their design is comprised of a mixture of textual, geometric and mystical patterns and symbols. The main goal of this thesis is to examine, describe and interpret these elements to the highest extent possible. This work is based on the collection of National Museum - Náprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures that is the owner of a collection of fourteen bowls whose origin is ranging from 13th to 20th century. Thirteen of them are being examined in this thesis.