Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Islam et littérature – 2000-'
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Fischer, Nicole. "Représentations de l'Islam dans la littérature contemporaine - Le nouveau "genre" de la dystopie islamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030076.
Full textThis thesis focuses on a comparative analysis of the literary form of Islamic dystopia – dystopian narratives that address the crisis of Islam in the real world and project it into a futuristic scenario, under the rule of an Islamist regime. These narratives exploit patterns of Islamic perception that are discursively perpetuated in the real world, imbuing them with a new explosive political force. This work examines the aesthetic, ideological, and socio-communicative aspects of Islamic dystopia that have not yet been systematically reviewed.We pay particular attention to how political concepts of identity, community, and future are treated within Islamic dystopias, especially in the context of the debate on the ‘muslim question’ often framed as a clash between Islam and the West. In that, the thesis identifies two main currents within contemporary literature's Islamic dystopias. On the one hand, works like 2084 : La Fin du Monde (2015) by Boualem Sansal and Soumission (2015) by Michel Houellebecq can be seen as compensatory literature. These works address the challenges posed by the growing presence of the Muslim Other in a world marked by migration and multiculturalism. They establish new boundaries based on the superiority of the West, which are aesthetically presented in the form of cultural triumphalism.On the other hand, works such as 2028 (2016 [2006]) by Thérèse Fournier and Le dernier Été de la Raison (1999) by Tahar Djaout take a fundamentally different approach to established discourses on Islam. These works weaken the political categories mobilized in aforementioned discourses and undermine their ideological core. Instead of promoting identification with the West, they encourage reflection, laden with compassion, upon alternative relationships between the individual, community, and future. They argue that the West itself is dystopian and prompt a re-evaluation of its relationship with Islam and Muslims, particularly by reevaluating a traumatic and shared past.Overall, this thesis contributes to the systematic understanding and analysis of Islamic dystopia as a literary form. It highlights the complexity of the political, cultural, and ideological aspects present in these narratives, showcasing how Islamic dystopia offers diverse perspectives on extraliterary reality and the role of literature in this discourse
Rubino, Marcella. "Religion et violence dans l'oeuvre de Yūsuf Zaydān : les chemins croisés de la fiction et de l'histoire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF014/document.
Full textThe Egyptian writer Yūsuf Zaydān is part of the tradition – dating from the age of the Nahḍa – of intellectuals as "educators of consciousness". Since then, faced with a national narrative controlled by political or religious power, Arab literature has often revisited history and current affairs with the aim of restoring – through the freedom offered by fictional discourse – the truth overshadowed by official history. Through this rewriting process, Zaydān is particularly interested in discussing the relationship between religion, politics and violence. The objective of this thesis is to explore Zaydān’s literary work in order to identify its originality. This originality is manifested, first, through Zaydān's dual profile as both academic and novelist, engaged in varied production that ranges from novels to essays; second, in the specific strategies he employs in order to address his privileged audience: the Egyptian reader. A controversial author in both his work and his personality, Zaydān is above all a literary phenomenon. An example of the blossoming literary field and the exacerbated cultural democratisation in Egypt, his case allows us to better understand ultra-modern Arab literature and what it expresses about the (politically, economically, culturally) recomposed and changing society that have produced it
Temsamani, Hafsa. "Par-delà le féminisme, le féminisme musulman? le cas de l'écriture-femmes en Arabie Saoudite, 1958-2008." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209634.
Full textDans les études sur le féminisme et le genre, l’Arabie Saoudite, il est vrai, constitue « une énigme ». Et c’est précisément ce qui nous a incité à explorer cet univers « voilé » dont nous allons, au gré de notre étude, tenter de « dévoiler » un tant soit peu le mystère.
Nous avons entrepris dans ce but une recherche approfondie à propos de l’écriture-femmes saoudienne romanesque depuis son essor en 1958 jusqu’à 2008. Ce sont donc cinquante années d’écriture-femmes saoudienne sur lesquelles nous nous pencherons au cours de notre étude. Le lecteur l’aura compris :le fil conducteur de notre recherche reposera sur l’écriture en tant que vecteur de prise de conscience féministe.
En définitive, ce travail se composera donc de trois grandes parties, chacune subdivisée en chapitres. Dans la première partie, nous développerons la question du féminisme en rapport avec l’islam. Le premier chapitre exposera le féminisme et le genre en tant qu’approche méthodologique des discours et des arguments féministes. Le deuxième chapitre traitera de la question de l’islam et de la laïcité. En effet, pour la plupart des pays musulmans, l’islam est une religion d’Etat. La charia est la source principale du droit, voire exclusive dans certains pays, comme en Arabie Saoudite où elle est considérée comme complète, suprême, supérieure à toute loi. Logiquement, une autre question surgira, celle qui sous-tend le troisième chapitre de cette première partie, au cours duquel nous nous demanderons si un « féminisme musulman » représente une réalité vraiment envisageable. La deuxième partie sera censée investiguer le contexte idéologique en vigueur en Arabie Saoudite. Ensuite, nous évoquerons une esquisse de la littérature en Arabie Saoudite et les orientations des écrivains saoudiens et saoudiennes. La troisième partie se centrera sur une analyse thématique de l’écriture-femmes romanesque saoudienne s’étalant sur une période allant de 1958 à 2008. Nous nous étendrons d’abord sur un panorama de cette écriture dans les contrées en général, avant d’aborder les thématiques les plus spécifiques de cette écriture, approuvant qu’il s’agisse d’un pays encore très mystérieux aux yeux des étrangers: l’Arabie Saoudite.
Il apparaîtra qu’une parenté certaine entre « écriture » et « militantisme féministe » sous-tend, à l’évidence, l’univers romanesque des femmes saoudiennes. En clair, l’apport de l’écriture-femmes saoudienne a été considérable :elle nous a offert une peinture vivante de l’Arabie Saoudite et de la condition féminine. Elle contribue à l’émergence d’un style de militantisme marqué par son berceau saoudien et, de ce fait, elle participe à l’avènement d’un féminisme proprement saoudien.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Fouladvind, Leyla. "La femme iranienne dans l'espace public post-révolutionnaire à travers les œuvres des romancières contemporaines (1990-2005)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0009.
Full textRelating to sociology, litterature and women's social status, the goal of this inter-disciplinary research is to analyze the social status of women in post-revolutionary Iran, through the work of eight contemporary novelists (F. Aghayi, T. Alavi, F. Hadj Seyyed Djavadi, Ch. Parsipour, Z. Pirzad, M. Ravanipour, P. Sani'i et F. Vafi) during 15 post-revolutionary years (1990-2005). As the first main part of this thesis, the interest about the private sphere (family, marital and personal privacy) and in the public space (urban, professional and social). In the second part, the detailed study of Iranian women's accessibility to public spaces (to education, to employement and to sozialisation) reveal that the female question, with all its ambivalences, is a major issue in the democratization of the Iranian society. The field of literature opens an area for novelists to express themselves. By playing with the close relationship between reality and fiction they bypass the censorship. With their different approaches, they all describe the socio-political disappointment of the post-revolutionary era. These "intermediate intellectuals", all women and writers, all women and writers at the same time, denounce the "unequal oppression" done against women and nourish the public debate around iconic themes such as democracy, individual freedom, community tolerance, etc. , and actively participate in the education of the civil society
Khedre, Mounira. "Naguib Mahfouz et Michel Houellebecq : deux romanciers face au tabou religieux. Le cas des Fils de la Médina [Awlâd Hâratinâ] et de Plateforme." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831353.
Full textSeck, Abdourahmane. "La question musulmane au Sénégal : entre fin 80 et milieu 2000." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10045.
Full textCorneille, Marie-Clémire. "Littérature et société à Cuba: l'affaire Padilla (1961-2000)." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0144.
Full textThe question of intellectual dissidence will be set down when castroism will become a socialist revolution. The first case known concerned Heberto Padilla, both poet and novelist. His book can be considered as the better way to explain the transition from adhesion to dissidence. First he spoke highly of the cuban revolution by publishing his anthology, el justo tiempo humano. But he will refuse the abrupt change initiated by the soviet version of socialism in cuba. So, he will publish fuera del juego, a subversive book which can be considered as a mistrut of Fidel Castro fomrmula, nothing outside the revolution. Sent to jail, his case will be known in european countries. Afterwards,the poet will keep on having further thoughts on poet's tragedies as well as cuba's difficulties. His autobiographic novel la Mala Memora will be a king of conclusion of his greats hardships with the Castro's regime. His effective exile and the end of his life will be marked by his anthology of poems a Fountain, A House of Stone
Madinier, Rémy Prudhomme Claude. "L'urne, l'étoile et le croissant." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/madinier_r.
Full textPeña, Soubras Marie-Christine. "Violence et littérature en Colombie pendant la période 1980-2000." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30055.
Full textSalhi, Mohamed Brahim. "Société et religion en Kabylie : 1850-2000." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030132.
Full textThis research is concerned with the relationship between society and religion in Kabylia with reference to the tradional trend and the reformist movement. The study further explores the changes in the areas which fall under the sway of reformist movement. For example, we wanted to question issue of Kabyle éducation in the first half of 20th Century. In this repect, the first thirteen chapters have been extended to two others chapters. These two chapters highlith the political struggles and Identity protest in Kabylia and focus on the intellectual and cultural elites who led them in the period between 1940 and 2001. This additional part is tightly linked to the other chapters as it extends the bounds between local and global issues, involving the crisis of modernity and the effects of modernization, and last, the nature of relationship between individual and his own self. Beside, we wanted to raise and treat the issue of social and political mediations starting from the analyis of recent and recurring protests in Kabylia
Mendy, Charles. "La représentation de la religion (animisme, Islam et Christianisme) dans la littérature sénégambienne." Limoges, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIMO2001.
Full textRahma, Zainal-Abidine. "L’errance dans l’oeuvre de Meddeb entre islam, soufisme et Occident : lecture d’un interculturel du possible." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268244/fr/.
Full textThis paper will examine the intercultural link between Islam and the West through the notion of wandering in Abdelwahab Meddeb’s work. The correlation between “errance” and interculturality will be explored under three perspectives taken from Meddeb’s work: autobiography, writing and tasawwuf. The very author personifies interculturality with his dual-genealogy, Arab-Muslim and Western. His two centers are Ibn ‘Arabi and Dante, hence the interest of the autobiographic inscription and the notion of “errance” in his work. This perspective reveals the heterogeneity of this autobiography. Meddeb exhibits the multiple components of his character’s personality and thereby underlines how the essence of identity evokes mixed origins. Identity is not qualified as monolithic but rather as becoming and moving. The character’s cosmopolite genealogy leads to the inscription of “errance” in the writing process. How does the narrative evolve through linguistic, cultural and religious references? Driven by his dual-genealogy, the narrator draws his writing material from his different senses of belonging and references. For instance, the character’s porous identity enables us to analyze the evocation of wine at the standpoint of mystic Sufism. A reading of Islam and Sufism will finally be offered in relation with “errance”. Precise examples taken from Meddeb’s work as well as texts from Sufism and the Koran demonstrate how “errance” fills the Mahometan religion. From cosmogony to concrete rituals, all seems to converge towards “errance”. Therefore built within and around “errance”, Islam and Sufism seem particularly adapted to the trial of interculturality
Yue, Yue. "Le sujet des souffrances dans la littérature tibétaine sinophone : 1952-2000." Paris, INALCO, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAL0025.
Full textFollowing the annexation of Tibet by China, Tibetan culture was made to experience radical and irreversible changes. The first generation of Tibetan writers to write in Chinese, who were faithful to Mao Zedong's regime and derived inspiration from patterns set by Chinese military literature in Tibet, carefully implemented set political goals: they described the suffering and poverty caused by the old Tibetan regime. But the literary quality and circulation of their works remained limited. From the 1980s onwards, a second-generation of Sino-Tibetan writers emerged. Split between their impassioned attraction to the Maoist ideology and their love of literature, they mainly denounced the suffering caused by colonization. The opening up of the chinese economy, the massive inflow of Western ideas, and the influence of new Chinese literary movements led to their asserting and developing their literary style. These are the different aspects highlighted in this thesis, which attempt to answer the key question: does the new generation of Tibetan writers define a new approach to suffering?
Hum, Christian. "L'Espagne dans la littérature française, 1945-2000 : controverses sur un gâchis historique." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3001.
Full textThe history of Spain is both captivating and stirring. It is a history marked by terror and grandeur, by suffering and hope, which explains the enthusiasm of French writers for this land of Light and dark, of Sol y Sombra. War is deeply embedded in this history ; interwoven in the script a turbulent past in a manner, which gives Spanish History an indisputable specificity in the European context. Spain was at the heart of the first conflicts between the Christian world and that of Islam, she was later the matriarch of colonial expansionism in the Americas and was also at the frontline when the emerging forces of nationalism and revolution during the 20th Century. All these events were marked by repeated tragedy. Nonetheless, French literature - in its varied forms - during the second half of the 20th Century , continued to find Spanish history a source of highly productive inspiration and in the vein of a tradition that goes back to la Chanson de Roland, not least because Spain proved to be an extraordinary archive of both its own and a broader European history. The passion which a great number of writers have for this country have given rise to accounts of its greatness, often with surprising degrees of inspection and new insights beyond those of historians restricted by the necessities of their own disciplinary focus ; the literary tradition in its broader approach avoided the potential limitations of such monodisciplinary boundaries. These literary testimonies have thereby made all the more possible a finer understanding of a Spanish past. Among these works emerged a generation of dynamic " Hispano-French " writers, evoking their Spanishness through our language. French served to build bridges between the two previously tormented nations. In a Europe turned towards union, here is an exemplary success story marked sometimes by irony at other times by cruelty but always by a fond appreciation of the history of one of the most glorious of European nations
Kadib, Abdou. "L'époque des quatre premiers califes dans l'historiographie francophone entre la fin du XIXe siècle et le début du XXIe siècle." Thesis, Nantes Université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NANU2007.
Full textThe era of the first four caliphs is a founding era in the history of Islam. According to Muslim sources, it was during this period that the Caliphian institution was born, that Arabia really submitted to Islam, that Islam left its territories, that the Koran was collected in a Muṣḥaf, that the first divisions within Islam took place. This period has caused much ink to flow among researchers in the East and in the West. We limit ourselves here to studying it in francophone historiography. We aimed in this research to analyze the way in which was written, by francophone researchers, the history of the first caliphs and the way in which these researchers exposed the circumstances in which the religion of Islam was born. We examine the sources on which they base their writing of the first times of Islam, the methods and the sources of the sources of the francophone researchers
Filakota, Richard. "Les associations islamiques et le courant réformiste sunnite au sud du Sahara à la fin du XXe (1980-2000) : le cas du Centrafique." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE5034.
Full textAt the end of the twentieth century, Islamic organisations / associations with national and transnational aims emerged among the traditional religions of sub-Saharan Africa and in the Central African Republic in particular. In light of a weakened confreric Islam and the profound transformations facing the continent, the organisations appear increasingly as a movement of revitalisation, religious resistance, liberation for the individual and the community, an assertion of a cultural and religious identity and increasing participation in public life. Their successful expansion relief on several means of re-islamisation such as communitarism, humanitarian aid, social mobility for example. This thesis aims at presenting this Islamic association movement which fits neither with radical Islam nor confreric Islam
Madinier, Rémy. "L'urne, l'étoile et le croissant : le Masjumi (1945-1960) : un parti démocrate musulman dans l'Indonésie contemporaine." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/madinier_r.
Full textBorn in 1945 in Jakarta, the Masjumi was probably the biggest muslim party in the whole islamic associations of Indonesia. It was a very important actor during the 1945-1960 period (called the physical Revolution), then was the first governmrnt party during 1950-1955 period, when the independance of the country was secured. But the unity of the party was damaged by two scissions, in 1947 with the PSII and in 1952 with the Nahdlatul Ulama. Until 1957, the core of the Masjumi ideology was an attempt to conciliate the practice of western democracy with the values of Islam. But after the elections of 1955 - wich where a big deception for Masjumi - it tends to radicalize its positions. During the debates at the constituante assembly betwen 1957 and 1959, the Masjumi party was the advocate of radical revendications for an islamic state. But during the same time, its leaders took part in a struggle for the safety of democraty against the Soekarno conception of guided democraty. For this very reason, some of them where involved in the PRRI rebellion during the years 1958-1960. In today's Indonesia, The Masjumi party remains as the symbol of the lost unity of political islam, but its inheritage seems to be accaparate by the representants of islamic radicalism
Buresi, Pascal. "Une frontière entre chrétienté et Islam : la région entre Tage et Sierra Morena (fin XIe-milieu XIIIe siècle)." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/buresi_p.
Full textParker, Joshua. "Ecrire son lecteur : L'évolution du narrateur américain et l'emploi de la deuxième personne, 1750-2000." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070011.
Full textThe author's identification oscillates continuously between his characters and his idea of the reader. During the writing process, the traces of this fluctuating identification are inscribed in the text. This dissertation studies the effects of these traces on the reader's identification during the reading process, talking up the idea of Philippe Lejeune, for whom second person can help an author put in own experiences at distance in order to write them as a work of fiction. Yet while second person can help an autor to separate himself psychologycally from a fictional character, it can at the same time help a reader to identify with the character. This dissertation explains how “you” serves as a transition marker between the narrator and the “I” actor, different points of view of fictional characters, the narrator and a focalizing third person character. The relationship between the narrator and the narratee evolves over the course of the text. This dissertation explains this process from a syntactic standpoint
Perret, Laetitia. "Montesquieu au miroir de l'enseignement : rhétorique, histoire littéraire, littérature (1803-2000)." Lyon, École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSF0055.
Full textMontesquieu offers a particularly rich ground for studies for whoever is interested in the reception of an author in teaching, in his presence in the syllabus and the handbooks of the end of the 18th century, in the way he belongs in the 18th century and in his work, which is difficult to categorize in pre-established categories. An author does not exist by himself in these handbooks. He goes through various filters, which often disfigure him. The first of those filters is the conception of the teaching of litterature. From 1800 to 1880, Montesquieu is above all a model of writing. From 1880 to 1980, he is studied according to his more or less great adequacy with the movement of The Enlightenment, and from 1980 on, the study of the speech is added to this aspect. But an author is also read through another filter which is the conception the handbooks have of the 18th century, analyzed comparatively with the 17th century. This conception makes the 18th century a one of a kind charachter endowed with strong characteristics so that authors are analyzed according to their representativeness. Montesquieu is read both like the continuator of traditional aesthetics and like the foreteller of the writing of The Enlightenment, through his biography more than through his writings. As a consequence, the work as such is not the starting point of handbooks analysis, but the resultant of these various filters. Montesquieu's works are thus analysed starting from the more general speech on the novel kind, the historical kind, and the literature of the 18th century, which would stick to less literary, more social, political and scientific issues
Gabion, Denhez Caroline. "Les danses macabres et leurs métamorphoses (1830-1930)." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/gabion_c.
Full textMelnikova, Oxana. "La représentation de l’Orient musulman dans la littérature russe du XVIIIe et du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP042.
Full textGeographically, Russia borders on the Muslim lands. These regions, with the various Muslim populations, were identified by the Russians, as the Muslim Orient and played an important role for Russia. The Russian literature is the witness. In order to analyze the representation of this Muslim Orient, the image of the Muslim and the various types of Islam in the works of Russian writers, we examined, in the first part of our study, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, the birth of Russian literature and the construction of the image of the Muslim Orient. In the second part of our study, we have tried to follow the development of the image of the Muslim Orient in the nineteenth century which is marked by the conquest of Russian Empire of the Caucasus and Central Asia
Jaouik, Moulay-Badreddine. "L'Islam et les Lumières françaises, 1624-1789." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL037.
Full textThis thesis of 994 pages aims at analysing the place of knowledge about Islam and Muhammed in the whole French works in the 17th and 18th century literary world ? It endeavours to show exactly the pray a real "golden age of information about Islam" will emerge in the late 17th century. This was a genuine moment of the Enlightenment, a period when the authors will henceforth favour the Muslim sources to write about Islam. Thus by becoming a subject of knowledge, Islam and Muhammad inspire political, philosophical and religious thoughts and the history and the present of Muslims with a feeling of deep respect. The texts relating to Muhammed, the Kuran, theology and the numerous critical assays are hence published on a new model which breaks with the hostile and controversial tradition related to the approach of Islam and its promoter and reduced by apologetics to their religious dimension, a tradition which will not be abandoned but which will take a renewed form all through the18th century to lead to a radically condemnation of the Muslin world and authors who were supposed to be panegyrist relatively unscrupulous of science. Studying this controversial tradition through its view, its transformation, detecting the moment from whish the premises of a real change in the view of Islam start to emerge showing who the precursors and their continuators are, the methods of research what they use and when exactly "this golden age" tend to fall, explaining the reasons, those are the issues in the study focused on a corpus of almost 250 various books, and which is meant to be a contibution to the history of ideas
Cruse, Philippine. "Pour une écriture trans-moderne : parallèles entre littérature française et arts plastiques depuis 1980." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040015.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation is to examine has the will to investigate French contemporary literature and its connections to art. We chose to study four French contemporary writers : Sylvie Germain, Pascal Quignard, Jean Echenoz et Jean Philippe Toussaint. The choice of novels from the last twenty years is motivated by the need to underline new propositions, symptomatic of a mutation in the literature field. Too many people speak about this period as a time of crisis. We are proposing new perspectives. Concerning our particular choice of those authors, all have personal relations with the image that we wish to analyse. The relations between a text and an image are difficult to analyse because there are as different as fundamentally linked. If the text makes sense, the image gives appearance. However, writing also means making an inscription and continuing the gesture. This anlysis offers a methodology to study a text in literature, motivated by an aesthetical interrogation and based upon a thematic approach. What seems for us interesting in this thesis is that we are asking questions about the contemporary literature with an aesthetical perspective. This analysis wants to underline relations between the text and the image in order to describe two tendencies in contemporary literature : one which makes the report of a disenchanted world and another that tends toward an ideal. Through all this work, our wish is to show how images give keys to the analysis of a text. As a conclusion, this thesis wants testify how relations between art and literature can be creative
Laakili, Myriam. "Se convertir à l’islam en France aujourd’hui : entre cheminements individuels et appartenances communautaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0043.
Full textBecoming a Muslim in France means joining a group of believers usually designated by the term “community” which struggles to describe its often fragmentary and diverse nature. The convert himself has to confront to these contradictions: he is exposed to the representations of a community supposedly homogeneous and to the preconceptions built through ‘‘common sense”, but also with the objective and plural reality unveiled. Like any kind of converts, those who join Islam are subject to a conflict of loyalty and legitimacy. The recent events, especially those related to the rise in recent years of the militarized jihadism represented by Daesh, which effects have reached as far as France, have constantly been under public and mediatic attention and place the convert in a position of uneasiness (Roy, 2016). The conversion to Islam is thus an object of study and debate often passionate and crossed by contradictions. Our research argues an approach of religious conversion in terms of processes, analyzing the life trajectories of converts, defining a "before" and an "after" in order to make visible the complex articulation between the converts and their environment, between the private and the public sphere. We describe a quest that leads to conversion, trying to grasp the initiation to Islam by the convert, but also the initiation to the religious and social practices that turn their choice into facts. On another hand, we analyze how a convert ends up belonging to the community through different modes of socialization, in connection with the chosen religious group. Finally, we study the rhetoric of the converts which aims at strengthening the legitimacy of the act of conversion
Zarrou, Mohamed. "Les thèmes religieux et les réminiscences coraniques chez les poètes de l'ancien islam et les poètes kharijites." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040207.
Full textHow important was the influence of islamic religion over arabic poetry? our investigation allowed us to remark that the poetry in early islam was inspired by two cultures: one is secular and passed on by preislamic predecessors, the other is religious and promulgated by a new religion: islam, which established a breack with the former. This proceed, we considered it as a factor which contributed to the destabilisation of tastes, and to the annihilation of poetictalents. This establishment applies particularly to the poets of the period of the passage from the preislamic era to the islamic era. We waited for more promissing conjunctures to remark that poets were inspired by a unique origin: islam, particularly by coran. This would appear with the birth of politico-religious partis in the islamic society, especially the kharijit parti which passed on to us a poetic work (different from classic arabic poetry) worthy of the term "islamic". It relates a religious exaltation. The coranic reminiscences abound, and this is because the authors were great readers of the coran, and this exerced an unconscious action on the styles and the substances
Ibrahim, Ahmed. "La notion de pouvoir en Afrique noire francophone (le cas des Comores de 1886 à 2000)." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082272.
Full textThe subject of our thesis in Educational Sciences is called " the notion of power in French-speakin black Africa (the case of Comoro Islands from 1885 to 2000) ". The problem of the notion of power and its implications is by no means recent, not only in black Africa but also in the universal field. A fortiori the notion of power still remains, for the whole world, one of the first " states " which determine its daily survival. Working on the notion of power, essentially in French-speaking black Africa, mainly in the Comoro Islands, provides us with a great scientific interest in our modern era. In other respects, the corpus of our subject deals with four main lines of the notion of power. Thus it is necessary for us to analyze them and descibe them scientifically in their " Facts "- the are : - the traditional power of the autochtonous Comorian Society ; - the islamic sunnite, karidjite, wahhabite and chiite power in the Comores Islands ; - the colonial power in the Comoro Islands ; - and the power of the State in French-speaking black Africa. It's around those four forms of power that will work
Ntsobe, Amah Marie-Pascale. "La médiatisation de la littérature africaine en France et en Afrique de 1960 à 2000 : une étude socio-descriptive." Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0276.pdf.
Full textThe media and literature, from time immemorial, appear to be inextricably linked. So do we also take delight in underlining the complementary and interdependence of the two fields that develop and gain ground together. We speak of African literature, it will be proper to say that its emergence and engraving the media and especially in the press are very recent facts, in a given period, African fiction comes up, with dazzling speed in the press in France as well as in Africa ? Presenting the problem of the African literature media coverage in France and in Africa in this way as a main hypothesis, this thesis sets out to clear up the links between the media, especially the press and African fiction. This work comprises three major parts : The first has to do with the genesis and development of the media and African Literature. The second part of this work examines the criteria of media coverage of African Literature. It is a study of reception of the African literary fact in the media in France as well as in Africa. “The media, writers and authorial function” is the title of the third part. It shows on the basis of studies in the field of sociology applied to literature, the work of art has some links with social structures
Viviescas, Víctor. "Représentation de l'individu dans le théâtre colombien moderne 1950-2000." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030009.
Full textThis thesis carries out an investigation on the modern Colombian writing during the second part of the XX century, around the concept known as "the individual's representation. " Primarily we had investigated three aspects of the contemporary writing context, which are the crisis of drama, the crisis of the representation and the crisis of the individual. This triple crisis creates the context in which the dramaturgy we are about to study is borned and developed. The colombian modern theatre takes its source from the drama crisis and arrives at the end of the XX century, to the experimentation of the postdramatic and post representation writing in the context created by the simultaneous presence of three alternative concepts which are: the hybridization in the dramatic way and the experimentation of the fragment like form; the overflow and the setting in crisis of the representation that is experienced as simulation ; and the individual's explosion and its representation of broken fragments through the theatrical character
Vieira, Marie Isabelle. "Regards croisés francophones et portugais : images des Portugais dans la littérature romanesque contemporaine (1950-2000)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100058.
Full textThis study in the field of literary imagology investigates the representations of the Portuguese both in French and Portuguese narratives, from 1950 to 2000. By the end of the 70s, Portuguese have become the most important foreign community in France. We analyze the speeches and the images conveyed by human and social sciences, but also by the Portuguese propaganda agencies and various guides intended for foreigners. Thus, we try to define the main aspects of the Portuguese imaginary identity and to shed light on the myths that are related to it. It appears that some images issued by Salazar and his ideologues have survived until today. They have been conveyed by writers who were admirers of the dictator and who developed certain topics, often related to the history of Portugal. But, after the “Revolution of the carnations”, the literary figures of the Portuguese become less conventional. Fiction concentrates on families and young people stemming from the immigration, who are often presented as dominated or eccentric figures. A few writers have preferred to write about their wanderings in Lisbon, daydreaming without ever meeting “real” Portuguese. In Portugal, the censorship silenced the authors who resisted the dictatorship. In order to be published, works had to harp on the ideology of the Portuguese adventurer or to evoke the failure of emigration (such an image was supposed to prevent Portuguese from leaving their country). With the advent of democracy, political exile and emigration, two topics that were previously held in contempt, became important Portuguese literary themes. The authors have tended to question their identity as well as the meaning of the return to their native country. Ultimately, it appears that the two literatures intersected very rarely, as the low number of translations would show
Akaïchi, Mourida. "Quête et théâtralité à travers les romans de Mohammed Dib et Gassan Kanafani." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/akaichi_m_notice.
Full textThe works of Mohammed Dib and Gassan kanafani employ different kinds of artistic search as to objects, space, identity, emancipation. . . To translate the sense. This multiple search goes in line with theatrality which embodies representative and dramaturgical aspects of the novels. This study is an attempt to show how these appear and meet in the two writers' works
Leclaire-Halté, Anne. "Les robinsonnades en littérature de jeunesse contemporaine : genre et valeurs." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Leclaire_Halte.Anne.LMZ0004.pdf.
Full textBuresi, Pascal Guichard Pierre. "Une frontière entre chrétienté et Islam la région entre Tage et Sierra Morena (fin XIe-milieu XIIIe siècle) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/buresi_p.
Full textPiat, Emilie. "L’humour dans la poésie féminine britannique contemporaine (1945-2000) : stratégies et figures." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA046.
Full textThe only consensus around the question of contemporary women poetry is that of its diversity: the themes and forms of the poems written by women are almost as varied as the origins of the poets themselves. Diversity is also one of the aspects underlined by most of the publications on the subject of humour. The term applies to so many phenomena that it is virtually impossible to reduce it to a final definition. Yet it is precisely because humour is so difficult to define that it constitutes a particularly appropriate prism to approach contemporary women poetry. Humour is by essence “transgender”. It subverts social order as well as instances of real or symbolical power, and challenges sexual and generic identities. Unsurprisingly, women poets have seen it as a choice weapon to attack received opinions and stereotypes, especially when those aim at defining femininity. Humour should therefore be considered as a form of writing, or rather a set of forms, expressing a specific positioning and operating on the level of enunciation, reception, rhetoric and prosody. This posture, which can be interpreted as irreverence, incongruity or difference, testifies of the complex ties women have established with the poetic tradition. But to do so, women have also developed strategies which enable them to explore common knowledge and accepted truths, and thus redefine the contours of contemporary poetry
Roblin, Catherine. "La littérature pour violoncelle seul au XXème siècle : entre tradition et modernité." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/roblin_c.
Full textBathily, Arona. "L'invention du multipartisme au Sénégal : (1974-2000)." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10016.
Full textPolitical pluralism remains an important item of the political evolution in Senegal. This study aims at questioning the reality of the multiparty system, by paying special attention to the social and political environment of this unprecedented experience. What are the factors, actors and appropriate contingencies at stake in such an evolution? Throughout a depiction of the relationships between the then governing socialist party and the opposition parties, between the latter and the spiritual chief families, the civil society, the private press, labor unions and student movements we tried to bring into light the process of the invention of the multiparty system in Senegal. This neo-institutional and strategic approach of our object allows us to show that political pluralism has been deterred from its main goal. Therefore, in order to explain the gap between the status of democratic reference of Senegal in Africa and the endless underground tricks, we chose stress the informal side of its political pluralism. This situation indeed enabled us to understand the various paths taken by this system. It seems today that a superficial multiparty system in its beginnings can find internal resources allowing it to change governments by way of ballot boxes without actually guaranteeing a genuine democratic society. If the organization of the political competition inevitably rests on political parties, it would never ever be optimal without the actual involvement of institutions whose main objective is to ensure that the interests of all fringes of the society are equally defended
Actis-Grosso, Maurice. "Giorgio Bassani entre histoire et mémoire : passion commémorative et maturité conflictuelle." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040018.
Full textGenerated by the deep impact of the Shoah or genocide, the Jewish contemporary Italian writer Giorgio Bassani’s works, known under the titles of Il romanzo di Ferrara ( narrative production ) and In rima e senza ( poetical production ), are the point of elaboration of a memorial saga in which history and memory, autobiography and historical inspiration balance. The search of significant indications of a character and psychological individual evolution is made through fantasmatical partial autobiographical projections on screen-protagonists who become progressively hypostatical to the explicit identification of the narrator and the author, confirmed by the autobiographical pact. The macrocosmic nazi-fascist antisemitic persecution outlook, centered on the microcosmic prism of the Jewish community of Ferrara, divulges the narrator-author's evolution towards a maturity in fact conflictual. The commemorative passion of the tragedy of the holocaust ends in the dawn of a shrouded Jewish identity that correspond to a stopped chronology at the level of the author's literary consciousness. Out of the prospect of the Shoah, this creative cycle concludes with an involution
Ouerhani, Nejib. "Espaces et exils dans la littérature maghrébine de langue française." Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE39036.
Full textIn the first part entitled "spaces of the maghreb", we saw how the french-speaking writers, form the maghreb succeed in writing and building up their relationship with their space of origin. In the second part of our work, devoted to the "spaces of writing", we came to the conclusion that there are some similarities or some differences in the space-writing techniques peculiar to each of the authors studied here. In the third part, "today's imaginary world of islam : from the original mythical exile to today's real exile", we first evoked mahomet's exile. Then, we tried to check wether the prophet's exile, which was the foundation of the kingdom of islam, was still promising for the north africans, "candidates for exile", or if, on the contrary, it went off along with tear and wound. In our fourth and last part, "exiles and the french-speaking literature from the maghreb", we attempted to study the link to the french language for writers from the maghreb. Then we dedicated ourselves to the study of the place of the french-speaking literature from the maghreb within the arab and french literatures. Finally, we looked into the concept of exile for north african writers
Robert, Brigitte. "Espaces et identités dans le roman féminin centre-américain contemporain (1980-2000)." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT5020.
Full textSantini, Benoît. "Le discours poétique de Raúl Zurita : entre silence et engagement manifeste dans le Chili des années 1975-2000." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10046.
Full textLANGILLE, EDWARD-MURDO. "La representation de l'islam et du monde musulman chez guillaume de tyr." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030083.
Full textAnalysis of the presence of muslims and of islamic culture in the thirteenth century french translation of the history of deeds done beyond the sea by william, archbishop of tyre. Chronological structure of the work, latin sources and historians use of them. Arab sources and their importance. Works derived from arabic. Muslims, arabs, turks, kurdes, persians, nubians, egyptians, maures, physical and moral portrait of muslims, men and women. Violence, cruelty and chivallry. Christendom's assumed title of the holy land. Knowledge of islam, religion, sects, heretical muslims, exotism as a literary theme. Facination with the orient. Evidence of cultural contacts between latins and muslims
Moheb, Ali Absalan. "La portée des contes persans d'intention mystique dans les textes mystiques des Ve-XIe et VIe-XIIe siècles." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5005.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate and recoganize mystical narratives and the art of such a narration, in particular we concentrate on the importance of this kind of narration during 5th and 6th centuries. According to our proposal about mystical narration. It seems indispensable to study different historical conditions which were related to the authors’ behavior. Indeed, our sole concern, when conducting the study of those periods, is to recall exact situations of the mystical works in Persian language, as completely as possible. At the same time, it is an occasion to specify several points:both the evolution and spread of the tales on a long period. As well, we establish conditions of the revival of Persian narrations that had been started since 5th century by the mystical sense. A long and patient examination of mystical works of 5th and 6th century clearly shows that the authors’ ambition had not been only to compose these works, but also to make them didactic and meaningful tools in the guise of tales. The minute study of the narratives, which constitutes the pedagogical and educative part of those mystical works, shows that their authors were indeed ideologists who knew the social, cultural and political conditions of their time and on the base of this knowledge they entailed decisive transformations in the construction of tales at that time. Narration as it was practiced during the two mentioned centuries is an inheritance from two different currents. On one side, a Pre-Islamic current in which, the Iranian society was immersed by its own legends and narratives; and on the other hand, Islam and Koranic spirituality inspiring a new soul to the universe of narratives. The creation of the narratives of 5th and 6th centuries consists of a particular language, fixed goals, and distinctive specificities. To weight up the fundamental transformations, it is enough to compare their specificities by those of previous centuries’ narratives. In this thesis, once we end the discussion on the above mentioned points. We proceed to classify and statistically analyze two thousand five hundred and eighty-nine narratives that were ascertained in the used references. This particular reasoning mainly allows collecting more different precise and clearer information about narrative. This study is based on the statistical graphs of each of those mystical works and the results are obtained by comparison. After having examined and studied those graphs, it is easier to understand purposes which those mystical works’ writers really strove to demonstrate. This thesis is divided into three parts: In part one, we first recall the social, cultural and political properties of the 5th and 6th centuries. Then we analyze fifteen works of nine works of mystical narrations. The chief concern will be the genesis of each of the narratives going along with each mystical work. This part especially contributed a better explanation of those narratives on the inner side, as it underlines a close link between the narratives and the mystical thought of these seekers for the absolute. The second part deal with narrative and narration. After we study their respective role in Islam and Iran, we broach to define mystical narrative and mystical language according to the mystical writers of those two centuries and of the language that marked them. This will be followed by considerations on the purpose –or particularity- of those different narratives as well as the Koranic style of the narration. A recapitulative classification of the elements and characters will be found at the end of this part just before a statistical plan and the representation of the graphs of the narratives of each presented work. The main issue is to enumerate the narratives of each category. The third part is entirely devoted to the analysis and study of the results drawn from the statistics and graphs. Indeed, to give a better proof for the reasons of the narratives and to show the importance of a very particular narrative category in these works, it is necessary to notice to the historical transformations of Sufism. Finally, we explain and illustrate three special styles of mystical narratives
Le, Moigne Claire. "Texte, paratexte et intertexte : le cas du roman policier italien des années 2000." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100119.
Full textThe growing popularity of detective fiction on the Italian literary scene brings up the question of the renewal and the identity of a very diverse production. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, the phenomenon of genre contamination and the influence of technological or scientific progress co-exist with traditional elements such as the crime and the investigation. The tension between the need to innovate and the demand for readability determine the horizon of expectation of the reader. The reader's uncertainties are integrated with the different elements Chat extend the communication around the narratives and that form the paratext. These elements situated on the periphery of the text make it easier to grasp the evolution of a genre as they bring together the creative processes, issues related to description, and critical discourses. Likewise, they make it possible to bring into relation fiction and the referential world of the reader. Putting such a process into perspective also entails the intensification of intertextual practices. Thus, citations and allusions abound in a fictional universe characterized by its self-reflexive dimension. It is a matter of increasing the combinatorial potential of the work, independently of the resolution of the criminal plot, by means of embedded texts and the mise en abyme of writing. The quest for a cause that is the responsibility of the heroes of the stories of Marcello Fois, Carlo Lucarelli, Loriano Macchiavelli, Andrea Camilleri, Massimo Carlotto or Giorgio Todde, helps to situate a new the personality of the author at the centre of a network of factual and literary knowledge that constitutes a polymorphic referent
Cello, Serena. "La "littérature des banlieues" : quel engagement contemporain ?" Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2022.
Full textIn the course of the last 30 years, the word banlieue has evoked the territorial movement of a social problem as the historical expert of the Parisian suburbs, Annie Fourcaut, substantiates. The banlieue which have been much in vogue in the mass media and political debates especially since the first 1990 mass media covered urban disorders, up to the more violent ones in 2005, are to be understood as sensitive working-class areas. During the past few decades the latter seem to gather around each other and, above all, around the juveniles who inhabit them in the most oddly assorted and detrimental situations : abject social/economic poverty, residential segregation, urban decay as well as violence and delinquency. As the years have gone by, the rhetoric and the representation of those sites has become the expression of a disadvantage that the specialists call: “epicentre of the contemporary social problem”. This work of thesis deals with these current events. It sets its objective as contemplation on the contemporary literary representation of these places. Indeed, the delicate and marginal situations of banlieue during the recent urban riots, are the essential conditions that have favoured the production of an emerging literatur classified by critics as the "banlieue literature" of "cités" or urban areas"
Negli ultimi trent’anni la parola banlieue evoca la trasposizione territoriale di una questione sociale come evidenzia la storica esperta della periferia parigina Annie Fourcaut. In voga nei dibattiti mediatici e politici, in particolare dopo i primi moti urbani conosciuti attraverso le reti d’informazione negli anni 1990 fino ad arrivare alle sommosse del 2005, le banlieue intese come quartieri popolari “sensibili”, sembrano attirare attorno ad esse e soprattutto attorno alla gioventù che vi ci abita, le situazioni più diverse e negative: pauperizzazione socio/economica, segregazione residenziale, degrado urbano nonché violenza e delinquenza. Con il passare degli anni, la retorica e le rappresentazioni legate a questi luoghi sono diventati l’espressione di un malessere riconosciuto dagli specialisti come “epicentro del problema sociale contemporaneo”. Il presente lavoro di tesi s'inserisce in tale contesto d'attualità politica e sociale; Esso si pone come obietivo la riflessione sulla rappresentazione lettaria contemporeana di questi huoghi al margine e marginalizzati. In effetti, la situazione delicata delle periferie urbane durante le recenti rivolte, costituirebbero il contesto determinante che ha favorito la produzione di una letteratura emergente classificata dalla critica francese come "letteratura della banlieue" delle "cites" o "urbana"
Vieira, Marie-Isabelle. "Regards croisés francophones et portugais : les images des Portugais dans la littérature romanesque contemporaine (1950-2000)." Doctoral thesis, Université de Paris-Ouest Nanterre la Défense e Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7418.
Full textDepuis la Révolution des oeillets, le Portugal et la France n‟ont cessé de publier de nombreux ouvrages visant à une meilleure connaissance du monde portugais1. La publication des guides de voyage a explosé, les éditeurs se sont spécialisés dans la littérature portugaise, mais connaît-on mieux le Portugal et les Portugais ? Les discours sur les Portugais sont-ils si différents aujourd‟hui de ceux distillés sous Salazar ? L‟Europe du Sud a maintenant rejoint l‟Europe des pays riches, alors qu‟elle a longtemps été assimilée à la pauvreté, que ce soit l‟Espagne, le Portugal ou bien la Grèce. Cette perception s‟est accentuée avec la migration des personnes. Les habitants du Sud traversaient la frontière pour une vie meilleure, le plus souvent clandestinement, comme ce fut le cas pour les Portugais. Si la mobilité touristique est caractérisée par un axe Nord/Sud, la mobilité migrante s‟opère selon un axe Sud/Nord. C‟est dans une perspective de mobilité que nous allons examiner un corpus d‟une centaine d‟oeuvres littéraires, auxquelles nous avons ajouté des témoignages et des livres de référence. En effet, les Portugais ont fait l‟objet d‟études sociologiques, historiques, statistiques, mais peu de chercheurs se sont intéressés à l‟histoire de leurs représentations dans la littérature contemporaine et en particulier dans le genre romanesque, qui traduit mieux que tout autre l‟intériorisation par un individu de son histoire et de l‟Histoire.
Charles, Cécilia. "Permanences et renouvellements : l'oeuvre romanesque d'Anne Hebert : thèse." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2030.
Full textMarcheix, Daniel. "Temps et identité dans l'oeuvre romanesque d'Anne Hébert." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30007.
Full textAlmeida, Amakoe d'. "Le référentiel dans la littérature pour enfants en Afrique noire francophone 1990-2000." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040021.
Full textOur research can be divided into three parts whose common purpose is to define the weight of liteature for children as a whole, and especially of african child literature. The opening part called "Analytical approach to literature for children "sets out to show the beginnings of that particular litérature, through a diachronic analysis. Such a literature has its roots rased in oral sources (folhlore), identification criteria with the problems thus raised regarding literature and finally the present dimension of this literature in back french-speaking Africa. The second part has been devoted to the theme of the referential which had led us to demonstrate the philosophy which lies under the writing of these texts. Thus in the third part we have been induced to state that, along with the different aspects of the referential, books actually open out on to the blackafricanworld. Those are real spaces of initiation the African young reader will enter so as to get a better understanding of the world around him and in order to achieve his integration
Gerfaud, Jean-Pierre, and Jean-Paul Tourrel. "Pour une lecture anthropologique de l'oeuvre littéraire : application au Roi pêcheur de Julien Gracq." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/gerfaud-tourrel.
Full textThe literary work is a complex anthropological and cultural reality requiring an anthropological reading which itself is complex. Such a redefinition of the very nature of the knowledge concerning this cultural production modifies the very nature of its transmission. With the anthropological reading of the literary work, and provided one controls and goes beyond the multiple textual approaches suggested by the contemporary critic thanks to a complex approach, the model of which is the one of the cultural anthropology, the high school teacher has at his disposal a method which allows him to define his own knowledge in an epistemological way and the conditions of its transmission to the apprentice-reader represented by his student. In this particular outlook, the reading of the literary work and the training of such a reading become, in turn, anthropological and cultural acts and develop a progressive consciousness of the young reader towards his own culture as well as other cultures. Such consequences or such elements at stake can also be called rationality, hermeneutic view, representation of the world, questions about the meaning, religious dimensions of culture, citizenship, cultural alterity. The aim of the present thesis is not only to theorize about the literary fact and its teaching, but also to suggest , thanks to the experience of teachers and trainers, a pedagogical and educational set-up in the form of segmented and progressive training scheme. Thus, as regards the high school student, the appropriation of the different steps in the anthropological reading of the literary work, and the conscious and autonomous development of his own culture will be facilitated
Al, Saba Nasir. "Les données politiques et symboliques du régime syrien." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090012.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis which is devoted to the role and political strength and power of the army, we shall study in turn various main political parties, wether in power or in the opposition, social organizations, and look into the various forms of political power. Through the study of the evolution of the army and its political role we shall discuss one of the principal problem of third world countries, that of the army and the practice of the coup d'Etat, principally the coup of 1970 involving President Assad and then look into the symbolic economic policies. The second part will deal with the study of fundamental ideas with a stress on anthropology and the community. We shall first see the case of minorities and the phenomenon of authoritarianism, discussing the problem of the "alaouites" and of the legitimacy of minorities, as well as the state of dictatorship in the Syrian society. We shall then try and understand the increasing impact of secularity on the muslim society, the various aspects of the Arabic identity and the relationship between the political discourse or ideology and authoritarianism. Finally we shall devote the third part of this thesis to the study of the relationship between politics, religion and symbolism examining in turn aspects of the ideology and communication in the theoretical and political discourse, before looking at the present aspects and situation of the regime