Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / ISDN / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'ISDN'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: ISDN.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'ISDN.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Tam, G. S., G. S. Marks, J. F. Brien, and K. Nakatsu. "Sex- and species-related differences in the biotransformation of isosorbide dinitrate by various tissues of the rabbit and rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-231.

Full text

Abstract:

The biotransformation of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) by various tissues of the rabbit and rat was examined. Incubation of 2 × 10−7 M ISDN at 37 °C with tissue homogenates of liver, lung, kidney, intestine, skeletal muscle, aorta, and erythrocytes from the rabbit and rat resulted in a significant disappearance of ISDN after a 30-min incubation (also, 5-min incubation for liver). The disappearance of ISDN in each tissue homogenate was accompanied by an equimolar production of the mononitrate metabolites, isosorbide-2-mononitrate (2-ISMN) and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN), with the exception of liver homogenates where the loss of ISDN could not be accounted for by mononitrate formation. The relative rate of ISDN disappearance in various tissue homogenates was for the male rabbit, liver > lung ≈ intestine > kidney > erythrocytes ≈ skeletal muscle ≈ aorta; for the female rabbit, liver > kidney ≈ lung ≈ intestine > erythrocytes ≈ skeletal muscle ≈ aorta; and for the male rat, liver > intestine > erythrocytes > skeletal muscle > lung ≈ kidney. A sex difference in the percent disappearance of ISDN was observed in homogenates of lung and intestine from male and female rabbits. In addition, a sex difference in the ratio of metabolite (2-ISMN/5-ISMN) formed by denitration of ISDN was seen in homogenates of lung, skeletal muscle, and erythrocyte lysate. There was a species difference between the male rabbit and male rat, with respect to the loss of ISDN exhibited during incubation of ISDN with liver homogenates for 5 min; this was also observed for homogenates of lung, kidney, and intestine during a 30-min incubation. In addition, a similar species difference was observed for metabolite ratios obtained from these incubations. These results indicate that biotransformation of ISDN by liver and extrahepatic tissues may contribute to the high systemic clearance of this drug. The observed sex and species differences in the rate of ISDN disappearance and the metabolite ratio (2-ISMN/5-ISMN) in the various tissues may be due to hormonal and (or) genetic differences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Steven, Sebastian, Matthias Oelze, Michael Hausding, Siyer Roohani, Fatemeh Kashani, Swenja Kröller-Schön, Johanna Helmstädter, et al. "The Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Macitentan Improves Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate (ISMN) and Isosorbide Dinitrate (ISDN) Induced Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Inflammation." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (December 27, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7845629.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. Organic nitrates such as isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) are used for the treatment of patients with chronic symptomatic stable coronary artery disease and chronic congestive heart failure. Limiting side effects of these nitrovasodilators include nitrate tolerance and/or endothelial dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress. Here, we tested the therapeutic effects of the dual endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist macitentan in ISMN- and ISDN-treated animals. Methods and Results. Organic nitrates (ISMN, ISDN, and nitroglycerin (GTN)) augmented the oxidative burst and interleukin-6 release in cultured macrophages, whereas macitentan decreased the oxidative burst in isolated human leukocytes. Male C57BL/6j mice were treated with ISMN (75 mg/kg/d) or ISDN (25 mg/kg/d) via s.c. infusion for 7 days and some mice in addition with 30 mg/kg/d of macitentan (gavage, once daily). ISMN and ISDN in vivo therapy caused endothelial dysfunction but no nitrate (or cross-)tolerance to the organic nitrates, respectively. ISMN/ISDN increased blood nitrosative stress, vascular/cardiac oxidative stress via NOX-2 (fluorescence and chemiluminescence methods), ET1 expression, ET receptor signaling, and markers of inflammation (protein and mRNA level). ET receptor signaling blockade by macitentan normalized endothelial function, vascular/cardiac oxidative stress, and inflammatory phenotype in both nitrate therapy groups. Conclusion. ISMN/ISDN treatment caused activation of the NOX-2/ET receptor signaling axis leading to increased vascular oxidative stress and inflammation as well as endothelial dysfunction. Our study demonstrates for the first time that blockade of ET receptor signaling by the dual endothelin receptor blocker macitentan improves adverse side effects of the organic nitrates ISMN and ISDN.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Tam, Glen S., Heather MacMillan, Brian M. Bennett, Gerald S. Marks, James F. Brien, and Kanji Nakatsu. "Patterns of isosorbide dinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate metabolites formed by selected segments of the rabbit gastrointestinal tract." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-029.

Full text

Abstract:

Homogenates of selected segments of the rabbit gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were studied for their ability to biotransform isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) to their mono- and di-nitrate metabolites, respectively. In addition, preferential formation of certain metabolites was investigated by examination of the patterns of metabolites formed by the various homogenates. After a 30-min incubation of ISDN with GIT homogenates (pH 7.4, 37 °C), the percent disappearance of ISDN and the ratio of isosorbide-2-mononitrate (2-ISMN) to isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) were as follows: stomach, 32%, 0.8; duodenum, 65%, 0.1; jejunum, 59%, 0.2; ileum, 38%, 1.2; cecum, 33%, 2.7; and colon, 32%, 3.4. After a 5-min incubation of GTN with GIT homogenates, the percent disappearance of GTN and the ratio of glyceryl-1,3-dinitrate (1,3-GDN) to glyceryl-1,2-dinitrate (1,2-GDN) were as follows: duodenum, 54%, 0.65; ileum, 73%, 0.68; and colon, 61%, 0.17. Incubation of 2 × 10−7 M ISDN with mucosal and muscularis homogenates of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum resulted in significant losses of ISDN with an equimolar formation of the mononitrate metabolites. Most of the metabolic activity for ISDN resided in the mucosal layer of each section. The ratio of 2-ISMN to 5-ISMN varied in each section (stomach to colon) and cross section (mucosal versus muscularis) of the GIT. We conclude that the metabolism of ISDN and GTN by the GIT may contribute to the high clearance of these organic nitrates, and the low oral bioavailability of ISDN. Also, multiple mechanisms appear to be involved in the biotransformation of ISDN and GTN in the rabbit GIT.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Zhang, Guimin, Xinling Liu, Jian Xu, Guoliang Cheng, and Juntang Xu. "Comparative analysis of cost–effectiveness between isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide: a retrospective real-world evaluation." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 9, no. 6 (April 2020): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2019-0099.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim: The cost–effectiveness of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in real-world use in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD; either angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) was retrospectively compared. Method: In this retrospective real-world evaluation, patients with established CHD satisfying the following criteria were selected from information system of two tertiary hospitals in China: with pharmacy claiming for at least one injection of 5-ISMN or ISDN between July 2008 and May 2017; and, CHD patients. By using propensity score matching (PSM), we compared clinical aspects of efficacy, safety, length of hospital stay and cost during hospitalization between 5-ISMN and ISDN group. All data were processed by R statistical package v.2.13.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Result: Of 5609 patients selected, 4047 received 5-ISMN and 1562 received ISDN. After PSM, we acquired 1555 pairs based on balancing of age, sex, insurance and comorbidities on admission. The frequency (4.2 ± 6.6-times vs 6.5 ± 9.5-times; p < 0.05) and total dosage (47.5 ± 153.4 vs 136.4 ± 261.0 mg; p < 0.05) of sublingual nitroglycerin use decreased and hypotension incidence lowered (8.0 vs 13.0%; p < 0.05) in 5-ISMN group compared with ISDN group. Hospital stay (16.0 ± 11.3 days vs 17.7 ± 13.2; p < 0.05) and hospitalization expenditure ([the ratio of cost in the study to the average hospitalization cost in the city] [odds ratio: 2.5 vs 2.6; p < 0.05]) were reduced in 5-ISMN group as with that of ISDN group. Moreover, the main component of hospitalization cost was medical consumables and medications in both the groups. Conclusion: In the present retrospective real-world evaluation, by using PSM analysis, we found that newer injection agent of 5-ISMN was associated with fewer use of sublingual nitroglycerin, less hypotension incidence, shorter length of hospital stay and less hospitalization expenditure related to its comparator ISDN in patients with established CHD. Further evaluation and clinical experience are need in different circumference for the usage of ISDN.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Zapotoczna, Marta, Simon Heilbronner, Pietro Speziale, and Timothy J. Foster. "Iron-Regulated Surface Determinant (Isd) Proteins of Staphylococcus lugdunensis." Journal of Bacteriology 194, no. 23 (September 21, 2012): 6453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01195-12.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus lugdunensisis the only coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusspecies with a locus encoding iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) proteins. InStaphylococcus aureus, the Isd proteins capture heme from hemoglobin and transfer it across the wall to a membrane-bound transporter, which delivers it into the cytoplasm, where heme oxygenases release iron. The Isd proteins ofS. lugdunensisare expressed under iron-restricted conditions. We propose thatS. lugdunensisIsdB and IsdC proteins perform the same functions as those ofS. aureus.S. lugdunensisIsdB is the only hemoglobin receptor within theisdlocus. It specifically binds human hemoglobin with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 23 nM and transfers heme on IsdC. IsdB expression promotes bacterial growth in an iron-limited medium containing human hemoglobin but not mouse hemoglobin. This correlates with weak binding of IsdB to mouse hemoglobinin vitro. Unlike IsdB and IsdC, the proteins IsdJ and IsdK are not sorted to the cell wall inS. lugdunensis. In contrast, IsdJ expressed inS. aureusandLactococcus lactisis anchored to peptidoglycan, suggesting thatS. lugdunensissortases may differ in signal recognition or could be defective. IsdJ and IsdK are present in the culture supernatant, suggesting that they could acquire heme from the external milieu. The IsdA protein ofS. aureusprotects bacteria from bactericidal lipids due to its hydrophilic C-terminal domain. IsdJ has a similar region and protectedS. aureusandL. lactisas efficiently as IsdA but, possibly due to its location, was less effective in its natural host.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Slack, Christopher J., Brian E. McLaughlin, James F. Brien, Gerald S. Marks, and Kanji Nakatsu. "Biotransformation of glyceryl trinitrate and isosorbide dinitrate in vascular smooth muscle made tolerant to organic nitrates." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-221.

Full text

Abstract:

It has been proposed that organic nitrates are prodrugs and biotransformation to a pharmacologically active metabolite (i.e., nitric oxide) must occur before the onset of vasodilation. If this postulated mechanism is correct, tolerance to organic nitrate-induced vasodilation might involve decreased biotransformation of organic nitrates by vascular smooth muscle. In this study, biotransformation of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was estimated by measuring isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) and glyceryl dinitrate (GDN), respectively, rather than the nitrate anion, because of a more sensitive method for measurement of ISMN and GDN. To test this hypothesis, isolated rabbit aortic strips (RAS) were made tolerant in vitro by incubation with 500 μM GTN or ISDN for 1 h. After a washout period and submaximal contraction with phenylephrine, the tissues were incubated with either 2.0 μM [14C]ISDN or 0.5 μM [14C]GTN for 2 min. ISDN- or GTN-induced relaxation of RAS was monitored and tissue parent drug and metabolite contents were determined by thin-layer chromatography and liquid scintillation spectrometry. ISDN- and GTN-induced relaxation of RAS and the metabolite concentrations were significantly less for both GTN- and ISDN-tolerant tissue compared with nontolerant tissue. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that organic nitrate biotransformation is required for organic nitrate-induced vasodilation.Key words: organic nitrates, glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, biotransformation, prodrug, tolerance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Lu, Lu, Xuemin Rao, Rigang Cong, Chenxi Zhang, Zhimei Wang, Jinyi Xu, Genzoh Tanabe, Osamu Muraoka, Xiaoming Wu, and Weijia Xie. "Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nitrate Derivatives of Sauropunol A and B as Potent Vasodilatory Agents." Molecules 24, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030583.

Full text

Abstract:

A group of nitrate derivatives of naturally occurring sauropunol A and B were designed and synthesized. Nitric oxide (NO) releasing capacity and vasodilatory capacity studies were performed to explore the structure-activity relationship of resulted nitrates. Biological evaluation of these compounds revealed that most of the synthesized mononitrate derivatives demonstrated superior releasing capacity than isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN), and 2MNS-6 even demonstrated stronger NO releasing capacity than isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). Two dinitrates, DNS-1 and DNS-2, showed higher NO releasing capacity than ISDN. Evaluation of inhibitory activities to the contractions in mesenteric artery rings revealed that 2MNS-8 and DNS-2 showed stronger vasorelaxation activities than ISDN. High level of NO and soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) may be essential for the potent vasodilatory effect of DNS-2. The vasodilatory effects of DNS-2 may result from cellular signal transduction of NO-sGC-cGMP. DNS-2 was found to be the most potent sauropunol-derived nitrate vasodilatory agent for further pharmaceutical investigation against cardiovascular diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Dallel, Radhouane, Amélie Descheemaeker, and Philippe Luccarini. "Recurrent administration of the nitric oxide donor, isosorbide dinitrate, induces a persistent cephalic cutaneous hypersensitivity: A model for migraine progression." Cephalalgia 38, no. 4 (May 31, 2017): 776–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417714032.

Full text

Abstract:

Background A subgroup of migraineurs experience an increase in attack frequency leading to chronic migraine. Methods We assessed in rats the roles of dose and repeat administration of systemic isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), a nitric oxide donor, on the occurrence and development of cephalic/face and extracephalic/hindpaw mechanical allodynia as a surrogate of migraine pain, and the effect of acute systemic sumatriptan and olcegepant and chronic systemic propranolol on these behavioral changes. Results A single high (H-ISDN) but not low (L-ISDN) dose of ISDN induces a reversible cephalic and extracephalic mechanical allodynia. However, with repeat administration, L-ISDN produces reversible cephalic but never extracephalic allodynia, whereas H-ISDN induces cephalic and extracephalic allodynia that are both potentiated. H-ISDN-induced cephalic allodynia thus gains persistency. Sumatriptan and olcegepant block single H-ISDN-induced behavioral changes, but only olcegepant reduces these acute changes when potentiated by repeat administration. Neither sumatriptan nor olcegepant prevent chronic cephalic hypersensitivity. Conversely, propranolol blocks repeat H-ISDN-induced chronic, but not acute, behavioral changes. Conclusions Repeated ISDN administration appears to be a naturalistic rat model for migraine progression, suitable for screening acute and preventive migraine therapies. It suggests frequent and severe migraine attacks associated with allodynia may be a risk factor for disease progression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Lai, Vincent S., and Jan Guynes Clark. "Network Evolution towards ISDN Services: A Management Perspective." Journal of Information Technology 13, no. 1 (March 1998): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629801300105.

Full text

Abstract:

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) has been recognized by technologists as a major step in the evolution of public network architecture. However, a large percentage of network users do not recognize any bottom line improvements that can result from ISDN nor do they know how to exploit the benefits of the technology. This study evaluates and summarizes the ISDN implementation experiences of nine organizations that are currently using ISDN. Along with their experiences, the study also investigated potential problems and critical success factors associated with ISDN implementation. Understanding these critical issues provides IS management with new insight, enabling them to strategically expedite their ISDN implementation and diffusion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Zhan, Xiaoping, Zhenmin Mao, Sijing Chen, Shaoxiong Chen, and Liqun Wang. "Formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug-delivery system of isosorbide dinitrate." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 51, no. 2 (June 2015): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502015000200015.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>The purpose of this study was to develop a reservoir-type transdermal delivery system for isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). The developed patch consisted of five layers from bottom to top, namely, a temporary liner, an adhesive layer, a rate-controlling membrane, a reservoir and a backing. The effects of chemical penetration enhancers, reservoir materials and rate-controlling membranes on the release behaviour of ISDN from the transdermal patch were studied, and the<italic> in vitro</italic> release of ISDN from the developed patch was studied and compared with the commercially available ISDN patch. The results showed that there was no significant difference in permeation rates between the developed reservoir-type patch and the commercially available ISDN patch (<italic>p</italic>> 0.05). Moreover, the cumulative release ratio of the commercially available ISDN patch in 48 h was up to 89.8%, whereas the developed patch was only 34.9%, which meant the sustained release time of the developed patch was much longer than the commercially available ISDN patch, and would promote the satisfaction of the patient.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Slack, Christopher J., Brian E. McLaughlin, Kanji Nakatsu, Gerald S. Marks, and James F. Brien. "Nitric oxide-induced vasodilation of organic nitrate-tolerant rabbit aorta." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-220.

Full text

Abstract:

It is postulated that the organic nitrate vasodilator agents, including glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), are prodrugs, such that biotransformation to the active inorganic metabolite, nitric oxide (NO), occurs prior to the onset of vasodilation. Furthermore, it is proposed that organic nitrate tolerance in vascular tissue involves decreased formation of NO. To test this latter hypothesis, we examined vasodilation induced by NO, GTN, and ISDN in non-tolerant, GTN-tolerant, and ISDN-tolerant rabbit aortic rings (RARs). Isolated RARs were contracted submaximally with phenylephrine; the time of onset of relaxation and percent relaxation of tissue were determined in response to NO (0.3 μM), GTN (0.03 μM), and ISDN (0.12 μM) before and after a 1-h treatment with 500 μM GTN, 500 μM ISDN, or buffer only. The data demonstrated that the response to NO was not changed in GTN-tolerant and ISDN-tolerant tissues, in which there was virtually no GTN-induced or ISDN-induced relaxation. These results are consistent with the postulate that organic nitrate vasodilator drugs must undergo biotransformation to NO before vasodilation can occur and that the mechanism of organic nitrate tolerance involves decreased formation of NO.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Fogliardi, Roberto, Enrico Frumento, David Rincón, Miguel ángel Viñas, and Mario Fregonara. "Telecardiology: Results and perspectives of an operative experience." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 6, no. 1_suppl (February 2000): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633001934537.

Full text

Abstract:

A telecardiology system has been established between six Italian hospitals. Four of them are connected using three ISDN lines; the remaining two are connected with only a single ISDN line. The telecardiology system was evaluated between two hospitals. Radiographs showing the heart movements of 10 patients were digitized and forwarded to the specialist hospital for expert opinion. The transfer time of a single patient sequence ranged from 6 h 40 min to 22 h 15 min using a single ISDN line at 128 kbit/s. The transfer time decreased considerably using three ISDN lines. Following data transfer, a joint consultation was organized between the cardiologists in realtime. Realtime telecardiology using three ISDN lines was clinically viable and more efficient than the traditional method of delivering this type of specialist care.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Pitcher, Joe. "ISDN." Telecommunications Policy 13, no. 4 (December 1989): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(89)90031-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Handel, R. "Evolution of ISDN towards broadband ISDN." IEEE Network 3, no. 1 (January 1989): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/65.20534.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Fujii, Satoshi, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Tetsuhiko Yoshimura, and Hitoshi Kamada. "In vivo three-dimensional EPR imaging of nitric oxide production from isosorbide dinitrate in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 274, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): G857—G862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.274.5.g857.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging have been widely used to investigate free radical distribution and metabolism in tissues, organs, and whole body of small animals. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is an attractive target of this method. In the present study, NO production from a nitrovasodilator, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), in live mice was investigated by in vivo EPR spectroscopy and imaging combined with the spin-trapping technique. A highly water-soluble Fe complex with N-(dithiocarboxy)sarcosine (DTCS) was used as an NO-trapping agent. Mice received [14N]ISDN, and the Fe-DTCS complex subcutaneously exhibited the characteristic triplet EPR signal of the NO adduct [14NO-Fe(DTCS)2]2−. Using [15N]ISDN instead of [14N]ISDN, we were able to observe that the doublet EPR signal stemmed from the15NO adduct, which directly demonstrated that NO was produced from ISDN. The three-dimensional EPR images of the upper abdomen of living mice showed that the NO adducts were distributed in the liver and the kidneys. This EPR image combined with the ex vivo EPR measurements of the blood suggested that NO production from ISDN occurred in the liver in this experimental condition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Fathei, Marzieh, Mitra Alami-milani, Sara Salatin, Sharahm Sattari, Hassan Montazam, Farhad Fekrat, and Mitra Jelvehgari. "Fast Dissolving Sublingual Strips: A Novel Approach for the Delivery of Isosorbide Dinitrate." Pharmaceutical Sciences 25, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ps.2019.34.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) is used for treating the angina attacks. In addition, oral ISDN is available in immediate and sustained release formulations and the bioavailability of ISDN is about 20-25% when taken orally. Further, the ISDN films are developed for sublingual drug delivery by improving drug bioavailability. The present study aimed to design and evaluate the physicochemical properties of the film formulation for sublingual delivery of ISDN. Methods: In the present study, sublingual films were prepared by the solvent casting technique using the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymers (i.e., 100, 150 and 200 mg) with a different drug to polymer ratios (i.e., 1:5, 1:7.5 and 1:10). Then, ISDN was evaluated for the film appearance, drug content, surface pH, mucoadhesion force, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro drug release, and ex vivo permeability. Results: Based on the results, F3 formulation (1:10 ISDN to HPMC ratio) showed acceptable thickness (0.93 mm), weight (11.14 mg), surface pH (7.82), moisture absorption capacity (6.08%), elasticity (>200), mucoadhesion force (18.05 N/cm2), and drug content (6.22%). Furthermore, the results demonstrated that HPMC polymer improved the characteristics of the films, modified the bioadhesiveness, and finally, enhanced elasticity. However, DSC thermogram failed to show any crystalline drug substance in the films except for F1 (immediate release) and the endothermic peak of ISDN was absent in F2 and F3 films. Therefore, the drug which was entrapped into the film was in an amorphous or disturbed-crystalline phase of the molecular dispersion or dissolved in the melted polymer in the polymeric matrix. Moreover, the drug release from the films was faster compared to the tablet® (P<0.05). Conclusion: In general, the formulation of F1 was observed to be an appropriate candidate for developing the sublingual film for the remedial use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Tominaga, Hideyoshi. "Broadband ISDN. Trend of studies broadband ISDN." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 43, no. 3 (1989): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.43.223.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Yamamoto, Hideo. "Broadband ISDN. Video codings for broadband ISDN." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 43, no. 3 (1989): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.43.242.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Kingsnorth, Andrew, Adrian Vranch, and James Campbell. "Training for surgeons using digital satellite television and videoconferencing." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 6, no. 1_suppl (February 2000): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633001934942.

Full text

Abstract:

The TETRASUR project (TELematics TRAining for SURgeons) has investigated the effectiveness of distance-learning technologies in the delivery of training for doctors who are studying for membership of the Royal College of Surgeons. Digital satellite television receivers and ISDN videoconferencing equipment have been installed in hospitals to deliver the course modules, including a series of live television programmes transmitted by satellite. ISDN videoconferencing was integrated, live, into the satellite broadcasts to bring in guest lecturers and for interactive discussions with the trainee doctors. Videoconferencing was also used for seminars and discussion groups. These methods proved to be effective and popular with the doctors, although there was some dissatisfaction with the visual quality of the ISDN videoconferencing at 128 kbit/s. Efforts are now being made to improve the quality of the video feed from remote sites using ISDN at 384 kbit/s.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita, Stepvia Stepvia, and Yusuf Ari Mashuri. "Utilization of Standard Therapy and Adjunctive Isosorbide Dinitrate Pump with Clinical Outcomes in Acute Heart Failure Patients." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (April 15, 2022): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9376.

Full text

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Acute heart failure is a life-threatening medical condition. Thus, effective therapy is very important for this case. Utilization of standard therapy and adjunctive isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) pump play an important role in reducing mortality, length of hospitalization, and national early warning score – NEWS 2. However, the research on the utilization of the ISDN pump as adjunctive therapy is still limited. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the association between utilization of standard therapy and adjunctive ISDN pump with clinical outcomes (mortality, length of hospitalization, and NEWS 2) in patients with acute heart failure. METHODS: This was a cohort retrospective observational study. The purposive sampling technique was utilized to select the acute heart failure patients in UNS Sukoharjo Hospital. All the data were obtained from medical records. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 94 patients were included as the samples. There was a significant association between the utilization of standard therapy (OR=7.9; CI 95%= 3.1–20.4; p < 0.001) or ISDN pump (OR=0.3; CI 95%= 0.1–0.7; p < 0.001) with the length of hospitalization. However, there was no significant association between the utilization of standard therapy (OR=1.1; CI 95%= 0.2–6.6; p = 0.9) and ISDN pump (OR=0.2; CI 95%= 0.02–1.6; p = 0.1) with NEWS 2 on patients with acute heart failure. CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between the utilization of standard therapy and ISDN pump with the length of hospitalization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Jia, Yongliang, Cong Chen, Choi-San Ng, and Siu-Wai Leung. "Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Efficacy of Di’ao Xinxuekang Capsule and Isosorbide Dinitrate in Treating Angina Pectoris." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/904147.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on di’ao xinxuekang capsule (XXK) in treating angina pectoris were published only in Chinese and have not been systematically reviewed particularly for comparing XXK with isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). This study aims to provide a comprehensive PRISMA compliant and internationally accessible systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacies of XXK and ISDN in treating angina pectoris.Methods. The RCTs published between 1989 and 2011 on XXK and ISDN in treating angina pectoris were selected according to specific criteria. Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the symptomatic (SYMPTOMS) and electrocardiographic (ECG) improvements after treatment. Odds ratios (OR) were used to measure effect sizes. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and metaregression were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results.Results. Seven RCTs with 550 participants were eligible. Overall ORs for comparing XXK with ISDN were 4.11 (95% CI : 2.57, 6.55) in SYMPTOMS and 2.37 (95% CI : 1.46, 3.84) in ECG. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and metaregression found no significant dependence of overall ORs upon specific study characteristics.Conclusion. The meta-analysis of eligible but limited RCTs demonstrates that XXK seems to be more effective than ISDN in treating angina pectoris. Further RCTs of high quality are warranted to be conducted for update of the results of this meta-analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Kano, S., K. Kitami, and M. Kawarasaki. "ISDN standardization." Proceedings of the IEEE 79, no. 2 (1991): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.64401.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Eigen, Daryl J. "ISDN architecture." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 15, no. 4 (September 1985): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/318951.319054.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Fisher, D., P. Maynard, and S. Alexander. "Broadband ISDN." Computer Communications 11, no. 4 (August 1988): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(88)90080-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Hunt, Ray. "ISDN technology." Computer Communications 18, no. 1 (January 1995): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(95)90079-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Domann, G. H. "B-ISDN." Journal of Lightwave Technology 6, no. 11 (1988): 1720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.9989.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Takebayashi, T. "Personalizing ISDN." IEEE Communications Magazine 30, no. 8 (August 1992): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.149610.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Roca, Richard T. "ISDN Architecture." AT&T Technical Journal 65, no. 1 (January 2, 1986): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1986.tb00053.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Shimamura, Kazunori, and Hiroshi Yasuda. "Broadband ISDN. Efforts for nation-wide broadband ISDN." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 43, no. 3 (1989): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.43.230.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Mitic, Dragan, Vladimir Matic, Aleksandar Lebl, Mihailo Stanic, and Zarko Markov. "Centralized detection of pre-alarm state in telephone network of electric power utility." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 29, no. 2 (2016): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1602297m.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper we consider the mixed telephone network of electric power utility consisting of IP, ISDN and Power Line Carrier links. Very important demand in the network is high availability. The central detector of IP and ISDN link failure (pre-alarm) is presented. The detector function is based on the prolonged response time of the network in the case of IP and ISDN link failure. We define undesirable events in the detector operation: false pre-alarm and miss detection, and we derive the expressions for their probability calculation. It is indicated that centralization of this detector is merit, which facilitates testing of the whole network from one location.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Petri, B., and D. Schwetje. "Narrowband ISDN and broadband ISDN service and network interworking." IEEE Communications Magazine 34, no. 6 (June 1996): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.506813.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Yamazaki, Tatsuro, Yuichi Saito, Hideki Kitahara, and Yoshio Kobayashi. "Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Frame Count for Coronary Blood Flow Evaluation during Interventional Diagnostic Procedures." Medicina 59, no. 12 (December 15, 2023): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122185.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and Objectives: An interventional diagnostic procedure (IDP), including intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) provocation and coronary physiological testing, is recommended as an invasive diagnostic standard for patients suspected of ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA). Recent guidelines suggest Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction frame count (TFC) as an alternative to wire-based coronary physiological indices for diagnosing coronary microvascular dysfunction. We evaluated trajectories of TFC during IDP and the impact of ACh provocation on TFC. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study. Patients who underwent IDP to diagnose INOCA were included and divided into two groups according to the positive or negative ACh provocation test. Wire-based invasive physiological assessment was preceded by ACh provocation tests and intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). We evaluated TFC at three different time points during IDP; pre-ACh, post-ISDN, and post-hyperemia. Results: Of 104 patients, 58 (55.8%) had positive ACh provocation test. In the positive ACh group, resting mean transit time (Tmn) and baseline resistance index were significantly higher than in the negative ACh group. Post-ISDN TFC was significantly correlated with resting Tmn (r = 0.31, p = 0.002). Absolute TFC values were highest at pre-ACh, followed by post-ISDN and post-hyperemia in both groups. All between-time point differences in TFC were statistically significant in both groups, except for the change from pre-ACh to post-ISDN in the positive ACh group. Conclusions: In patients suspected of INOCA, TFC was modestly correlated with Tmn, a surrogate of coronary blood flow. The positive ACh provocation test influenced coronary blood flow assessment during IDP.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Nguyen Duc and Eng Chew. "ISDN protocol architecture." IEEE Communications Magazine 23, no. 3 (March 1985): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.1985.1092528.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

McDonald, J. "Constraints shaping ISDN." IEEE Communications Magazine 24, no. 3 (March 1986): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.1986.1093027.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Gifford, W. "ISDN performance tradeoffs." IEEE Communications Magazine 25, no. 12 (December 1987): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.1987.1093515.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Anderson, C. "ISDN market opportunity." IEEE Communications Magazine 25, no. 12 (December 1987): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.1987.1093516.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Becker, Ralph. "All about ISDN." IETE Journal of Education 40, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09747338.1999.11415694.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

E. C. "ISDN: Betting Billions." Scientific American 258, no. 5 (May 1988): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0588-30b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Wu, W. W., and A. Livne. "ISDN: a snapshot." Proceedings of the IEEE 79, no. 2 (1991): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.64399.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Su, D. H., and L. A. Collica. "ISDN conformance testing." Proceedings of the IEEE 79, no. 2 (1991): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.64406.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Kovaevi, Ferdinand. "PC-ISDN interface." Microprocessors and Microsystems 21, no. 9 (April 1998): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-9331(98)00031-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Brown, Howard. "British Telecom's ISDN." Computer Communications 11, no. 4 (August 1988): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(88)90078-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Akselsen, S., A. K. Eidsvik, and T. Folkow. "Telemedicine and ISDN." IEEE Communications Magazine 31, no. 1 (January 1993): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.180073.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sutherland, S. L., and J. Burgin. "B-ISDN internetworking." IEEE Communications Magazine 31, no. 8 (August 1993): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.229537.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Kovarik, K. D., and P. Maveddat. "Multi-rate ISDN." IEEE Communications Magazine 32, no. 4 (April 1994): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.275335.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Mathur, M. N. "ISDN an Overview." IETE Technical Review 5, no. 3 (March 1988): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1988.11438247.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

van der Staal, Peter, Volker Grassmuck, and Keiko Hatta. "ISDN in Japan." Telecommunications Policy 19, no. 7 (October 1995): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(95)00030-a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Aldermeshlan, Hrair. "ISDN Standards Evolution." AT&T Technical Journal 65, no. 1 (January 2, 1986): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1986.tb00054.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Crouch, Paul E., J. Ai Hicks, and John J. Jetzt. "ISDN Personal Video." AT&T Technical Journal 72, no. 1 (January 2, 1993): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1993.tb00520.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Van Till, Jaap. "The A-ISDN proposal to bridge “personal computers” and “ISDN”." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 17, no. 2 (July 1989): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(89)90007-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!