Journal articles on the topic 'Irving Iron Works Co'
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Várkonyi-Nickel, Réka. "Revisiting enterprise politics in the interwar Hungary: The case of The Rimamurány–Salgótarján Iron Works Co." Metszetek 7, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18392/metsz/2018/4/9.
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Bodyaev, Yu A., E. V. Burmistrova, V. G. Ovsyannikov, V. I. Frolov, S. A. Samoilin, and I. M. Shatokhin. "Updating the Circulating Vacuum Degassing Technology at the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works Joint-Stock Co." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 45, no. 3 (May 2004): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:refr.0000036718.26056.69.
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Yusop, Abdul Hakim, and Hendra Hermawan. "Synthesis and Development of Polymers-Infiltrated Porous Iron for Temporary Medical Implants: A Preliminary Result." Advanced Materials Research 686 (April 2013): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.686.331.
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Iron has been viewed as a promised biodegradable metal for temporary implants but its slow degradation is considered as the main limitation. Some works have been done to improve its degradation rate including by alloying and by processing through powder metallurgy. This work presents new approach to accelerate the degradation rate of iron by infiltrating biodegradable polymer into the pores of bulk iron foam. Solution of poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) or PLGA was infiltrated into the iron foam by vacuum infiltration method to form PLGA-infiltrated porous iron (PIPI). It was found that the existence of PLGA in the iron foam maintained the mechanical property as that of iron foam. Degradation test has shown that the PLGA lead the degradation in PIPI samples. This preliminary work has shown the potentiality of the incorporation of biodegradable polymers into biodegradable metals for tailoring their degradation rate.
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Pachernchaipat, Chaiyasith, Ruttanapun Chesta, Thongkam Montree, Kongteweelert Samart, Woramongkonchai Somsak, and Boonchom Banjong. "A Simple Route to Synthesize Ferromagnetic Binary Calcium Iron Pyrophosphate CaFeP2O7 Using Aqueous-Acetone Media." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.44.
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A binary calcium iron pyrophosphate CaFeP2O7 was synthesized by solid state route using the mixing of calcium carbonate, iron metal and phosphoric acid in aqueous-acetone media at 600 °C. The XRD datum indicates the formation of CaFeP2O7 phase without the presence of any phase impurities. FTIR result indicates the presence of the P2O74- anion in the structure. Sheet-like microparticle of CaFeP2O7 was revealed by SEM. Room temperature magnetization result showed ferromagnetic behavior of the synthesized CaFeP2O7, with saturation-specific magnetization value of 11.067 emu g-1 at 10kOe. The magnetic feature of the synthesized CaFeP2O7 in this work compared with M2P2O7 (M = Ca and Fe), its isotypic (CaMP2O7 (M= Mn and Co) and CFeP2O7 (C= Co and Cu) reported in our previous works is important properties for specific applications.
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Visloguzova, É. A., L. V. Serova, and A. G. Lyzhin. "New Areas for Application of Refractories at the Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Works Joint-Stock Co." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 45, no. 4 (July 2004): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:refr.0000046512.24060.46.
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Orizu, G. E., P. E. Ugwuoke, P. U. Asogwa, and S. U. Offiah. "A review on the inference of doping TiO2 with metals/non-metals to improve its photocatalytic activities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1178, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1178/1/012008.
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Abstract The band-gap energy of TiO2 nanoparticles has been modified using different methods. The study reviewed the effects of doping and co-doing TiO2 nanotubes with different metals and nonmetals to modify its band gap and improves the photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles. From our findings reviewing different articles, co-doing TiO2 using dissimilar metal ions like Cerium (Ce) together with nitrogen (N) ions or chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) ions will decrease particle size, broaden the area of the surface, and as well modifies the particle’s band-gap for visible light to energize an electron causing its movement from the valance band to the conduction band. The studies also revealed that co-doping TiO2 with chromium and iron metal ion demonstrated twice the photocatalytic activity for photodecomposition of gaseous-isopropyl alcohol when compared with single (Cr/Fe) doped TiO2 nanoparticles when exposed to visible light. The reviewed work estimated the optimal amount of Ce for Ce/N co-doped TiO2 at 0.05 grams. Different works of literature reviewed show that doping TiO2 with different transition metals reduces the band-gap for easy absorption of visible light and improvement in the photocatalytic activities of the nanoparticles.
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Bettiol, Giulia, Maria Rosa Valluzzi, E. Garbin, C. Menichelli, A. Lionello, and Claudio Modena. "Preliminary Studies for the Recovering of the Armstrong, Mitchell & Co. Hydraulic Crane of the Arsenal of Venice." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.519.
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In this paper, the preliminary study of intervention on puddle iron and cast iron Hydraulic crane, situated in the “Arsenale” of Venice is described. The crane was built by Armstrong, Mitchell & Co. in 1885. It is one of the most important and the last remaining example of XIX century innovation of English engineering, after the disposal of other Armstrong Company cranes. Thanks to the interest of the Superintendency of Venice and The Venice in Peril Fund UNESCO Committee, the crane is now undergoing restoration works. To design and execute the restoring interventions of the crane, a preliminary study was necessary. The first fundamental step consisted on performing a detailed historical research, focused in particular of the past interventions and on identifying the most important causes of damage.
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Poornajar, Mahshid, Nhat Nguyen, Hyo-Jin Ahn, Markus Büchler, Ning Liu, Stepan Kment, Radek Zboril, Jeong Yoo, and Patrik Schmuki. "Fe2O3 Blocking Layer Produced by Cyclic Voltammetry Leads to Improved Photoelectrochemical Performance of Hematite Nanorods." Surfaces 2, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces2010011.
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Hematite is a low band gap, earth abundant semiconductor and it is considered to be a promising choice for photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, as a bulk material its efficiency is low because of excessive bulk, surface, and interface recombination. In the present work, we propose a strategy to prepare a hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanode consisting of hematite nanorods grown onto an iron oxide blocking layer. This blocking layer is formed from a sputter deposited thin metallic iron film on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) by using cyclic voltammetry to fully convert the film into an anodic oxide. In a second step, hematite nanorods (NR) are grown onto the layer using a hydrothermal approach. In this geometry, the hematite sub-layer works as a barrier for electron back diffusion (a blocking layer). This suppresses recombination, and the maximum of the incident photon to current efficiency is increased from 12% to 17%. Under AM 1.5 conditions, the photocurrent density reaches approximately 1.2 mA/cm2 at 1.5 V vs. RHE and the onset potential changes to 0.8 V vs. RHE (using a Zn-Co co-catalyst).
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Pandya, G. H., and D. M. Dharmadhikari. "A Comprehensive Investigation of Noise Exposure in and Around an Integrated Iron and Steel Works." AIHAJ 63, no. 2 (March 2002): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(2002)063<0172:acione>2.0.co;2.
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Bakare, Babatunde Femi, and Gbadebo Clement Adeyinka. "Evaluating the Potential Health Risks of Selected Heavy Metals across Four Wastewater Treatment Water Works in Durban, South Africa." Toxics 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060340.
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Poor and inadequate sanitation systems have been considered not only a human health issue, but also an environmental threat that instigates climate change. Nine heavy metals—arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)—were evaluated in influent and effluent water samples from four wastewater treatment plants in the Durban metropolis, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The results indicate that the mean concentrations of all the heavy metals in the influent samples ranged from 0.122 to 1.808 mg/L, while the effluent samples had a concentration ranging from 0.118 to 0.854 mg/L. Iron was found to be in the highest concentration and the concentration of Co was the lowest across the wastewater treatment plants. The levels for most of the heavy metals in this study were found to be above the recommended maximum concentrations in surface and effluent waters as stipulated by the World Health Organization, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa. According to the toxicity effect due to non-carcinogenic risks, As, Pb, Cr, and Cd are considered to be of medium risk in this study, indicating that a probable adverse health risk is very likely to occur. Additionally, the cancer risk (RI) values were lower than 10−3, which shows that cancer development is very likely in individuals who are exposed. Cancer development associated with dermal absorption is quite negligible; thereby, it does not raise any concerns.
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Nemchinova, Nina V., Alexey E. Patrushov, and Andrey A. Tyutrin. "Pyrometallurgical Technology for Extracting Iron and Zinc from Electric Arc Furnace Dust." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2023): 6204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106204.
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This study is aimed at developing a technology for processing electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) into granulated cast iron and a zinc-containing product. The study object was the dust from the EAF of PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region). It has been established that the dust contains valuable components in the form of ZnFe2O4 and ZnO. The processing of EAFD involves the reduction of Fe and Zn in a charge from their oxygen-containing forms with C and CO. The content of the charge components was calculated in % as follows: EAFD—17.44; scale—51.33; hard coal—20.61; quartz sand—4.71; lime—5.91. The experiments in the high-temperature LHT 08/17 furnace (Germany) allowed for defining the optimal temperature regime for reduction melting. As a result of laboratory tests, granulated pig iron samples were obtained, containing in wt%: Fe—95.27; C—4.4; S—0.07, and others. Captured zinc-containing product after calcination (to remove halogens) contained 90.21 wt% ZnO. The resulting granulated pig iron is recommended as one of the charge components in electrometallurgical steel production. The zinc-containing product is recommended as a raw material for Zn production and others.
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Zvara, Vladimír. "“He Has Lifted the Iron Curtain”: Reflections on Ján Cikker's Literaturopern and Their Reception." Studia Musicologica 59, no. 3-4 (December 2018): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/6.2018.59.3-4.6.
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Abstract During the 1960s, the operatic works of Slovak composer Ján Cikker were among the most often performed contemporary operas in Europe, especially in the two German states. The reasons of this success are as interesting as the reasons of the decline that occurred during the 1970s. In both cases, the intensity of the publisher Bärenreiter's support and marketing played an important role, as did the change of the audience's taste which brought a general decrease in the popularity of the post-war Literaturoper in the tradition of Richard Strauss, the music of which was moderately modern and did not fulfill (as it was not meant to fulfill) the requirements of New Music. The reception of Cikker's work, its aesthetic background, and its musical and dramatic solutions are exemplified within his chef d'oeuvre, the opera Vzkriesenie (Resurrection, 1962), based on Tolstoy's novel, which is highly consistent in its dramaturgy thanks to Fritz Oeser, the libretto's silent co-author.
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Ovsyannikov, V. G., Yu A. Bodyaev, and V. P. Andreev. "Introducing an Argon Bottom Blow Technology for Use in Steel Ladles at the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works Joint-Stock Co." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 45, no. 4 (July 2004): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:refr.0000046513.12246.af.
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Lukianova, Kateryna. "CURRENT DIRECTIONS OF THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS REGARDING THE USE OF IRON-BASED ALLOYS." Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., no. 5-6(171-172) (November 30, 2022): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2022.05.02.
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The article proves that important achievements of theoretical developments regarding the use of iron-based alloys are the scientific works of domestic researchers. Thus, in the dissertation research of Karpets M.V. for the first time, the phase composition, microstructure and physicо-mechanical properties of alloys of the Сr-Ni-Co-Fe-Cu-Al system in the concentration range (0-3 mol) of the content of chemical elements were systematically investigated. It was established that in the studied system, due to the high entropy of mixing, only simple solid substitution solutions based on fcc and bcc structures are formed, which are characterized by a high complex of physical and mechanical properties that are not inherent to any of the constituent components. It is substantiated that the main factor of phase formation in high-entropy alloys is the value of the average electron concentration of the alloy. The interval of values of the average electron concentration, in which bcc or fcc structures exist, depends on the rate of crystallization of the melt and the presence of elements prone to liquation in the alloy. Stabilizing elements of solid solutions based on phases with bcc (Al, Cr) and fcc (Cu, Ni, Co) structures were established. A significant scientific achievement should be considered the first developed high-entropy CrMnFeCoNi2Cu alloy based on a solid solution with an fcc phase structure, capable of being deformed by rolling at room temperature by 98% without the appearance of cracks or tears. Its phase composition, microstructure, and physical and mechanical properties at all stages of deformation were studied. It is shown that, for the first time in Ukraine, during cold rolling in the high-entropy CrMnFeCoNi2Cu alloy, similar to pure metals and alloys with an fcc structure, a rolling texture with the main component appears. The article provides examples of other theoretical developments regarding the use of iron-based alloys.
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Qiao, Zhe, Xue Feng She, Jing Song Wang, and Qing Guo Xue. "Current State of Gas Resource Utilization and Countermeasures of Energy Saving for Integrated Iron and Steel Works in China." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.165.
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Gas is an important secondary energy in integrated iron and steel works. In this paper we proposed the reasons for low gas utilization by analyzing the characteristics and recycling situation of gas resource. One is the relatively backward idea, the other is that the ways and means of optimizing gas utilization are also backward, then we come up with the countermeasures to improve gas resource utilization. First of all we should promote energy conservation of enterprise system, optimize comprehensive utilization of gas and improve the energy structure. Second is putting more investment in new technology development and take active use of new technology and new process, such as high temperature air combustion technology, combined cycle power plant technology, enriched technology of blast furnace gas and so on. Last is developing gas deep processing to promote co-products of steel and chemical industry. The high added-value chemical products can be obtained by technologies such as production of hydrogen and methyl alcohol with coke oven gas, synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether with converter gas and so on.
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Di Paola, Lorenzo, and Mario Tirino. "A cyberpunk symphony of dystopian nightmares: Towards an archaeology of early digital comics1." Studies in Comics 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/stic_00097_1.
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This article analyses the social and technological contexts in which the first contact between comics and digital technologies occurs. The history of digital comics begins during the 1980s through the intersection of technocultural practices and innovations that had a major impact on the comics industry. Through the analysis of Michael Saenz’s Shatter (First Comics, 1985) and Iron Man: Crash (Marvel, 1988) and Pepe Moreno’s Batman: Digital Justice (DC Comics, 1990), we will try to reconstruct the media and cultural processes that paved the way for the technical and expressive modes of future digital comics. The objective of the article is to demonstrate the paradoxical co-presence, in these works, of optimism and pessimism towards the possibilities guaranteed by information technologies. Indeed, on the one hand, the authors of these works experimented with the opportunities offered by still rudimental PCs and software. On the other, they embodied worries about the sociocultural traumas triggered by the technological, which translated on the expressive level in the prefiguration of dystopian futures dominated by cyberpunk atmospheres.
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Shabrina, Nanda, Mardiyanto Mardiyanto, and Abu Khalid Rivai. "MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPE IMAGE EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE FLOPPY DISC WITH VARIOUS LIFT HEIGHTS." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 21, no. 3 (October 29, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2020.21.3.5773.
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Magnetic Force Microscope Image Evaluation of Magnetic Iron Oxide Floppy Disc with Various Lift Heights. One of the advantages of Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) or better known as the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is its ability to "see" in detail at the level of atoms and molecules, so as to improve understanding of how a system works and leads to new discoveries in areas such as life science, materials science, electrochemistry, polymer science, biophysics, nanotechnology and biotechnology. To understand about the MFM mode, amplitude, phase and topographic image, a piece of a flop-py disk as references sample was used in various lift heights. In this paper presented the principles of AFM work and explain the necessary components of such equipment. The MFM images were taken in floating operation method at different heights namely 30, 40 and 60 nm between the surface sample and Co-Cr cantilever tip. Result showed the distance between the cantilever tip to the sample surface influenced the image quality. The best amplitude image could be taken in 60 nm distance.
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Lalazarova, Nataliia, Оlga Afanasieva, Olena Mykhailivna Rebrova, and Oleksandr Vozniuk. "Increasing wear resistance of the protective bush-ing of the centrifugal pump made of gray cast iron by chemical-thermal treatment." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 97 (September 5, 2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2022.97.0.90.
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Problem. The weak link that reduces the warranty time of centrifugal pumps is a unit that includes protective bushings and seals. The purpose of the bushings is to protect the rotor shaft from erosion, corrosion and wear. The bushing works under conditions of abrasive wear by elements of the seal packing and abrasive particles entering the liquid pumped by the pump. Due to accelerated surface wear, cast iron protective bushings do not satisfy the requirements service life. Goal. The purpose of the work is to increase wear resistance of pump parts made of gray cast iron by chemical and thermal treatment. Method. Metallographic studies of the structure were performed under a UIT MicroMet-D-101 microscope. Wear is studied using the roller-pad method on a friction machine. Sulfocyanation of cast iron samples was carried out in molten salts (K2CO3, CO(NH2)2, Na2S at 560°С at the bottom of the bath. Results. In the cast state, the microstructure of gray cast iron consists of ferrite, pearlite, double phosphide eutectic and lamellar graphite inclusions. The influence of exposure time during sulfocyanation in a bath with molten salts on the structure and properties of the formed surface layer was studied. The exposure was carried out for 2 hours, 3 hours 30 minutes and 6 hours. After exposure in the bath, a thin carbonitride layer is formed on the surface of the cast iron, and a layer consisting of iron sulfide is formed on top. Conducting wear tests showed that sulfocyanation increases the wear resistance of gray cast iron. An increase in the wear resistance of cast iron is provided by a hard carbonitride layer, and good workability – by a layer of iron sulfides, which acts as a lubricant. Scientific novelty. Increasing the exposure time during sulfocyanation in the bath for more than 3 hours 30 minutes does not affect the thickness of the carbonitride layer. Practical significance. As an optimal mode of sulfocyanation, exposure for 3 hours 30 minutes can be recommended, which provides a 4.8-fold increase in wear resistance.
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Schmidt, Paul J., Franklin W. Huang, Diedra M. Wrighting, Paul T. Toran, and Nancy C. Andrews. "Hepcidin Expression Is Regulated by a Complex of Hemochromatosis-Associated Proteins." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.267.267.
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Abstract Hemochromatosis is a common genetic disease resulting from increased dietary iron absorption and tissue iron deposition. Mutations in five unrelated genes are known to cause hemochromatosis in humans and mice. These encode the classic hemochromatosis protein (HFE), transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2), the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN), hemojuvelin (HJV), and the circulating anti-microbial peptide hepcidin (HAMP). Hepcidin binds to FPN, causing its internalization and degradation, thus decreasing cellular iron release. A basic understanding of the pathophysiology of FPN and hepcidin mutations has recently been elucidated; however, it was still unclear how mutations in HFE, TFR2, and HJV cause hemochromatosis. All are associated with decreased hepcidin production and inappropriately high levels of ferroportin activity. HFE, TFR2 and HJV are normally expressed in the hepatic cells that produce hepcidin. With collaborators, we showed that HJV acts as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) co-receptor. HJV binds to the BMP ligands and forms a complex with Type I BMP receptors, resulting in signaling through a SMAD pathway and induction of hepcidin expression. Disease causing mutations in HJV abrogate BMP co-receptor activity, and hepatocytes from Hjv−/ − mice have a blunted response to BMP2. HFE was known to form a complex with the classical transferrin receptor, TFR1. Several models have been proposed implicating this complex in the regulation of normal iron homeostasis, but they have not taken the role of hepcidin into account. To examine the HFE/TFR1 interaction in vivo, we developed mice expressing a mutant form of TFR1 that should constitutively interact with HFE. We found that these transgenic animals have a phenotype similar to Hfe−/ − mice, suggesting that TFR1 serves to sequester HFE to silence its activity. We next asked whether HFE might also participate in BMP signaling. We found that forced expression of HFE in a hepatoma cell line induces transcription of a reporter gene linked to the hepcidin promoter. It also induces transcription from a heterologous promoter containing BMP-responsive elements, suggesting that HFE works through the BMP pathway. In contrast, forced expression of TFR2 did not amplify expression of either reporter, but it prevented cellular release of a soluble cleavage product of HJV. Furthermore, we showed that both HFE and TFR2 are associated with HJV in a stable protein complex that can be isolated by co-immunoprecipitation or Ni-affinity chromatography. TFR2 appears to aid in the recruitment of HFE to this complex. We conclude that HFE and TFR2 thus serve to amplify BMP signaling through an HJV/BMP receptor pathway. Our findings provide a compelling explanation for the similar clinical hemochromatosis phenotypes resulting from mutations in these genes.
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Coetsee, Theresa. "The Role of Metallic Iron in Low Temperature Carbothermic Reduction of MnO: Phase Chemistry and Thermodynamic Analysis." Minerals 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111205.
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Manganese ore reduction is quite complex at intermediate reaction temperatures of 1100–1400 °C due to the formation of liquid oxide and/or alloy phases in varying phase proportions and distributions. Evidence in the literature shows that MnO reduction rates are higher for manganese ores of higher iron mineral content. This is due to a lowering of the manganese activity in the presence of iron and carbon in the alloy. Consequently, the minimum required temperature for carbothermic reduction of MnO is lowered. The simplification of the complex ore reduction system is achieved by reacting pure MnO with carbon instead of using gangue-containing ore. The effect of variation in the %C in the alloy product has not been well quantified in previous works. Here the complete alloy phase analyses are used to clarify the role of metallic iron added to MnO-Fe-C compressed pellets reacted at 1100 and 1200 °C. The phase chemistry analyses show that the alloy compositions follow a polynomial curve in %Mn vs. %C plots, with alloy phase compositions formed internal to the MnO particles containing lower %Mn (<50%) and lower %C (<6%) vs. alloy phase compositions formed external to the MnO particles at 60–71% Mn and 6–10% C. Most of the Mn-Fe-C alloy areas internal to the MnO particles are liquid at 1200 °C. Thermodynamic analysis shows that the low-temperature reduction (1200 °C) of MnO in the presence of metallic iron is possibly due to lowered Mn activity in the product alloy Mn-Fe-C alloy and reduction via CO.
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Persikov, E. S., P. G. Bukhtiyarov, L. Ya Aranovich, A. N. Nekrasov, and O. Yu Shaposhnikova. "Experimental modeling of formation of native metals (Fe, Ni, Co) in the earth’s crust by the interaction of hydrogen with basaltic melts." Геохимия 64, no. 10 (November 19, 2019): 1015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-752564101015-1025.
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In continuation of our early works, an experimental study of the kinetics and interaction mechanisms in the hydrogen-basalt melt system at a hydrogen pressure of 100 MPa and temperature of 1250C carried out. It was found in kinetic experiments that, despite the high reduction potential of the H2-melt system, the hydrogen oxidation reactions and the complete reduction of Fe oxides in the melt do not go to the end. As a result, initially homogeneous basalt melt becomes heterogeneous: H2O is formed in the fluid phase; H2O is dissolved in the basalt melts, and a small metal separation of the liquation structure formed at a temperature significantly lower than the melting temperature of the metal phases (Fe, FeNiCo alloy). The structure and dimensions of the experimentally established metal separations agree well with the natural data on the findings of small amounts of the metal phase, primarily iron and its alloys with nickel and cobalt, reported from magmatic rocks of various compositions and origins.
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Khan, Muhammad Shahid, Saeed Ahmad Buzdar, Riaz Hussain, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Muhammad Tahir Aleem, Muhammad Farhab, Muhammad Arshad Javid, Rana Waseem Akhtar, Iahtasham Khan, and Mashal M. Almutairi. "Cobalt Iron Oxide (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles Induced Toxicity in Rabbits." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 8 (August 9, 2023): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080514.
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The market for nanoparticles has grown significantly over the past few decades due to a number of unique qualities, including antibacterial capabilities. It is still unclear how nanoparticle toxicity works. In order to ascertain the toxicity of synthetic cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (CIONPs) in rabbits, this study was carried out. Sixteen rabbits in total were purchased from the neighborhood market and divided into two groups (A and B), each of which contained eight rabbits. The CIONPs were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Crystallinity and phase identification were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average size of the nanoparticles (13.2 nm) was calculated by Scherrer formula (Dhkl = 0.9 λ/β cos θ) and confirmed by TEM images. The saturation magnetization, 50.1 emug−1, was measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). CIONPs were investigated as contrast agents (CA) for magnetic resonance images (MRI). The relaxivity (r = 1/T) of the MRI was also investigated at a field strength of 0.35 T (Tesla), and the ratio r2/r1 for the CIONPs contrast agent was 6.63. The CIONPs were administrated intravenously into the rabbits through the ear vein. Blood was collected at days 5 and 10 post-exposure for hematological and serum biochemistry analyses. The intensities of the signal experienced by CA with CIONPs were 1427 for the liver and 1702 for the spleen. The treated group showed significantly lower hematological parameters, but significantly higher total white blood cell counts and neutrophils. The results of the serum biochemistry analyses showed significantly higher and lower quantities of different serum biochemical parameters in the treated rabbits at day 10 of the trial. At the microscopic level, different histological ailments were observed in the visceral organs of treated rabbits, including the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, and brain. In conclusion, the results revealed that cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles induced toxicity via alterations in multiple tissues of rabbits.
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Xu, Yun, Anja Winkler, Martin Helwig, Niels Modler, Maik Gude, Axel Dittes, Dominik Höhlich, and Thomas Lampke. "Numerical Investigation of the Magnetic Alignment of Fe-Co-Coated Single Reinforcement Fibers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2526, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2526/1/012036.
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Abstract Fiber-reinforced composites are progressively more used in a variety of industrial applications. In recent years, carbon fiber-reinforced plastics have become increasingly popular, particularly in the aerospace sector because they offer outstanding mechanical properties combined with low weight. However, the orientation and distribution of the fibers have a significant effect on the mechanical and physical properties of the composite materials. Using conventional manufacturing technologies, it is not always technologically possible to adjust the fiber orientation to the load direction. One possible approach to targeted fiber alignment is the combination of classical manufacturing processes with a superimposed alignment mechanism so that the fibers can be oriented according to the load during component manufacturing. In this context, the orientation and distribution of short and long fibers through an external magnetic field seem to be well-suited to be integrated into the conventional manufacturing process of fiber-reinforced composites. Therefore, the generally non-magnetic reinforcement fibers, e.g. carbon or glass fibers, need to be modified or coated with magnetic materials. In this paper, carbon fibers coated with an iron-cobalt alloy are prepared by electrodeposition for the validation of simulation models developed in previous studies. Furthermore, numerical studies are presented in regard to the orientation of such fibers in polymeric matrices. Thus, simulative investigations of the orientability of coated carbon fibers in polymeric materials are shown and the works provide an important reference for future studies of fiber orientation and alignment using magnetic fields.
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Takaki, Setsuo. "Influence of Alloying Elements on the Hall-Petch Coefficient in Ferritic Steel." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.181.
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Yield strength of ferritic steel increases with grain refinement standing on the Hall-Petch relation. In low carbon ferritic steels, the following relation is established between yield strength σy and grain size d: σy [MPa]= 100+600/√d [μm]. The Hall-Petch coefficient of interstitial free steels is substantially small as 0.15MPa·√m but it can be greatly increased by the existence of small amount of solute carbon less than 60ppm. As for the effect of substitutional elements such as Cr and P, some papers reports fairly large influence to the Hall-Petch coefficient of ferritic iron. However, the effect of small amount of carbon is sometime neglected or not cleared on the evaluation of Hall-Petch coefficient in ferritic steels. In order to evaluate the effect of substitutional elements, the research should be performed using interstitial free steels to eliminate the influence of solute carbon and nitrogen. In this paper, Hall-Petch relation was examined in iron, Fe-Cr alloys and Fe-P alloys with 0.02-0.05mass% Ti and the following results were obtained: 1) The Hall-Petch coefficient of interstitial free iron is about 0.15MPa·√m. 2) Chromium does not give any influence to the Hall-Petch coefficient of ferritic iron, although the friction stress σ0 is enhanced in proportional to chromium content (Δσ0 [MPa]=7×(mass%Cr)). 3) Phosphorus does not affect the Hall-Petch coefficient of ferritic iron or reduce it somewhat but increases markedly the friction stress σ0 (Δσ0 [MPa]=250×(mass%P)1/2). 4) Even under the co-existence of carbon with chromium and phosphorus, carbon dominantly works to increase the Hall-Petch coefficient of ferritic steels, but it is changeable due to the interaction between carbon and the other substitutional elements.
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Liao, Yao-Tang, Tsung-Cheng Wu, and Tzu-Chuan Chou. "Key success factor in the innovative transformation of state-owned roller enterprises in China." Filomat 30, no. 15 (2016): 4279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1615279l.
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The state-owned enterprises based iron and steel industry in China encountered the sharply decreasing business performance of large steel works resulted from the reform in 1990. Delphi Method is utilized for analyzing the strategies and approaches of innovative business model, and the MEFAS model is proposed for innovation management in roller industry, including material breakthrough, experience sales, focus marketing, corporate network alliance, real-time supply chain, reorganization, and innovative enterprise culture. Beijing Shougang Jingshun Rolls Co., Ltd. is sampled for the case study. Total 250 copies of questionnaires are distributed, and 178 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 71%. The result shows that Material R&D Innovation, weighted 0.208, about 20.8% of overall weight, is mostly emphasized, followed by Local Supply Chain Innovation (weighted 0.174), Construction of Innovative Culture (weighted 0.168), Reorganization (weighted 0.142), Marketing Innovation (weighted 0.129), Organizational Network Innovation (weighted 0.116), and Sales Innovation (weighted 0.063).
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Panopoulos, Kyriakos, Lydia Fryda, and Emmanuel Kakaras. "Atmospheric fluidized bed gasification of promising biomass fuels in southern European regions." Thermal Science 11, no. 1 (2007): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0701005p.
Full textAbstract:
Three promising biomass fuels from southern European regions were gasified atmospherically with air in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor with quartz or olivine as bed material. The fuels used were an agro-industrial residue (olive bagasse) and the energy crops giant reed and sweet sorghum bagasse. Varying air ratios and temperatures were tested to study the impact on the product gas composition and tar load. Tars were higher in the case of olive bagasse, attributed to its higher lignin content compared to the other two biomasses with higher cellulose. Giant reed gasification causes agglomeration and defluidisation problems at 790?C while olive bagasse shows the least agglomeration tendency. The particular olivine material promoted the destruction of tars, but to a lesser level than other reported works; this was attributed to its limited iron content. It also promoted the H2 and CO2 production while CO content decreased. Methane yield was slightly affected (decreased) with olivine, higher temperatures, and air ratios. Air ratio increase decreased the tar load but at the same time the gas quality deteriorated. .
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Maldonado, J., E. Villaver, and C. Eiroa. "Chemical fingerprints of hot Jupiter planet formation." Astronomy & Astrophysics 612 (April 2018): A93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732001.
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Context. The current paradigm to explain the presence of Jupiter-like planets with small orbital periods (P < 10 days; hot Jupiters), which involves their formation beyond the snow line following inward migration, has been challenged by recent works that explore the possibility of in situ formation. Aims. We aim to test whether stars harbouring hot Jupiters and stars with more distant gas-giant planets show any chemical peculiarity that could be related to different formation processes. Methods. Our methodology is based on the analysis of high-resolution échelle spectra. Stellar parameters and abundances of C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn for a sample of 88 planet hosts are derived. The sample is divided into stars hosting hot (a < 0.1 au) and cool (a > 0.1 au) Jupiter-like planets. The metallicity and abundance trends of the two sub-samples are compared and set in the context of current models of planet formation and migration. Results. Our results show that stars with hot Jupiters have higher metallicities than stars with cool distant gas-giant planets in the metallicity range +0.00/+0.20 dex. The data also shows a tendency of stars with cool Jupiters to show larger abundances of α elements. No abundance differences between stars with cool and hot Jupiters are found when considering iron peak, volatile elements or the C/O, and Mg/Si ratios. The corresponding p-values from the statistical tests comparing the cumulative distributions of cool and hot planet hosts are 0.20, <0.01, 0.81, and 0.16 for metallicity, α, iron-peak, and volatile elements, respectively. We confirm previous works suggesting that more distant planets show higher planetary masses as well as larger eccentricities. We note differences in age and spectral type between the hot and cool planet host samples that might affect the abundance comparison. Conclusions. The differences in the distribution of planetary mass, period, eccentricity, and stellar host metallicity suggest a different formation mechanism for hot and cool Jupiters. The slightly larger α abundances found in stars harbouring cool Jupiters might compensate their lower metallicities allowing the formation of gas-giant planets.
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Ganapathe, Lokesh Srinath, Jamal Kazmi, Mohd Ambri Mohamed, and Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin. "Molarity Effects of Fe and NaOH on Synthesis and Characterisation of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles for Potential Application in Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8110161.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the effect of molarity on the structural, magnetic, and heat dissipation properties of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) was investigated to optimise the parameters for potential application in magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT). MHT works based on the principle of local temperature rise at the tumour site by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) with the application of an alternating magnetic field. MHT is a safe method for cancer treatment and has minimal or no side effects. Magnetite (Fe3O4) is the best material among MIONPs to be applied in local MHT due to its biocompatibility and high saturation magnetisation value. MNPs were prepared by co-precipitation at varying molarity. Structural characterisation was performed via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) for crystalline structure analysis and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for morphology and particle size analysis. Measurement of the magnetic properties of the as-synthesised MNPs was carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Power loss (P) was determined theoretically. The increase in molarity resulted in significant effects on the structural, magnetic, and heat dissipation properties of MNPs. The particle size and saturation magnetisation (Ms) decreased with the gradual addition of base but increased, together with crystallinity, with the gradual addition of iron source. M3 recorded the smallest crystalline size at 3.559 nm. The sample with the highest molarity (M4) displayed the highest heat generation capacity with a p value of up to 0.4056 W/g. High p values at the nano-scale are crucial, especially in local MHT, for effective heat generation, thus proving the importance of molarity as a vital parameter during MNP synthesis.
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Cataldo, Franco. "Organic matter formed from hydrolysis of metal carbides of the iron peak of cosmic elemental abundance." International Journal of Astrobiology 2, no. 1 (January 2003): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550403001393.
Full textAbstract:
This work is a modern revisitation of an old idea of great chemists of the past such as Berthelot, Mendeleev, Cloez and Moissan: the formation of organic matter under pre-biotic conditions starting from the hydrolysis of metal carbides. This idea was originally proposed for the formation of petroleum in the Earth and was extended to other bodies of the solar system by Sokolov at the end of the 19th century. The reason for this revisitation lies in the fact that complex organic matter resembling a petroleum fraction may exist in certain protoplanetary nebulae. The present work starts with a survey of the theory of the inorganic origin of petroleum and reports on current evidence for its derivation from residues of formerly living matter, but also considers theories that admit both a biogenic and an abiogenic origin for petroleum. By considering the cosmic abundance of elements and the evidence concerning the presence of carbides in meteorites, we discuss the formation, structure and hydrolysis products derived from the metal carbides of the iron peak of cosmic elemental abundance. Chromium carbide (Cr3C2) has then been used as a model compound for all the key carbides of the iron peak of the cosmic abundance (Cr, Fe, Ni, V, Mn, Co) and it has been hydrolysed under different conditions and the hydrocarbons formed have been analysed using electronic spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Methane, a series of about 20 different alkenes with single and conjugated double bonds have been detected. Paraffins are formed simultaneously with the alkene series but no acetylenic hydrocarbons have been detected. This study confirms early works considering the easy hydrolysis of the carbides of Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn and Co with the formation of H2, a series of alkanes including methane and a series of alkenes including ethylene. The peculiar behaviour of copper carbide (copper is inside the iron peak of the cosmic abundances) has been discussed as well. A survey of the hydrolytic behaviour of other carbides has been included so that all lanthanides and actinides are considered as well as carbides of the second and third groups of the periodic table of elements and highly refractory carbides such as those of Ti, Zr, Ta and W have been briefly discussed. Furthermore, the hydrolysis of mixed metal carbides and nitrides is discussed, which gives a mixture of extremely interesting molecules that are considered the raw materials for the formation of the molecules of life: guanidine, methyl hydrazine, formic acid, hydrogen cyanide, urea, cyanamide, methylamine and formaldehyde. The hydrolysis of metal carbides has also been discussed within the framework of other reactions that are well considered in the present day in an astrochemical context: the ion–molecule reaction, the Miller–Urey and the Sagan–Kaare synthesis as well as the catalytic Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and the radiation-driven Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
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Garrett, Marc. "Unlocking Proprietoral Systems for Artistic Practice." A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 7, no. 1 (July 6, 2018): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v7i1.115068.
Full textAbstract:
If we are co-designing our own iron cages, how do we find ways to be less dominated by these overpowering infrastructures and systems? How do we build fresh, independent places, spaces and identities, in relation to our P2P, artistic and cultural practices, individually and or collectively – when, our narratives are dominated by elite groups typically biased towards isolating and crushing alternatives? Does this mean that critical thought, aligned with artistic and experimental cultural ventures, along with creatively led technological practices, are all doomed to perpetuate a state of submission within a proprietorialabsolute?
To unpack the above questions we look at different types of proprietorial systems, some locked and unlocked, and consider their influence on creative forms of production across the fields of the traditional artworld, and media art culture. We look at how artists are dealing with these issues through their artistic agency: individually, collaboratively, or as part of a group or collective. This includes looking at the intentions behind the works: their production and cultural and societal contexts, where different sets of values and new possibilities are emerging, across the practice of art, academia, and technology, and thus, the world.
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Kolesnikov, Alexander G. "Franz Lehár's vocal cycle “Aus eiserner Zeit” and the Facets of Austrian Patriotism 1914–1918." ТЕАТР. ЖИВОПИСЬ. КИНО. МУЗЫКА, no. 2 (2023): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35852/2588-0144-2023-2-83-103.
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For the first time in Russian science, the article examines in detail the vocal cycle of Franz Lehár “From the Iron Age” (“Aus eiserner Zeit”, 1915), which reflected the realities of the First World War. The classic of the new Vienna operetta appears in this work as a tragic artist. His traumatic, personal experience causes a radical experiment. It is peculiarly inscribed in the broad German and Austrian tradition of the Lied genre. The author of the article analyzes five songs included into the series, as well as the context of their creation. Lehár's composition correlates with the concept of a political order. Thus the author comes to the following conclusion: the propaganda orientation of the composer's war songs has been transformed into a deep lyrical statement. There are highlighted the features of form and style, compositional techniques. One of the features of the composer's approach is irony on the edge of tragic grotesque. At the same time, the mastery that Lehár invariably demonstrates in stage compositions remains unchanged and obvious in the small form of the intimate composition. Attention is paid to the literary basis of the works, biographical information about the composer's co-authors, archetypes and prototypes, the concept of “patriotism” in the Austrian national and artistic tradition.
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Soliman Hunter, T., P. Brenan, and D. Shannon. "Recycling of Australian oil and gas assets, an Australian Basel-compliant solution." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S72—S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21045.
Full textAbstract:
Australian offshore petroleum infrastructure decommissioning strategies are dictated by legal requirements set out in the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act, requiring prima facie that assets are removed from the title area. Legally, once assets are decommissioned, they require disposal at a Basel-compliant facility. This lack of Australian capability has forced titleholders to contemplate leaving infrastructure in situ (rigs-to-reef), which may well breach Australia’s international law obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the London Convention on Dumping at Sea (and associated Protocols). Australia’s closest Basel-compliant facility is located in Turkey. The experience of the Iron Chieftain in 2019 demonstrated the difficulty in using this facility. In 2019 the bulk carrier Iron Chieftain caught fire in Port Kembla, and was declared a Constructive Total Loss (CTL). Disposal required decontamination, seeking Basel export approval, and towing to Turkey via South Africa. Following 9 months to complete the application, the vessel commenced its tow. The vessel was not permitted to stop or enter the port waters of any port other than Turkey after leaving. If it did stop, the application ceased and a new application was required to be commenced. If the vessel arrived in a condition not acceptable to authorities, the vessel would be turned away, requiring it to return to its home port of Port Kembla where the application commenced from. In response to such difficulties, a new Basel-compliant recycling facility has been established, co-located to a green steel recycling works, delivering a near carbon-neutral asset recycling and disposal solution for Australia’s offshore energy infrastructure. Strategically located in the mouth of the Spencer Gulf, South Australia, this facility will provide a green whole-of-asset recycling and disposal solution in-country, removing towage expenses and CO2 emissions. This extended abstract articulates the Iron Chieftain experience, highlighting the issues facing petroleum infrastructure decommissioning and disposal in accordance with Basel requirements. It also provides an overview of the Whyalla recycling and disposal facility, presenting the case for circular economy, ethical asset decommissioning and Australian capability.
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Damian, Minodora. "Comercianti ai Resitei interbelice." Banatica 1, no. 33 (2023): 469–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/banatica.33.1.2023.art.25.
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The large demographic expansion in Reşiţa during the interwar period, a result of UDR [The Iron Works and Domains Resita] development, implicitly generated the clients number improving and, related to, a favorable climate in the overall economy progress. The palette of entrepreneurship in Reşiţa at that time registered both companies with a unique activity, mainly retail trade with mixed goods, and varios types of co‑operation: leasing, association and especially familial businesses. The familial businesses were mainly fraternal, the most significant samples being the companies of Fraţii/ Deutsch Brothers, Fraţii/ Markovsky Brothers, and Fraţii/ Bayer Brothers. None of them belonged to families of a Romanian origin, and it was another feature of the trade business in Reşiţa then (Deutsch Brothers – of a Mosaic origin; Markovsky Brothers – of a Polish origin; Bayer Brothers – of a German origin). Given the UDR economic boom and the image that the concern created, some of the traders found an opportunity in leasing businesses, with different connexed properties of UDR. So, Francisc Crăciun and, after, his sister Ana Crăciun managed “Oltenia” Cinema and Petru Gârlişteanu dealt with the UDR butcher’s. Some of the persons involved in the local administrative decisional fora were also identified as involving in such businesses. One of them, Petru Iacob, member of the Ad‑Interim Commission of Reşiţa and vice‑president of Reşiţa Board Appeal for Local Communal Duties, had a class A restaurant and also was a co‑owner (35% of shareas) of Philipp company. More than this, some sole proprietorships with over 1,000,000 lei capital are also to be noted down. Ioan Negru, Petru Lina, and Miloia Ioan were the ones who invested susten‑ able funds in their own businesses.
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Bessa-Oliveira, Marcos Antônio, and Edgar Cézar Nolasco. "Modern and contemporary, the bull insists on keeping itself as Art’s main character in Mato Grosso do Sul." PORTO ARTE: Revista de Artes Visuais 20, no. 34 (May 1, 2016): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2179-8001.62322.
Full textAbstract:
The State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, was established and politically from the geographic division of the State of Mato Grosso in 1977. The new State assumed the title of largest producer of dairy cattle and cropping in Latin America. Since then, various artistic themes have been addressed by local art production, as it has been done throughout Latin America: the artistic cultural productions turn their heads to their rural areas. From this period of division of states, cattle prevailed routinely as the most expressive theme of art production. In this production, cattle is preserved and supported both by the government and by its co-opted critics, which keep resonances in Mato Grosso do Sul’s artistic production. Horns, leather, iconographies, hot iron brands permeate the works made by artists born and residing in the State. This article aims to investigate critically this recurrence in artistic production between the years of 1977 and 2010, a period that marked the State of Mato Grosso do Sul as a particular artistic and cultural entity member of the National Assembly, by tracking the way in which the lowland landscape of the bull is still in keep with being an “artistic relief” representing the State. Using concepts like Charles Baudelaire’s beauty, as well as Theodor W. Adorno’s Essay as form, among others, this work aims to reflect on Mato Grosso do Sul’s current, post-division artistic situation. That is, why is the bull a constant in the state’s visual arts.
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J.J, Robert, Chineke T.C, and Chiemeka I.U. "ANALYSES OF PARTICULATE MATTER AT CONSTRUCTION SITES: CASE STUDY OF OBIO-AKPO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i1.2018.1593.
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This study focused on analyses of particulate matter generated from construction at some selected building sites in Obio-Akpo Local Government Area (latitudes 4°45'N and 4°60'N and longitudes 6°50'E and 8°00'E) Nigeria. The method of sample collection was direct deposition method under gravity. The masses of particulate matter collected from two construction sites (sampling sites 1 and 2) and a residential building for sampling site 3(control) for a period of three weeks and two days (April 19th – May 10th, 2017) were 0.06g and 0.04g for sampling sites 1and 2, while sampling site 3 being the control was 0.02g. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic analyses of the particulate matter samples revealed the presence of thirty three (33) elemental components which include; beryllium(Be), sodium (Na), magnesium(Mg), aluminium(Al), potassium(K),calcium(Ca), vanadium(V), chromium (Cr 52 & Cr 53), manganese(Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt(Co), nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), arsenic(As), molybdenum(Mo 95,& Mo 98), cadmium(Cd106,Cd108 & Cd 111), silver(Ag), indium(In), tin(Sn), antimony (Sb), barium(Ba), terbium(Tb), thallium(Tl), lead(Pb), bismuth(Bi), thorium(Th), and uranium(U). A good number of research works have shown that some of these elements constitute serious health problems to man when they are inhaled or ingested, hence the need for proper safety mechanisms to be put in place in order to protect construction workers and individuals living within the environment from their harmful effects.
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Karadeniz, Hatice, Eda Sağirli, and Serpil Yenisoy-Karakaş. "Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 at a suburban site in the northwestern part of Turkey." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220227219k.
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In this study, daily fine particulate matters (PM2.5) were sampled between 22 February 2011 and 22 February 2012 in Bolu Abant ?zzet Baysal University Campus. 277 PM2.5 samples were collected by using a stacked filter unit. Fifty-one elements (Li, Be, Na, K, Mg, Al, P, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, W, Pt, Au, Pb, Bi, Tl, Th, U) were determined using ICP-MS technique. The most frequently observed elements were Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ce, and Cd in PM2.5. Aluminum, Ca, Na, Fe, K, and Mg were the elements having the largest arithmetic means. The concentrations of elements in the summer seasons were higher than the concentrations of elements in the winter season except for As and Bi. Source apportionment of elements was performed by using positive matrix factorization. Five sources were determined for the samples namely sea salt (Na, K, Mg, Ca), coal combustion (As, Pb, Bi, Tl, Cd, Sb, Se, Mo), wood and coal combustion (K, Rb, Se, Cs, Sb, Pb, Bi, Tl, Fe, Mn, Cd), soil (Ca, Mg, Ti, Fe, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Th) and industrial activity (iron-steel works) (Cr, Mo, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mn, Cd, Sb, Ca). The factor of wood and coal combustion showed the same trend in the region for the whole year.
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Chushkina, Iryna, Nataliia Maksymova, and Iryna Semeniaka. "Impact of dredging on the environmental state of a small river with considering the composition of bottom sediments." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 40 (September 26, 2022): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2022.40.65-77.
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Reports on the environmental impact assessment of planned activities aimed at restoring the hydrological regime and sanitation of rivers do not always pay attention to in-depth analysis of the physicochemical composition of bottom sediments. The silt deposits have proven to be a good ameliorant for agricultural lands, provided they are of satisfactory quality. Bottom sediments, especially their fine alluvial fraction, accumulate various compounds and trace elements, including heavy metals. Analysis of the content of iron Fe, manganese Mn, cobalt Co, chromium Cr and determination of the integrated level of contamination of bottom sediments did not reveal their toxic contamination in the area of the village Kleshnivka and the village Petrykivka. Determination of "geoaccumulation indices" by G.M. Mueller allowed to classify the sediments of the Chaplinka River as unpolluted, and the man-caused load on the hydroecosystem as low. In compliance with the recommendations on the content of Mn grades in the soil cover of the obtained fifth Igeoclass, which provides heavy pollution and significant man-caused load on the hydroecosystem. To characterize the processes occurring in the hydroecosystem of the Chaplynka River, the bottom accumulation coefficient was calculated. The assessment of the ecological status of hydroecosystems revealed an overwhelming ecological emergency. There is a significant threat of deposits of iron Fe, manganese Mn in bottom sediments. Despite the low risk of contamination of bottom sediments with chromium Cr, the risk will increase due to the rather variable chemical composition of surface waters, and hence the possibility of an ecological crisis for the hydroecosystem. The sanitary condition of a small river could be improved by restoring its hydrological regime. The decrease in the efficiency of dredging works is related to the regulation of the regulation of the riverbed. In the vast majority of cases, hydraulic structures are not provided for or do not correspond to the current level regime of watercourses. After clearing the river bed, there is a danger of their secondary silting, due to the abandonment of part of the temporary dumps on the banks within the water protection zones without fixing.
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Lindeman, Carter, Traister Oglesbee, Claire McLeod, and Mark P. S. Krekeler. "Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Kinnikinic Quartzite at the Arco Hills Silica and Gold Project in Butte County, Idaho: Results of an Ore Quality Spot Check and Implications for Potential Plasma Furnace Processing." Minerals 10, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10060523.
Full textAbstract:
Plasma furnace processing has the potential to transform solar cell production. If informed decisions regarding silicon ore and mineral exploration can be made such that waste streams are also of high economic value, then production is ultimately more environmentally integrated. This study presents results from a spot check of the Kinnikinic Quartzite, ~4.5 km east of Arco, Butte County, Idaho (43.639091°, −113.243295°), for ore quality. The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics are explored within the context of a planned plasma furnace project at the sampled site and are compared to previous consulting reports. X-ray diffraction analysis detected only quartz, while scanning electron microscopy identified quartz grains, secondary quartz cement, trace amounts of potassium feldspar, minor iron oxides, and secondary illite. The bulk chemical characterization of 20 samples (including repeats) reports several wt. % variation in SiO2 from 96.47 to 99.66. Other notable chemical components include Al2O3, K2O, CaO, and Rb, all consistent with the presence of potassium feldspar (and illite). Gold concentrations vary from below detection (n = 12 out of 20) to a maximum concentration of 0.086 ppm. Total sum REE concentrations vary from 13 to 143 ppm. Conservatively and optimistically, assuming ideal extraction and recovery in plasma furnace operation, a resulting waste stream would have approximately 15.2 ppm (0.488 oz./metric ton) gold and 3400 ppm REE in the average waste. Gold (and REE extraction) may, however, be complicated by the presence of Fe and Cu if cyanide approaches were implemented. Gold concentrations are significantly lower than reported in previous work, warranting further characterization of this unit locally and regionally in order to characterize ore potential. This study works to demonstrate the possibility of evaluating other potential silicon ore units, such as the St. Peter Sandstone in Illinois and Missouri, for the co-production of materials in support of an emerging green economy.
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Vormoor, Britta Julia, Tobias Menne, Joshua Savage, Amit Patel, Anna Castleton, Adele Kay Fielding, Donna Lancaster, et al. "The MEK Inhibitor Selumetinib in Combination with Dexamethasone Leads to Responses in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Relapsed RAS-Pathway Mutated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of a Phase 1/2 Study." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-185855.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a major therapeutic challenge and novel treatment strategies are urgently sought. RAS-pathway activating mutations are found in 38% of relapsed pediatric B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL patients ( J Irving, Blood, 2014). Additional mutations that activate the RAS-signalling cascade (NF1, BRAF, IKZF2, IKZF3, JAK1) have also been found with varying frequencies in relapsed ALL. Selumetinib, a potent MEK1/2 inhibitor, works synergistically with dexamethasone in mouse models of RAS-pathway mutated ALL by enhanced upregulation of the proapoptotic protein, BIM ( EC Matheson, Haematologica, 2019). Methods We conducted an international, parallel cohort, dose-finding and expansion trial to evaluate the combination of selumetinib with dexamethasone in adult and pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory T- or BCP-ALL harbouring RAS-pathway activating mutations. Selumetinib was supplied free of charge by AstraZeneca. Details of in-/exclusion criteria, treatment and dosages are described by T. Menne, BMJ open, 2022. The trial was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and after medical ethics committees of participating countries had approved the protocol. The trial was registered under NCT03705507 and ISRCTN92323261 and sponsored by the University of Birmingham. Results The trial opened to recruitment on 17-Apr-2018, the first patient was recruited on 18-May-2018. Twelve patients were included, 8 adults and 4 children. Six of the 8 adult patients had relapsed/refractory T-ALL, the remaining patients had BCP-ALL. Further patient characteristics are summarized in table 1. Pharmacokinetic measurements demonstrated lower maximum concentrations for pediatric patients on dose level -1, and no significant effect of CYP3A4 induction was observed. A total of 561 Adverse Events (AEs) were reported for 11/12 patients. For 1 patient who died on day 3 of treatment due to leukemia related events, no AEs were reported. 3/11 patients (27%) had AEs of a maximum grade 1-3, 5 patients (45%) had a maximum AE grade 4, and 3 patients (27%) suffered a grade 5 AE (2x sepsis, pneumonia). Further details of AEs are depicted in table 2. Sixteen serious adverse events (SAEs) were observed in 9 patients. Of those, 11 were due to infection, and all 9 patients had an SAE involving infection, most frequently neutropenic fever or sepsis. Three SAEs were fatal: one concerned a child with sepsis who had stopped trial treatment 14 days previously. Two patients were adults: one became septic 2 days after being admitted for myopathy/weakness and collapsed shortly after starting antibiotics. The 2 nd patient was admitted with fever, diagnosed with pneumonia and died 5 days later of cardiac arrest. All fatal events occurred before the last of 3 urgent safety measures were implemented in September 2019, changing the continuous dexamethasone dosing to pulsed doses and mandating antimicrobial prophylaxis. The 5 non-infection SAEs were anaemia, constipation, myopathy/weakness, fatigue and heart failure. Response data are available for 9/12 patients. Two patients died before reaching the 1 st bone marrow assessment after 28 days, and 1 patient stopped trial treatment after 11 days. Of the remaining 9 patients, 5 were non-responders (56%) and 4 (44%) had a complete remission (CR), or a CR with incomplete platelet recovery (3 adults, 1 child; response rate 44%). Of the 4 patients in CR, 2 adults had relapsed T-ALL and stayed on treatment for 3 to almost 5 months. Of the responding BCP-ALL patients, 1 patient died of pneumonia in cycle 2, and 1 pediatric patient progressed after cycle 2 then discontinued. Conclusion Recruitment to the trial was unexpectedly slow, due to competing new treatment options (commercial CAR-T cells, blinatumomab, inotuzumab), delays in opening international centres and recruitment stops due to COVID. Initially, the trial suffered from frequent SAEs concerning infections, which lead to a total of 3 urgent safety measures in 2018 and 2019, including lowering the dose of dexamethasone in the 2 nd half of cycle 1, mandating fluoroquinolone and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and finally changing continuous dexamethasone to pulses. The response data with 44% of patients achieving a CR is promising and will need to be further evaluated in the context of targeted treatment approaches for RAS-altered leukemias, especially for relapsed T-ALL.
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Russell, Michael J. "Prospecting for life." Interface Focus 9, no. 6 (October 18, 2019): 20190050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0050.
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Books with titles like ‘The Call of the Wild’ seemed to set a path for a life. Thus, I would be an explorer—a plan that did not work out so well, at least at first. On leaving school I got a job as a ‘Works Chemist Improver’, testing Ni catalysts for the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol. Taking night classes I passed enough exams to study geology at Queen Mary College, London. Armed thus I travelled to the Solomon Islands where geology is a ‘happening’! Next was Canada to visit a mine sunk into a 1.5 billion year old Pb–Zn orebody precipitated from submarine hot springs. At last I reached the Yukon to prospect for silver. Thence to Ireland researching what I also took to be ‘exhalative’ (i.e. hot spring-related) Pb–Zn orebodies. While there in 1979, the discovery of 350°C metal-bearing acidic waters issuing from submarine Black Smoker chimneys in the Pacific sent us searching for fossil examples in the Irish mines. However, the chimneys we found were more like chemical gardens than Black Smokers, a finding that made us think about the emergence of life. After all, what better for life's emergence than to have a membrane comprising Fe minerals dosed with Ni in our chimneys to mediate the ‘hydrogenation’ of CO 2 —life's job anyway. Indeed, such a membrane would keep redox and pH disequilibria at bay, just like biological membranes. At the same time, my field research among Alpine ophiolites—ocean floor mafic rocks obducted to the Alps—indicated that alkaline waters bearing H 2 and CH 4 were a result of serpentinization, a process that must have operated in all ocean floors over all time. Thus it was that we could predict the Lost City hydrothermal field 10 years before its discovery in the North Atlantic in the year 2000. Lost City comprises a number of alkaline springs at up to 90°C that produce carbonate and brucite (Mg[OH] 2 ) chimneys. We had surmised that Ni-enriched FeS chimneys would have precipitated at comparable alkaline springs issuing into a metal-rich carbonic ocean on the very early Earth (inducing membrane potentials comparable to those capable of succouring all life, and presumably, sufficient to drive life into being). However, our laboratory precipitates also revealed green rust, thought to be the precursor to the magnetite now comprising the Archaean Banded Iron Formations. We now look upon green rust, also known as fougèrite, as the tangible, base fractal of life.
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Riva, Marta, Alfredo Molteni, and Roberto Cairoli. "A Proposal for a Novel Approach to Fitness in the Elderly Patients: The "NO-Chain" Algorithm." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5943.5943.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A proper assessment of elderly patients is a relevant clinical problem in the onco-hematological setting. In this context, age and extra-hematological morbidity are of primary importance, but performance status and overall functionality related to geriatric age, as physical abilities, cognitive aspects and ability to self-management are not negligible. Thus, a defined multi-dimensional assessment is needed to differentiate between fit, unfit and frail older adults (Klepin ASH Education Program 2014). We propose a tool to evaluate the tolerance to more or less intensive treatments in over 60 years aged patients, and to estimate the impact on the outcome. Our algorithm is based on 4 main variables universally recognized: age, performance status, comorbidities and geriatric aspects (functional, physical and cognitive). 1- As regards age, two cut-off values were considered: 70-years limit because it represents the threshold below which the allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may still run; and the 85-year limit because it denotes the edge beyond which chemotherapy (also non-intensive) should not be administered. 2- About performance status, it was chosen the ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) scale more or equal to 3 as the limit beyond which chemotherapy should be avoided. 3- Considering co-morbidities, the SIE, SIES GITMO group consensus-based definition of inability to intensive and non-intensive chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (Ferrara et al. Leukemia 2013) was chosen to identify both patients candidate to intensive or candidate to only non-intensive chemotherapy. 4- Approaching the geriatric assessment, two levels of impairment were considered: the most important level of seriousness occurs when the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) functional scale is not overtaken; the lowest level of seriousness is verified if at least one among the functional Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale or the physical Short Physical Performace Battery (SPPB) scale or the cognitive Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale are not overcome. The stratification of patients works with some steps that must be excluded in order to get over the various levels of fitness (Figure 1). We call this approach the NO-chain algorithm. It foresees that: - Patient with at least one of the following features are considered frail: 85 or more years of age; at least 3 of ECOG; assessed functional impairment with the ADL scale <3; presence of major comorbidities including at least one of the six criteria, according to the SIE, SIES GITMO consensus-based definition of inability to non-intensive chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia. - Not-frail patient with at least one of the following features are considered unfit: age over 70 years; at least one of criteria, according to the SIE, SIES GITMO consensus-based definition of inability to intensive chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia; at least one among functional impairment assessed by IADL scale <4 or reduced physical performance by SPPB scale <9 or intellectual deficit by the MMSE scale <24. - All patients who get through all these steps are considered fit and potentially eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Although the used cut-off levels might need amelioration in the practice, the basic principle of this algorithm is the definition of fitness actually correlated to the patient's condition in itself, regardless of the hematological disease. The algorithm was originally developed for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but subsequently applied to patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and to the other hematological malignancies. The application is undoubtedly different, depending on the disease the patient is affected by and its classification. For instance: an AML frail patients, regardless of biological risk, can be candidate only to supportive care; a low-risk MDS frail patients may still be candidate to pharmacological therapy as erythropoiesis stimulating agents or iron chelation therapy. The validation of this algorithm has to be carried out within each hematologic malignancy and must take into account the specific application. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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"Aikawa Iron Works Co., Ltd." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 68, no. 9 (2014): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.68.1025.
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Baudh, Anjali, Rahul Sharma, Sweta Sharma, and Rajesh Kumar Upadhyay. "Effect of Lanthanum and Iron Doping on Nickel‐Based Alumina and Ceria Supported Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methane." ChemistrySelect 9, no. 19 (May 15, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202401393.
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AbstractMembrane reformers emerge as an efficient technology for ‘on‐site’ ultra‐pure hydrogen production. The membrane reformer can be integrated with PEM fuel cell (PEMFC) to provide power. However, as the PEMFC works at lower temperature hence, such integration requires a low temperature catalyst. Further, for successful integration of membrane reformer with PEMFC, a low CO selective catalyst is vital. In current work, Ni‐based alumina and ceria supported catalysts are used. The effect of La and Fe promoters on the performance of Ni‐based alumina and ceria supported catalysts are investigated. The catalysts are synthesized using wet impregnation method. A complete characterization of catalysts is performed using BET, XRD, FESEM, and EDX. Fe promoted catalysts shows low CO and high CO2 selectivity which is desirable for membrane reformer. However, the catalytic activity of Fe promoted Ni‐based alumina and ceria supported catalysts were low. La promoted Ni‐based catalysts show high catalytic activity on both alumina and ceria supported catalysts. La promoted catalysts also gives low start up time, high catalytic activity and low CO selectivity at low temperature. Ni−La/Al2O3 catalyst provides 50 % conversion and 12 % CO selectivity at 500 °C. This makes it suitable for ‘on‐site’ generation of ultra‐pure hydrogen through membrane reformer.
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Yasukawa, Tomohiro, Katja S. Håheima, Julien Boutet, Pierre Gilles, Juliette Martin, and Janine Cossy. "Earth-Abundant Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of 1-Bromo-Cyclobut-1-enes with Grignard Reagents." Synlett, June 17, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2347-1143.
Full textAbstract:
Cross-coupling reactions have been developed between C2-substituted 1-bromo-cyclobut-1-enes and Grignard reagents using two effective catalysts e.g. Fe(acac)3 and Ni(acac)2. The iron catalyst works in THF but requires NMP as the co-solvent, with the advantage of achieving cross-coupling reactions with alkyl Grignard reagents. The nickel catalyst was able to promote the reactions in THF without any additive and showed high reactivity with electron-rich aryl Grignard reagents. These catalyts gave various types of substituted cyclobutenes in good yields.
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Schwarze, Konstantin, Thomas Geißler, Michael Nimtz, and Robert Blumentritt. "Demonstration and scale‐up of high‐temperature electrolysis systems." Fuel Cells, October 19, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202300059.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHigh‐temperature electrolysis (HTE) is a key to link the electricity sector with other industries and to evolve the electricity transition into a full energy transition. After years of development, HTE is now on the threshold to reach market readiness. The present work shows the latest achievements of Sunfire's development based on the results of the project GrInHy2.0 demonstrating hydrogen production (solid oxide electrolysis cell [SOEC]) in an industrial environment and the project SynLink demonstrating co‐electrolysis (Co‐SOEC) for renewable synthesis gas production. The GrInHy2.0 system is a 720 kWAC electrolyzer operating in the iron‐and‐steel works Salzgitter (Germany). It is now in operation for approx. 14,500 h and achieved a mean degradation rate below 23 mOhm cm2 kh−1 and an electrical efficiency of up to 84%LHV. It also proved that HTE now reached industrial‐relevant availability of over 90%. While the HTE system in Salzgitter consists of eight modules, a single module was tested in co‐electrolysis mode within the project SynLink. It demonstrated synthesis gas generation via Co‐SOEC with a flexible H2/CO ratio between 1 and 4. The work provides insight into how HTE will play a major role in the near future to efficiently produce renewable feedstock for an economy with a drastically reduced carbon footprint.
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Jia, Yong, and Jianqi Lei. "Ketones Production by Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose Using Iron-Modified Ni-Co Composite Catalyst: Products Distribution, Behaviour and Bio-oil Characteristics." Energy Exploration & Exploitation, May 25, 2023, 014459872311648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01445987231164817.
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In this work, the iron-modified Ni-Co composite catalyst was synthesized, and its catalytic effect on product distribution, behaviour and liquid characteristics was deeply studied. The result showed that the synthesized catalyst significantly improved the pyrolysis behaviour of cellulose, and the decomposition of cellulose occurred earlier. The highest yield of liquid product was 56.79wt%, which was obtained by adding the NCF-6 catalyst. The optimal ratio of catalyst in the sample was 5%, and the optimal pyrolysis temperature was 530°C. The characteristics of liquid product showed the introduction of the synthesized catalyst enhanced the decomposition of anhydrosugars and significantly promoted the generation of ketones in the liquid. The highest content of ketones in the liquid was 25.12%. Further analysis showed that the selectivity of 2(5H)-Furanone in the liquid component was strongest. These works provided an effective way to produce ketone-rich bio-oil from biomass.
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"Behaviour of trace elements during the naturel evaporation of sea water: case of solar salt works of Sfax saline (S.E. of Tunisia)." Issue 1 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30955/gnj.000613.
Full textAbstract:
We have carried out a geochemical study on the behaviour of certain trace elements
during the evaporative concentration of free brines (salinity from 41 to 400 ‰) of the solar
salt works of Sfax saline (S.E of Tunisia). The elements concerned by this survey are
Zinc, Cadmium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Lead, Copper, Aluminium, Iron and Barium.
Adequate analytical techniques, adapted to this environment of high salinity, have been
used to follow the evolution of the concentration of concerned elements in brines
subjected to the evaporation. The results obtained have been presented in function of
concentration factor calculated on the basis of the Lithium content in seawater (Coast of
Sfax) and those in the brines of salt works.
During the evaporation process, the concentration of trace elements in brines was
affected by the evaporation phenomenon for the same reason as the major elements.
Nevertheless, their concentrations remain very weak and don't reach their saturation
doorsteps. The participation of these elements in the mineral phases can take place only
by co-precipitation with saline paragenesis. It is the case of Zinc that can precipitate with
Sulphates Salts, the Cadmium, Barium and Copper with Carbonate and Gypsum, the
Manganese and the Molybdenum with Potassium Salts; others like Iron and Aluminium,
are characterized by a very complex behaviour and are subjected, therefore to effects
others than those of the evaporation and the co–precipitation. We can mention the
activity of the biological system and adsorption phenomena, in particular, on the organic
and mineral particles. They are frequent in ponds where brines are not yet very
concentrated; allowing an important biological productivity. Contents in these elements
are then variable and very dependent on the growth and the physiological state of the
organic matter. These micro-organisms use some metals in their metabolic activities, and notably those that act like vitamin factors. The analysis of sediment and algae sampled
from the first ponds of the saline, shows that they are capable as well to fix some
important quantities of trace elements. The liberation of these elements by deterioration
of organic matter, provoke the important fluctuations of their contents in free brines. In
basins where the biologic activity is very limited because of the increase of brines salinity,
the evolution of the concentration of trace elements translate the only effect of the
evaporation, counterbalanced by adsorption phenomenon and the co-precipitation with
the salts deposit.
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Henninger, Benjamin, Michaela Plaikner, Heinz Zoller, André Viveiros, Stephan Kannengiesser, Werner Jaschke, and Christian Kremser. "Performance of different Dixon-based methods for MR liver iron assessment in comparison to a biopsy-validated R2* relaxometry method." European Radiology, September 23, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07291-w.
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Abstract Objectives To prospectively evaluate a 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence with inline calculation of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2* (qDixon), and an improved version of it (qDixon-WIP), for the MR-quantification of hepatic iron in a clinical setting. Methods Patients with increased serum ferritin underwent 1.5-T MRI of the liver for the evaluation of hepatic iron overload. The imaging protocol for R2* quantification included as follows: (1) a validated, 2D multigradient-echo sequence (initial TE 0.99 ms, R2*-ME-GRE), (2) a 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence with inline calculation of PDFF and R2* (initial TE 2.38 ms, R2*-qDixon), and optionally (3) a prototype (works-in-progress, WIP) version of the latter (initial TE 1.04 ms, R2*-qDixon-WIP) with improved water/fat separation and noise-corrected parameter fitting. For all sequences, three manually co-registered regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in the liver. R2* values were compared and linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots calculated. Results Forty-six out of 415 patients showed fat-water (F/W) swap with qDixon and were excluded. A total of 369 patients (mean age 52 years) were included; in 203/369, the optional qDixon-WIP was acquired, which showed no F/W swaps. A strong correlation was found between R2*-ME-GRE and R2*-qDixon (r2 = 0.92, p < 0.001) with Bland-Altman revealing a mean difference of − 3.82 1/s (SD = 21.26 1/s). Correlation between R2*-GRE-ME and R2*-qDixon-WIP was r2 = 0.95 (p < 0.001) with Bland-Altman showing a mean difference of − 0.125 1/s (SD = 30.667 1/s). Conclusions The 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence is a reliable tool to quantify hepatic iron. Results are comparable with established relaxometry methods. Improvements to the original implementation eliminate occasional F/W swaps and limitations regarding maximum R2* values. Key Points • The 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence for 1.5 T is a reliable tool to quantify hepatic iron. • Results of the 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence are comparable with established relaxometry methods. • An improved version of the 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence eliminates minor drawbacks.
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Soliman Hunter, T. "Concurrent 12. Presentation for: Recycling of Australian oil and gas assets, an Australian Basel-compliant solution." APPEA Journal 62, no. 4 (June 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21341.
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Presented on Wednesday 18 May: Session 12 Australian offshore petroleum infrastructure decommissioning strategies are dictated by legal requirements set out in the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act, requiring prima facie that assets are removed from the title area. Legally, once assets are decommissioned, they require disposal at a Basel-compliant facility. This lack of Australian capability has forced titleholders to contemplate leaving infrastructure in situ (rigs-to-reef), which may well breach Australia’s international law obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the London Convention on Dumping at Sea (and associated Protocols). Australia’s closest Basel-compliant facility is located in Turkey. The experience of the Iron Chieftain in 2019 demonstrated the difficulty in using this facility. In 2019 the bulk carrier Iron Chieftain caught fire in Port Kembla, and was declared a Constructive Total Loss (CTL). Disposal required decontamination, seeking Basel export approval, and towing to Turkey via South Africa. Following 9 months to complete the application, the vessel commenced its tow. The vessel was not permitted to stop or enter the port waters of any port other than Turkey after leaving. If it did stop, the application ceased and a new application was required to be commenced. If the vessel arrived in a condition not acceptable to authorities, the vessel would be turned away, requiring it to return to its home port of Port Kembla where the application commenced from. In response to such difficulties, a new Basel-compliant recycling facility has been established, co-located to a green steel recycling works, delivering a near carbon-neutral asset recycling and disposal solution for Australia’s offshore energy infrastructure. Strategically located in the mouth of the Spencer Gulf, South Australia, this facility will provide a green whole-of-asset recycling and disposal solution in-country, removing towage expenses and CO2 emissions. This extended abstract articulates the Iron Chieftain experience, highlighting the issues facing petroleum infrastructure decommissioning and disposal in accordance with Basel requirements. It also provides an overview of the Whyalla recycling and disposal facility, presenting the case for circular economy, ethical asset decommissioning and Australian capability. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
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Vodennikova, O. S., S. A. Vodennikov, and Ya V. Bondarenko. "Modernization of the agglomeration factory of PJSC “KAMET-STEEL”: organizational, technological, environmental and technical and economic aspects." Metal and Casting of Ukraine 31, no. 4 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/steelcast2023.04.01.
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A short-term industrial project of modernization of the agglomeration factory of PJSC “KAMET-STEEL” (Ukraine, Kamianske) is proposed. The implementation of the project is carried out in three directions — improvement of agglomerate sintering technology, overhaul of agglomeration machine No. 7 and improvement of the gas purification process of process gases and aspiration of the main dust removal units. The implementation of the project involves the following stages: engineering works; supply of equipment and production of technological metal structures; construction and assembly works and putting the modernized agglomeration machine into operation. For the capital repair of agglomeration machine No. 7, it is proposed to carry out: repair of the longitudinal and transverse seals of the agglomeration machine; repair of the gas collector, vacuum chambers, dust bags, compensators in the sintering zone, vacuum chambers in the cooling zone; restoration of thermal insulation on the gas collector, vacuum chambers, dust bags. For the purification of process gases at the sintering plant of PJSC “KAMET-STEEL” it is proposed to: replace the exhauster; installation of a new gas treatment; improvement of aspiration systems; dismantling of quenching and return cooling drums. An opportunity is shown by improving the process of gas purification of process gases and aspiration of the main dust removal units, to achieve a dust content of no more than 30 mg/m3, a CO content — of up to 6500 mg/m3, an SOx content — of no more than 500 mg/m3, and to reduce the overall dustiness at the sintering plant by 20 %. The technical and economic substantiation of the feasibility of modernization of the agglomeration factory of PJSC “KAMET-STEEL” is given. It has been established that the introduction of agglomerate sintering technology due to the use of energy-saving measures will lead to a 1.08 % decrease in the cost of 1 ton of agglomerate, which in turn will affect the decrease in the cost of 1 ton of cast iron.