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1
Muysken, J., and A. H. Van Zon. "Employment and Unemployment in the Netherlands, 1960-1984: A Putty-Clay Approach." Recherches économiques de Louvain 53, no. 2 (June 1987): 101–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800083081.
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1. INTRODUCTIONSince the mid-seventies vintage models have played an important role in the analysis of the Dutch economy. Although earlier vintages of these models were of a clay-clay nature, due to technical progress in economic analysis and in estimation methods, more recent vintages are of a putty-clay nature. Examples of the latter are Kuipers and van Zon (1982) and Gelauff, Wennekers and De Jong (1985). We shall further refer to them as KvZ and GWJ, respectively. Our model fits in with this putty-clay tradition. However, before highlighting several features of our model, some general remarks should be made.In the period 1950-1970 employment in the private sector in the Netherlands increased from 3400 to 4130 thousand man-years. It remained at a more or less constant level of 4100 thousand man-years till 1980 and then decreased rapidly to a level of 3800 in 1983, at which it remained for the years 1984 and 1985. Likewise, unemployment increased slowly from 70 thousand man-years in 1970 to 325 thousand man-years in 1980. Then unemployment accelerated towards a level of 800 thousand man-years in 1983, at which it remained for the years 1984 and 1985. The unemployment rate is about 17 % nowadays. Muyskens and Meijers (1985) explain that the earlier developed clay-clay vintage models cannot adequately deal with these turbulent developments in the period 1980-1985.
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Yonker, J. W., and G. W. Bennett. "Evaluation of Baythroid Against the German Cockroach, 1984-1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.450.
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Abstract The residual activity of 2 concentrations of 2 formulations of this synthetic pyrethroid were investigated. Sprays were applied at 1 gal per 1000 ft2 (0.95 ml/232 cm2) using a mechanized spray tower apparatus equipped with a 800 IE nozzle. Two surfaces (232 cm2 panels) were treated: plywood with single coats of latex primer and paint, and particle board with 1 coat each of sanding sealer and varnish. Test insects were confined to the treated surface using 12.7-cm diam plastic rings, lightly greased with a petrolatum/mineral oil mixture. Four replicates of 10 males were run for each treatment/surface combination. Food and water were not provided, and observations were taken regularly to determine speed of activity.
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Thuillier, Gerard, Michel Herse, Dietrich Labs, Paul C. Simon, Didier Gillotay, and Holger Mandel. "Irradiance Observations in Near-UV, Visible and Near Infrared Spectral Bands from Measurements Carried out during ATLAS-1 and EURECA-1 Missions." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 143 (1994): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100024556.
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For the ATLAS and EURECA missions, we have used two identical instruments to measure the absolute solar spectral irradiance from 180 to 3200 nm. These instruments are calibrated by use of a blackbody and a set of lamp standards. The measurements are carried out with 1 nm bandpass up to 800 nm and 20 nm above. The instruments and calibration procedures are described by Thuillier et al. (1981). The platform capability of instruments retrieval after measurements allows a post-flight calibration which is essential for accurate measurements. The main results obtained up to now are:- In the UV, the ATLAS-1 and EURECA-1 solar spectral irradiance are consistent with the SpaceLab 1 data obtained in 1983 (Labs et al. 1987). Figure 1 shows the ATLAS 1 and SL 1 spectra. The origin of the existing differences is presently under investigation.- In the visible domain, our measurements agree with the solar spectrum from Neckel & Labs (1984) within a few percent difference at certain wavelength.- In the IR domain, the preliminary processing shows a spectrum close to the one obtained by Thekaekara (1974).
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Gates, Edward. "Webster’s New World Dictionary." English Today 5, no. 2 (April 1989): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400003990.
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THE THIRD College Edition of Webster's New World Dictionary was published by Simon & Schuster in September 1988. The work contains 170,000 entries and 800 illustrations in 1600 pages. Recent college dictionaries have contained about 150,000 entries. The increase is due in part to the steady proliferation of the vocabulary and in part to competition among the four rivals. The others are American Heritage Dictionary, College Edition (Houghton Mifflin, published in 1982); Random House College Dictionary (1984), and Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (Merriam-Webster, 1983). By comparison, Noah Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language, published in 1828, contained 70,000 words. The college dictionary is one of a family of New World dictionaries that have sold more than 80 million copies since 1951.
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Whittle, Kevin J., Peter R. Mackie, and Harry K. Davis. "Shellfish tainting – a means of monitoring petroleum-contaminated effluents." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 103 (1995): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005972.
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SynopsisWater from the separation plant at Sullom Voe is discharged into the sea under agreed conditions from a diffuser situated to the north of Calback Ness, close to natural scallop (Pecten maximus) beds.As part of the arrangements to monitor potential effects of the discharge, Torry Research Station was asked to assess, for petroleum taint, shellfish which would be sampled at intervals from Sullom Voe. To avoid depletion of the natural shellfish beds, queen scallops (Chlamys opercularis) or scallops, whichever were available from other areas, were set out in cages suspended (or on the bottom) 100–1250 m eastwards of the outfall for a period, and then recovered, frozen, and assessed subsequently at the laboratory by a trained taste panel, and compared with the same species unexposed.The cages were laid on 10 occasions from March 1980 to February 1987. Initially, no petroleum taint was detected. In August 1980 and May 1981, a different flavour, but not recognisable as a petroleum taint, was detected at 800–1000 m from the outfall after three days exposure. In May 1982, 33% of the queen scallops in the cage on the bottom, 100 m south east of the diffuser, were dead after six days exposure, and taint was detected at the threshold level in shellfish in the cage at 300 m. In May 1983, taint and petroleum derived hydrocarbons were detected in the sample from the cage on the bottom, 100 m south east of the diffuser, after seven days exposure. In May 1984, taint was again detected at the bottom, 200 m south east of the outfall, after 10 days exposure.Enquiries established that the diffuser was not operating with maximum efficiency. Subsequently, monitoring revealed an improvement. Taint assessment proved to be a sensitive detector of petroleum contamination.
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Lake, Aloysius. "ANALISA KONDISI RUNWAY ELTARI KUPANG PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR." JUTEKS - Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32511/juteks.v1i1.73.
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Bandar Udara El Tari Kupang merupakan salah satu pintu gerbang transportasi dari dan ke Nusa Tenggara Timur. Mengingat tingkat penerbangan yang semakin tinggi terhadap penumpang dan barang, maka tuntutan untuk meningkatkan pemeliharaan infrastruktur runway sudah saatnya dilakukan. Terutama, penanganan kerusakan yang terjadi di runway Bandar udara Eltari. Panjang runway yang mencapai 2.500 meter, jika dilihat secara visual terdapat kerusakan pada area pinggir runway tersebut. Kerusakan ini terjadi di sepanjang area pinggir runway sisi kanan dan sisi kiri. Hal ini akan sangat berpengaruh pada kenyamanan dan keamanan para pengguna runway
Penilaian kondisi kerusakan perkerasan yang dikembangkan oleh U.S. Army Corp of Engineer (Shahin et al., 1976-1984), dinyatakan dalam Indeks Kondisi Perkerasan (Pavement Condition Index, PCI). Penggunaan PCI untuk perkerasan bandara, jalan, dan tempat parkir telah dipakai secara luas di Amerika. Departemen-departemen yang menggunakan prosedur PCI ini, misalnya: FAA (Federal Aviation Administration, 1982), Departemen Pertahanan Amerika (U.S. Air Force, 1981; U.S. Army, 1982), Asosiasi Pekerjaan Umum Amerika (American Public Work Association, 1984) dan lain-lain.
Metode PCI memberikan informasi kondisi perkerasan hanya pada saat survey dilakukan, tapi tidak dapat memberikan gambaran prediksi di masa datang. Namun demikian, dengan melakukan survey kondisi secara periodik, informasi kondisi perkerasan dapat berguna untuk prediksi kinerja di masa datang, selain juga dapat digunakan sebagai masukan pengukuran yang lebih detail.
Dari hasil perhitungan dan analisa maka dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal sebagai berikut: Jenis dan tingkat kerusakan perkerasan yang terjadi pada runway El Tari STA 0+300 s/d 1+800 sisi kiri adalah Retak Kulit Buaya (tingkat kerusakan rendah), Kegemukan (tingkat kerusakan tinggi), Amblas (tingkat kerusakan sedang), Retak Memanjang (tingkat kerusakan sedang), Pelepasan Butiran (tingkat kerusakan rendah hingga sedang), Retak Bulan Sabit (tingkat kerusakan sedang). Nilai Kondisi menurut PCI adalah 22, yang berarti kondisi kerusakan Serius. Penyebab kerusakan pada runway El Tari STA 0+300 – 1+800 sisi kiri, adalah : Tidak ditemukan agregat base pada struktur lapisan perkerasan, Kemiringan shoulder / bahu landasan. Sesuai dengan jenis/kondisi kerusakan maka penanganan yang dilakukan menurut Pavement Condition Index adalah melakukan Rekonstruksi / Pembangunan Kembali.
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Whelan, BR. "Uptake of selenite fertilizer by subterranean clover pasture in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 4 (1989): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890517.
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. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) based pastures were fertilised with sodium selenite at 9 rates from 0 to 800 g Se/ha on 2 sites in 1983. In order to measure the residual value in 1984 and 1985, further applications of sodium selenite were superimposed on the original 9 treatments. Green pasture was sampled annually, dry pasture was sampled once, only in 1984 and the concentration of selenium in the pasture was measured. The sampled pasture was sorted into 2 components: subterranean clover, and non-subterranean clover. Except for the third site that had a quadratic response for the non-subterranean clover component of the pasture, the concentration of selenium in plants increased linearly with application rate. The selenium concentration in subterranean clover was lower than that in the other species in the pasture. Differences between years were large: in 1985, the concentration in plant material was twice that in 1983 and 1984. The dry summer feed had higher concentrations of selenium than the green pasture. The residual value of selenite was 25% in the first year and 15% in the second year. Adequate dietary levels of selenium for sheep would require an annual application of about 200 g sodium selenite/ha to these soils.
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Sanderson, J. P., and M. M. Barnes. "Control of Naval Orangeworm on Almonds, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.93.
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Abstract The test was conducted in an 11-year-old commercial almond orchard near Shaffer, CA. Eight treatments were replicated 7 times in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of a single tree. Treatments were applied at tree-top hullsplit initiation on 2 Jul ’84 with a hand gun which delivers a fine spray at 400-450 psi. The trees were sprayed to runoff at an application rate of ca 800 gal/acre. At harvest (30 Aug ’84) all nuts were shaken from each tree. Samples of 300 nuts per tree were then collected and examined in the lab for navel orangeworm damage. Data are reported as the avg % damaged nuts found in a sample.
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Rybníček, M., P. Čermák, T. Kolář, E. Přemyslovská, and T. Žid. "Influence of temperatures and precipitation on radial increment of Orlické hory Mts. spruce stands at altitudes over 800 m a.s.l." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 6 (June 1, 2009): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/90/2008-jfs.
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Research on the influence of temperatures and precipitation on radial increment was carried out in spruce stands over ninety years old in the surroundings of Anenský vrch in the Orlické hory Mts. at altitudes over 800 m above sea level. To model diameter increment in dependence on climatic conditions, the standard tree-ring and correlation analysis together with the analysis of negative pointer years were used. The diameter increment has a statistically significant correlation with temperatures in July of each year in question. The growth of spruce is also affected to a statistically significant degree by precipitation in July of the previous year and by precipitation in February and March of the year in question. The standard tree-ring chronology shows an obvious decrease in radial increments starting at the beginning of the 1970s and ending at the end of the 1980s. The lowest increments were recorded for 1974, 1980, 1984 and 1986. These years with low increments were also confirmed by the analysis of negative pointer years. In the following period there is an increase in increments, with slight decreases in 1996 and 2000, which, however, according to the analysis of negative pointer years do not demonstrate any significant reduction of increments. Another decrease was recorded starting in 2003 and this lasted until the studied period, i.e. 2007. The current condition of spruce stands is certainly the result of more stressors but it appears that with the current air pollution load the climatic conditions are the factor determining the resulting effect of the synergic influence of the stressors on the stands.
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Smalley, Timothy J., Michael A. Dirr, and Gerald G. Dull. "Effect of Extended Photoperiod on Budbreak, Overwinter Survival, and Carbohydrate Levels of Acer rubrum ‘October Glory’ Rooted Cuttings." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 3 (May 1987): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.3.459.
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Abstract Acer rubrum L. ‘October Glory’ cuttings taken on 15 June 1984 were subjected to short day (SDT) (800-1700 HR) or short day plus night interruption treatments (NIT) (800-1700 plus 2200-200 HR) from 25 July until 22 Oct. 1984. Additional cuttings taken on 14 Aug. were subjected to the same photoperiod treatments from 10 Sept, until 22 Oct. For the 15 June cuttings, the NIT treatment induced significantly greater percent budbreak than the SDT, but did not induce significantly greater overwinter survival. Cuttings of 15 June that broke bud under NIT had significantly greater stem length and dry weight than cuttings that broke bud under SDT. SDT and NIT cuttings of 15 June that broke bud had significantly greater percent root carbohydrates, total grams of carbohydrates, and percent overwinter survival then cuttings that did not break bud. For the 14 Aug. cuttings, 1% of the cuttings broke bud, yet 95% (SDT) and 90% (NIT) of the cuttings survived the winter, and no difference in cutting carbohydrate levels, except stem starch, existed between the two treatments.
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Maehara, H., B. Takase, and J. Heidmann. "A Survey and Follow-up Observations of Starburst Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 115 (1987): 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900096777.
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A survey of UV-excess galaxies (KUGs) has been made on UGR three image plates taken with the 105-cm Kiso Schmidt telescope (105/150/330) by Takase and Miyauchi-Isobe (1984, 1985a,b). Up to now, about 1 800 objects down to 17-17.5 mag have been catalogued in the surveyed areas of about 900 square degrees.
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McCARTHY, SUSAN A., and AMY L. MILLER. "Effect of Three Biocides on Latin American and Gulf Coast Strains of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.10.865.
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The survivability of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 aboard cargo ships in ballast water taken from cholera-contaminated waterways may be enhanced by its attachment to particles. This study examined the effects of three biocides on attached and suspended cells of toxigenic V. cholerae isolate “J” (ballast water isolate) recovered from ballast water; strain C6707 (Latin American epidemic strain) involved in the Latin American epidemic and strain VRL 1984 (the toxigenic strain endemic to the Gulf Coast). Chitin was the substrate used for attachment. Attached cells of isolate “J” were reduced by 4 logs and those of strains C6707 and VRL 1984 were reduced by 3 logs after exposure to 100 ppm Povidone-iodine for 20 min. Attached isolate “J” cells were reduced by 5 logs, and attached C6707 cells were reduced to <1 CFU/ml (6 log decrease) after exposure to 800 ppm chlorine after 20 min. Although numbers of VRL 1984 were reduced to < 1 CFU/ml after exposure to 800 ppm chlorine for 5 min, counts rose to 101 CFU/ml in 20 min. Numbers of isolate “J” were reduced to <1 CFU/ml and those of C6707 were reduced by 6 logs after exposure to 200 ppm Roccal II (QAC) for 10 min. No VRL 1984 cells were recovered after 5 min exposure to 400 ppm and 20 min exposure to 200 ppm QAC. Suspended cells were reduced to <1 CFU/ml after exposure to 25 ppm iodine, 100 ppm chlorine or 50 ppm QAC for 2 min; however, intact nonculturable cells were detected by polymerase chain reaction in iodine-treated suspensions. Latin American and Gulf Coast strains were equally susceptible to disinfection.
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Leibee, Gary L. "Caterpillar Control on Cabbage, Spring, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.78.
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Abstract Cabbage was transplanted 21 Feb in Myakka fine sand on the University of Florida’s Central Florida Research and Education Center in Sanfbrd. A plot consisted of one 30 ft row with 12 inch plant spacing. Each plot row was separated by 2 unplanted rows; row spacing was 30 inches. Nemacur 15G 2 lb (AI)/acre was applied pretransplant in a 15-inch band for nematode control. Randox 4EC and Vegedex 4EC both at 3 lb (AI)/acre were applied for weed control. Treatments were replicated in 5 randomized complete blocks separated by 25 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers Model G tractor. Three nozzles (D3-45) were used per row; 1 overhead and 1 drop on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gpa with a boom pressure of about 50 psi and a speed of 2 mph. Sprays were applied 17, 19, 25, 30, Apr, 8 and 16 May. In each plot on 29 May 20 plants were rated for damage on the head and first 4 wrapper leaves using a scale of 1-6 as in Green et al., Jour, of Econ. Entomol. 62(4):798-800. The percentage of heads that were marketable was based on the frequency of heads with damage ratings of 3 or less.
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Wright, David H. "Byzantine Art and Literature around the Year 800: Report on the Dumbarton Oaks Symposium of 1984." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 40 (1986): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1291537.
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Beach, R. Mark, and James W. Todd. "PARASITOIDS AND PATHOGENS OF THE SOYBEAN LOOPER, PSEUDOPLUSIA INCLUDENS (WALKER), IN SOUTH GEORGIA SOYBEAN." Journal of Entomological Science 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-20.3.318.
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Larvae of the soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), were collected from soybean fields in south Georgia during the 1982, 1983, and 1984 growing seasons. Larvae were reared in the laboratory to determine levels of parasitism and disease incidence. Twelve parasitoid species including one hyperparasitoid were reared from SBL larvae. The three most common parasitoid species were Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman), Meteorus autographae Muesebeck, and Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson). The most abundant pathogen was the fungus Entomophthora gammae Weiser, but the fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus also were present. Peak SBL densities were 73.5 larvae per rowmeter in 1982, 30.9 in 1983, and 19.8 in 1984. Total mortality of larvae collected from different locales due to parasitism and disease ranged from 36.5 to 77.6% during 1982, from 4.8 to 73.2% during 1983, and from 0 to 93.9% during 1984.
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Emmerson, Richard Kenneth, and Suzanne Lewis. "Census and Bibliography of Medieval Manuscripts Containing Apocalypse Illustrations, ca. 800–1500 III." Traditio 42 (1986): 443–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900004153.
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These pages conclude the Census and Bibliography of Medieval Manuscripts Containing Apocalypse Illustrations begun in Traditio 40 (1984) 337–379 and continued in Traditio 41 (1985) 367–409. They contain the descriptions of nine groups of manuscripts. Three of these groups comprise illustrated Apocalypses: Alexander Minorita Apocalypses (nos. 118–122), Later German Apocalypses (nos. 123–132), and Miscellaneous Apocalypses (133–137). The remaining six groups comprise manuscripts that, although not illustrated Apocalypses, contain five or more illustrations of the Apocalypse: Miscellaneous Bibles (nos. 138–145), Liber Floridus manuscripts (nos. 146–152), Moralized Bibles (nos. 153–158), Historiated Bibles (nos. 159–167), Books of Hours (nos. 168–170), and Miscellaneous Manuscripts (nos. 171–172) R. Emmerson would like to thank Peter Klein for his helpful suggestions. Recognizing that, despite our best efforts, this Census and Bibliography may include some errors and omissions, the authors would be grateful to receive corrections and additions for a future edition.
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Bauer, Tobias. "First record of the crab spider Epicadus camelinus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) in Peru (Araneae, Thomisidae, Stephanopinae)." Check List 16, no. 6 (November 12, 2020): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.6.1551.
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The first record of the crab spider Epicadus camelinus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) from Peru is presented. A single female specimen was collected in the Área de Conservación Privada Panguana in 1984 and deposited in the State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Germany. The record represents a considerable range extension of approximately 800 km west of the closest known locality of the species in Brazil. The specimen and the corresponding diagnostic characters are illustrated in detail.
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Jain, Shrey, and Dr J. N. Vyas. "Seismic Evaluation of Pre-Engineering and Conventional Steel Structure-A review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 1974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48686.
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Abstract: In recent years, the introduction of steel pre-engineered building (PEB) designs has helped streamline design concepts and reduce dead loads in structures. PEB construction, replacing the traditional steel structure (CSB) construction concept, has brought many advantages as the element is the design. According to the bending moment distribution diagram over the full span of the beam and column he dimensions the PEB structure and reduces the steel requirements with the help of conical IS profiles. In this study, his PEB frames and conventional steel frames of industrial structures were subjected to Seismic analysis and designed according to Indian Standards IS 800-1984, IS 800-2007 and IS1893:2016. I was. Traditional steel and prefabricated buildings require aesthetic appearance and high quality construction to be built very quickly. Traditional steel structures and prefabricated buildings can be widely used in the construction of industrial and residential buildings. This paper was prepared to study various research work related to the analysis of PEB and conventional steel structures.
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Pereira, Ivone Vieira, and Cesar Augusto Tibúrcio Silva. "A Influência Do Autoengano Na Prática Da Evasão Fiscal No Brasil." Contabilidade Gestão e Governança 24, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 204–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51341/1984-3925_2021v24n2a4.
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Objetivo: Os estudos presentes na literatura evidenciam que os fatores econômicos e comportamentais influenciam na prática da evasão fiscal. Considerando essa perspectiva, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de identificar se o autoengano influencia na prática da evasão fiscal no Brasil.Método: A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um quase-experimento, seguido de aplicação de questionário, entre novembro de 2016 e setembro de 2017. Foram aplicados in loco 800 instrumentos de coleta de dados em todas as regiões geográficas do país, sendo 598 deles validados. Adotaram-se medidas para assegurar as validades de conteúdo, critério e constructo.Resultados: O teste de confiabilidade resultou em um Alfa de Cronbach de 0,63, e a Confiabilidade Composta foi superior a 0,60. Os dados foram analisados através da regressão logística binária. Os resultados desta pesquisa sugerem, sob a abordagem multivariada, que o autoengano influencia nas chances de adoção da evasão fiscal dos indivíduos.Originalidade/Relevância: Este estudo difere-se dos demais por analisar a evasão fiscal a partir da influência do comportamento humano do contribuinte.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: A partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, o estudo contribui com a Administração Pública na determinação de ações que possam desestimular a sonegação fiscal por meio da implementação de estratégias políticas que incluam os fatores comportamentais do contribuinte.
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Gould, John D., Lizette Alfaro, Rich Finn, Brian Haupt, Angela Minuto, and Josiane Salaun. "Why is Reading Slower from CRT Displays than from Paper." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 8 (September 1986): 834–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000823.
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Experiments, including our own (Gould et al., 1984; 1986), have shown that people read more slowly from CRT displays than from paper. A series of experiments shows that the explanation centers on the image quality of the characters. Reading speeds, equivalent to those on paper, have been found for CRT displays containing character fonts that resemble those on paper (rather than dot matrix fonts, for example), that have a polarity of dark characters on a light background, that are anti-aliased (i.e., contain grey level), and that are shown on displays with relatively high resolution (e.g., 1000 × 800).
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Naranjo, Pedro Miguel. "CALATRAVA LA VIEJA (CARRIÓN DE CALATRAVA, CIUDAD REAL) EN LAS POSTRIMERÍAS DE LA EDAD DEL BRONCE (CA. 1200-800 A.C.)." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 9 (2020): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2020.09.08.
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Las campañas arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en Calatrava la Vieja desde 1984 han sacado a la luz materiales de época protohistórica que revelan fases de ocupación previas a la fundación de la ciudad andalusí en el siglo VIII d. C. Entre los materiales exhumados se han seleccionado las cerámicas del Bronce Final, situadas cronológicamente en función de la posición estratigráfica de estos materiales en los yacimientos circundantes. Esta etapa es, según la documentación disponible, la más antigua del yacimiento hasta la actualidad. Las formas registradas revelan una amplia red de contactos con otros ámbitos peninsulares en los que Calatrava jugó un papel destacado en el contexto del Alto Guadiana.
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Roberts, James E., and Michael A. Saluta. "Evaluation of Guardian 7.5% Cattle Ear Tags for Hog Louse Control on Swine, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.354.
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Abstract Efficacy of Guardian 7.5% cattle ear tags was evaluated in Jun and Jul for hog louse control on swine. Permectrin™ 10.0% calf ear tags were used for comparative efficacy. The following treatment groups were established on 6 Jun in Patrick Co, VA: A) Guardian 7.5% cattle ear tags, consisting of 4 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb, and 1 adult boar, weighing ca. 600 lb. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear. B) Permectrin 10.0% calf ear tags, consisting of 4 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb, and 1 adult boar, weighing ca. 800 lb. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear. C) Untreated control, consisting of 5 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb. All treatment groups were penned separately from each other in a loafing barn for the duration of the trial.
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Hayes, D. C., and T. R. Seastedt. "Root dynamics of tallgrass prairie in wet and dry years." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-105.
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Root dynamics were studied using root windows at Konza Prairie, a tallgrass prairie in north central Kansas, during dry (1984) and wet (1985) years. Amounts, production, and disappearance of root length decreased during drought but increased when rains resumed; however, standing crop remained low. The 1985 root lengths increased throughout the growing season, while production and disappearance remained constant. Yearly summaries of amounts, productivity, and decomposition by 10-cm increments in soil depth show that the effect of drought on these variables decreased with increasing soil depth. Turnover rates of root length averaged 564 in the dry year versus 389% in the wet year, with the largest difference noted in the 0- to 10-cm depth (800 in 1984 versus 540% in 1985). Production and decay patterns observed using root windows were also noted in root biomass data (obtained from soil cores). The average total root biomass turnover rate was 31%. Failure to sort below-ground materials into tissue types (rhizomes, roots) and live versus dead status results in reduced estimates of biomass turnover rates. The greatest possible separation of plant components presents the most comprehensive picture of (belowground) growth dynamics.
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Greene, George M., and Alvan G. Gaus. "THE INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCKS ON THE GROWTH, LONGEVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLES." HortScience 25, no. 6 (June 1990): 623H—623. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.6.623.
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The influence of rootstocks on the growth and productivity of `Starkspur Supreme Pagnelli Delicious' was determined in an NC-140 experiment started in 1984. The planting was supplemental to the main experiment and it contained Ottawa (Ott) 3, M.20, and Arnold Lynd (AL) 800, but did not contain Budagovsky (Bud) 490, Bud 9, Antonovka 313, or C6. Trees that apparently would not stand were given support. Data on tree size and yield were collected every year. As expected, many characteristics were strongly influenced by rootstock. Yield efficiency calculated as the total fruit weight per square cm of trunk cross-sectional area was used as a measure of production efficiency. In 1989, efficient producers of fruit (all in decreasing order) were Poland (P) 2, EMLA.26, P 16, and Michigan Apple Clone (MAC) 39. Intermediate in productivity were M.20, Cornell-Geneva (CG) 10, Pl, and AL 800. A lower efficiency group of rootstocks were EMLA.7, Ott 3, MAC 1, Seedling, M.4, P 18, and CG 24. `Golden Delicious' and `McIntosh' on EMLA.26, used as pollinizers, were ranked second and third in yield efficiency.
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Smith, Gregory P., Paul W. Fairchild, and David R. Crosley. "Erratum: The pressure and temperature dependence of the OH+C2H2 reaction above 800 K [J. Chem. Phys. 81, 2667 (1984)]." Journal of Chemical Physics 82, no. 7 (April 1985): 3473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448987.
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Collins, Thomas F. X., Thomas N. Black, Stuart L. Graham, Benjamin A. Jackson, and John J. Welsh. "Updating Developmental Toxicity Testing Guidelines for the Safety Assessment of Direct Food Additives and Color Additives Used in Food: Results of a Survey." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 10, no. 4 (July 1991): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819109078643.
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In 1982, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued guidelines for testing the effects of direct food additives and color additives on developing embryos and for longer monitoring during several generations. In 1984, an FDA task force began a review of testing procedures for reproductive and developmental toxicity. The Developmental Toxicity Committee was formed specifically to evaluate the current guidelines and to propose revisions. As part of the evaluation, a two-part questionnaire was devised and sent to about 800 members of the Teratology Society and the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Specialty Section of the Society of Toxicology. The questionnaire included questions on multigeneration reproduction and developmental toxicity. A total of 132 responses (16.5%) were received, and they are discussed in detail in this report. The responses to the multigeneration reproduction questions were concerned with the optimum number of generations and litters, reduction of litter size for standardization, selection of offspring to produce the next generation, parameters to be measured, indices to be calculated, length of premating exposure, additional protocols, and microscopic examination of the offspring. Responses to the developmental toxicity questions were concerned with dose levels, diet variations, route of administration, examination of the offspring, and control of bias.
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Chadwick, Owen. "Theologische Realenzyklopädie. Edited by G. Krause and G. Müller. XI. Familie-Futurologie. Pp. 800. XII. Gabler-Gesellschaft/Gesellschaft und Christentum V. Pp. 801. Berlin–New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1983, 1984. DM. 290 each fascicle." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 37, no. 2 (April 1986): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900033133.
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Svensson, Sören. "En inventering av icke-tättingar inom 13 kvadratkilometer lågalpin fjällhed vid Ammarnäs i Lappland 1984—1995." Ornis Svecica 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v17.22696.
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A large plot (12.8 km2) with a matrix of typical low alpine habitats, mainly scrub heath, mire and numerous small lakes and ponds (9% water) with gentle slopes at elevations between 800 and 920 m was surveyed in the breeding season during ten of the years 1984—1995 (five surveys, on average 81 hours per year). Only non-passerines were surveyed. Thirty species were breeding in at least one year, 24 of them in more half of the years (mean 23 species and 160 pairs per year). Ten species were waterfowl Anatidae (8 species, 33 pairs) and 13 species were waders Charadridae (11 species, 111 pairs). The only other important species were grouse Lagopus lagopus and L. mutus (together 7 pairs per yr) and Stercorarius longicaudus (0–12 pairs). The community was stable; only seven species showed significant trends, four declined (Anas crecca, Aythya marila, Tringa glareola, Actitis hypoleuca), and three increased (Charadrius hiaticula, Charadrius morinellus, Pluvialis apricaria). Aythya marila, is of conservation concern (listed as vulnerable in Sweden).
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Grieve, AM, E. Dunford, D. Marston, RE Martin, and P. Slavich. "Effects of waterlogging and soil salinity on irrigated agriculture in the Murray Valley: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 6 (1986): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860761.
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A physical model was used to assess the effects of surface waterlogging and soil salinity on the productivity of winter cereals and irrigated dairy pastures on irrigation farms in the Berriquin and Wakool Irrigation Districts of the Murray Valley region of New South Wales. Parameters describing the physical properties of major soil types were combined with statistically derived estimates of rainfall excess over evapotranspiration to establish the incidence of waterlogging. Soils predisposed to waterlogging occupy 150000 ha of Berriquin District (45% of District) and 24 800 ha of Wakool District (73%). Estimates of yield losses from waterlogging ranged from 12.5% in annual subterranean clover-based pastures, 20% in winter cereals, to 25% for perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures. The relationships between yield and soil salinity were determined for barley, wheat, white clover, subterranean clover, and irrigated annual and perennial pastures growing under existing management practices in shallow watertable areas of the 2 Districts. Response functions were applied to soil salinity frequency distributions to derive production loss coefficients. Surveys showed that average soil salinities were lower in Berriquin than in Wakool. In 1984, 43% the soils in shallow watertable areas of Berriquin could be classed as saline, whereas, in 1982 the corresponding figure for Wakool was 72%. A further survey taken in 1984, 2 years after the inception of a deep drainage scheme, showed that saline soils in Wakool had decreased to 46% of the total area.We assessed economic losses associated with soil salinity and waterlogging by applying the derived loss coefficients to achievable yields for known production areas. Total annual losses for the 2 Districts exceeded $A13 million, or 16% of the 1984 value of the District's agricultural production. This figure underestimates real losses because we excluded livestock enterprises other than dairying, as well as summer cropping, from the study. Losses due to waterlogging ($A10 million overall) were more serious than those due to soil salinity (nearly $A4 million), particularly in Berriquin where shallow watertables were less extensive. In Wakool, 2 years' operation of the deep drainage scheme reduced losses due to soil salinity by $A750 000.Thus surface waterlogging and soil salinity cause serious economic losses in the irrigated areas of southern New South Wales. Research into appropriate techniques for on-farm irrigation management may reduce these losses, and delay further development of shallow watertables and soil salinisation, with sub of stantial economic and environmental benefits.
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Lodge, G. M., B. J. Gogel, K. A. Archer, and B. R. Cullis. "Effects of grazing, slashing and burning on Aristida ramosa and sheep productivity in northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97015.
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Summary. Studies were conducted on a natural pasture dominated by Aristida ramosa (wiregrass) in northern New South Wales. In each of the 4 studies, treatments were designed to reduce wiregrass presence by grazing, using stocking rates up to 12.5–15.0 dry sheep equivalents (dse/ha) in summer and autumn (1983–88), slashing (1984–86), or burning (2 studies, 1985–88; 1986–88) in spring before heavily grazing in summer–autumn. Effects of these treatments on A. ramosa dry matter yield and basal cover, Danthonia linkii (wallaby grass) basal cover, sheep liveweight change and fleeceweight were measured for the different time periods. Wool quality was determined from mid-side samples taken in 1983–85. All treatments reduced A. ramosa dry matter yield and basal cover and increased D. linkii basal cover, compared with control plots continuously grazed at 5 dse/ha. From 1983 to 1988, A. ramosa dry matter yields in the control plots increased from about 1000 to 3500 kg/ha and its basal cover increased from 7 to 13%. In contrast, A. ramosa dry matter yields in heavily grazed, and spring burnt and heavily grazed treatments were <500 kg/ha, with basal cover levels of A. ramosa <0.3% while those of D. linkii were about 5%. Slashing before heavy grazing (1984–86) also reduced A. ramosa dry matter yields and basal cover compared with the control, but higher levels of A. ramosa (800 kg/ha dry matter, 1% basal cover) remained at the end of these studies. Heavy grazing of wiregrass led to significant negative liveweight changes, compared with sheep in control plots. Slashing or burning of wiregrass to remove dead material and increase green leaf before grazing at high stocking rates, markedly reduced rates of liveweight decline. Both grazing at high stocking rate and slashing in spring followed by heavy grazing, significantly reduced the amount of wool grown in the spring–winter period and significantly decreased either wool fibre diameter, strength or point-of-break. In the long term, sheep in wiregrass control plots lost more weight than those in treatment plots at equivalent stocking rates. Results suggest that on-farm control strategies based on late winter or spring burning, and heavy summer grazing should reduce the presence of wiregrass in similar pasture system.
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Treacy, M. F., J. H. Benedict, and S. W. Hopkins. "Large Plot Evaluation of Baythroid and Ammo for Middle- and Late-Season Control of Boll Weevil on Cotton, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.302.
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Abstract A large plot field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Tivoli, TX, to evaluate the relative effectiveness of Baythroid and Ammo for control of boll weevils on cotton. Treatments were compared in 32-row by 800 ft plots of cotton planted on 38 inch rows. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a paired block design. Beginning ca. 1 wk past first-bloom, applications of each treatment were made on 12, 17, 29 Jun, 5, 9 and 12 Jul. The applications in Jun were done with a high-clearance ground machine, while those in Jul were done by aircraft. Efficacy of the insecticides was evaluated by inspecting 25 randomly chosen squares and ca 7-day-old bolls in each plot for the presence of boll weevil damage. Seed-cotton was hand harvested from designated 10-ft sections of row in each plot for yield analysis.
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Donahey, Karen M. "Treating Vaginismus (1984). Video. By Joseph LoPiccolo (consultant) and Mark Schoen (producer). Available from Focus International, 800-843-0305. 30 minutes, $29.95." Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 23, no. 3 (September 1998): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01614576.1998.11074258.
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Chatterjee, S. K. "Transferts de technologies sensibles entre l'est et l'ouest. By Romain Yakemtchouk. [Brussels: Institut Royal des Relations Internationales. 1984. 155 pp. BF.800]." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 36, no. 2 (April 1987): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/36.2.415.
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Davies, I. J. "Population Collapse of the Crayfish Orconectes virilis in Response to Experimental Whole-Lake Acidification." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 910–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-117.
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A population of Orconectes virilis in Lake 223 at the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, was monitored from 1976 to 1982 during an acidification experiment. O. virilis from nearby Lake 240 served as a reference population. Crayfish abundance remained stable as average epilimnion pH was gradually lowered from 6.49 (1976) to 5.93 (1978). In 1979 (pH 5.64) recruitment of young was poor and the overall population size [Formula: see text] fell from 105 800 to 60 300 animals. The decline continued in the complete absence of recruitment during 1980 (pH 5.59, [Formula: see text] and 1981 (pH 5.02, [Formula: see text]. Few crayfish survived until the spring of 1982. None were present from mid-summer 1982 to fall 1983 (average pH 5.09 to 5.13). Hatchling mortality and some egg loss appeared to have been the causes of recruitment failure. Acidification also produced a noticeable softening in the carapace of all intermoult crayfish. Growth, mortality, behaviour, and the basic reproductive functions of juvenile and adult crayfish did not change in response to acidification. Fish predation and the incidence of a microsporidian parasite apparently contributed little to the population decline.
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Nurhadi, Nurhadi, Mochammad Ali M, Daif Rahuna, and Sutopo P. Fitri. "Model Energi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya di Pulau Giliyang Madura." R.E.M. (Rekayasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal 2, no. 2 (January 30, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/r.e.m.v2i2.948.
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Giliiyang Island is a famous island that has the highest oxygen content in the world, and very beautiful sea, but the location is far from PLN / elctictric grid system. It is necessary to develop environmentally friendly alternative energy. One of alternative energy offered is solar energy. Solar energy is energy that’s form of light and heat from the sun. This energy can be utilized using a range of technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal power, solar architecture, and artificial photosynthesis. Based on the calculation is known that the electrical energy demand for Giliiyang Island is around 1984 kWh. The design of two off-grid solar power systems which each capacity about 1 MWp will require 3000 m2 of land with 780 solar panels that have an intensity of 800 W / m2. Deep cycle battery with 24 V DC 200 AH as storage media required about 504 pieces.
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Gould, John D., Lizette Alfaro, Rich Finn, Brian Haupt, and Angela Minuto. "Reading from CRT Displays Can Be as Fast as Reading from Paper." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 29, no. 5 (October 1987): 497–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088702900501.
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Experiments, including our own (Gould and Grischkowsky, 1984; Gould et al., 1987), have shown that people read more slowly from CRT displays than from paper. This series of six experiments shows why. The explanation centers on the image quality of the characters. Reading speeds equivalent to those on paper occur on CRT displays containing character fonts that resemble those on paper (rather than dot matrix fonts, for example), that have a polarity of dark characters on a light background, that are anti-aliased (i.e., contain grey level), and that are shown on displays with relatively high resolution (e.g., 1000 × 800). Each of these variables probably contributes something to reading speed improvement, but the trade-offs have not been determined. The results of these experiments, together with our earlier studies, exclude some other general explanations such as possible inherent defects in CRT technology itself or personal variables such as age, experience, or familiarity with reading from CRT displays.
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Schoos, R., J. Dodinval-Versie, A. Verloes, C. Lambotte, and L. Koulischer. "Enzyme immunoassay screening of alpha 1-antitrypsin in dried blood spots from 39 289 newborns." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.6.821.
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Abstract We present a new, simple, and inexpensive sandwich-type double-antibody enzyme immunoassay for alpha 1-antitrypsin in dried blood collected on the fifth day post-partum. The method is very sensitive, having a detection limit of 2.84 fmol/well. Intra- and interassay CVs are 6.1% and 10.3%, respectively, for assay of 5-mm-diameter blood spots eluted into 7 mL of phosphate buffer. Since February 1984, we have used this method to systematically screen 39 289 consecutive births: 336 of these newborns (0.085%) showed values for alpha 1-antitrypsin below the cutoff value of 800 mg/L (50th percentile, 1470 mg/L). Of these 336 we were able to obtain 0.5 mL of serum from 161 for further testing. Four presented with a ZZ phenotype and 15 with a SZ phenotype, which indicates a deficiency in alpha 1-antitrypsin. Our data suggest a prevalence of 1.4% and 3.6% of Z and S alleles, respectively, in the French-speaking community of Belgium.
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Chandra, H., A. K. Saraf, R. K. Jadhav, G. J. Rao, V. K. Sharma, S. Sriramachari, and M. Vairamani. "Isolation of an Unknown Compound, from Both Blood of Bhopal Aerosol Disaster Victims and Residue of Tank E-610 of Union Carbide India Limited — Chemical Characterization of the Structure." Medicine, Science and the Law 34, no. 2 (April 1994): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249403400204.
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A total of more than 28 chemical entities/reaction products in the form of gases, vapour and particulate matter were reported from the tank E-610 of methyl isocyanate (MIC) storage tank of Union Carbide India Limited on the night of 2/3 December 1984 in Bhopal. In earlier studies, methyl isocyanate and its trimer, with a few other compounds, were reported in the human victims preserved in deep freeze. Randomly selected samples were analysed by gas Chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (ITD-800, Finnigan MAT, UK). Four of the cases showed the peaks and fragmentation pattern identified with one of the unidentified compound of molecular weight 269 amu in the Tank Residue, which constituted about 0.2 area per cent on GC-ITD. After isolation by column chromatography and being exposed to characterization, it was identified as a Spiro compound. It was possibly formed by the polymerization of five molecules of methyl isocyanate.
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Daian, Márcia Rodrigues, Andy Petroianu, Luiz Ronaldo Alberti, and Ester Eliane Jeunon. "Estresse em procedimentos cirúrgicos." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 25, no. 2 (June 2012): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-67202012000200012.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Este artigo tem como objetivo rever estudos sobre o estresse psicológico no perioperatório de pacientes adultos submetidos a operações de médio e grande porte, sob anestesia geral. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados trabalhos publicados e catalogados nas bases de dados Medline interface Pubmed, Lilacs e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde - BVS desde 1984, cruzando-se os descritores estresse, cirurgia, anestesia geral, psicologia Encontraram-se mais de 800 artigos relacionados a estresse e cirurgia, que foram analisados em função de sua pertinência com o tema proposto. Desses, 18 abordaram o estresse psíquico. Os resultados levantados confirmaram a existência do estresse, tanto físico quanto psicológico, no período perioperatório e a relação entre estresse e evolução clínica de pacientes. Após a análise dos estudos observou-se a lacuna existente na literatura consultada, sobre a ação do estresse psíquico nesse período. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento mais aprofundado das implicações psicológicas do estresse pode beneficiar pacientes e profissionais de saúde no tratamento cirúrgico.
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Wolfenbarger, D. A., and S. J. Nemec. "Usefulness of Two Diphenzyl Benzoyl Urea Insect Growth Regulators Against the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 26, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-26.4.466.
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Topical applications at submicrogram levels of the insect growth regulators (IGR) penfluron and diflubenzuron prevented the hatch of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, eggs. Neither compound was toxic to the weevil, however field-cage studies showed that diflubenzuron greatly reduced emergence of weevils from squares. In all field tests spray applications were initiated at first one-third grown square (<1 cm dia) and continued for 13 to 17 applications during 51 days, throughout the cotton growing season on a 3–5 day schedule. In 1981, cotton sprayed with penfluron diluted in water plus petroleum oil had significantly greater yields than cotton sprayed with penfluron only. In 1982, diflubenzuron and penfluron diluted in oil and water and applied at 0.07 kg/ha, reduced boll weevil emergence from squares 57 to 78% compared to emergence in untreated plots. In 1983, emergence of adults from bolls was reduced 39% in plots sprayed with diflubenzuron at a rate of 0.28 kg A.I./ha. In 1981, no reduction in adult emergence from bolls only was observed in plots sprayed with penfluron at rate of 0.07 kg A.I./ha; when penfluron was applied at 3 day intervals in oil boll weevil emergence from squares was significantly reduced. Yields of seed cotton were significantly greater in plots sprayed on a 3–5 day schedule with penfluron or diflubenzuron in oil, at a rate of 0.07 or 0.28 kg A.I./ha respectively, when compared to the untreated check; they were 926, 1697 to 1874, and 726 kg/ha in 1981, 1982, and 1983, respectively, In 1981 and 1982, predator populations (mostly Hemiptera and spiders) in plots sprayed with either diflubenzuron or penfluron, with or without oil, were reduced significantly compared to populations in the untreated check.
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Cullen, D. M., R. T. Smith, and M. P. Akhter. "Bone-loading response varies with strain magnitude and cycle number." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 1971–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.1971.
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Mechanical loading stimulates bone formation and regulates bone size, shape, and strength. It is recognized that strain magnitude, strain rate, and frequency are variables that explain bone stimulation. Early loading studies have shown that a low number (36) of cycles/day (cyc) induced maximal bone formation when strains were high (2,000 με) (Rubin CT and Lanyon LE. J Bone Joint Surg Am 66: 397–402, 1984). This study examines whether cycle number directly affects the bone response to loading and whether cycle number for activation of formation varies with load magnitude at low frequency. The adult rat tibiae were loaded in four-point bending at 25 (−800 με) or 30 N (−1,000 με) for 0, 40, 120, or 400 cyc at 2 Hz for 3 wk. Differences in periosteal and endocortical formation were examined by histomorphometry. Loading did not stimulate bone formation at 40 cyc. Compared with control tibiae, tibiae loaded at −800 με showed 2.8-fold greater periosteal bone formation rate at 400 cyc but no differences in endocortical formation. Tibiae loaded at −1,000 με and 120 or 400 cyc had 8- to 10-fold greater periosteal formation rate, 2- to 3-fold greater formation surface, and 1-fold greater endocortical formation surface than control. As applied load or strain magnitude decreased, the number of cyc required for activation of formation increased. We conclude that, at constant frequency, the number of cyc required to activate formation is dependent on strain and that, as number of cyc increases, the bone response increases.
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HOFFMAN, EDWARD L., and FORREST C. BENNETT. "Outcome of ≤800-Gram Birth Weight Infants." Pediatrics 87, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.87.3.413.
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In Reply.— We welcome the comments of Drs Kilbride and Daily, former teachers of Dr Hoffman. As survival of extremely low birth weight infants has increased,1 more attention has been focused on neurodevelopmental morbidity trends in this birth weight group. Conclusions are hampered by the small numbers in follow-up studies, the lack of standardization of confounding variables across different study sites, and the continuing changes and improvements in prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal care. Drs Kilbride and Daily's early study period, 1980 to 1982, is later than the study period of Dr Bennett et al,2 1977 to 1980.
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Kard, Bradford M. R., and Fred P. Hain. "CHEMICAL1 CONTROL OF THREE WHITE GRUB SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) ATTACKING FRASER FIR CHRISTMAS TREES IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.1.84.
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Field experiments were conducted in 1982, 1983, and 1984 to evaluate the efficacy of several insecticides for controlling white grubs infesting Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., Christmas trees and pastureland scheduled for fir plantings, and to evaluate insecticide phytotoxicity. The white grub complex consisted primarily of three species: Pyllophaga anxia (LeConte) Glasgow, P. fusca (Froelich) Glasgow, and Polyphylla comes Casey. Mean pretreatment white grub population densities ranged from 20.8 to 77.8 grubs per m2. Isazophos, diazinon, carbofuran, carbaryl, trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, and isofenphos demonstrated a wide range of effectiveness in reducing populations while showing no phytotoxicity to grass sod or fir. Isazophos and diazinon applications provided the highest levels of control.
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Cunha, R. C. de A., A. C. S. da Costa, B. Maset Filho, and D. C. P. Casarini. "Effects of Irrigation with Vinasse and the Dynamics of its Constituents in the Soil: I – Physical and Chemical Aspects." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0054.
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With the intention of understanding the dynamics of some of the constituents of vinasse, and to evaluate the risks of groundwater pollution due to sugarcane irrigation with this wastewater, a study was carried out from October 1984 to June 1985 in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Vinasse was sprinkled at a rate of 800 m3/ha by a hydraulic big gun. This applied 804.76 kg/ha of potassium and 305.86 kg/ha of nitrogen. The leaching of K and NO3. was measured by the use of tensiometers and tension lysimeters installed at various depths. It was concluded that the methodology is acceptable as a procedure for field research. Potassium and nitrate did not leach as expected. After 6 months, only 0.34 kg/ha of potassium and 0.41 kg/ha of nitrate had leached to below 120 cm. The roles of soil and plants were very important in preventing groundwater pollution. The soil retained part of the applied potassium, and the sugar-cane plants absorbed a large part of the N and K applied to the soil.
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Raseira, Maria C. B., and J. N. Moore. "Time of Flower Bud Initiation in Peach Cultivars Differing in Chilling Requirement." HortScience 22, no. 2 (April 1987): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.2.216.
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Abstract Time of flower bud initiation was determined for nine peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] cultivars, three in each of three chilling requirement groups (<500 hr, 500-750 hr, and 800-1050 hr below 7.2°C). Based on morphology of the apical dome, the first visible signs of flower bud initiation of all cultivars occurred between 15 July and 8 Aug. 1984, and between 1 and 20 July 1985. The earlier initiation period in 1985 may have been promoted by drought stress. Although significant differences occurred in time of flower bud initiation among chilling requirement groups in both years, they were not consistent from year to year, indicating that chilling requirement is not strongly associated with time of flower bud initiation. The rate of morphological development of flower primordia was not associated with earliness of flower bud initiation. ‘Diamante’, while early in flower bud initiation, showed a slow rate of subsequent flower development. No relationship was found between time of flower initiation and either time of bloom or time of fruit ripening of the cultivars.
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Pawley, J. B., and W. R. Scala. "Low-voltage SEM update." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100144693.
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The advantages of operating an SEM at low beam voltage (Vo) are now widely recognized and significant progress has been made in overcoming the practical limitations to high resolution operation with Vo = 1-2 kV. A Symposium on Low Voltage SEM (LVSEM) was held at the 1984 EMSA meeting and several of the papers presented there were later collected for a special issue of the Journal of Microscopy. The purpose of this contribution is to outline three developments in instrumentation for LVSEM that have recently appeared. These include: 1) The new pole-pieces on the upper stage of the ISI DS-130c which permit it to produce very low aberration coefficients with low energy beams. 2) The replacement of the final lens of the Hitachi S-800, field emission SEM with an immersion lens to create the new S-900; 3) The development of the micro-lens for mounting in the chamber on a conventional’ SEM to produce both low aberration coefficients and a favorable geometry for signal collection.
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Oliveira, Simone Aparecida de, Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes, and Salatiér Buzetti. "EFEITO DA ADUBAÇÃO NPK COM E SEM BORO NO CRESCIMENTO DE Eucalyptus citriodora Hook." Revista do Instituto Florestal 13, no. 2 (December 5, 2001): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24278/2178-5031.2001132634.
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Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito de 6 doses de N, P2O5 e K2O, utilizando-se , equivalente a 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 kg.ha da fórmula 10 - 10 - 10, aplicada em outubro de 1984, por ocasião do plantio do eucalipto (Eucalyptus cilriodora Hook.). O ensaio foi instalado na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, município de Selvíria - MS, em um Latossolo Vennelllo-Escuro, álico, textura argilosa, e com clima Aw. Em outubro de 1986, subdividiram-se as parcelas, sendo que a metade recebeu 1,0 kg.ha-1 de B no plantio, e repetido em fevereiro de 1987. A outra metade da parcela não recebeu o micronutriente. Avaliou-se a altura das plantas, DAP e o volume cilíndrico, nos anos de 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 e 1997 (neste ano a fonna do fuste também foi avaliada). Não houve efeito da adubação NPK nas características analisadas, assim como da interação NPK x B, entretanto, o micronutriente proporcionou aumento na altura de plantas no ano ae 1991, no DAP e no volume, nos anos de 1989 a 1992.
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Pounds, K. A. "2. X-Ray Astronomy." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 19, no. 1 (1985): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00006660.
Full textAbstract:
The period leading up to the last IAU General Assembly was dominated in X-ray Astronomy by the results from the Einstein Observatory. This first application of a large, satellite-borne, high resolution X-ray telescope to the study of cosmic sources had led, by the end of orbital operation in April 1981, to the detection of X-ray fluxes from a wide variety of astronomical objects and the full maturing of X-ray Astronomy. During the past three years a strong scientific output has continued to flow from the analysis of the more than 5600 separate Einstein observations, many of which are now widely available via the Einstein Data Bank. In sharp contrast, the peak of activity and scientific output from Einstein will apparently be followed, in the United States, by almost a decade with no new X-ray satellite. Fortunately, successful launches have been achieved in both the Japanese and European programmes, with Tenma launched in February 1983 (to join Hakucho in orbit) followed by EXOSAT three months later. Both these new missions have attracted world-wide interest and observing time on both is at a premium. Of a range of instruments on board the Tenma satellite the most productive is proving to be the large (~800 cm2) array of gas scintillation proportional counters. These detectors, flown for the first time on Tenma (and EXOSAT), provide a factor-of-two increase in spectral resolution over the more conventional proportional counters, an advantage which is particularly valuable in resolving the key emission line and absorption features associated with the K-shell of iron, near ~7 keV. One particularly exciting result reported from this Tenma instrument was an apparent absorption feature at ~4.1 keV in X-ray burst spectra from the source 2S 1636-536 (later supported by EXOSAT observations), the feature being attributed to red-shifted iron absorption in the strong gravitational field close to the neutron star burst source! At the time of writing (December 1984) a power storage problem is limiting the operational efficiency of Tenma, but the scientific payload continues to function well.
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Cooper, Randall M., and Ronald D. Oetting. "HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS OF TEA SCALE AND CAMELLIA SCALE IN GEORGIA." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.297.
Full textAbstract:
During 1983 and 1984, leaves infested with tea scale, Fiorinia theae Green, and camellia scale, Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke, were collected from Camellia japonica L., C. sasanqua Thunberg, Ilex crenata Thunberg, and I. cornuta ‘burfordii’ Lindley & Paxton at locations in 5 Georgia counties. The parasitoids Aspidiotiphagus n. sp. 1, A. nr. cirtinus (Craw), and Aphytis diaspidis Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were collected. Aspidiotiphagus n. sp. 1 comprised 86% of the collections. The highest number of parasitoids emerging per leaf occurred in early June of 1983 and during September and October of 1983 and 1984.
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McCormack, J. G. "Effects of spermine on mitochondrial Ca2+ transport and the ranges of extramitochondrial Ca2+ to which the matrix Ca2+-sensitive dehydrogenases respond." Biochemical Journal 264, no. 1 (November 15, 1989): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2640167.
Full textAbstract:
1. Spermine has previously been reported to be an activator of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake [Nicchitta & Williamson (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12978-12983]. This is confirmed in the present studies on rat heart, liver and kidney mitochondria by using the activities of the Ca2+-sensitive intramitochondrial dehydrogenases (pyruvate, NAD+-isocitrate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenases) as probes for matrix Ca2+, and also, for the heart mitochondria, by using entrapped fura-2. 2. As also found previously [Damuni, Humphreys & Reed (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 124, 95-99], spermine activated extracted pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase. However, it was found to have no effects at all on the extracted NAD+-isocitrate or 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenases. It also had no effects on activities of the enzymes in mitochondria incubated in the absence of Ca2+, or on the Ca2+-sensitivity of the enzymes in uncoupled mitochondria. 3. Spermine clearly activated 45Ca uptake by coupled mitochondria, but had no effect on Ca2+ egress from mitochondria previously loaded with 45Ca. 4. Spermine (with effective Km values of around 0.2-0.4 mM) caused an approx. 2-3-fold decrease in the effective ranges of extramitochondrial Ca2+ in the activation of the Ca2+-sensitive matrix enzymes in coupled mitochondria from all of the tissues. The effects of spermine appeared to be largely independent of the other effectors of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, such as Mg2+ (inhibitor of uptake) and Na+ (promoter of egrees). 5. In the most physiological circumstance, coupled mitochondria incubated with Na+ and Mg2+, the presence of saturating spermine (2 mM) resulted in an effective extramitochondrial Ca2+ range for matrix enzyme activation of from about 30-50 nM up to about 800-1200 nM, with half-maximal effects around 250-400 nM-Ca2+. The implications of these findings for the regulation of matrix and extramitochondrial Ca2+ are discussed.