Dissertations / Theses: 'Islam Economic aspects Indonesia'

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Ghanem, Mohamed. "The Islamic concept of money and its financial implications." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683373.

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Zain, Rinduan. "Ethnicity and access to economic and governmental resources in Indonesia." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19703.

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Against the background of Indonesia's ethnic resurgence and social cleavage in the wake of the fall of Soeharto regime in mid-1998, this thesis seeks to identify the factors that have led to a particular incidence of this discord: the perceived inequity in access to economic and governmental resources, i.e., access to jobs in the public sector and to public health services. Taking modernization theory as its framework, the thesis compares the ascribed factor, i.e., Javanese or non-Javanese ethnicity, and certain other factors, i.e., level of education, region of origin and place of residence (urban or rural area) and evaluates the resulting data. The thesis argues that respondents who have a high level of education, live in a region closest to a national center and reside in an urban area, which are relatively more exposed to modernization, are better off in terms of access to economic and governmental resources regardless of their ethnic membership.

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Zaheer, Khalid. "An enquiry into the basic concept of banking as perceived by the spirit of Islamic economic justice." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683106.

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Hatta, Mohammad Firdaus Mohammad. "The compliancy and effectiveness of Islamic debt financing in the Malaysian economy from the perspective of ancient and contemporary literature." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683029.

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Khairan, Ab Razak bin Mohd. "The influence of Islam in the military: comparative study of Malaysia, Indonesia and Pakistan." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1663.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
Islam permeated throughout the military institutions of Malaysia, Pakistan and Indonesia and replaced the Western and foreign military cultures the military had inherited due to society becoming Islamized following the revival of Islam. The implementation of true Islamic model practices and values differ slightly from country to country depending first on the level of piousness of its existing military personnel, new personnel input and the military leadership. The second factor is the degree of motivational drive of the head of state in encouraging Islam. Islamized military institutions are also faced with the challenges created as a result of sects and schools that emerge in the form of Islamic parties and extremist groups. The argument will be that Islamic teachings in military affairs can result in peace, solidarity and solve the Civil-Military Relations (CMR) problems. In the final analysis, guided moderate Islamic influence' bring harmony to CMR in Malaysia, while the uncoordinated influence of Islam in the Indonesian military made the CMR problematic. It is different in Pakistan because the strong influence of Islam has encouraged the generals to wrest political power from civilians.
Lieutenant Colonel, Royal Malaysian Air Force

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Mapara, Shahina H. "A critical examination of the ethics and methodology of Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi's Islamic economics /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30188.

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While much attention has been given to the abolition of interest in Islamic economics, there has been little attention given to the ethical framework on which it is based. Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi in Islam, Economics and Society (1994), presents an axiomatic approach to generating an Islamic economic theory from the ground up. Chapter one considers Naqvi's argument for a distinct Islamic economic system. Chapter two examines Naqvi's theoretical framework and the Islamic economic system which he derives from it. The chapter compares Naqvi's approach with that of M. Umer Chapra, who also adopts an ethical framework for the foundation of an Islamic economic theory. Chapter three examines the debate surrounding the definition of riba and the importance of riba in Islamic economics. This study concludes with a recommendation for a more systematic approach in interpreting the Qur'an, which is the source of Naqvi's economic axioms.

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Sitompul, Rislima Febriani Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Energy-related CO2 emissions in the Indonesian manufacturing sector." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30434.

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This study is aimed at developing policies for energy efficiency by observing the past changes of energy use in Indonesia???s manufacturing sector over the period 1980???2000, and to investigate mitigation options for energy-related CO2 emissions in the sector. The first part of the study uses decomposition analysis to assess the effect of the changes in energy consumption and the level of CO2 emissions, while the second part investigates energy efficiency improvement strategies and the use of economic instruments to mitigate CO2 emissions in the manufacturing sector. Economic activity was the dominant factor in increasing energy consumption over the whole period of analysis, followed by the energy intensity effect and then the structural effect. The increase in aggregate energy intensity over the period 1980-2000 was mainly driven by the energy intensity effect. In turn, the technical effect was the dominant contributor to changes in energy intensity effect, with the fuel-mix effect being of lesser importance. Changes in CO2 emissions were dominated by economic activity and structural change. Sub-sectors that would benefit from fuel switching and energy efficiency improvements are the textile, paper, and non-metal sub-sectors. Three main options for reducing CO2 emissions from the manufacturing sector were considered: the imposition of a carbon tax, energy efficiency initiatives, and other mitigation measures. A carbon tax was found to reduce sectoral emissions from the direct use of oil, gas and coal, but increased the demand for electricity. At the practical level, energy efficiency improvements can be implemented by adopting energy efficient technologies that can reduce aggregate energy intensity up to 37.1 per cent from the base-year level, estimated after imposition of a carbon tax at $30 per tonne of carbon. A major priority for energy efficiency improvements was found to be in the textile and the paper and chemical sub-sectors. A mitigation measure such as the Clean Development Mechanisms could be encouraged in order to reduce projected emission levels. The preferred option would be the adoption of energy efficient technologies in the textile, chemical, paper and non-metal sub-sectors.

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Syakhroza, Akhmad. "Influence of politics on the budgeting process : a study of the fertiliser manufacturing industry in Indonesia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1043.

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This study investigates the influence of politics on the budgeting process within the fertiliser manufacturing industry in Indonesia. Prior budgeting studies have focused on one of the following three theoretical frameworks - economic, psychological, and social. This study expands the research corpus by assessing the effect of politics on the budgeting process. The objectives of this study arc: (a) to investigate the effect of politics in the relationship between managerial roles and budgeting process – budgetary participation, budgetary communication, and budgetary control including budgetary monitoring and budgetary evaluation, and (b) to assess the impact of structural and individual power on the budgeting process. The study uses a mixed research methodology survey method supplemented by interviews. The survey questionnaire is adapted from previous studies. The sample for this study consists of four fertiliser-manufacturing enterprises in the state owned sector of Indonesia. The respondents of the survey questionnaire were middle managers responsible for unit budgets in the sample companies. Respondents were asked to rate on a seven-point scale their agreement or disagreement with issues concerning the budgeting process, managerial roles and politics. Survey interviews, based on the questionnaire, were developed for a select group of respondents, consisting of middle and senior managers. The results of the study, both survey questionnaire and interviews, indicate that politics has significant influence on the budgeting process. Further, it showed that the influence appeared different, depending whether structural or individual power is involved. The major implications of this study centre on the strong moderating effect of politics on the relationship between the budgeting process and managerial roles: this seems to be a relevant construct and should be developed further. Hopefully, the study will advance the thinking of scholars in this area and create interest in replicating this method of analysis and validating the findings. The conceptual model should also be applied to the role of politics on the budgeting process in other industries to assess the external validity of the model.

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Rahman, Zaharuddin Abd. "Islamic perspectives of derivatives : an appraisal of options, swaps and the merits of the Shariah compliant alternatives." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683262.

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Muhamad, Nazlida. "Muslim consumers' motivation towards Islam and their cognitive processing of performing taboo behaviors." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Business, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0011.

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Although religion is an important cultural force that shapes consumers' values and norms, the taboo stigma attached to the investigation of religion's influences in marketing areas has limited the knowledge about how religion influences consumers' decision-making. This study explored the affect of Muslim motivation in following Islam in their decision-making process to perform behaviors that are subject to Islamic rulings known as fatwa. Three behaviors that are subject to fatwa declarations; smoking, listening to popular music and buying a Coca Cola soft drink, were chosen. Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behaviors, this study examined: 1) If a Muslim's motivation in following Islam is an effect in their cognitive and behavioral responses regarding the fatwa prohibited behaviors. 2) If Muslim motivation in following Islam is an effect in their decision-making in deciding to whether to perform fatwa prohibited behaviors. Based on a Malaysian university student sample, multiple analyses of variance with covariate's (MANCOVA) results show that a Muslim's motivation in following Islam, his or her gender and their interaction have significant effects in their responses in regards to the behaviors. Muslim males, who are extrinsically motivated towards Islam tended to report a greater intention to smoke, buy a Coca Cola soft drink and tended to report they experienced more social pressure to smoke as compared to others. Nonetheless, SEM analysis found that the sample's responses on items related to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) about buying a Coca Cola soft drink brand did not fit the model. Other unaccounted for factors that may be related to the Muslims' decision-making about the product, such as possible consumer animosity, was not captured in the survey. The samples responses on smoking and listening to popular music provided a good fit to the model proposed. ii This study found that the Muslim respondents' motivation in following Islam had an effect on the role of perceived social pressure in their planning to smoke, and on the role of perceived social pressure in their planning to listen to popular music. Respondents' motivation in following Islam also had an effect on the role of perception of control in their reported smoking and listening to popular music. The intrinsically motivated Muslim consumers tended to be more concerned about others approval in their deciding to smoke and to listen to popular music, than the average extrinsic respondents. The intrinsic Muslim respondents also tended to perceive having incomplete control over smoking and listening to popular music, compared to their extrinsic counterparts. Respondents' attitudes towards smoking and listening to popular music were found to be not relevant in respondents' decision-making to perform the behaviors. This study also found evidence for the effect of type of fatwa prohibition ruling in Muslim respondents' responses and decision-making to perform behaviors in this study. Findings from this study suggest a significant effect of fatwa rulings on products or behaviors, among the sample of young Malaysian Muslim respondents. The findings highlight the needs for marketers to understand nature of fatwa rulings on products, in order to win over Muslim consumers in the marketplace.

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Usman, Abdullah. "Socio-economic factors influencing farmers' adoption of a new technology : the case study on the groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia." Title page, Abstract and Contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09au86.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 146-153. This thesis analyses factors influencing farmers use of groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia. It aims to identify the determinants of the speed of technology adoption, to identify factors affecting the levels of water use and to estimate the state of water use by comparing the actual water use to the estimated optimal water use.

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Glover, Michael Emanuel. "Islamic institutions, the status of women, and economic growth." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33990.

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Within the sample of Muslim-majority countries, the links between how explicitly "Islamic" a society is, the status of women, and economic and other societal outcomes is explored. A country is considered more or less "Islamic" depending upon if Islam is the official state religion, if Islamic law forms a basis for the legal system, and the degree to which the country has rejected or maintained traditional Islamic norms such as regarding the acceptance of polygamy and the legal obligation of women to wear the veil in public. It is found that if a country is more "Islamic," it tends to also have worse outcomes along different dimensions, such as degree of authoritarianism and absence of women's rights. However, focusing exclusively on whether the country has Islamic law as a basis of the legal system, these countries tend to be richer. An extremity index is composed, which contains only variables which describe the status of women in Muslim countries, along educational and legal dimensions. It is found in regressions that this extremity index is a statistically significant predictor of economic growth, where higher extremity leads to lower GDP growth rates. Oil is still an extremely important factor in explaining the variation in GDP levels and growth rates in the Muslim world.

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Prabawani, Bulan. "An exploratory examination of the factors influencing Indonesian SME's sustainability practices in the textile and chemical industries." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/576.

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All firms have an impact on the environment in which they operate, for example in the exploration and processing of environmental resources to make a profit. Manufacturing firms, in particular have the potential to pollute the environment with dangerous liquid and solid wastes. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) make a significant contribution to the global economy in both developing and developed countries. Individually, SMEs appear to have little environmental impact, but accumulatively, they have a considerable impact, not only economically but also environmentally. However, managing environment impact is not usually core business for SMEs. SMEs often suffer from a lack of internal resources and capabilities. For example they can have limited access to credit given their high risk, limited warranty, and lack of managerial experience or track record in managing aspects such as financial, production, and sales data. In terms of environmental issues, SMEs often attract little attention from the media, although government does support environmental management initiatives. Consequently, SME owner managers can be indifferent to, or unable to implement, sustainability practices. Thus, natural resources become objects of exploitation or over exploitation. Although there are many differences in sustainability definitions, all definitions have at their heart the same objective, that is, how today‘s firms‘ needs are fulfilled such that they do not harm the future. This is evident in definition of sustainability in the business field as ―one that creates profits for its shareholders while protecting the environment and improving the lives of those with whom it interacts‖ (Savitz & Weber, 2006, p.x). Thus, the concept of sustainability is not one which is solely orientated to economic aspects or profit, but also to social and natural aspects, in terms of the triple bottom line (TBL) in undertaking business. Indonesian SMEs in the manufacturing industry are a source of significant employment; however, they suffer a range of issues. The Asian Development Bank (2005) reported that industrial waste and pollution in Indonesia is out of control, while regulation and enforcement by government is completely inadequate. Studies have shown Indonesia‘s chemical based manufacturers contribute to air pollution, contamination of water sources, and depletion of groundwater through improper and illegal disposal of solid and hazardous waste. The focus of this thesis is SMEs sustainability: perceived benefits, drivers for and barriers to sustainability. As such this is a study of the natural, social, and economic dimensions that make up the concept of sustainability in relation to Indonesian SMEs. The literature identifies a range of natural, social and economic factors influencing sustainability and these were collated into a model. Eight case studies of SMEs in the Central Java chemical and textile industries were undertaken to refine the measures in the model of sustainability. The overall sustainability of the case study firms was also assessed while hypotheses were constructed as to the relationships between constructs and firms sustainability practices based on firm types and size, as well as industry. A survey of 215 chemical and textile SMEs was then undertaken to test the refined model and develop a final model. The model was developed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) or a measurement model, which included some second order factors for dependent latent variables, and then followed by a structural model which combined each final measurement model. The final model was found to have a high fit (.971 CFI,/df, .041 RMSEA, and .081 RMR) with efficiency as a critical factor influencing sustainability practices. Overall the study found that sustainability practices were not first priority for these SMEs although they were more inclined towards the present interests in the Sustainable Value framework developed by Hart and Milstein (2003). Indonesian SMEs emphasised resource consumption and civil society issues. In terms of the level of sustainability this group of SMEs were found to have moved ‗beyond the level of legal compliance‘ in terms of their sustainability practices. While Hubbard‘s (2009) Sustainability Balanced Scorecard stresses a balance between the economic as well as the natural and social dimensions of sustainability, this balance was not evident for these Indonesian SMEs. The SME owner managers were also more concerned with the social dimension of sustainability and this was at odds with their perception of the government‘s concern being with the natural dimension of sustainability. However moral mandate was evident as a driver for the natural and social dimensions of sustainability as has been found in other studies of SMEs in developed countries such as New Zealand and the Netherland.

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Kubitza, Christoph Alexander [Verfasser], Matin [Akademischer Betreuer] Qaim, Bernhard [Gutachter] Brümmer, Krisztina [Gutachter] Kis-Katos, and Miet [Gutachter] Maertens. "Land-use change and rural development in Indonesia: Economic, institutional and demographic aspects of deforestation and oil palm expansion / Christoph Alexander Kubitza ; Gutachter: Bernhard Brümmer, Krisztina Kis-Katos, Miet Maertens ; Betreuer: Matin Qaim." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160753563/34.

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Kubitza, Christoph Alexander Verfasser], Matin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Qaim, Bernhard [Gutachter] Brümmer, Krisztina [Gutachter] Kis-Katos, and Miet [Gutachter] Maertens. "Land-use change and rural development in Indonesia: Economic, institutional and demographic aspects of deforestation and oil palm expansion / Christoph Alexander Kubitza ; Gutachter: Bernhard Brümmer, Krisztina Kis-Katos, Miet Maertens ; Betreuer: Matin Qaim." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E40D-9-9.

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Sandenbergh, Hercules Alexander. "How religious is Sudan's Religious War?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3470.

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Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2006.
Sudan, Africa’s largest country has been plagued by civil war for more than fifty years. The war broke out before independence in 1956 and the last round of talks ended in a peace agreement early in 2005. The war started as a war between two different religions embedded in different cultures. The Islamic government constitutionalised their religious beliefs and imposed them on the whole country. This triggered heavy reaction from the Christian and animist people in the South. They were not willing to adhere to strict marginalising Islamic laws that created cleavages in society. The Anya-Anya was the first rebel group to violently oppose the government and they fought until the Addis Ababa peace accord that was reached in 1972. After the peace agreement there was relative peace before the government went against the peace agreement and again started enforcing their religious laws on the people in the South. This new wave of Islamisation sparked renewed tension between the North and the south that culminated in Dr John Garang and his SPLM/A restarting the conflict with the government in 1982. This war between the SPLA and the government lasted 22 years and only ended at the beginning of 2005. The significance of this second wave in the conflict is that it coincided with the discovery of oil in the South. Since the discovery of oil the whole focus of the war changed and oil became the centre around which the war revolved. Through this research I intend to look at the significance of oil in the conflict. The research question: how religious is Sudan’ Religious war? asks the question whether resources have become more important than religion.

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Gayatri, Gita. "Re-specifying a service quality instrument to an Islamic perspective." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149955.

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Lessy, Zulkipli. "Philanthropic zakat for empowering Indonesia's poor : a qualitative study of recipient experiences at Rumah Zakat." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4038.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Existing zakat research reports little information about the living conditions of Indonesian zakat recipients. This study examined the perceptions of zakat recipients at Rumah Zakat, a charitable institution, in Yogyakarta. Semi-structured interviews solicited seven economic empowerment and seven socio-health program respondents’ narratives. This data collection method incorporating multiple approaches to data analysis, including phenomenology, revealed that economic empowerment respondents with more education and spousal support could better subsist after utilizing Rumah Zakat’s interest-free loans. And, compared to individual efforts or group support, spousal support helped significantly with business growth. These respondents typically earned incomes above the national standard of poverty. As their businesses grew, four respondents planned to employ the jobless. In the socio-health program, respondents had minimal education and incomes that fell below the national standard of poverty. A Rumah Zakat clinic gave these respondents four to five years of free health care services; it also facilitated collaborative learning. Although the services lowered their expenses, three respondents requested food distribution in addition to health care. Respondents benefiting from both programs reported a significant positive impact on their home economies, health, and social lives. Thus, an integrative program offering assistance with micro-credits, health care, food security, and education would better serve the poor.

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Damar, Alita P. "HIV, AIDS and gender issues in Indonesia : implications for policy : an application of complexity theory." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18691.

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The aim of the study was to offer solutions for the enhancement of Indonesia’s HIV and AIDS policy and to suggest future possibilities. In the process, the gendered nature of the epidemic was explored. In light of the relatively lower rates of employment among Indonesian women, this study also sought to gain insights into the possible reasons for many women appearing to be attached to domesticity. In the first phase of the study, interviews with stakeholders in HIV and AIDS prevention were conducted, followed by a Delphi exercise involving 23 HIV and AIDS experts. In the second phase, 28 women from various ethnicities were interviewed, including those in polygamous and contract marriages. The overall results were interpreted through the lens of complexity theory. Fewer than half of the proposed objectives were approved by the experts in the Delphi round. These were interventions mainly aimed at the risk groups while most objectives relating to education about HIV and AIDS and safer sex for the general public failed to obtain consensus. Reasons for the lack of consensus were differences in perceptions associated with human rights, moral reasoning, the unfeasibility of certain statements and personal conviction about the control of the epidemic. Emphasis on men’s and women’s innate characteristics; men’s role as breadwinner; women’s primary role as wife, mother and educator of their children; and unplanned pregnancies emerged as major themes from the qualitative phase. While the adat and Islam revival movements may have endorsed the ideals of the New Order state ideology, Javanese rituals regarded as violating Islam teachings were abandoned. Ignorance about safer sex and HIV and AIDS was also established. Interpretation of the results through the lens of complexity theory revealed that the national HIV and AIDS policy needs to encompass interventions for the general population, which would include comprehensive sex education in schools and media campaigns focusing on women. It was found that women’s vulnerability to HIV and their penchant for domesticity appear to be associated with their perceived primary role as wife and mother, as promoted by the adat-based New Order state ideology.
Sociology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)

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Nisa, Eva Fahrun. "Embodying the true Islam : face-veiled women in contemporary Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109215.

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Indonesian Muslim women who choose to wear the strictest type of women's dress, cadar (full face-veil), have become increasingly visible in Indonesia. This practice is often misunderstood in both popular media and scholarly works on Indonesian Islam: cadari (the wearers) are frequently stereotyped as terrorists or militants belonging to violent groups. The trend of face-veiling is viewed by some scholars as an aspect of the Arabisation of Indonesia. It is also frequently assumed that the cadar symbolises the oppression of Muslim women. Throughout Indonesian history it has often been regarded as a symbol of religious fanaticism. This thesis takes an ethnographic approach to investigate two different categories of women who wear the cadar belonging to two contrasting Islamic revivalist movements-Salafi groups on the one hand and Tablighi Jama'at on the other. The first group, who I term 'passionate cadari, makes a strong commitment to changing their lives to embody the norms of their religious groups. The second group I study consists of women attending an Islamic residential school where the cadar has been standardised. The thesis is based on 12 months of fieldwork in three large cities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Makassar) from 2007 to 2008, with a return visit for five months in 2009. This study draws on the literature on women's agency in Muslim societies and sociological literature on embodiment and subjectivity to provide an interpretive analysis of women's experiences and understandings of their chosen lifestyle. This is the first study on face-veiled women in Indonesia and also the first thorough study on face-veiled women within two Islamic revivalist movements, Tablighi Jama'at and Salafi factions. Whereas much has been written about head-covering in Indonesia (especially the jilbab), little research has been done on the cadari. Studies on the Tablighi Jama'at and Salafi movements in Indonesia have neglected the face-veiled women, who are the main female constituents of such groups. Focusing on the adoption of cadar and ways of being true Muslim women, this study demonstrates how religion shapes the formation of religious subjects, and how the agency of such women is expressed through discipline and docility. Their life experiences and the process of negotiating and renegotiating the wearing of their attire, the cadar, reveals their long struggle to construct their distinctive religious lifestyle and their capacity for agency. Previous scholarly accounts of women in extreme Islamic milieus obscure their capacity for self-creation, and gloss over the complex dynamics of their Iives-especially their agency in relation to their aspiration to embody the concept of being true Muslimah (Muslim women), and their zeal to be active agents in their communities. These women's efforts to embody their religion need to be understood with reference to the religious ideology that governs their life. Cadari are exercising compliant agency in creating themselves as a particular kind of Islamic subject through the performance of obedience towards authority figures, and embracing the constraints their choice entails.

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Wisana, Dewa Gede Karma. "Essays on rural-to-urban migration, labour market and economic development in Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155793.

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This thesis explores three topics on migration, labor market and development economics. Chapter 2 provide analysis on the impacts of rural-urban migration on expenditure patterns. Using two waves of data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2000 and 2007, this study applies household demand analysis to examine rural households' expenditure patterns. A system of expenditure equations is estimated jointly using seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimation. Three key findings emerge. First, migration has a statistically significant effect on reshaping Indonesian rural households' expenditure on food and non-food goods, and particularly on utility and transportation, durable goods, and education. Second, households with migrants spend more at the margin on meat and vegetables compared with households without migrants. Third, households with migrants spend more at the margin on housing as compared with households without migrants. Chapter 3 attempts to investigate the effect on Indonesia men's health of having left school during the economic crisis 1997-2000. Two empirical patterns motivate this research. First, leaving school during an economic crisis appears to have persistent and negative career effects on workers. Second, labour market trends and health outcomes are correlated. A quasi-experiment using provincial unemployment rate at time of leaving school and the economic crisis period conducted to identify persistent health effects. Five health-risk criteria are examined: mental health, lung capacity, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and smoking. Using data from the IFLS 2000 and 2007, this study applies a standard health production function to model health as a function of leaving school during economic crisis. Three key findings emerge. First, labour market conditions and school-leavers' health are negatively correlated. Second, men who left school during the 1997-2000 economic crisis have had worse mental health outcomes than men who left school before the economic crisis. Third, men who left school during the economic crisis display higher-risk health-related behaviour than their pre-crisis school leaving counterparts. Additional analysis suggests that the health effects may partially operate through labour market outcomes. The results suggest that men who leave school during economic downturn may have experience persistent poor labour market experiences with poor health as a result. Finally, Chapter 4 attempt to answer the question on what types of households are vulnerable to consumption changes when they are hit by natural disasters? This question is investigated using two-period data obtained in rural Indonesia, in 2000 and 2007 in relation to floods and earthquakes. Empirical results show that the sensitivity of consumption changes to idiosyncratic or aggregate shocks differs across households, depending on the characteristics of the households. The estimation shows significant negative effects of these disasters on households' consumption. The results also found that several factors play a significant role in explaining rural households' response to disaster shocks in terms of consumption changes. These factors include the number of household members, the household head's education level, the number of dependent household members, participation in non-farm business and land size owned or cultivated.

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Hiariej, Eric. "The politics of becoming fundamentalist in the age of consumer culture." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109587.

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The focus of this thesis is the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in Indonesia since the late 1990s. The arguments outlined in the existing works about the recent Islamic fundamentalism can be categorised into four topics: Islamic politics, interpretation of religious teachings, global Islamic radicalism and endogenous militant Muslims in the past. This thesis suggests an alternative approach. Based on theories developed within the studies of social movements, identity politics and consumer culture, it is argued that Indonesian Islamic fundamentalism is a form of resistance to problems of oppression and domination and, essentially, reflects social antagonism. The resistance takes the path of the struggle for identity because oppression and domination work at the level of self and everyday life. This kind of oppression and domination takes away one's critical abilities to take independent action and to produce one's own meanings of life in order to create a sense of certainty. The source of oppression is the rapid flow of images and signs that increasingly colonise the fabric of everyday life in modern society. The flowing images reflect the consumer culture, which constitutes the increasingly dominant social and cultural order. Capitalist development contributes significantly to its emergence. The rise of Islamic fundamentalism can be seen as a negation of consumer culture. The resistance, moreover, is an attempt to reject the occupation of self and everyday life by the saturating images and is a challenge to the consumer culture's dominating power. The way the fundamentalists resist, however, is influenced by their location within the class divisions created by the same capitalist development that produces the consumer culture. Throughout this thesis the intention is not to treat knowledge as a neutral and objective instrument for passively disclosing reality. Instead, knowledge is used not only to describe a given phenomenon, but also, more importantly, to shape and produce it. Specifically, the knowledge produced here attempts to expose contradictions and conflicts within the existing socio-cultural order in which Islamic fundamentalism emerges. My aim is to produce a different reality of the phenomenon in order to promote a more critical understanding of the current structural conditions.

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Djafar, Fariastuti. "Socio-economic factors and contraceptive use in West Kalimantan." Master's thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123359.

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Very few studies about family planning have been carried out in West Kalimantan. The studies which have been conducted are mostly concerned with the Chinese, one of the major ethnic groups in this province. This might be because West Kalimantan is one province of Indonesia which has a high proportion of Chinese, and the Chinese group is still regarded as a sensitive issue in Indonesia. This study uses 1980 census data to analyse socio-economic variables including ethnicity in terms of their relationship with contraceptive use. The findings indicate a conventional relationship between the socio-economic factors - place of residence, education, occupation and living standard - and contraceptive use: the better the socio-economic conditions of the women, the higher the contraceptive use. The findings also suggest that the Government should consider a special approach to the Chinese community, since their level of contraceptive use is low compared with the other ethnic groups. Detailed discussions of the extent of the program implementation and its challenges show that the program in West Kalimantan is still based more on the clinic approach than the community approach. This might have led to the relatively low contraceptive prevalence in West Kalimantan and the concentration of contraceptive use among the women with better socio-economic conditions evident in 1980.

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Pangemanan, Elvira E. R. S. "The perceived value of children among the Sudanese and Javanese." Master's thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123814.

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The survey which forms the basis of this study was carried out amongst the two largest cultural groups in Indonesia, the Sundanese and the Javanese, in 1975. It was part of the second phase of the Cross-national Value of children (VOC) Project. This study specifically attempted to investigate the perceived value of children of the high and low socio-economic status groups within the two societies (Sundanese and Javanese). Classifications of socio-economic strata in the selection of sample areas were based on the data on agricultural density, road distance from an urban centre, proportion of the labour force in agriculture, proportion of the labour force in commerce and industry, and proportion of agricultural land under irrigation. The differences between socio-economic groups within the two societies in their perceived values of children, and the correlations between the values and attitude towards family planning were examined in this study. Some factors that are considered to have influences on the relationships between the values of children and attitude towards family planning of the respective groups were also examined. The psychological advantages of having children were more important for the high socio-economic than the low socio-economic groups, whereas the economic advantage of children were more important for the low socio-economic than the high socio-economic groups. The emotional costs were stressed more by the respondents of the high socio-economic than the low socio-economic groups, and more by female respondents. The low socio-economic groups had stronger awareness of the economic costs of children than the high socio-economic groups.

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Muhumed, Abdirizak Aden. "Popular Islam limits of secular state on the Somali penisula." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/28380.

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Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by research in Political Science Graduate School for Humanities and Social Sciences University of the Witwatersrand March 2019
Somalia has been described as a “state without a state” or a “nation in search of state” since the end of colonial rule and the subsequent total collapse of the postcolonial state in 1991 (Samatar and Laitin, 1989, Newman, 2009, Menkhaus, 2003). Scholars have been attempting to locate the source of the conflict and ways of reconstructing the Somali state, describing the Horn of Africa nation not only as an archetype of a failed state, but also a threat to regional and global security. Since the arrival of European invaders, Somalia’s inhabitants have routinely been referred to as the most “difficult race to pacify” (Beech, 1996:5). The repetition of these colonial tropes which are consistently reported in the contemporary literature on Somalia is not surprising because of two consistent elements in the Somali conflict which ought to be probably understood. First, the population’s strong attachment to Islam has resulted in the country’s historical transformation into indigenous political Islam, a phenomenon that is “downplayed and understudied,” in the historiographic accounts of Somalia (Abdullahi, 2011:16). In this vein, I argue that the forced secularisation of Somalia, from the colonial era to the current attempts to create a secular state, has been at loggerheads with popular indigenous Islam in this Horn of Africa nation. This popular Islam attracts the presence of a global force that has been attempting to steer Somalia away from its indigenous identity to a more secular notion of the state. Arising from these hypotheses, the dissertation aims to establish the continuities between Somalia’s current political instability, its past and political loyalty, by exploring Islam as both an ethnicised identity and defence mechanism. While investigating the role of Islam in shaping the social and political Somali identity, I historicise Ahmad Gurey’s war with Abyssinia and the Portuguese empire in 1500s, and Sayid Maxamad’s confrontations with colonial powers: Britain, France, Italy and Abyssinia in 1900. Finally, I explore the tension between the formation of the secular postcolonial state and indigenous Islam. The research attempts to trace the present turmoil and investigate the role of popular Islam in “inviting” foreign powers to the Somali peninsula, thus arresting the process of domestic state reconstruction
M T 2019

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Adiwinata, Nawir Ani. "Strategies to enhance small-scale commercial tree-growing inside state forests in Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155648.

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Wood supply shortages are evident in Indonesia's forestry sector in both high-value products, and commodity products, such as pulpwood. Small-scale tree-growing can fill some of these gaps, while enhancing local livelihoods. Focussing on degraded forest area, much of the potential land on which small-scale commercial tree growing can take place is inside state forests. Two current schemes in this context are the community forestry (Hutan Kemasyarakatan) and community-company partnership (Kemitraan) schemes. This research seeks to inform policies to enhance the implementation of small-scale commercial tree growing inside state forests by addressing four research questions: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the two current schemes? 2. What are the benefits and costs, in both social and economic terms, of the two existing schemes in comparison to other investment options using the same lands? 3. How does this analysis suggest policies and schemes to promote small-scale commercial tree-growing in Indonesia should be designed? 4. How does this information and analysis inform decision makers on the potential contribution of timber from small-scale commercial tree growing to the wood production strategies in Indonesia? Questions 1 to 3 were addressed by analysing case studies relating to community tree-growing in the Sumbawa and Bima Districts (West Nusa Tenggara), and to the community-company partnership in Jambi (Sumatra) and Sanggau (West Kalimantan). Question 4 was addressed through a desktop analysis of demand and supply data and projections. Both schemes were developed initially to reinforce the status of state property suffering from encroachment and illegal logging. Despite their effectiveness in containing these pressures, the active involvement of the community under the two schemes remains a last option for communities, in part because of actual and transaction costs. Developing tree-growing inside state forests is complicated in comparison to tree-growing that is more commonly developed on privately-owned land. The commercial viability of these schemes has generally been unconvincing, and financial analyses suggest the conditions in which these schemes are likely to be sustainable. Social capital from the collaborative arrangements under the two schemes has allowed community access to state forests and to benefits from timber plantations, as well as a way to generate other capitals required. Wider implementation of the schemes is hampered by inconsistencies between policies and regulations in force at the national and district levels. The national policy is more important to partnership schemes, since it provides secure access and flexible management opportunities, whilst the regional autonomy exercised by the district government has provided advantages for community tree-growing. Increasing the competitiveness of returns from tree growing compared to other investment alternatives should be achieved by increasing timber productivity to the optimum level. Analysis at the national level suggests that there is a large and continuing gap between industry capacity and wood supply from Indonesia's forests. Scenario analysis suggests that the different smallholder tree-growing schemes can contribute a wood supply that is many orders of magnitude greater than the industry requirements.

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Abdullah, Irwan. "The Muslim businessmen of Jatinom religious reform and economic modernization in a central Javanese town /." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39976387.html.

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Nainggolan, Sabam S. M. "Optimal resource allocation for land settlement in Indonesia : a combined static linear programming and dynamic budgeting approach." Master's thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/122933.

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The integration of land settlement under Nucleus Estate-Smallholder (NES) schemes in Indonesia is aimed at increasing export crop production and improving the settlers' well-being. In spite of improvements in the schemes' implementation, profit-maximising farm plans have rarely been formulated and used as a basis for settlement development. As a result, the productivity of existing resources has not been optimised. Consequently, incomes accruing to the farms have not been a stimulus to the development of both settlements and regions. This study seeks to devise an optima] farm plan that maximises farm incomes within the framework imposed by limited resources and other restraints. The approach is a combination of static linear programming and multi-period budgeting. Although planning for long-lasting perennial crop farming systems can be handled by dynamic linear programming, this technique requires a main-frame computer. Such computational facilities are not available at a regional planning level. By contrast, the chosen approach relies on readily available microcomputer hardware and software. Thus, the technique can be adopted even at more remote regional planning offices. The optimal farm plan is formulated in three steps. First, static linear programming is employed to formulate an optimal combination of enterprises when the farm is assumed to be at 'maturity'. This is when the main perennial (rubber) reaches its yield plateau. Two perennial crops, rubber and coconut, are included in the optimal plan. The former is forced into the farm plan by the scheme management (nucleus estate), while the latter dominates the third of the three parcels of land that make up the settler's holding. Based on this solution, in the second step, a linear programming problem at 'immaturity' is specified. Here, the perennials are given equality constraints at their mature levels although their current returns are negative. Also, intercropping is allowed on the perennial blocks for the first several years. Static linear programming is used to derive the optimal farm plan at immaturity. In the third step, multi-period budgeting is employed to link the optimal static solutions and to span the total 30 year planning horizon. The empirical results show that rubber, with the establishment cost charged to the settler, does not pay. The rubber block is subsidised not only by the government through its credit scheme, but also by the other crops. Intercropping the rubber block for the first three years and the coconut block for five years, allows the second parcel of farm land to remain fallow. The delay in utilising this parcel has two advantages. Firstly, the nucleus estate will have sufficient time to clear the second parcel and allot it to the settler. Therefore, together with the settler, they can concentrate on the upkeep of the immature rubber. Secondly, the newly opened second parcel of farm land will give good yields, at least for several years, before the demanding efforts of soil management need to be undertaken. Without taking explicit account of the cost of family labour, the investment in the farm as a whole is highly remunerative as is shown by its benefit-cost ratio of 2.3. The internal rate of return is 37.8 per cent. Net income, as a return to family labour and management, is substantially higher than the poverty level that settlers are assumed to face in their places of origin. The sum of net present value is more sensitive to changes (over the whole planning horizon) in the gross revenue than to material costs. However, it is important to stress that the actual solution should not be used for any current policy conclusions owing to the inadequacy of the data used. What is far more important is that this study has demonstrated an innovative technique for optimal planning of long-lasting farming systems. The combination of static linear programming and dynamic budgeting provides a wider range of economic measures than does either technique in isolation.

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Cheung, Paul Wing-Fai. "An analysis of the effect of prices and income on food consumption in Indonesia." Master's thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130336.

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This study examines the effect of price and income on the pattern of food consumption in Indonesia. There is a general belief that a large proportion of the population in Indonesia is suffering from malnutrition. In a comparative study, Knudsen and Scandi2zo(1982) argue that 40 percent of the population in Indonesia have calorie consumption levels well below the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) of the United Nations. A similar study by Chernichovsky and Meesook(1983) strongly suggests that there are widespread deficiencies of all nutrients in Indonesia. On the other hand, as pointed out by KIumper(1985), the present food supply in Indonesia exceeds the minimum requirements by more than 20 percent. Therefore, it appears that the problem is more likely one of the maldistribution than of an overall shortfall in the availability of foods. Obviously, there is scope for government intervention in the form of food and nutrition policies. To evaluate the social welfare effects of public policies such as tax reforms or subsidy programs on food items, it is important to determine how a consumer will be affected by changes in relative prices and income. Since all welfare measures presume a knowledge of consumer demand functions, the first step is to correctly specify and estimate a system of commodity demands. Subsequently, attention should be given to the estimation of price and income elasticities. This is, in fact, the major underlying reason motivating this study.

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Murray, Alison Jane. "No money no honey : a study of street traders and prostitutes in Jakarta." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123504.

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In Jakarta, ideas about class and sexuality, time and space are changing rapidly as capitalist transformation takes place. There has historically been a dichotomy between the 'metropolitan city’ culture of the ruling elite and the everyday life of struggle in the lowerclass kampung, but the kampung are now being radically affected by capitalist development and the ideology of consumerism. An examination of kampung Manggarai shows how its alleysidedwelling community has been structured by informal economic activities, networks centred around self-employed women involved in these activities, and communal concepts of time and space. This community is anarchic and relatively autonomous. In contrast, in the ideas authorised by the elite, society is made up of individual consumers and time and space exist as commodities. Households in the urban kampung rely on multiple income-earning strategies, and street trading is one of the few occupations which allows women to make a significant contribution. Street trading is becoming more difficult, however, due to the enforcement of restrictive legislation, and the model of bourgeois consumerism denies women their social and economic importance in the community. The expression 'no money no honey' is increasingly appropriate in Jakarta and is often used by the city's prostitutes. Self-employed prostitutes have their own networks of support and have relative autonomy in their everyday lives. This is apparent in a study of Bangka, a more recently urbanised kampung than Manggarai. Like the street traders, prostitutes' lifestyles are 'alternative' to the recommended ideology of the capitalist state, but at the same time they engage in spectacular consumption more successfully than other alleyside dwellers.

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Irawan, Silvia. "Intergovernmental fiscal transfers for conservation : the case of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) in Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149830.

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Properly designed intergovernmental fiscal transfers (IFTs) offer an innovative instrument to create incentives for local public actors to support conservation. As conservation restricts local governments' capacity to generate revenues from alternative land-use activities, compensation to reconcile local costs with the benefits of conservation that reach beyond local boundaries is required. Whilst studies on IFTs for conservation have focused mainly on the distribution formula, this thesis comprehensively examines all elements of the design of IFTs, including conditionality and accountability. The thesis considers both the theoretical justifications and the wider political and administrative context in developing the design of IFTs for conservation. The case of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) revenues distribution in Indonesia is selected as the case study. The pragmatism paradigm, which incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods, is adopted in this study. Policy analysis to develop policy options to address environmental problems should emphasise integration of the interpretivist and rationalist approaches. Decision makers need to define policy problems with the target groups, who often have contradictory values and beliefs; whilst simultaneously, environmental issues involve a great number of technical issues that require a rationalist approach. A multiple case studies approach is applied as the research strategy with two sample provinces, Riau and Papua. In-depth interviews with government officials reveal that a dynamic interaction between actors and their different interest determine the final decision on land-use activities. Several factors should therefore exist when transferring IFTs for REDD+ revenue distribution including, inter alia, voluntary participation of local governments in REDD+. Moreover, government officials perceive that conditionality of IFTs is preferred in conservation for political and administrative reasons. When the use of IFTs for conservation is left to political processes, there is a high possibility that the funds may be used for other development priorities. Earmarking is therefore important for IFTs, to compensate for the management and transaction costs of conservation; whilst, for opportunity costs, IFTs can be transferred with more flexibility for local governments to decide on the use of the funds. The opportunity cost analysis conducted in this study shows that REDD+ would lead to a substantial loss of public revenues at all government levels. Institutional and political (including informal benefits) may no longer be obtained if local government choose to pursue REDD+. The distribution of REDD+ revenue, using IFTs, needs to create a direct link between the distribution of public revenues and district governments' decisions on land-use activities. To determine the amount of IFTs to distribute REDD+ revenues, both the cost reimbursement and derivation approaches can be used. The cost reimbursement approach distributes IFTs just enough to cover the costs of REDD+, which vary between localities; whilst the derivation approach sets a fixed rate to determine the amount of IFTs and ignores the costs of REDD+. Finally, the successful implementation of IFTs will be determined by the technical capacity of local governments to manage public resources at the local level. Hence, designing IFTs for conservation should consider political and administrative factors within a complex bureaucratic environment.

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Higuchi, Yoichiro. "Citrus siam adoption in a South Sumatran rubber smallholding village : an interdependence approach." Phd thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123110.

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In investigating the adoption process of a crop called “citrus siam” in a South Sumatran rubber-smallholding village, Belatung, the importance of externality of other villagers in a villager’s decision making was noticed. Neo-classical economics generally uses a model in which individuals are treated as atomistic, self-interested and independent beings, and attempts have rarely been made to incorporate an individual’s relative socioeconomic position into a utility function framework. Previous attempts, which may be placed under the broad haeding of ” interdependence approach” , are so far simplistic, and still in their infancy. On the other hand, the sociological and anthropological literature has paid greater attention to these aspects. Approaches developed for analysis of a person’s socio-economic position can provide useful concepts for economists to develop realistic economic models of human behaviour. Techniques of sociological network analysis appear to be particularly useful for economists to utilise in their work. In this thesis, firstly, the interdependence approach literature and basic literature of adoption process are reviewed. Secondly, villagers’ interactions with each other are carefully described with sociological network analysis techniques. On this basis, thirdly, a model of expected utility which explicitly incorporates both a person’s absolute and relative income levels is developed for the analysis of the “Cancian Dip” or “upper-middle class conservatism” hypothesis. Finally, with d ata collected from the village, Belatung, hypotheses and propositions of the model are statistically tested. The interdependence approach, though theoretically a little more complicated, is empirically proved to be significantly more powerful in explaining the citrus siam adoption process in Belatung.

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Padmo, Sugijanto. "Tobacco plantations and their impact on peasant society and economy in Surakarta residency : 1860-1980s." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130312.

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The cultivation of Vorstenlands cigar tobacco in Surakarta, which first developed around 1860, reached its most substantial level of development between 1890 and 1915; the industry then experienced a decade of consolidation in the 1920s, before suffering a sharp decline in profitability during the 1930s Depression. It ceased to operate almost entirely between 1942-1950 and when it was restored to production in the 1950s, it was able to operate only at output levels far below those of the 1920s. The rapid increase of tobacco production between the 1880s and 1930s was made possible by the provision of capital on a large scale by new types of financial organization and by better management resulting from the incorporation of small individually owned companies into a few large ones. A major change in the organization of the industry around 1920 was the Agrarian Reorganization, which abolished the old apanage system and introduced a system of land tenure and land rental by the plantations more similar to the arrangements applying elsewhere in Java. This development reached a peak in 1921 with the reorganisation of NV-VKCM (Klaten Plantation Company) as a managing organisation for most of the major plantations in the Principalities, as well as other parts of Java. This more impersonal management style, heavier capital investment, tight quality control and a system of sophisticated organisational linkages to the international market characterised the tobacco industry through until 1942. The high profits achieved by tobacco companies enabled them to achieve further consolidation by taking over smaller estates. The high quality of Vorstenlands binder and wrapper leaf was achieved only through the thorough techniques of cultivation and processing and tight work discipline, which made heavy demands on the time of the peasants. This situation had important repercussions for the economy of the entire region. The peasants^ being unable to devote enough time to their food crops, were compelled to rely on the plantations for both wage and rental payments for the crops grown on the companies land, the paddy kongsen system. This meant an opportunity for the landless peasants to earn a livelihood on a sharecropping basis. The increased use of currency resulted in a new group of Javanese and Chinese traders emerging to take part in this economic activity. The development of tobacco cultivation in Klaten certainly made an important contribution to the economic growth of the region; but the decline of the industry after 1930 has had fewer adverse effects than might have been expected. This was mainly because of other economic changes which have occurred in Klaten since independence, such as a major increase in rice production, the emergence of new forms of small industries and tertiary services and a general increase in employment in both rural and urban occupations. Vorstenlands tobacco is no longer a major source of foreign exchange or income and the industry is maintained mainly to serve the interests of the state plantation enterprise now controlling it, rather than because of its significance to the overall economy of the region.

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Rubenstein, Beth L. "Microcredit, temptation spending and health outcomes in Indonesia: A longitudinal evaluation." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-qfe2-x330.

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This dissertation examined whether or not microcredit, the provision of small loans to people usually excluded from mainstream financial institutions, demonstrably improved health for typical borrowers in Indonesia. The underlying idea behind microcredit is that loans will increase borrowers’ income and lead to positive changes in their lives, including their health. However, microcredit may actually be harmful to borrowers’ health because of stress associated with repayment obligations, extra working hours needed to start a business and tensions caused by shifting power dynamics in the household. Moreover, for some borrowers, a loan may facilitate increased spending on so-called temptation goods that are damaging to health, such as tobacco and processed foods. Previous research has not adequately explored these competing positive and negative pathways linking microcredit and health. The project consisted of three parts: a systematic review and two empirical papers. The systematic review synthesized the scientific literature related to individual microcredit loans, health-related temptation spending, psychological stress and self-reported health outcomes in adults. The empirical papers estimated the causal effect of microcredit on household expenditures on tobacco and processed foods, and individual psychological distress and self-rated health. Both empirical papers used data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey, a longitudinal study that followed more than 7,000 households over 21 years. After adjusting for confounding, people living in borrowing households had levels of psychological distress and self-rated health that were similar to people living in non-borrowing households. These predominantly null findings were relatively robust across multiple models. Microcredit households did spend substantially more money on tobacco than non-borrowers. This difference was driven by households with male borrowers. Still, tobacco spending ultimately did not affect health outcomes. Based on empirical evidence from this dissertation along with findings from other studies, policymakers and practitioners should recalibrate their high expectations of microcredit as a socially transformative intervention. At the same time, fears about the unintended health consequences of microcredit may have been exaggerated. Reliance on longitudinal data generated insights into microcredit and health that could not be established from randomized controlled trials.

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Luthfi. "The roles of agroindustry in the improvement of regional economy and income distribution of South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia / Luthfi." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22049.

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"February 2003"
Bibliography: leaves 183-198.
xv, 201 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Aims to verify previous findings regarding the role of agroindustry in economic development with empirical data using a social accounting matrix framework, focussing on South Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Results show that agroindustry is suitable for maintaining economic growth and improving the welfare of poor farmers.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Economics, 2004

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Mariyono, Joko. "Technological progress, efficiency and environmentally adjusted productivity growth of Indonesian rice agriculture." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148189.

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Makwemba, Taibu. "An Islamic perspective on sustainable development in the context of globalization." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1526.

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Hadi, Sudharto P. "Planning for industrialization in central Java, Indonesia : the process, the impacts and the alternatives." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2260.

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This study identifies the Indonesian policies that established large scale, export oriented and externally controlled (LEE)industrialization from the perspective of local people in the industrializing area, the planning that implemented these policies in Central Java and the ways in which the local people's lives are being affected. It identifies the links between the policy and the planning, and between the planning and the impacts. This study is based on data gathered from provincial, municipal and local planners, affected people, factory owners, and workers. LEE industrial development has often been successful in terms of its contribution to Regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and to the creation of low wage employment opportunities. However, this success has been accompanied by significant economic, social and environmental impacts on local people. The economic impacts include loss of livelihood and jobs, and decrease of family income. The social impacts comprise the weakening of community cohesion and the disruption of the people's daily lives. The environmental impacts include floods, lack of clean water, water pollution, and air pollution. The impacts of LEE industrialization have been documented by various studies including this one. What has not been adequately analyzed and documented is the process that produces the impacts. This study helps to fill the gap. It concludes that the impacts stem from the following factors. The national development emphasizes large scale and export oriented industrialization. The top-down development planning ensures that this policy is supported at the provincial level regardless of local conditions, needs and priorities. The arbitrary nature of provincial decision-making provides for no popular input. Impact assessment studies fail to provide the information necessary for planners, decision-makers and ideally the local leaders about the likely impacts of industrialization. The way the responsible government agencies solve environmental problems tends to protect factory interests. The impacts are exacerbated by a lack of adequate monitoring and enforcement of environmental regulations. The thesis concludes that substantive policy reform and process restructuring are required to achieve sound planning for industrial development. If quality of life is to be protected and enhanced, industrial policies should be reoriented to strengthening existing local economic activities; and planning restructured to enable local planners and affected people to be fully involved at all stages including impact management.

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Eki, Ayub Titu. "International labour emigration from Eastern Flores Indonesia to Sabah Malaysia : a study of patterns, causes and consequences / Ayub Titu Eki." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21938.

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"September 2002"
Bibliography: leaves 320-343.
xiii, 363 leaves : ill., plates, maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2003

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Eki, Ayub Titu. "International labour emigration from Eastern Flores Indonesia to Sabah Malaysia : a study of patterns, causes and consequences / Ayub Titu Eki." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21938.

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Karodia, Mahomed Sayeed. "Islam and the environment within the context of globalisation and South Africa." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1529.

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This thesis titled Islam and the Environment within the context of globalisation and South Africa asserts the integral role that religion and culture place on social transformation. It also dispels any myths about the unscientific nature of religion. Religion, in its very tenets, advocates the total respect of all living and non-living things. An analysis of the verses found within the divine book of Muslims, the Quran shows the role of humans in conserving, preserving and caring for the natural environment. The environment is given to humans as a gift. Humans are the custodians and the care-takers of the environment. Planet Earth is in grave danger. Globalisation has placed unreasonable demands on (unnatural resources. Overproduction, the result of mass consumption has led to large scale industrialisation. Pollution, depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, climatic changes are some of the concomitant results of globalisation. South Africa is no exception to the rule. The Muslims of South Africa, via a closer link with the environment can achieve social transformation through the process of Environmental Education and taking greater care of the environment. It is critical that Muslims in South Africa begin to define their relationship with the environment. Muslim schools and institutions formed part of this empirical investigation to ascertain what efforts are being made to develop a sustainable Muslim community in South Africa. The research is both qualitative and quantitative in nature with an exploratory modality. Proposals are made to implement environmentallyfriendly programmes with a view to build capacity amongst Muslims in South Africa through the two fundamentally important stakeholders in South African Muslim society: Islamic schools and the Body of Theologians. The "return to basics" call is further resonated within the context of a textual analysis of verses of the Quran, with a view to ascertain the ordained role of Muslims vis-a-vis their purpose on this earth with reference to the natural environment. This theoretical, conceptual framework provides the bedrock for assumptions that protecting the natural environment is incumbent upon all Muslims. There is an urgent need for South African Muslims to galvanise around environmental issues within the parameters of Islamic schools and Islamic institutions (the Jamiats). These milieus form the pivotal points in this praxiological approach. Programmes for communities and educational institutions are suggested for maximum optimisation in a systemic way of promoting and sustaining environmental education de Nuevo. Socially responsive models and other pragmatic proposals are suggested in a bid to conscientise and empower South African Muslims concerning ways and means of protecting the environment. This thesis highlights the unquestioned assumptions which underlie growing calls for social transformation and considers the significance of a socially critical orientation to environmental education in relation to divine doctrines.
Thesis (Ph.D)-University of Durban-Westville, 2004.

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Makhasin, Luthfi. "Sokaraja has many santri: Sufism, market culture, and the Muslim business community in Banyumas, Central Java." Master's thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150335.

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Kubitza, Christoph Alexander. "Land-use change and rural development in Indonesia: Economic, institutional and demographic aspects of deforestation and oil palm expansion." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E40D-9.

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Thristiawati, Safrina. "Socio-cultural dimension of gendered wellbeing of older persons in Lampung, Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156402.

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Women's experiences of ageing are markedly different from men's. The sex-difference in older age is predominantly a result of enduring inequalities across the life course, apparent in many areas, including education, labour force participation, public programs for health and income security, national legal system as well as cultural practices. The Indonesian government has provided only limited fully-funded programs for select older Indonesians. This study examines the wellbeing of the older Indonesians using a multi-level strategy including: (1) examination at national level of the socio-economic background of older Indonesians; (2) exploration of sex-differences in the wellbeing of two ethnic groups, Lampungese and Javan-migrants, using an ethnographic approach in Whyanda, Lampung in 2009-2010. The thesis analyses three key dimensions of the lives of older persons in Lampung. These are: (1) sex differences in the physical wellbeing of the older persons, measured by self-rated health; (2) sex differences in the economic wellbeing of older persons, measured by individual income, home ownership and ownership of household items; and (3) sex differences in the vulnerability of older persons, measured by "doubly-poor" characteristics, a composite of low self-rated health and low economic wellbeing. By and large, older women experience lower physical and economic wellbeing compared with older men; the lower wellbeing is significantly related to their lower status within the family. With regard to physical wellbeing, the main finding is that an older person's status within the family is a significant factor related to health, but the direction of the relations depended on the sex and ethnicity of the person. The high status does signify a better health, but only for older men. However, Javan-migrants (men and women) report better health when they have relatively equal status within the family, which is in accordance with Javan cultural norms. Six significant socio-demographic variables related to the older persons' health are lifestyle, inter-generational monetary and in-kind transfers, time spent on unpaid and paid work, and involvement in religious groups. In terms of economic wellbeing, education is the strongest positive indicator of income and ownership of household items. As an indicator of home ownership, education is second after ethnicity. Income is also positively related to living in urban area, being a Javan-migrant, working more than 35 hours weekly and monetary transfers between parents and children. Home ownership is related to ethnicity, the number of living children and age. Access to household goods is linked positively to income, health and number of living children. Among vulnerable older persons, women seem to be more vulnerable than men. However, among the 'most vulnerable' no significant sex-differences are observed. This research demonstrates that the mainstream cultural convention may assign men to higher status within the family compared with women, but this sex-difference in status is mitigated by ethnic norms. Putting relatively equal value on men's and women's contributions to the family, means a husband and wife have a relatively equal status, which in turn has a positive effect on the wellbeing of both men and women in their later life.

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Nibbering, Joannes Wilhelmus Silvester Maria. "Hoeing in the hills : stress and resilience in an upland farming system in Java." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131322.

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Overpopulation, poverty and land degradation are widespread phenomena in many upland areas in South and South East Asia. However, the literature dealing with these problems is characterized by unwarranted assumptions and a high level of generalization with respect to the nature and extent of degradation, the behaviour of farmers and the wider social, political and economic context in which farmers operate. This thesis inquires into the development of land use in a particular upland area, the Gunung Sewu, a in Java, in order to test how these notions and assumptions will stand in the face of empirical evidence. The Gunung Sewu is a limestone area which is widely believed to be poor and degraded. Immigration from the densely populated lowland areas resulted in rapid population growth which caused the expansion and intensification of agriculture in the area during the 19th century and the first four decades of this century. From the 1940s, throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the population was plunged into a long crisis concurrently with the adverse, political and social conditions in Java as a whole. The general economic situation greatly affected the area, already disadvantaged by its marginal environment, lack of infrastructure, social and economic backwardness, and deprived the population of the means required to cope with their large and growing numbers. During this period, the area suffered greatly from droughts and rat pests, to which it had become extremely susceptible as a result of the expansion of agriculture onto marginal land and land degradation. Poverty and and malnutrition became rampant. From 1967 onwards, after the installation of the new order government, various opportunities presented themselves in the form of off-farm inputs, larger and more accessible markets for agricultural produce and more employment opportunities outside farming. These enabled the farmers to increase the productivity of their land and to strengthen their household economies. These new developments introduced new forms of land use, such as tree growing, and stimulated the farmers to maintain and improve land management practices, such as terracing, which had gradually developed under an increasing population pressure. As a result, crop cultivation has now become more sustainable than it was twenty years before. Increased diversification in farming and non-farming pursuits alike has equipped the population with means to cope with the disturbances affecting crop cultivation in the area, while constant out-migration has reduced population growth to a very low level. As a result, the general welfare situation improved. Lessons which can be drawn from this case study concern the relativity of land productivity and land degradation, the role of stability, the land manager's capacity for adaptation, and the strong connection that exists between the problems in upland areas, their regional position, and, general conditions in the wider economy and society.

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Suryadarma, Daniel. "Essays on the economics of education in Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150513.

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Floyd, J. M. "The political economy of fisheries development in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10111.

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Achmad, Januar. "The political economy of Indonesia's health system, with special reference to maternal mortality in Sumbing, Central Java." Phd thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145277.

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Sabastian, Gerhard Eli. "Enhancing the sustainability of smallholder timber production systems in the Gunungkidul region, Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150683.

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Smallholder farmers who grow trees as part of their farm enterprise face many challenges in optimising returns from their farming systems. This research evaluates a range of silvicultural options that can be applied by smallholders in central Java, Indonesia, in their integrated tree and crop growing systems. The research was conducted in the Gunungkidul region, where planting timber trees on smallscale farms has been promoted as a way to restore degraded farmland and produce forest products for household consumption and commercial markets. Corresponding to the decline in the natural forests of Gunungkidul, the demand and prices for timber has increased, leading to perceptions that farm-based forestry could be an important enterprise for smallholders. However, the typical silvicultural practices applied by farmers result in low levels of production and quality, severely restricting the profitability of teak-based forestry. This research contributes to a better understanding of the context of the farming and forestry systems developed by smallholders in Gunungkidul, and how changes to silvicultural practices could improve the returns to smallholders from timber-based forestry. This research revealed both on-farm and off-farm income, and the total farm area, affect the farming and forestry systems. Farmers with a higher income and larger farm area were more likely to adopt smallholder timber production systems. The research also analysed the effects of tree and site quality factors on tree growth, with results indicating that teak (Tectona grandis) and acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) grew faster on steeper slopes, while mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) grew best on slight slopes. Acacia grew best where soil Cation Exchange Capacity and bulk density were lower, and mahogany and acacia grew better under lower annual rainfall conditions. Functional Branch Analysis allometric calculations were used to estimate above-ground biomass for teak, mahogany and acacia trees, using models that were consistent with the common tree size and branching patterns for these species. Validation was good for total above-ground biomass, but need further refinement for the branch and twig components. Using the WaNuLCAS model, the research evaluated the feasibility of different silvicultural systems for mixed teak and acacia planting with a maize intercrop. Treatments that combined a wide initial spacing at 4 metres x 4 metres, light pruning of branches (40% of total stem height) and heavy thinning (75% of all standing trees removed) produced the largest diameter and highest timber volume for teak, and also highest net profits and returns on labour. The thesis concludes with a synthesis of the implications of these results for Indonesian smallholders seeking to optimise the performance of tree crops as part of their farming system, and for further research to support this.

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Sulistyawati, Endah. "An agent-based simulation of land-use in a swidden agricultural landscape of the Kantu' in Kalimantan, Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146045.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Islam Economic aspects Indonesia'

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