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Academic literature on the topic 'Ischemia miocardica'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ischemia miocardica"
Locci, Giorgio. "Ipertensione Arteriosa da Anti VEGF: un problema da gestire." Cardiologia Ambulatoriale, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17473/1971-6818-2020-3-8.
Full textAversa, Antonio. "Relazione tra disfunzione erettile e ischemia miocardica silente in pazienti diabetici: studio angiografico coronarico mediante tomografia assiale computerizzata multistrato." L'Endocrinologo 17, no. 6 (December 2016): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-016-0248-0.
Full textNapoli, C., F. Di Gregorio, P. Sorice, M. Leccese, L. Mansi, and A. Liguori. "Ischemia Miocardica e Rilascio di Ormoni Vasoconstrittori Nell'ipertensione Associate ad Insufficienza Renale Cronica: Possibile Ruolo Della Malattia Coronarica Dei Piccoli Vasi." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.1998.1717.
Full textNapoli, C., F. Di Gregorio, P. Sorice, M. Leccese, L. Mansi, and A. Liguori. "Ischemia Miocardica e Rilascio di Ormoni Vasoconstrittori Nell'ipertensione Associate ad Insufficienza Renale Cronica: Possibile Ruolo Della Malattia Coronarica Dei Piccoli Vasi." Giornale di Tecniche Nefrologiche e Dialitiche 10, no. 1 (January 1998): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039493629801000103.
Full textSevrukevitch, V. V., and F. I. Vismont. "CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMBINED APPLICATION OF REMOTE ISCHEMIC PRE- AND POST-CONDITIONING IN RATS IN CASE OF MIOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION." Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks 4, no. 2 (2020): 1045–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51922/2616-633x.2020.4.2.1045.
Full textSparacia, G., R. Lagalla, M. De Maria, and A. E. Cardinale. "La risonanza magnetica funzionale nello studio dell'ischemia cerebrale in fase iperacuta." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 9, no. 5 (October 1996): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099600900504.
Full textFimiani, Luigi, Giuseppe Andò, and Marta Belmonte. "Gestione della terapia antitrombotica dopo angioplastica coronarica nei pazienti complessi." CARDIOLOGIA AMBULATORIALE 30, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17473/1971-6818-2021-2-2.
Full textFimiani, Luigi, Giuseppe Andò, and Marta Belmonte. "Gestione della terapia antitrombotica dopo angioplastica coronarica nei pazienti complessi." CARDIOLOGIA AMBULATORIALE 30, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17473/1971-6818-2021-2-2.
Full textBĂTĂILĂ, Vlad, Aura VÎJÎIAC, Lucian CÂLMÂC, and Maria DOROBANŢU. "Kounis syndrome – an unusual etiology of acute myocardial infarction." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2015.3.15.
Full textAleksandrov, An, I. Bondarenko, S. Kukharenko, M. Yadrichinskaya, and I. Dedov. "Glimepiride and miocardial ischemia in diabetes mellitus Type 2." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 13, Supplement 1 (May 2006): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00149831-200605001-00161.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Ischemia miocardica"
Silveira, Filho Lindemberg da Mota 1972. "Associação do trimetazidine a diferentes metodos de proteção miocardica : estudo experimental em porcos." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311701.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T23:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilveiraFilho_LindembergdaMota_M.pdf: 22765856 bytes, checksum: 1ca4bc9b50a4a81b4aff9a1c376e5d98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Introdução: A administração de diferentes agentes associados à cardioplegia tem sido realizada desde o surgimento da proteção miocárdica em Cirurgia Cardíaca. Qualquer medicamento que promova uma melhora na capacidade do coração operado resistir à isquemia, que se traduza em melhora hemodinâmica e de sobrevida, pode ter sua associação à cardioplegia justificada. O agente de manejo metabólico trimetazidine (TMZ), utilizado na prática clínica como agente anti-isquêmico, tem sido usado em pacientes cirúrgicos esporadicamente, não havendo comprovação de sua eficácia quando apenas associado à solução cardioplégica. Objetivo: Verificar em modelo experimental de coração isolado de suínos se a associação do trimetazidine à solução cardioplégica promove melhora no desempenho do coração Material e métodos: O modelo experimental utilizou suínos Large-White, com coração isolado perfundido por suporte de outro animal em modo de execução de trabalho ("working heart state"). Foram divididos em três grupos (n = 6), submetidos a isquemia regional seguido de isquemia global, que recebiam um dos três tratamentos: Solução St Thomas (ST), solução St Thomas acrescida de trimetazidine (TMZ) e grupo controle (Co). Durante período de reperfusão aos 30, 60 e 90 minutos foram medidos parâmetros hemodinâmicos de contratilidade e metabólicos, obtendo-se assim a elastância máxima (Emáx), o índice de trabalho sistólico pré-recrutável (PRSW), "dureza" do ventrículo (EDPRV), fluxo coronariano, consumo de oxigênio e dosagens de lactato e glicose. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente Resultados: Em relação aos parâmetros hemodinâmicos de contratilidade não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos. Houve produção crescente de lactato nos três grupos quanto maior o tempo de reperfusão de forma uniforme. O fluxo coronariano, o consumo de oxigênio e o consumo de glicose tiveram grande variação entre os diferentes tempos medidos mas sem diferença entre os três tratamentos. O peso final do ventrículo esquerdo foi significativamente menor no grupo trimetazidine (TMZ) que nos demais. Conclusão: A administração aguda do trimetazidine, associada simplesmente como adjuvante à solução cardioplégica não demonstrou benefício hemodinâmico ou metabólico em modelo experimental de coração isolado em porcos. Palavras-chave: Trimetazidine, coração isolado, solução cardioplégica
Abstract: Introduction: Many drugs have usually been associated to cardioplegia since beggining of myocardial protection in Cardiac Surgery in order to improve surgical outcome. Any medicine able to induce resistance to ischemia and better hemodinamic effects and survival may have its utilization justified. Trimetazidine is an agent currently available as anti-ischemic medicine for anginal symptoms acting by protective metabolic effects Its role to be used in heart surgical patients as an adjuvant to cardioplegia is yet not fully comprehended. Objective: Verify in an isolated working heart state animal model if the association of trimetazidine to cardioplegia improves heart performance. Materials and method: Swines were used in this working heart model. They were divided in three grups (n = 6) that underwent regional and global ischemia. Each group was selected to a different treatment. St Thomas Cardioplegia (ST), St Thomas associated to trimetazidine (TMZ) and control group (Co). Data was collected during reperfusion period at 30, 60 and 90 minutes and were measured: Hemodinamic parameters such as elastance contractility index (Emáx), preload recruitable stroke work relationship (PRSW) and heart "stiffness" (EDPRV). Other data included coronary flow, oxygen and glucose consumption and lactate. Results were statistically analysed. Results: All contractility data were not significantly different among three groups. Lactate became constantly higher according to time uniformly in all three groups Coronary flow, glucose consumption and oxygen consumption presented large variations during time periods but according to treatments showed no statistical differences in all three groups. Left ventricle final weight was significantly lower in trimetazidine group compared to both other groups. Conclusion: Acute administration of trimetazidine associated to cardioplegia as an adjuvant showed no hemodinamic or metabolic improvement in an isolated working heart experimental model in swines. Key-words: Trimetazidine; isolated working heart model; cardioplegia
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
GRILLO, ANDREA. "Non-invasive evaluation of myocardial supply-demand balance from the analysis of pulse waveform: from validation to clinical application." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241149.
Full textThe evaluation of the balance between oxygen supply and demand in the myocardium is useful for predicting and diagnosing myocardial ischemia and type-2 myocardial infarction, conditions that represent a growing part of the health burden of cardiovascular disease, and whose incidence is rapidly increasing due to an ageing population. In its original assessment by invasive registrations, this balance is calculated as the ratio between the oxygen supply, defined as the area between the aortic and left ventricular pressures during diastole (diastolic pressure-time index), and the oxygen consumption, defined as the area under the pressure curve during systole (systolic pressure-time index). This ratio is called SEVR (Subendocardial Viability Ratio) and may also be calculated from the analysis of the non-invasively determined central pressure wave obtained by carotid arterial tonometry, by dividing areas between the diastolic and systolic pressure curves. The conventional non-invasive assessment of SEVR by arterial tonometry is affected by some methodological limitations, that are the exclusion from the calculation of isovolumetric systolic time in the systolic pressure-time index and the exclusion of left ventricular diastolic pressure from diastolic pressure-time index. Moreover, the calibration of central pressure wave derived from carotid tonometry can be affected by the way of calculating mean arterial pressure from brachial cuff blood pressure, which is necessary for scaling the central waveform. This thesis presents a series of studies conducted to overcome the limitations mentioned above, in order to elaborate a corrected form of the SEVR and to validate it against its invasive counterpart and as a clinical predictor. A methodology to reliably calculate the systolic-time intervals (isovolumetric ejection time and pre-ejection period) from ECG-gated arterial tonometry performed at the carotid and femoral levels, is presented and applied in subjects with or without cardiovascular disease. The issue of calculation of mean arterial pressure from brachial cuff blood pressure was then addressed, as a considerable interindividual and intraindividual variability in brachial pressure form-factor was evidenced in general population of different ages and in hypertensive patients. The best approach for calibration of non-invasive central blood pressure waveform resides in the integration of pressure waveforms, or, when not applicable, in the use of an appropriate algorithm for calculation of brachial form factor. A good correlation of the invasively determined SEVR, in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, was then demonstrated with the new non-invasive SEVR calculated by arterial tonometry and corrected by considering systolic time intervals and the left ventricular diastolic pressure. An equation for the estimation of left ventricular diastolic pressure was derived from non-invasive parameters of arterial tonometry and the invasive data. The new SEVR was finally applied in the PARTAGE cohort, a large population study of individuals 80 years of age and older living in nursing homes. SEVR was found to be an independent predictor of total mortality in the elderly subjects. A threshold value for SEVR of 100 may be considered in this population. In summary, a new formulation of an index (SEVR) for the evaluation of myocardial supply-demand balance from non-invasive arterial tonometry was created and clinically validated.
Vitali, Francesca <1979>. "Valutazione del danno miocardico nel neonato con encefalopatia ipossico-ischemica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7518/1/vitali_francesca_tesi.pdf.
Full textBackground. Perinatal asphyxia is commonly associated with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and cardiovascular dysfunction. Therapeutic hypothermia has become standard treatment for moderate and severe neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy to reduce cerebral morbidity and mortality. The effect on the heart is incompletely explored. Aim. To assess myocardial performance of infants with perinatal asphyxia using traditional and DTI echocardiographycs technique; evaluation of early and long-term myocardial outcome. Study design. Fifteen infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy were enrolled in the study: seven infants with moderate-severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy cooled for 72 hours (group1); eight normothermic infants with mild hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (group2). Biomarkers serum concentrations (CPK,TroponinT, PRO-BNP) were measured at 6, 12 , 24 h of life and on the seven day of life. ECG and echocardiographies (traditional and TDI mesaurements) were done in the first 6 h of life, at 36h, on day 7, at 12 month. In the cooled infants were done also on day 4, at 1, 6 and 18 month. Results. All sieric biomarkers were always higher in the group1 than group2. All functional myocardial indices (ventricular output, TAPSE, systolic velocity (Sm), early diastolic velocity (Em), late diastolic velocity (Am)) were lower for both ventricles in the first hours after hypoxic insult in the group1. Moreover we have also found that mitral E/Em ratio and Em/Am ratio were lower in the group 1 on day 7. Conclusion. The DTI technique appears more sensitive than traditional echocardiography to the subtle changes in cardiac performance that occur after perinatal asphyxia. In particular these value were lower for more time that conventional parameters. Moreover, in cooled infants with moderate-severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, it may be important examinated myocardial function at least for a few days after rewarming.
Vitali, Francesca <1979>. "Valutazione del danno miocardico nel neonato con encefalopatia ipossico-ischemica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7518/.
Full textBackground. Perinatal asphyxia is commonly associated with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and cardiovascular dysfunction. Therapeutic hypothermia has become standard treatment for moderate and severe neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy to reduce cerebral morbidity and mortality. The effect on the heart is incompletely explored. Aim. To assess myocardial performance of infants with perinatal asphyxia using traditional and DTI echocardiographycs technique; evaluation of early and long-term myocardial outcome. Study design. Fifteen infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy were enrolled in the study: seven infants with moderate-severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy cooled for 72 hours (group1); eight normothermic infants with mild hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (group2). Biomarkers serum concentrations (CPK,TroponinT, PRO-BNP) were measured at 6, 12 , 24 h of life and on the seven day of life. ECG and echocardiographies (traditional and TDI mesaurements) were done in the first 6 h of life, at 36h, on day 7, at 12 month. In the cooled infants were done also on day 4, at 1, 6 and 18 month. Results. All sieric biomarkers were always higher in the group1 than group2. All functional myocardial indices (ventricular output, TAPSE, systolic velocity (Sm), early diastolic velocity (Em), late diastolic velocity (Am)) were lower for both ventricles in the first hours after hypoxic insult in the group1. Moreover we have also found that mitral E/Em ratio and Em/Am ratio were lower in the group 1 on day 7. Conclusion. The DTI technique appears more sensitive than traditional echocardiography to the subtle changes in cardiac performance that occur after perinatal asphyxia. In particular these value were lower for more time that conventional parameters. Moreover, in cooled infants with moderate-severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, it may be important examinated myocardial function at least for a few days after rewarming.
Favaretto, Enrico. "Effect and Role of Post-conditioning During Coronary Angioplasty in Patients Affected by ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422482.
Full textRazionale dello studio La terapia riperfusiva è la via principale per il trattamento di pazienti che si presentino con infarto miocardico con sopraslivellamento del tratto ST (ST-elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI). Tuttavia, la riperfusione di per sé può esacerbare il danno miocardico, un processo denominato “danno da riperfusione”. Il post-conditioning (PostC) é un processo che sembra possa ridurre il danno miocardico da riperfusione durante angioplastica primaria (primary percutaneous coronary intervention, PPCI), ciò nonostante l’esperienza clinical è limitata. Scopo dello studio Presentare e discutere tutte le strategie note in grado di limitare il danno riperfusivo; inoltre, valutare gli effetti cardioprotettivi del postconditioning ischemico meccanico mediante un trial clinico controllato randomizzato arruolante pazienti con STEMI e inviati a PPCI, con endpoint primario le dimensioni dell’infarto (infarct size, IS) finale alla risonanza magnetica cardiaca (cardiac magnetic resonance, CMR). Metodi Un totale di 78 pazienti con primo STEMI (età 59±12 anni) inviati per PPCI, sono stati stratificati per sede dello STEMI e successivamente randomizzati a PPCI convenzionale o PPCI con PostC. Tutti i pazienti, con arteria responsabile dell’infarto occlusa e assenza di circolo collaterale, hanno ricevuto abciximab endovena prima della PPCI. Successivamente alla riperfusione, avvenuta con tecnica direct stenting, i soggetti di controllo non sono stati sottoposti ad ulteriori interventi, mentre i soggetti nel gruppo PostC hanno rivevuto, entro un minuto dalla riperfusione, 4 cicli di 1 minuto di rigonfiaggio e 1 minuto di sgonfiaggio del pallone usato per l’angioplastica. L’endpoint primario oggetto dello studio, la riduzione dell’IS finale, veniva espresso come percentuale della massa ventricolare sinistra affetta, come possibile riconoscere ad una CMR con mezzo di contrasto eseguita a 30±10 giorni di distanza dalla procedura di PPCI indice. Risultati Tutte le caratteristiche di base, ad eccezione del diabete (p=0.06), risultavano ben bilanciate tra i gruppi di trattamento. I pazienti nel gruppo postconditioning tendevano ad avere un IS maggiore quando paragonati a quelli sottoposti a PPCI convenzionale (20±12% vs 14±10%, p=0.054). Dopo esclusione dei pazienti diabetici, il gruppo di pazienti PostC sembrava ancora associato ad IS finali di maggiori dimensioni (p=0.116). Gli eventi avversi cardiovascolari maggiori sono risultati essere più frequenti nel gruppo PostC, indipendentemente dal loro status diabetico (p=0.053 e p=0.080, rispettivamente). Conclusioni Questo trial clinico randomizzato prospettico suggerisce che il PostC non ha l’effetto cardioprotettivo atteso e, invece, potrebbe pure nuocere a pazienti affetti da STEMI e sottoposti a PPCI ed infuzione di abciximab. (Numero identificativo unico di registrazione del trial al sito clinicaltrial.gov: NCT01004289).
Warren, Rodríguez Mark. "Electrical impedance of normal and ischemic myocardium. Role on the genesis of ST segment changes and ventricular arrhythmias." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3357.
Full textThe passive electrical properties of cardiac tissue play a major role in determining the propagation of the electrical impulse across the myocardium in both normal and pathologic conditions. Measurement of whole tissue electrical impedance is used to asses the role of the changes in cardiac passive electrical properties in arrhythmogenesis and ST segment changes during myocardial ischemia. Acute ischemia increases both resistivity and phase angle after approximately 30 minutes of coronary occlusion, and both reach plateau values after 1 hour of ischemia. Healed infarcted myocardium is characterized by an approximately 50% lower than normal resistivity and close to zero phase angle value. Furthermore, both variables depict a lack of frequency response in the 1 kHz to 1 MHz range. The peak incidence of phase Ib ventricular arrhythmias temporally coincides with the sharp increase of tissue resistivity and phase angle. Furthermore, myocardial preconditioning delays the maximum slope of the increase of both magnitudes as well as the peak of phase Ib arrhythmias in a parallel manner. In contrast, a rise in tissue resistivity is not accompanied by a decrease in epicardial ST segment elevation. However, the low resistivity of the infarcted tissue is responsible for the enhanced transmission of current pulses applied across the necrotic myocardium, which supports the hypothesis that during periinfarction ischemia the ST segment elevation measured in epicardial electrodes overlying infarcted tissue devoid of viable cells, is by passive electrical transmission of injury currents that are generated in the border of the ischemic and normal tissue. Finally, measurement of myocardial impedance with a contact intracavitary percutaneous catheter permits differentiation of areas of transmural infarction from normal tissue by their particular impedance spectrum.
Govoni, Marco <1977>. "Riparazione del danno ischemico ostruttivo del miocardio mediante cellule staminali mesenchimali sottoposte a stimolazione elettromeccanica in bioreattore." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1698/1/Govoni_Marco_tesi.pdf.
Full textGovoni, Marco <1977>. "Riparazione del danno ischemico ostruttivo del miocardio mediante cellule staminali mesenchimali sottoposte a stimolazione elettromeccanica in bioreattore." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1698/.
Full textAlburquerque, Béjar Juan José. "Terapia combinada con condicionamiento isquémico remoto y tratamiento metabólico para la prevención del daño por reperfusión. Mecanismos implicados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395206.
Full textNowadays, the treatment of choice to reduce acute myocardial ischemic injury is timely reperfusion, mainly by primary percutaneous coronary interventions. However, flow restoration induces an additional myocardial damage, known as reperfusion injury. A wide number of experimental studies have demonstrated that several cardioprotective strategies are able to reduce reperfusion injury, but translation of adjunctive therapies to the clinical arena has been largely disappointing. Nevertheless, some recently published clinical trials have shown encouraging results, especially those related to therapies able to modulate myocardial metabolism or those that promote endogenous cardioprotection, as remote ischemic conditioning (RIC). In order to increase the effectiveness of adjunctive therapies, cardioprotective maneuvers can be combined. Treatment combinations can provide synergistic beneficial effects against myocardial infarction, but also avoid the interference of comorbidities with protection, that can potentially reduce the effects of individual treatments. This PhD thesis investigates whether a combination therapy consisting of drugs modulating myocardial metabolism and RIC have additive effects against reperfusion injury, resulting in reduced infarct size as compared with individual treatments. First, we investigated the effects of RIC, GIK and exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist), alone or in combination, on infarct size and arrhythmia incidence in an in situ pig model of transient coronary occlusion at the left anterior descending coronary artery. Our results demonstrate that combined therapy was more effective limiting reperfusion injury than individual treatments. Subsequently, the mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective actions observed were analyzed in every individual and combined therapy. Our data showed that RIC, GIK and exenatide have different impacts on key cardioprotective pathways. Thereby, RIC markedly reduced oxidative stress, as determined by nitrotyrosination of tissue proteins, whereas GIK shared with exenatide its effects modulating myocardial glucose metabolism, and, in addition, activated the Akt-eNOS axis (RISK pathway). Finally, the last part of this thesis was focussed on studying the possible humoral mechanisms of the RIC maneuver. Thus, blood factors involved in cardioprotection were examined in plasma obtained from pigs submitted to RIC (four short periods of occlusion and reperfusion at the femoral artery). Blood samples were obtained before and after the RIC maneuver, and plasma was extracted and dialysated. Then, plasma dialysates were administered to isolated mice hearts submitted to global ischemia and reperfusion. Infarct size was statistically reduced when post-RIC plasma was given before the global ischemia, but not when it was given at the onset of reperfusion. Moreover, when plasma dialysate was analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, we could observe that glycine concentrations were markedly increased in post-RIC dialysates compared to baseline levels. Additional experiments in isolated hearts were performed by adding strychninne, an inhibitor of glycine receptor, to plasma dialysates. Strychninne was able to abolish the infarct reduction achieved by glycine, when dialysates were administered before global ischemia, suggesting a role for this aminoacid in the cardioprotection elicited by RIC. In summary, results obtained in this work evidence that combined therapy with RIC and GIK or exenatide can be advantageous, as compared with individual treatments, limiting infarct size in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Since these procedures are accessible, inexpensive and have shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials, investigation of this treatment combination in this patients appears warranted. Furthermore, this thesis shows that glycine can be responsible, at least in part, for the cardioprotective effects associated with RIC.
Tejedor, Gascón Sandra. "Development of new advanced therapies to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury during acute myocardial infarction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171487.
Full text[CA] Les intervencions actuals utilitzades en l'àmbit clínic durant l'infart agut de miocardi (IAM) se centren en la revascularització de la zona isquèmica. Entre aquestes estratègies, l'angioplàstia coronària, procediment pel qual s'utilitza un catèter per a desobstruir l'artèria oclosa, és el procés més utilitzat. No obstant això, s'ha descrit que aquest procés (conegut com a reperfusió) desencadena un mal addicional en el miocardi. En conseqüència, la combinació d'aquesta intervenció amb molècules cardioprotectores resulta de gran interés per a tractar de reduir la grandària de l'infart. El present treball proposa dues noves molècules amb potencial cardioprotector en el context del IAM. Com a primera estratègia terapèutica, s'ha proposat l'aportació d'un àcid gras (diDHA) a la zona isquèmica del miocardio abans de la reperfusió per a tractar de reduir l'estrés dels cardiomiocitos i el nombre de cèl·lules mortes abans de la reperfusió. A més, s'han sintetitzat nanoconjugats basats en la unió covalent de diDHA a un esquelet polimèric (àcid poli-L-glutàmic, PGA) amb la finalitat d'incrementar l'estabilitat del diDHA i aconseguir un alliberament controlat de la molècula. Els resultats obtinguts van mostrar que la formulació PGA-diDHA6.4 va ser la més efectiva, mostrant un millor efecte en el precondicionament dels cardiomiocitos abans de la reperfusió en termes de reducció d'apoptosi, generació d'espècies reactives d'oxigen i manteniment de la funció mitocondrial in vitro. A més, el nanoconjugat PGA-diDHA6.4 també va mostrar un modest efecte terapèutic quan es va administrar en models in vivo d'isquèmia-reperfusió en rates i porcs, reduint la grandària final d'infart respecte als grups control. La segona estratègia proposada s'ha centrat en potenciar l'efect terapèutic de vesícules extracelul·lars de xicoteta grandària (SEV o exosomes) que son secretades per cèl·lules mare estromales. Nombrosos estudis han descrit el paper terapèutic de factors paracrinos secretats per les MSC, on s'inclouen tant factors solubles com vesícules extracelul·lars (EV) i, especialment, les SEV. Diverses estratègies, com la modificació genètica o el precondicionament de les MSC, s'han estudiat per augmentar el potencial terapèutic d'aquestes cèl·lules. En aquest treball, es va pensar en la modificació genètica de les MSC amb l'objectiu d'enriquir les SEV en proteïnes d'interés que pogueren potenciar l'efecte terapèutic de les SEV natives. Sobre la base d'estudis previs, on s'ha vist que la oncostatina-M (OSM) podria jugar un paper anti-fibròtic en el context del IAM, es va decidir incorporar aquesta proteïna en la superfície de les SEV derivades de MSC mitjançant la seua fusió amb proteïnes presents de manera natural en la superfície de les SEV, amb l'objectiu de desencadenar una resposta en les cèl·lules diana. La modificació de la seqüència de la OSM i la seua fusió amb la tetraspanina CD81 van permetre carregar de manera efectiva la OSM en la superfície de les SEV, i els resultats preliminars en fibroblastos ventriculars cardíacs van mostrar un efecte funcional respecte als SEV control i els enriquits en CD81, reduint la taxa de proliferació de les cèl·lules en condicions de dejuni, i modificant l'expressió i la secreció de la proteïna telo-Col1α1 en les cèl·lules després de ser estimulades amb TGFβ-1, α-dextran i àcid ascòrbic-L-sulfat, simulant una activació dels fibroblastos in vitro. En resum, dues noves estratègies terapèutiques avançades lliures de cèl·lules han sigut proposades en el present treball, on s'han mostrat resultats preliminars prometedors per a reduir el mal en el miocardi després del IAM en termes de reducció d'apoptosi de cardiomiocitos i d'activació de fibroblastos cardíacs.
[EN] Current therapeutic approaches against acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are focused on myocardial ischemic zone revascularization. The most common strategy is called primary angioplasty, in which a catheter is introduced to unblock the affected artery and restore blood flux, in a process called reperfusion. Nevertheless, an additional injury on cardiac tissue is caused after reperfusion, and the combination of primary angioplasty with the use of cardioprotective molecules has emerged as a potential strategy to reduce cardiac tissue injury. Two new cell-free therapeutic strategies to preconditionate myocardial ischemic area before reperfusion have been proposed to reduce cardiac injury after AMI. The first therapeutic strategy proposed consisted on the input of a free fatty acid (di-docosahexaenoic acid, diDHA) covalently bound to a polymeric backbone (poly-L-glutamic acid, PGA) in order to increase diDHA solubility and stability and modulate its effect on target cells. Results showed that PGA-diDHA6.4 conjugate administration during ischemia protected cardiomyocytes from reperfusion-induced injury, as apoptotic number of cells and oxidative stress was reduced, and mitochondrial function was less affected when compared to untreated cells. In addition to this, PGA-diDHA6.4 also showed therapeutic effects when locally administered in an ischemia-reperfusion in vivo model in rats and pigs, where a modest reduction of area at risk was observed compared to control groups. The second cell-free strategy proposed in this work was focused on enhancing the therapeutic potential of small extracellular vesicles (SEV or exosomes) isolated form mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) conditioned media. Previous studies have described the therapeutic potential of paracrine factors released by MSC, where both soluble factors and vesicular components are included. In particular, SEV have gained special attention. Several stretegies, such as genetic modification or cell preconditioning, have been tested to enhance the MSC therapeutic potential. In this work, it was proposed MSC genetic modification in order to load proteins of interest on SEV and potentiate its native therapeutic potential. Based on previous findings, where it has been described a potential anti-fibrotic role of oncostatin-M (OSM) in AMI context, we decided to incorporate OSM on SEV surface by its fusion to CD81 tetraspanin, a protein naturally loaded on SEV surface, in order to trigger functional effects on target cells. OSM sequence modification was necessary in order to load the protein on SEV surface efficiently, and preliminary data showed that modified OSM-CD81 loaded on SEV had a functional effect on human ventricular cardiac fibroblasts. Concretely, decrease of proliferation rate after starvation and telo-Collagen1α1 location pattern modification was observed after stimulation with a pro-fibrotic cocktail (containing TGFβ-1, α-dextran and ascorbic-L-acid sulphate) in vitro when cells were treated with modified OSM-CD81- SEV compared to ctrl and CD81-loaded SEV treatments. Overall, two new advanced cell-free therapies with preliminary promising results have been proposed in order to reduce myocardial injury after AMI in terms of cardiomyocytes apoptosis reduction and fibrosis mitigation.
Tejedor Gascón, S. (2021). Development of new advanced therapies to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury during acute myocardial infarction [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171487
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