Journal articles on the topic 'Irrigation'
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Chandel, Divya. "A PV Powered Solar Water Pumping System Using Microcontroller." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40666.
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Abstract: The efficiency of the irrigation is predicated on the system uses, there are several different forms of irrigation system everywhere the planet however manual irrigations mistreatment motor pump are encountering several issues. Water resource distribution may be an important challenge to enhance crop productions. Tiny scale farmers are in want of an affordable and reliable system to irrigate crops and increase production. Presents PV battery-powered solar water pumping system for irrigationin developing countries. To design a water pumping system for irrigation that uses solar power for its operation. To style a pumping system that minimizes human interventions. To style a facility system that produces irrigation a lot of economical, since it’s planning to be operated by mobile phones. Solar battery-powered irrigation system is acceptable different for farmers in gift state of energy disaster automatic system. Planned wet detector primarily based star battery-powered system offers required waterto crop, water is used in good manner, through star panels, and electrical power downside isn't any a lot of. Keywords: Automated irrigation’s mobile, humidity sensor, Solar Panel
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Karlsen, Elizabeth A., C. W. Norris, and Ruth S. Hassanein. "The Effect of Stimulus Duration Using the Brookler-Grams Closed-Loop Caloric Irrigator." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 3 (June 1992): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3503.718.
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Nystagmic responses to traditional 40-sec, 30 °C water calorics were recorded and compared to those obtained with the Brookler-Grams closed-loop irrigator using 30 °C, 40-, 50-, and 60-sec irrigations. Significant differences were noted between the responses to the water irrigator and the 40- and 50-sec closed-loop irrigations. The 60-sec closed-loop irrigation produced responses that were equivalent to the responses obtained with the water irrigation in slow component velocity, amplitude, frequency, latency, and duration. The 30 °C 60-sec closed-loop irrigation is an acceptable stimulus in electronystagmographic caloric testing.
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Bajwa, M. S., and A. S. Josan. "Effects of Alternating Sodic and Non-sodic Irrigations on the Build-up of Sodium in the Soil and on Crop Yields in Northern India." Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (April 1989): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700016707.
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SUMMARYIn a field experiment, the effects of irrigating crops alternately with sodic water (high in sodium adsorption ratio and ) and good quality canal water were investigated for six years on a well drained sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept). The irrigation treatments included: irrigation with non-sodic canal water (CW), irrigation with sodic water (SW), CW irrigation alternating with one or two SW irrigations, and two CW irrigations alternating with one SW irrigation. The results showed that the use of sodic water increased the sodium saturation of the soil and decreased rice and wheat yields. The build-up of sodium depended on the number of SW irrigations during the season. The increase in sodium saturation and decline in crop yields were progressive over the years. The improvements in yield due to alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations compared with the use of sodic water alone increased over the years. Alternating sodic and non-sodic irrigations could therefore be considered a practical way to alleviate the problems caused by sodic water. The number of sodic irrigations during a season should, however, be kept to a minimum and the build-up of sodium in the soil over time should be monitored.
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Kaur, Jagmohan, S. S. Mahal, and Amarjeet Kaur. "Grain quality assessment of direct seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different irrigation regimes in Indian Punjab." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1254.
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Irrigation water, being a scarce resource, requires proper management for good quality aerobic basmati rice production. Field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to evaluate the effect of different irrigation schedules on grain quality of direct seeded basmati rice ‘Pusa Basmati 1121’. Ten treatments comprising of conventional puddled transplanting and nine in direct seeding were tested in randomized block design with four replications. Direct seeding treatments comprised of combination of withholding first irrigation for 6, 9 or 12 days after sowing and follow up irrigations at 30, 50 or 70 mm cummulative pan evaporation (CPE). The milling quality characters of rice like brown, milled and head rice recoveries were highest in conventional transplanting (81.4, 70.9 and 52.4 %, respectively) statistically at par with irrigation schedule of withholding first irrigation for 6 days and subsequent irrigations at 30 mm CPE (80.3, 69.9 and 51.1 %,respectively) significantly better than rest of the treatments.The other quality characters like protein content, minimum cooking time, elongation ratio etc. were also significantly affected by different irrigation schedules at 5 % level of significance. The maximum values of protein content (7.26 %) and minimum cooking time (23.5 minutes) were obtained in irrigation schedule of withholding first irrigation for 6 days and subsequent irrigations at 30 mm CPE whereas elongation ratio was maximum in conventional transplanting (1.87). In Indian Punjab, good quality direct seeded basmati rice can be obtained by holding the first irrigation for 6 days and then irrigating at 30 mm CPE with yields comparable to transplanted rice.
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M. Al-Zaka, Iman. "The Incidence of Pain after Root Canal Treatment Using Different Irrigation Methods." Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjds.2.1.7.
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The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative level of pain after root canal therapy using different irrigation protocol. Materials and method: in a clinical trial, 90 asymptomatic single-rooted teeth were treated endodontically with different irrigation techniques. The teeth were randomly assigned into three groups. In group I(n = 30), procedures were performed using an endodontic irrigating syringe (Vista, Appli-vac). The group II (n = 30) used an irrigation device based on subsonic system Endoactivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialist). In group III (n = 30) used Safety Irrigator (Vista Dental Products, WI). Pain levels were assessed by an analog scale questionnaire after 4, 24, and 48 hours. Results: during the all time intervals after treatment, the pain experience with group III was significantly lower than the other methods. In conclusion, an irrigation/evacuation system Safety Irrigator resulted in significantly less postoperative pain than subsonic Endoactivator and conventional needle irrigation
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Dhaka, Anil Kumar, Satish Kumar, Prakriti Dhaka, Ram Dhan Jat, and Bhagat Singh. "Biomass partitioning, yield and economic performance of green gram (Vigna radiate L.) genotypes as influenced by different irrigation levels." Environment Conservation Journal 24, no. 3 (June 25, 2023): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.15222512.
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A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of2020 with four main plot treatments consisting of irrigation levels (No post sowing irrigation, one irrigation at the flower initiation stage, one irrigation at the pod filling stage and two irrigations each at flower initiation and pod filling stage) and five subplot treatments as genotypes viz., MH 1142, MH 1468, MH 1703, MH 1762 and MH 1871 following split plot design by replicating thrice. Irrigating green gram, irrespective of the growth stage, increased the seed yield significantly. Two irrigations each at the flower initiation and podding stage bring about greater seed economic yield of green gram than 1 irrigation either at each stage. Among single irrigations, flower initiation stage provided significantly superior (8.6 %) seed yield compared to the pod filling stage. During the flower initiation stage, no rain and irrigation at this stage led to more development of crop plants, as is evident from a higher number of branches per plant and, ultimately, a higher number of pods. Two irrigations, i.e., each at flower initiation and podding phase, lead to considerably greater seed output than single irrigation at either growth stage, which may be attributed to the sufficient supply of water, which indirectly provided a smooth supply of nutrients to crop plants. The increase was 18.4 and 28.6 per cent over-irrigation at flowering and podding stage, respectively. Seed yield varied among green gram genotypes, which might be because of variations in the genetic potential of the genotypes. Genotype MH 1871 produced significantly higher seed yield among different genotypes. The cumulative effect of yield traits viz. pods per plant, branches per plant, seed index and seeds per pod attributed to the higher seed yield in MH 1871. This genotype was more efficient in utilizing radiations, as evident from the higher chlorophyll content recorded in this genotype. Genotype MH 1142 was the lowest yielder and MH 1762 although produced. To obtain a higher yield of green gram, genotype MH 1871 be taken with two irrigations each at flower initiation and pod filling stage.
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Kasniya, Pawan Kumar, and Opinder Singh Sandhu. "Alternate wetting and drying irrigation: A strategic approach to increase water productivity and managing of sheath blight disease in rice." JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY 54, no. 02 (June 2024): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.59467/jmpp.2024.54.122.
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The traditional practice of continuous flooding irrigation in rice cultivation has resulted in excessive groundwater exploitation and low water productivity of crop. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two irrigation techniques, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) on the development of sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) and water productivity of poplar rice cultivar PR 121 during the kharif seasons 2021 and 2022. Irrigating the rice fields two days after percolation of ponded water as follow AWD technique was identified the optimal irrigation practice for saving irrigation water and managing of sheath blight disease in rice crop. The AWD technique of irrigation was significantly reduced the disease severity (32.3%), number of irrigations (21.3%) and volume of irrigation water (20.3%), while increasing water productivity (29.9%) and grain yield (1.26%) as compared to the traditional continuous flooding system in rice cultivation.. KEYWORDS :Irrigation, severity, sheath blight, water productivity, yield
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Kassaye, Kassu Tadesse, Wubengeda Admasu Yilma, Mehiret Hone Fisha, and Dawit Habte Haile. "Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Alternate Furrows and Deficit Irrigation." International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (November 24, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8869098.
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The benefits of water-saving techniques such as alternate furrow and deficit irrigations need to be explored to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population within the context of declining availability of irrigation water. In this regard, field experiments were conducted for 2 consecutive dry seasons in the semiarid region of southwestern Ethiopia and investigated the influence of alternate furrow irrigation method with different irrigation levels on the yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and profitability of potato production. The experiment comprised of 3 irrigation methods: (i) conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), (ii) alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and (iii) fixed furrow irrigation (FFI) combined factorially with 3 irrigation regimes: (i) 100%, (ii) 75%, and (iii) 50% of the potato water requirement (ETC). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design replicated thrice. Results revealed that seasonal irrigation water applied in alternate furrows was nearly half (170 mm) of the amount supplied in every furrow (331 mm). Despite the half reduction in the total amount of water, tuber (35.68 t ha−1) and total biomass (44.37 t ha−1) yields of potato in AFI did not significantly differ from CFI (34.84 and 45.35 t ha−1, respectively). Thus, AFI improved WUE by 49% compared to CFI. Irrigating potato using 75% of ETC produced tuber yield of 35.01 t ha−1, which was equivalent with 100% of ETC (35.18 t ha−1). Irrigating alternate furrows using 25% less ETC provided the highest net return of US$74.72 for every unit investment on labor for irrigating potato. In conclusion, irrigating alternate furrows using up to 25% less ETC saved water, provided comparable yield, and enhanced WUE and economic benefit. Therefore, farmers and experts are recommended to make change to AFI with 25% deficit irrigation in the study area and other regions with limited water for potato production to improve economic, environmental, and social performance of their irrigated systems.
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Kebede, Solomon, Ashebir Tefera, and Gebeyehu Molla. "Response of Durum Wheat to Deficit Irrigation." Innovation 5, no. 2 (July 23, 2024): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.innov.20240502.12.
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Deficit irrigation trial has been conducted to see the response of durum wheat to the extent of deficit irrigation at Debre Zeit research center for three successive seasons from 2016 to 2018. Establishment irrigations were given for all plots after swing and irrigation water application events were monitored using long term meteorological data and soil moisture readings. Irrigation water application depths (amount of water applied) were calculated from cumulative crop evapotranspiration (ETc) values in a given period and plots were irrigated with depths that was replenish 100 %, 75%, and 50 % of the cumulative ETc as per the treatment to be applied. Measured amount of irrigation water applied to every plot measured by using 3 inch Parshall flume. Results indicated those grain yields significantly affected by deficit irrigation levels and furrow irrigation methods. The highest mean grain yield of 5.8 t/ha attained from 75% ETc irrigation level with alternate furrow irrigation method while the lowest mean yield of 3.989 t/ha was obtained from treatment irrigated with 50% ETc and conventional furrow irrigation method. Therefore, based on the current findings, the highest grain yield was obtained at 75% ETc with alternate furrow irrigation system while the highest WUE was recorded at irrigating 100% ETc with alternate furrow system.
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Bryla, David R., Elizabeth Dickson, Robert Shenk, R. Scott Johnson, Carlos H. Crisosto, and Thomas J. Trout. "Influence of Irrigation Method and Scheduling on Patterns of Soil and Tree Water Status and Its Relation to Yield and Fruit Quality in Peach." HortScience 40, no. 7 (December 2005): 2118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2118.
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A 3-year study was done to determine the effects of furrow, microspray, surface drip, and subsurface drip irrigation on production and fruit quality in mature `Crimson Lady' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. Furrow and microspray irrigations were scheduled weekly or biweekly, which is common practice in central California, while surface and subsurface drip irrigations were scheduled daily. Trees were maintained at similar water potentials following irrigation by adjusting water applications as needed. Tree size and fruit number were normalized among treatments by pruning and thinning each season. Surface and subsurface drip produced the largest fruit on average and the highest marketable yields among treatments. Drip benefits appeared most related to the ability to apply frequent irrigations. Whether water was applied above or below ground, daily irrigations by drip maintained higher soil water content within the root zone and prevented cycles of water stress found between less-frequent furrow and microspray irrigations. With furrow and microsprays, midday tree water potentials reached as low as –1.4 MPa between weekly irrigations and –1.8 MPa between biweekly irrigations, which likely accounted for smaller fruit and lower yields in these treatments. To reduce water stress, more frequent irrigation is probably impractical with furrow systems but is recommended when irrigating during peak water demands by microspray.
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Papadopoulos, Athanasios, Uttam Saha, Xuiming Hao, and Shalin Khosla. "(308) Irrigation Strategies for Rockwool-grown Greenhouse Tomatoes." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1012A—1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1012a.
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In rockwool-grown greenhouse vegetables, unsatisfactory spatial root development, rapid root collapse, and increased incidence of root diseases are very common. Improved water management could alleviate these problems to some extent, because this could favorably modify water-air distribution in the slab, thereby improving greenhouse vegetable yield and quality. The present study tested six irrigation strategies on the productivity of rockwool-grown tomatoes (cv. Rapsodie) during Jan.o–Aug. 2004. The four treatments, based on electronic Grodan? water content meters (WCMs), received irrigations when the slab water content (SWC) was ≈60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% while the other two treatments, based on balances, applied irrigations after a 700- or 500-g loss in the daily-adjusted slab weight (LDASW). Initially, we noticed a heterogeneous EC build-up in the slabs across various treatments, which probably distorted the expression of treatment effects (if any) on plant growth, yield, and water use. To minimize this problem, an EC control strategy of applying extra irrigation was devised and adopted in two sequential phases: 1) application of a 30-minute-long extra irrigation twice a week (for 7 weeks); and 2) extra irrigation(s) using the irrigation control routine of an Argus computer when the slab EC was ≈3.5 mS/cm (for 5 weeks). Slab EC was well controlled in both these phases and we observed significant treatment effects on root growth and marketable yield. Analyzing the results, we concluded that irrigating at 70% to 80% SWC was best for maximum root growth as well as marketable yield. The two irrigation treatments based on the 700- and 500-g LDASW were well maintained and performed equally well, producing marketable yields comparable to those produced by irrigating at 70% and 80% SWC.
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Butts, Christopher L., Ronald B. Sorensen, and Marshall C. Lamb. "Irrigator Pro: Progression of a Peanut Irrigation Scheduling Decision Support System." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 5 (2020): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13909.
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HighlightsThe logic used in developing a decision support system for irrigating peanut based on max/min soil temperature is describedLogic to transform decision support system from peanut to irrigate corn and cotton with and without soil sensors.Progression of a decision support system from a desktop program to a web/mobile applicationAbstract. Irrigator Pro is a decision support tool for scheduling irrigation events in peanut. It was deployed in 1995 as a rule-based system using crop history, yield potential, soil type, in-season irrigation/rainfall and maximum/minimum soil temperature. As computing platforms have progressed from desktop personal computers to mobile web-based platforms, Irrigator Pro has been updated and is now deployed as a web-based program and an application for mobile devices. Irrigator Pro not only works for peanuts but has been modified to irrigate both corn and cotton. The irrigation decisions are now based on in-field soil water potential measurements in addition to the traditional checkbook with max/min soil temperatures. Users are individual growers, extension agents, and agronomic consultants. The objective of this manuscript is to document the initial development of Irrigator Pro as an expert system combining data and experiential knowledge and the progression from a checkbook-based decision support system to a hybrid system using observed weather data and soil moisture measurement. The background knowledge, equations, and thresholds for triggering irrigation recommendations are included. Keywords: Decision support system, Irrigation scheduling, Irrigator Pro, Mobile app, Peanut, Soil water potential.
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Kruse, E. Gordon, James E. Ells, and Ann E. McSay. "Scheduling Irrigations for Carrots." HortScience 25, no. 6 (June 1990): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.6.641.
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A 3-year irrigation scheduling study on carrots (Daucus carota L.) was conducted at the Colorado State Univ. Horticulture Research Center near Fort Collins to determine the irrigation schedule that produced the best combination of high water use efficiency and marketable yields with the least amount of water and fewest irrigations. This study used an irrigation scheduling program developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service with crop coefficients calculated for carrots. Maximum carrot production and water use efficiency were obtained when the scheduling program simulated a 30-cm rooting depth at planting, increasing linearly to 60 cm in 75 days. Best yields and water use efficiency were attained by irrigating whenever 40% of the available water in the root zone had been depleted. The computer program for irrigation scheduling is available on diskette from the authors.
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Zhang, Yu, Yongjun Zhu, and Baolin Yao. "A study on interannual change features of soil salinity of cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch in Southern Xinjiang." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): e0244404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244404.
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The drip irrigation under mulch has become one of significant supporting technologies for cotton industry development in Xinjiang, and has shown the good economic and ecological benefits. With the rapid development of society and economy in Southern Xinjiang, the conventional mode of large-quota winter and spring irrigation, salt leaching and alkali decreasing is difficult to support sustainable development of land and water resources in Southern Xinjiang. This study tries to adjust soil moisture and salt content regulation mode of massive water salt leaching and drip irrigation under mulch in the non-growing period of cotton field in Southern Xinjiang, explores interannual soil salinity change features of drip irrigation cotton field without winter and spring irrigation, and provides experimental basis for drip irrigation technology under mulch which can reduce and exempt cotton irrigation in winter and spring. According to ET0, the dual-factor complete combination experiment involving 3 irrigating water quotas (I1, I2, I3) and 2 irrigation times (T12, T16) was designed, and 6 treatments were involved in total(I1T12,I2T12,I3T12,I1T16,I2T16 and I3T16). The investigation results of four-year (2012–2015) field positioning experiment showed that, under the condition of “germination under drip irrigation” without winter and spring irrigation, increasing irrigation quota and irrigation times could lower 0-100cm soil salinity accumulation, but the soil salinity accumulation degree was 40-100cm, and less than 0-30cm. In the seedling stage, bud stage, blossom and boll-forming stage, and boll opening stage, the average salinity of 0-100cm soil increased by 39.81%, 31.91%, 26.85% and 29.47%, respectively. Increasing irrigation quota and irrigation times could ease interannual soil salinity accumulation degree of cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch, without winter and spring irrigation. 0-100cm soil salinity before sowing was related to the irrigation quota of cotton in the growing stage of the last year. The larger the irrigation quota was, the smaller the soil salinity before sowing would be. The accumulation amount of soil salinity at the end of growing stage under different treatments was lower than that before sowing. The drip irrigation of cotton under mulch in the growing stage could effectively regulate soil salinity distribution and space-time migration process in the growing stage of cotton. Compared with the beginning of 2012, 0-100cm average soil salinity under 3 irrigation quotas (I1, I2, I3) was 33.66%, 5.60% and 1.24%, respectively. Salt accumulating rates under 12 irrigations and 16 irrigations were 20.66% and 6.33%, respectively. The soil had the risk of salinization when the “germination under drip irrigation” without winter and spring irrigation was used. Such results can provide the reference for prevention and treatment of soil moisture and salt content of cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch in the arid region.
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Şahin, Mehmet. "Potential Use of Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems in Landscape Irrigation under Full and Limited Irrigation Conditions." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 19, 2023): 15053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015053.
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Water is an essential component of life in the world. In addition to being crucial to keeping plants alive, water is also used in various areas, such as landscape irrigation, decorative pools, and ponds. The use of water more efficiently is getting more and more important day by day because of the increasing demands of different sectors. In cities with limited water resources, such as Konya, water should be used even more efficiently to reduce irrigation water quantities and prevent water losses. The potential use of the sub-surface drip irrigation method in the irrigation of green areas in Selçuklu district of Konya province was investigated, and the sub-surface drip irrigation method was compared with the fixed sprinkler irrigation method (pop-up) in terms of irrigation parameters (amount of irrigation water applied, plant water consumption) and plant characteristics (germination, plant height, number of mows, mowing weight, root depth). In the present experiments, 18 different sub-surface drip irrigation treatments (100, 80, and 60% irrigations + 40, 60, and 80 cm lateral spacings + 10 and 15 cm lateral depths) and three different sprinkler irrigation treatments (100, 80, and 60% irrigations) were used. Present findings revealed that sub-surface drip irrigation systems were suitable for irrigation of green areas, and this system was more advantageous for municipalities in terms of water savings, irrigation labor, and maintenance. For sub-surface drip irrigation systems, S1 (supply 100% of evaporation from Class-A pan + 40 cm lateral spacing + 10 cm lateral depth) treatments were found to be the best system arrangement for landscape irrigations in Selçuklu district in Konya province.
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Najjar, Dina, Bipasha Baruah, and Aman El Garhi. "Women, irrigation and social norms in Egypt: ‘The more things change, the more they stay the same?’." Water Policy 21, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.154.
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Abstract This paper explores how women and men participate in irrigation activities in Egypt, drawing from a survey administered to 200 men and 202 women and qualitative information from 150 interviews. Women participated in irrigation activities in 78% of the 402 households surveyed, suggesting that women are far more actively engaged in irrigation efforts in Egypt, and possibly in the wider MENA region, than is generally assumed. The diffusion of certain irrigation technologies such as drip, sprinkler and tatweer in recent years has made irrigation more socially acceptable for women to perform although some women had also been irrigating land long before these technologies became available. We identify land ownership, educational attainment, institutional support from government, donors and NGOs, and access to training in irrigational technologies as factors that enable women to optimally undertake irrigation. These factors enabled women to participate meaningfully in public institutions related to irrigation, such as water user associations (WUAs). Finally, we discovered that desire and ability to participate in WUAs declined dramatically for both women and men when institutional support was withdrawn or eroded. Thus, the paper concludes that we must look at a variety of social categories and relationships to understand women's involvement in irrigation and to identify ways to strengthen it.
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Khodiakov, Yevgeniy Alexeyevich, Yuriy Nikolaevich Petrov, Sergey Gennadievich Milovanov, and Kirill Vladimirovich Bondarenko. "Cotton irrigation regime under the mole irrigation method in the south of Russia." BIO Web of Conferences 83 (2024): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248301003.
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Studies on developing optimal soil water regimes under mole irrigation of cotton compared with sprinkling and drip irrigation were conducted in 2023 on light-chestnut soils of southern Russia. As a result, it was found that under mole irrigation, with increasing the pre-watering threshold of soil moisture from 70-70-65 to 80-80-75 % of the lowest water holding capacity (LWC) irrigation rates decreased from 250...290 to 170...210 m3/ha and the number of irrigations and irrigation rate increased from 4 to 7 units and from 1040 to 1270 m3/ha. A comparison of irrigation methods showed that under mole irrigation, in comparison with drip irrigation, irrigation rates increased by 7.4. 13.3 %, and the number of irrigations per season and irrigation rate decreased by 1...2 units and 11.2...12.6 %, respectively. Compared to sprinkling, irrigation rates and total amount of water decreased by 45.2...46.3 and 28.8...34.5 %, respectively, and the number of irrigations increased by 1 unit. It was also found that maintaining a moisture availability level of 75-75-70 % LWC created optimal conditions in cotton crops, which, combined with mineral fertilizer application with doses N140P60K45, allowed the highest cotton yield under mole irrigation of 3.18 t/ha. When sprinkling on a similar option, it decreased by 0.21 t/ha, and at drip irrigation, it increased by 0.13 t/ha.
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Kundu, PK, TK Acharjee, and MA Mojid. "Growth and Yield of Wheat under Irrigation by Sugar Mills Wastewater." Progressive Agriculture 24, no. 1-2 (June 17, 2014): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19174.
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The possibility of using sugar mills wastewater/effluent in irrigation was evaluated by investigating the effects of wastewater on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Prodip). The experiment was conducted at North Bengal Sugar Mill site in Natore during December 2011 to March 2012. Three irrigation treatments (I1: irrigation with fresh/tubewell water, I2: irrigation with a mixture of fresh and wastewater at 1:1 ratio and I3: irrigation with wastewater) under a main factor and three fertilizer treatments (F0: no application of fertilizer, F1: half dose fertilizer and F2: full dose fertilizer) under a sub factor were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications of the treatments. Wheat was grown with three irrigations totaling 14 cm applied at 4, 26 and 43 days after sowing (DAS). Important growth and yield data of the crop were recorded. The highest grain yield of 1.829 t/ha was obtained under mixed water irrigation and the lowest grain yield of 1.469 t/ha was obtained under wastewater irrigation. The three irrigation treatments, however, provided statistically similar (p = 0.05) grain yield. For the interaction between irrigation and fertilizers, mixed water irrigation and full dose fertilizer application (I2F2) provided significantly higher grain yield (2.757 t/ha) than all other treatment combinations. The second highest yield, produced under freshwater irrigation and full dose fertilizer (I1F2), was statistically similar to the yield under wastewater irrigation and full dose fertilizer (I3F2). Results of this experiment thus exposed good prospects of irrigating wheat by sugar mills wastewater.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19174 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 211 - 218, 2013
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Murtiningrum, Murtiningrum, Ilham Nawan Rasyid, Lia Christyaningrum, Erlina Fahrunisa, and Ngadisih Ngadisih. "Performance of Drip and Mist Irrigation to Supply Water for Vegetable." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 999, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/999/1/012013.
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Abstract Irrigation or water use for agriculture is the biggest water consumer. Reducing water use for irrigation means significantly to water saving. Drip and mist irrigations are methods of water application which consume water more efficiently and more agriculture products produce from same amount of water. This research aimed to assess performance off drip irrigation and mist irrigation to supply irrigation water for vegetables. The vegetables cultivated were spinach, mustard, and water spinach. The indicators employed were discharge, uniformity, dan water productivity. The research results showed that average discharges of drip and mist irrigations were 0.0056 litre/second and 0.0012 litre/second, respectively. The uniformity was measured using distribution uniformity (DU) and Christiansen uniformity index (CU). The DU of drip and mist irrigations were 0.84 and 0.76, respectively. The CU of drip and mist irrigations were 0.76 and 0.82, respectively. The biomass water productivities of spinach, mustard, and water spinach irrigated with drip irrigation were 2.23, 9.51, and 7.92, respectively. The biomass water productivities of spinach, mustard, and water spinach irrigated with mist irrigation were 0.98, 8.70, and 9.10, respectively.
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Gadaev, Nodirjon, Okhun Amonov, Sarvinoz Ganieva, and Mukhabbat Rajabova. "Improving the technology of irrigation of cotton on the basis of interpolymer complex." E3S Web of Conferences 452 (2023): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345201025.
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The use of water-saving irrigation technologies and technical means for irrigating agricultural crops and cotton is one of the leading in the world.”Given the global production of 119.3 million tons of cotton,”† requires the introduction of irrigation technologies that will reduce water consumption and waste in the irrigation of cotton.In this regard, the widespread use of water-saving drip, irrigation, subsoil irrigation methods and discrete irrigation technologies is important in irrigating cotton.
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KUMAR, JITENDER, AMARJEET NIBHORIA, PARMOD KUMAR YADAV, SATYAJEET, MUKESH JAT, and SUNDEEP KUMAR ANTIL. "Relative performance of drip irrigation in comparison to conventional methods of irrigation in Indian mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) in south-west Haryana." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 93, no. 12 (December 19, 2023): 1320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i12.123417.
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Application of water directly to the root zone through micro-irrigation system can reduce the water, fertilizer and labour requirements by improving their availability and use-efficiency. An experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal, Haryana to study the relative performance of drip irrigation in comparison to conventional methods of irrigation in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]. The experiment consisted 7 treatments, viz. two irrigations through flooding (as per state recommendation) at flowering and siliqua formation stage; two irrigations through sprinkler at flowering and siliqua formation stage; three irrigations through sprinkler at flowering, siliqua formation and seed development stage; and 6, 8, 10 and 12 split irrigations were applied from 30 days after sowing (DAS) through drip at 12, 9, 7 and 6 days interval, respectively. Volume of irrigation water under each treatment was same as under recommended practice of two flood irrigations (120 mm). Irrigation applied through drip at 6 days interval in 12 splits and at 7 days interval in 10 splits produced statistically similar seed yield to each other (22.51 and 21.94 q/ha, respectively) and significantly higher than recommended irrigation practice (18.92 q/ha) and sprinkler method of irrigation (18.62 and 19.32 q/ha) during 2019–20. The irrigation through drip in 12 splits (10 mm each) at an interval of 6 days between 30 to100 days after sowing also recorded the highest irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) (188 and 181 kg/ha-cm in 2019–20 and 2020–21, respectively). Based on these findings, it can be suggested to apply irrigation in Indian mustard through drip in 12 splits (10 mm depth each) at an interval of 6 days between 30 to100 DAS to get higher yield and water use efficiency.
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Hanson, Blaine R., Donald M. May, and Larry J. Schwankl. "Effect of Irrigation Frequency on Subsurface Drip Irrigated Vegetables." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0115.
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The effect on crop yield of drip-irrigation frequencies of two irrigations per day (2/d), one irrigation per day (1/d), two irrigations per week (2/week), and one irrigation per week (1/week) was investigated for lettuce (Lactuca sativa), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and onion (Allium cepa) grown on sandy loam and processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown on silt loam during experiments conducted during 1994 to 1997. All treatments of a particular crop received the same amount of irrigation water per week. Results showed that the 1/week frequency should be avoided for the shallow rooted crops in sandy soil. Irrigation frequency had little effect on yield of tomato, a relatively deep-rooted crop. These results suggest that drip irrigation frequencies of 1/d or 2/week are appropriate in medium to fine texture soils for the soil and climate of the project site. There was no yield benefit of multiple irrigations per day.
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GURJAR, D. S., R. KAUR, and K. P. SINGH. "Irrigation requirement, water use efficiency and bulb productivity of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) under varied wastewater-groundwater irrigation regimes." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 1893–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i12.85442.
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A field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of wastewater irrigation on bulb productivity and water use efficiency in tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) under varied wastewater-groundwater irrigation regimes at Water Technology Centre (WTC) farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during three consecutive years (2013-16). The experiment comprised varied wastewater irrigation schedules [at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 irrigation depth (ID)/cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) ratios], conjunctive use of ground and municipal wastewaters (at ID/CPE of 1.0) and only groundwater irrigations (at ID/CPE of 1.0) were laid-out in randomized block design with three replications. Results indicated that maximum irrigations (32 nos.) were applied in the plots where wastewater irrigations applied at 1.4 ID/CPE, whereas minimum irrigations (14 nos.) were applied in the treatment of wastewater irrigations at 0.6 ID/CPE. Irrigation requirement of tuberose was appreciable which increased from 700 mm to 1600mm with increasing ID/CPE. The data on bulb parameters such as number of bulblets (bulbs having diameter less than 20 mm), number of bulbs (bulbs having diameter more than 20 mm), bulb diameter, bulb length, weight of bulblets, weight of bulbs, and total bulb yield/plant were significantly not altered under application of wastewater irrigation at different ID/CPE, whereas appreciably higher values were observed in the treatment where wastewater irrigations were applied at 1.2 ID/CPE.
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B K, SAREN, TUDU S, and NANDI P. "Effect of irrigation and sulphur on growth and productivity of summer sesame (sesamum indicum L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 91, March (2004): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00067.
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A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 1997 and 1999 to study the effect of irrigation and sulphur on growth and productivity of summer sesame and change in available S in soil. The experiment was carried out with four levels of irrigation viz. one irrigation at flowering, two irrigations at flowering and branching, three irrigations at flowering, branching and capsule development and four irrigations at 4-6 leaf stage, branching, flowering and capsule development stages and four levels of sulphur i.e. 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha in a split plot design and replicated thrice. Summer sesame applied with four irrigations produced significantly higher growth viz. plant height, drymatter production, LAI and CGR than other levels of irrigation. Seed and stick yields and harvest index were observed maximum at four levels of irrigation. Four irrigations produced 14.51, 32.43 and 63.14% higher seed yield over three, two and one irrigations respectively. 45 kg S ha recorded maximum growth attributes and were observed minimum with 0 level of sulphur. The highest seed and stick yield were obtained from the crop receiving 45 kg S ha' though the effect was on par with that of 30 kg S ha'. The highest available sulphur was recorded under one irrigation in 0-30 cm. soil depth but it was the highest in 30-60 cm soil depth with four irrigations. The lowest and highest available S content were found under 0 level and 45 kg S ha-1 respectively.
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Giotakis, A. I., E. M. Karow, M. O. Scheithauer, R. Weber, and H. Riechelmann. "Saline irrigations following sinus surgery - a controlled, single blinded, randomized trial." Rhinology journal 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino16.026.
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Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common health problem. If medical treatment fails, endonasal sinus surgery is a valuable treatment option. A thorough postsurgical treatment is needed including, among others, nasal saline irrigations (NSI). In this prospective, controlled, single blinded, randomized trial, we aimed to evaluate efficacy of nasal saline irrigations following endonasal sinus surgery in CRS-patients with nasal polyps. Methodology: We examined patient's nasal symptoms, general quality of life and postoperative condition of the mucosa. We also investigated whether or not NSI reduced the number of missed workdays after surgery (MWD). Patients were randomized into an irrigation and non-irrigation arm. Results: Following treatment, mean nasal sum-score in the irrigation arm was 4.4 and in the non-irrigation arm it was 6.3. Accordingly, mean general sum-score in the irrigation arm was 2.5 and in the non-irrigation arm 4.8. Thus, nasal irrigation led to a more pronounced improvement of nasal and general symptoms than in the non-irrigation arm. No differences were observed in postoperative condition of mucosa or number of MWD. Conclusions: Nasal irrigation improves symptoms score after ESS in patients with CRSwNP.
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Zaman, R., A. R. Akanda, S. K. Biswas, and M. R. Islam. "Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Raised Bed Wheat Cultivation." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2017-0032.
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Abstract The experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at the Regional Agricultural Research station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh, to determine the water requirements of wheat on raised bed and the effect of different deficit irrigation on yield, water use efficiency and applied water productivity under raised bed wheat. This study consisted of following irrigation treatments: T1 = Irrigations up to 100% field capacity (FC) at crown root initiation (CRI), botting and grain filling stages (flat bed), T2 = Irrigations up to 100% FC at CRI, botting and grain filling stages on raised bed, T3 = Irrigations up to 80% FC at CRI, botting and grain filling stages on raised bed and T4 = Irrigations up to 60% FC at CRI, botting and grain filling stages on raised bed and laid out in a randomize complete block design with three replications. The result showed that significant effect of irrigation treatments were observed on plant height, spike per m2 and grain yield. Highest grain yield (4.66 t/ha) was obtained from treatment, irrigations up to 100% FC at CRI, botting and grain filling stages on raised bed, followed by irrigation up to 100% FC at same stages on flat bed. At raised bed wheat cultivation saving 14.30% water with increasing 15.66% grain yield than flat bed. Besides, comparing deficit irrigation (20% and 40% of full irrigation) and full irrigation condition on raised bed seeding system water use could be reduced about 4.18% to 5.57%, while scarifying 18.20% to 32.33% grain yield, where reduced 14.17% to 27.54% water use efficiency. Maximum applied water productivity 1.81 kg m−3 was observed in raised bed full irrigation condition. The rate of daily evaporation started to increase as the temperature started to rise and humidity started to decrease during the crop growing period. The results will be helpful for taking policy decision regarding efficient irrigation and water management under prevailing water scarce situation.
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Criscione, Kristopher S., Jeb S. Fields, and James S. Owen. "Root Exploration, Initial Moisture Conditions, and Irrigation Scheduling Influence Hydration of Stratified and Non-Stratified Substrates." Horticulturae 8, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090826.
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Soilless substrate stratification (i.e., layering unique substrates within a single container) is an emerging substrate management strategy that may provide opportunities to augment nursery resource use. As such, this research aimed to analyze water movement through containers during hydration events under different initial moisture conditions. The results indicated substrate stratification had minimal influence on water movement compared to non-stratified systems (uniformly filled nursery containers). Cyclic irrigation significantly increased the stratified substrates’ ability to retain water when irrigated at 20% volumetric water content (p < 0.0001) and significantly decreased the total volume leached (p < 0.0001). Moreover, irrigating the substrate profile with shallow and more frequent irrigations facilitated stratified substrates ty reach effective container capacity conditions (p < 0.0001n compared to non-stratified systems. The stratified systems took longer to leach all gravitational pores (p = 0.0266). In dry moisture conditions, non-stratified substrates were more hydrated when cyclic irrigation applications were applied compared to single applications (p = 0.0492). This study demonstrated that cyclic irrigation scheduling enhanced water retention in both non-stratified and stratified profiles under different initial moisture conditions and can be used as an irrigation strategy when dry substrate conditions prevail.
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Norrie, J., M. E. D. Graham, P. A. Dubé, and A. Gosselin. "Improvements in Automatic Irrigation of Peat-grown Greenhouse Tomatoes." HortTechnology 4, no. 2 (April 1994): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.2.154.
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An automatic irrigation system was designed for use on green-house tomatoes growing in peat-based substrates. This system uses electronic tensiometers to monitor continuously substrate matric potential (SMP) in peat-bags. The system also uses the Penman equation to evaluate potential evapotranspiration (PET) through the acquisition of many greenhouse environmental parameters. Through a series of linear equations, estimates of PET are used in a computer-controller system to vary the electrical conductivity (EC) of irrigated nutrient solutions, as well as SMP setpoints at which irrigations are started. Such modifications to current irrigation management systems may improve fruit quality and reduce the risk of water stress during periods of high PET by irrigating more frequently with less-concentrated nutrient solutions. Conversely, during periods of low PET, irrigation is less frequent with more-concentrated nutrient solutions. Although no differences were found in fruit number or overall yield using variable nutrient solution EC, plant fresh weight was higher in those treatments. It is concluded that an integrated tensiometer-PET system may give increased precision to irrigation management and the control of crop growth in the greenhouse.
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K.C. SHARMA and K.S. SOLANKI. "Critical stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum) for irrigation under different water availability conditions in Vertisols of Central India." Indian Journal of Agronomy 67, no. 3 (November 15, 2022): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i3.13.
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The field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2015–16 and 2016–17 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, to identify most critical stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under varying availability of irrigation water for higher and economic wheat production in Vertisols of Central India. Total 15 treatments consisting of the control and different critical stages for irrigation, viz. crown-root initiation (CRI), late tillering, late jointing, late flowering and late milking, and their combinations were selected for irrigation. Results indicated that 4 irrigations applied at CRI + tillering + late jointing + late flowering stages resulted in the maximum plant height (93.3 cm), spike length (10.47 cm), spikelets/spike (17.4), 1,000-grain weight (45.4 g), grain yield (5.32 t/ha), soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value (54.4), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value (0.76), energy output (184,704 MJ/ha), net returns (`66,385/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (2.59). Above values including biological yield (13.86 t/ha) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) value (40.4 ml) were almost similar with 5 irrigations applied at all critical stages, but substantially higher over rest of the treatments. In case of lower levels of irrigations, 3 irrigations applied at CRI + late tillering + flowering; 2 irrigations applied at tillering + flowering and 1 irrigation at late tillering stage recorded higher, energy efficient and economical wheat productivity than with their similar level of irrigation at the other stages. Water-use efficiency, canopy temperature, energy-use efficiency and energy productivity were decreased with the increase in the levels of irrigation. Hence, for getting higher, energy-efficient and economic wheat grain production, 4 irrigations can be applied at CRI + tillering + late jointing + flowering stages. In case of availability of only 3 irrigations, crop should be irrigated at CRI + tillering + flowering stages, 2 irrigations at tillering + flowering and single irrigation at tillering stage in Vertisols of Central India.
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Nafutali, Wodadaya, Semwogerere Twaibu, Matovu Davis, Lusiba Badru, and Gilbert Gilibrays Ocen. "Web-Based Irrigation Monitoring and Control System." International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 11, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcseit.2021.11601.
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In Uganda, as well as other developing countries, the increasing population stimulates the agricultural-related activities such as irrigation. Irrigation is basically done by humans and generally requires exhaustive physical efforts and involves exposure to errors during irrigation. Despite the advances in the irrigation and its wide spreading applications, irrigation remains majorly manual. Since irrigating is a difficult process especially when irrigating a big piece of land, it is necessary to simplify the process, thus web based system in irrigating was introduced and existing implementations have limitations such as irrigating at wrong hours, continued wastage of water, so prevent all this, a new system that uses a web control to remotely irrigate from a distance has been developed ,therefore main objective of this project is to design and develop a web based irrigation monitoring and control system since it is observed that this method is more reliable and efficient compared to the existing methods. The developed system is able to automatically receive the moisture levels from the field, responds to the different commands sent by the user to do the irrigation and the user is also able to switch on and off the pump.
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R.P. JANGIR B.L. JAT and M.S. RATHORE. "Comparative efficacy of sprinkler and surface methods of irrigation in cumin (Cuminum cyminum) under arid western Rajasthan conditions." Indian Journal of Agronomy 52, no. 1 (October 10, 2001): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v52i1.4898.
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A field study was undertaken during winter seasons of 2002-03 and 2003-04 at Mandor-Jodhpur to compare the efficacy of sprinkler method of irrigation with conventional check-basin method and to work out an appropri- ate irrigation schedule and the operating time for sprinklers. The pooled results revealed that application of five irrigations through sprinklers operated for 3 hr produced seed yield (41 1 kg/ha) on a par with that of recom- mended irrigation schedule applied through conventional irrigation method, but it saved water up to 41 per cent with higher WUE (0.260 kg seed/m3) and net returns (Rs 16,558Iha). Further increase in irrigation frequency (six irrigations) did not cause significant impact on cumin productivity and net returns.
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Zhu, Yang, Sun, and Zhang. "Response of Water-Salt Migration to Brackish Water Irrigation with Different Irrigation Intervals and Sequences." Water 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102089.
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Establishing methods for scientific and rational use of brackish water resources is the key to farmland irrigation in the Yellow River Delta region of China. In this study, we conducted laboratory simulation experiments with soil columns and monitored the changes in water infiltration and salt distribution under eight irrigation treatments, including four intervals (0, 30, 60, and 90 min between irrigations) and two sequences (brackish-brackish-fresh water and brackish-fresh-brackish water). The results showed that the duration of water infiltration into the soil was higher under intermittent irrigation than continuous irrigation, with the highest value recorded at the 90-min irrigation interval. There was no significant difference in the mean soil water content between the brackish-brackish-fresh water (28.01–29.71%) and brackish-fresh-brackish water (28.85–29.98%) irrigation treatments. However, the mean soil desalination rate of the brackish-brackish-fresh irrigation treatment (42.51–46.83%) was higher than that of the brackish-fresh-brackish irrigation treatment (39.48–46.47%), and a much higher soil desalination rate was observed at the 90-min irrigation interval, compared with the other intervals. In conclusion, brackish-brackish-fresh water irrigation at longer time intervals (e.g., 90 min between irrigations) is conducive to reduce soil salt content in the surface soil in the study region.
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GURJAR, D. S., R. KAUR, and K. P. SINGH. "Impact of wastewater irrigation on vegetative growth, flowering characteristics, keeping quality and productivity of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 4 (April 24, 2018): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i4.79120.
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A field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of wastewater irrigation on vegetative growth, flowering characteristics, keeping quality and productivity of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L. cv. Prajwal) at WTC farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during three consecutive seasons of the year 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16. Seven treatments were taken as T-1: Wastewater irrigation at 0.6 irrigation depth (ID)/ cumulative pan evaporation (CPE), T-2: Wastewater irrigation at 0.8 ID/CPE, T-3: Wastewater irrigation at 1.0 ID/CPE, T-4: Wastewater irrigation at 1.2 ID/CPE, T-5: Wastewater irrigation at 1.4 ID/CPE, T-6: Conjunctive use of groundwater and wastewater irrigation at 1.0 ID/CPE in cyclic mode, T-7: Control (groundwater irrigation at 1.0 ID/CPE) in randomized block design with three replications. Results indicated that the vegetative growth parameters such as days to sprouting of bulb, days to spike emergence, number of leaves/clump, length and width were not much changed, whereas the significantly higher values of flowering parameters such as spike length, rachis length and number of florets/spike were observed under application of wastewater irrigations at 1.2 ID/CPE. Keeping quality parameters such as durability of spike and flower in field and vase life of spike and flower were not significantly affected due to application of wastewater irrigations in tuberose. Significantly higher marketable cut spike and loose flower yield was observed where wastewater irrigations applied at 1.2 ID/CPE. It is concluded that wastewater irrigation is suitable for enhancing the productivity of tuberose without deteriorating the keeping quality of tuberose flowers.
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Zhao, Q. L., J. N. Zhang, S. J. You, S. H. Wang, and L. N. Wang. "Effect of irrigation with reclaimed water on crops and health risk assessment." Water Supply 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.965.
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Irrigation with tertiary effluent, secondary effluent, and raw wastewater (sewage) were studied with tap water irrigation as the control. The effects of the irrigations on the qualities of three testing crops: cucumber, celery cabbage and maize were investigated. The contents of residual chloride ion, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and residual heavy metals in these irrigated crops were also examined. The results showed that the secondary and tertiary effluent had no significant effects on the crop qualities. However, irrigation with the sewage could lead to increase parts of nutrient components in the crops. Irrigation with the sewage caused accumulation of nitrate and heavy metals in the crops, indicating that sewage was not suitable for irrigation. The risk assessment results suggested that the health risk of the irrigations using sewage and secondary effluent exceeded the maximum acceptable risk level. Comparatively, the risk in the tertiary effluent irrigation was much lower than the acceptable level.
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Machnoor, Aditya V., D. S. Gurjar, K. G. Rosin, K. Shekhawat, and A. K. Tiwari. "Impact of wastewater irrigation on physical health of soil and yield of marigold (Tagetes patula L. cv. Pusa deep)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, no. 2 (June 15, 2023): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.2/535-540.
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A field experiment was conducted to find out the impact of wastewater irrigation on physical and microbiological soil health in marigold (Tagetes patula L. cv. Pusa deep) based on FDR sensor at Water Technology Centre farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during period of 2020-2021. Eight treatments T-1: Groundwater irrigation scheduled at 25% MAD (v =27%); T-2: Groundwater irrigation scheduled at 50% MAD (v =22.5%) T-3: Groundwater irrigation scheduled at 75% MAD (v= 18%); T4: Groundwater irrigation scheduled as per farmers practice/recommended POP; T-5: Wastewater irrigation scheduled at 25% MAD (v= 27%); T-6: Wastewater irrigation scheduled at 50% MAD (v= 22.5%); T-7: Wastewater irrigation scheduled at 50% MAD (v= 18%); T-8: Wastewater irrigation scheduled as per farmers practice/recommended POP were laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Results indicated that soil physical properties such as bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and porosity at both the sol depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm in marigold were significantly not changed due to application of wastewater irrigations scheduled at various range of MAD and with the use of FDR sensor. Significantly higher population density of faecal coliform bacteria was observed in treatment plot T-7 where wastewater irrigations were applied at MAD 50% as compared to groundwater irrigations. Moreover, the yield of marigold came to be high in wastewater irrigated plots compared to groundwater. Thus, short-term application of wastewater has less impact and the different ranges of MAD can be used for further studies.
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Singh, Satybhan, Virendra Singh, Ramesh Pal, Himanshu Trivedi, Ashesh Narayan, and Mohit Gautam. "Effect of Sowing Methods and Irrigation Levels on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): S170—S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01s.026.
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The field experiment was carried out at agricultural research farm of IFTM University Moradabad (U.P.), India during rabi season 2018-19 to study the effect of sowing methods and irrigation levels on wheat. Sowing method and irrigation being a major constraint to reduces the potential of wheat yield. The treatments were arranged in split plot design in three replications, sowing methods in main plots and irrigation levels in sub-plots. The experiment treatments included two sowing methods, i.e. [S1 – conventional sowing method and S2 - furrow irrigated raised bed (FIRB) system] in main plots and six irrigation levels [I0 – (control), I1 – (one irrigation at CRI stage), I2 – (two irrigation at CRI and tillering stage), I3 – (three irrigations at CRI, tillering and late jointing stage), I4 – (four irrigations at CRI, tillering, late jointing and milking stage) and I5 – (five irrigations at CRI, tillering, late jointing, milking and dough stage). Wheat crop was sown by traditional method and furrow irrigated raised beds (FIRB) method. Raised beds were accommodating 3 rows of wheat at 20 cm wide. Furrows that are in between the beds are used for irrigation. This system permits adequate saving of irrigation water. Results indicated that sowing of wheat on FIRB system surpassed the conventional method of sowing for plant height, number of tillers plant-1, dry weight (g plant-1), number of effective tillers plant-1, spike length, number of grain spike-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield followed by conventional sowing method. On the other hand irrigation levels I5 - (five irrigations at CRI, tillering, late jointing, milking and doughing stage) recorded the highest values for most of growth, yield components and yield of wheat. In FIRB system beds gave the opportunity for mechanical weeding and fertilizer placement and also improved the fertilizer and water use efficiencies. The role of sowing methods and level of irrigation in plant health and growth has been investigated in crop and it seemed significantly affecting with treatment.
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Carthy, Brian, Ben Somers, and Guido Wyseure. "Irrigation Performance Assessment, Opportunities with Wireless Sensors and Satellites." Water 16, no. 13 (June 21, 2024): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16131762.
Full textAbstract:
Irrigation is an essential component of our food production system and a large user of freshwater. Pressure on irrigated agriculture is likely to increase with growing populations and climate uncertainty. Efforts to ensure sustainable water use in this sector have had mixed results. Some of these efforts have been used in the interest of political or financial gain. The situation is complicated by the vulnerability of irrigating farmers, locally within irrigation schemes and in the global agricultural supply chain. An opportunity exists in the form of increasing the accessibility of open-source remote sensing products and wireless sensor networks. Irrigating farmers can define and assess their irrigation performance at different spatial and temporal scales. A review of irrigation performance assessment approaches and the available products and sensors is presented. Potential implementations for sensing and monitoring, as well as irrigation performance, are presented. The possibilities at different time scales and the influence on performance of different groups within the irrigation scheme are discussed. The particular circumstances of specific irrigation schemes need to be assessed with a cost–benefit analysis. The implementation of irrigation performance analysis tools should be led by irrigating farmers, as it directly impacts this group.
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K.R, PATEL, and JOSHI R.S. "RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF IRRIGATION UNDER HIGH WATER TABLE CONDITIONS." Madras Agricultural Journal 72, October (1985): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02407.
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Field trial conducted during the year 1980-81 and 1981-82 at Regional Sugarcane Research Station, Navsari on heavy black soils under high water table conditions having treatments of three levels of irrigation schedule based on IW:CPE ratio of 0.5 (R) 0.7 (R) and 0 9 (R,) during 1980-81 and four levels of irrigation scheduled at IW:CPE ratio of 0.3 (R.). 0.5 (R.), 0.7 (R) and 0.9 (R) during 1981-82, with four levels of nitrogen @100, 200, 300 and 400 kg N/ha. The results revealed not significant difference in the yield between the treatment R (10 to 11 irrigations) and R. (16 10 17 irrigations) in both the years as well as in pooled analysis. Further, on lowering the irrigation schedule in second year at an IW:CPE ratio of 0.3 (R.), the yield differences was not observed significant between the sixteen irrigation (R) and six irrigations (R.) indicating the sugarcane crop does not only need more than ten irrigations. Under a situation of high water table conditions, but also there is a possibility to reduce the number of irrigation up to six each of 80mm depth:
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Choi, C., I. Song, S. Stine, J. Pimentel, and C. Gerba. "Role of irrigation and wastewater reuse: comparison of subsurface irrigation and furrow irrigation." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0089.
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Two different irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation, are tested to investigate the level of viral contamination and survival when tertiary effluent is used in arid and semi-arid regions. The effluent was injected with bacteriophages of PRD1 and MS2. A greater number of PRD1 and MS2 were recovered from the lettuce in the subsurface drip-irrigated plots as compared to those in the furrow-irrigated plots. Shallow drip tape installation and preferential water paths through cracks on the soil surface appeared to be the main causes of high viral contamination in subsurface drip irrigation plots, which led to the direct contact of the lettuce stems with the irrigation water which penetrated the soil surface. The water use efficiency of the subsurface drip irrigation system was higher than that of the furrow irrigation system. Thus, subsurface drip irrigation is an efficient irrigation method for vegetable crops in arid and semi-arid regions if viral contamination can be reduced. Deeper installation of drip tapes, frequent irrigations, and timely harvests based on cumulative heat units may further reduce health risks by ensuring viral die-off under various field conditions.
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Feibert, Erik B. G., Clinton C. Shock, and Lamont D. Saunders. "A Comparison of Onion Production Under Sprinkler, Subsurface Drip, and Furrow Irrigation." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 839A—839. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.839a.
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Onion yield and grade were compared under sprinkler, subsurface drip, and furrow irrigation in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Furrow-irrigated onions were planted on two double rows on 1.12-m-wide beds at 352,000 seeds/ha. Sprinkler- and drip-irrigated onions were planted in nine single rows on a 2.24-m-wide bed at 432,100 seeds/acre. Drip plots had three drip lines buried 0.10 m deep in each 2.24-m bed. Soil water potential at 0.2-m depth was measured by tensiometers and granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 200SS, Irrometer Co., Riverside, Calif.). Furrow irrigations were started when the soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth reached –25 kPa. Drip-irrigated onions had soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth kept wetter than –25 kPa by daily replacement of crop evapotranspiration (Etc). Sprinkler irrigations were started when the accumulated Etc reached 25 mm. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993 and 1994. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993. Drip irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation every year. Drip irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1992 and 1994. Marketable onion yield was reduced in 1993 due to rot during storage.
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Rummana, S., AKMR Amin, MS Islam, and GM Faruk. "Effect of Irrigation and Mulch Materials on Growth and Yield of Wheat." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 21, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v21i1.39362.
Full textAbstract:
An experiment was carried out in Agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka to find out the performance of wheat (var. BARI Gom 27) as influenced by time of irrigation and different mulch materials during 2015-2016. Four levels of irrigation viz. control, one irrigation at CRI (crown root initiation) stage, one irrigation at flowering stage and two irrigations each at CRI + flowering stage; and four different mulch materials viz. control, rice straw, rice husk and plastic sheets were considered as treatment variables. The experiment was laid out in a split- plot design with three replications, assigning irrigation to main plot and mulch materials to sub plots. Results showed that time of irrigation and different mulch materials had significant effect on plant characters, yield and yield components of wheat. Two irrigations given at CRI + flowering stage resulted with significantly higher plant height, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, 1000- grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index over one irrigation and control plots. Among mulch materials, black plastic mulch resulted with significantly higher grain yield of wheat. The highest grains (4.15 t ha-1) and straw yields (4.25 t ha-1) were obtained with two irrigations at CRI and flowering stage with black plastic mulch for achieving higher productivity.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 71-76
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Ahmed, Zeeshan, Junhe Liu, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich, Yan Yan, Zhiming Qi, Dongwei Gui, Fanjiang Zeng, et al. "Differential physio-biochemical and yield responses of Camelina sativa L. under varying irrigation water regimes in semi-arid climatic conditions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): e0242441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242441.
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Camelina sativa L. is an oilseed crop with wide nutritional and industrial applications. Because of favorable agronomic characteristics of C. sativa in a water-limiting environment interest in its production has increased worldwide. In this study the effect of different irrigation regimes (I0 = three irrigations, I1 = two irrigations, I2 = one irrigation and I3 = one irrigation) on physio-biochemical responses and seed yield attributes of two C. sativa genotypes was explored under semi-arid conditions. Results indicated that maximum physio-biochemical activity, seed yield and oil contents appeared in genotype 7126 with three irrigations (I0). In contrast water deficit stress created by withholding irrigation (I1, I2 and I3) at different growth stages significantly reduced the physio-biochemical activity as well as yield responses in both C. sativa genotypes. Nonetheless the highest reduction in physio-biochemical and yield attributes were observed in genotype 8046 when irrigation was skipped at vegetative and flowering stages of crop (I3). In genotypic comparison, C. sativa genotype 7126 performed better than 8046 under all I1, I2 and I3 irrigation treatments. Because 7126 exhibited better maintenance of tissue water content, leaf gas exchange traits and chlorophyll pigment production, resulting in better seed yield and oil production. Findings of this study suggest that to achieve maximum yield potential in camelina three irrigations are needed under semi-arid conditions, however application of two irrigations one at flowering and second at silique development stage can ensure an economic seed yield and oil contents. Furthermore, genotype 7126 should be adopted for cultivation under water limited arid and semi-arid regions due to its better adaptability.
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Hossain, M. B., M. S. Alam, and M. A. Ripon. "Effect of irrigation and sowing method on yield and yield attributes of mustard." Rajshahi University Journal of Life & Earth and Agricultural Sciences 41 (January 15, 2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujleas.v41i0.21626.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment was carried out at Agronomy Field laboratory, Department ofAgronomy and Agricultural Extension, university of Rajshahi, to study the effect of irrigation and sowing method on yield and yield attributes of mustard. The experiment consists of two factors i) irrigation viz. no irrigation (I0), one irrigation (I1)and two irrigations (I2) ii) sowing method viz. line sowing method (M1) and broadcasting method (M2). A split- plot design was used for the experiment by assigning the irrigation on the main plots and sowing method to the sub plots with three replications. Irrigation had significant effect on all the yield and yield contributing characters. The highest plant height, number of branches plant-1, filled siliqua plant-1, sliqua length, number of seed siliqua-1, 1000-seed weight and stover yield were obtained from I2 (two irrigations) and consequently it produced the highest seed yield. Sowing method also had significant influence on almost all the yield and yield contributing characters. All the yield contributing characters except number of unfilled siliqua plant-1were found best at line sowing method (M1) and consequently it produced the highest seed yield. However it could be noted from the study that the combination of two irrigations with line sowing method is better to get higher yield of mustard.
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Raymond, Michael A., Jeffrey C. Stark, and Glen A. Murray. "Final Irrigation Timing for Spring Pea Seed Production." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 6 (November 1988): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.6.827.
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Abstract Field studies were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to evaluate the effects of final irrigation timing on spring pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Mars) seed yield, percent germination, and distribution of yield within the canopy. Final irrigations were applied on 10 dates during the period from 10% bloom to early senescence. Total seed yield did not increase with irrigations applied past 237 degree-days (base 4.5°C) after bloom (DDAB) in 1985 or 366 DDAB in 1986. However, the highest germination percentages and viable seed yields in 1985 and 1986 were obtained when final irrigations were applied at 487 and 450 DDAB, respectively. In 1986, total seed yield, percent germination, and viable seed yield throughout the canopy increased when the final irrigation was applied at 366 or 588 DDAB compared to earlier final irrigations. Viable seed yield reductions for the early irrigation cut-off dates resulted primarily from reduced numbers of pods per plant, and seeds per pod in the upper canopy (nodes 14 to 17) and decreased germination of seed produced throughout the canopy. We conclude that application of the final irrigation at ≈450 to 500 DDAB (usually 2 weeks after final pod set) should produce viable seed yields similar to those obtained with continued irrigation through early senescence.
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Ghosh, Avijit, Md Sojib Kabiraj, Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar, Muhammad Salim, F. M. Jamil Uddin, Md Harun Rashid, and Swapan Kumar Paul. "Differences of Maize Fodder Yield and Crop Attributes under Different Irrigation and Nutrient Management." Journal of Agroforestry and Environment 17, no. 1 (May 13, 2024): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55706/jae1702.
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Irrigation and nutrient management are two vital components of modern agriculture playing crucial roles in ensuring optimal plant growth, maximizing crop yields and sustaining agricultural productivity. A field trial was conducted to evaluate how irrigation and nutrient management affect the growth characteristics and dry fodder yield of maize. The experiment involved four irrigation levels viz. no irrigation (I0), one irrigation at 20 days after sowing (DAS) (I1), two irrigations at 20 and 40 DAS (I2) and three irrigations at 20, 40 and 60 DAS (I3) and four fertilizer levels viz. recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (275-125-80-125-8 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, gypsum and sulphur) (F1), poultry manure (PM) (5 t ha-1) (F2), 75% RDF + PM (2.5 t ha-1) (F3) and 50% RDF + PM (5 t ha-1) (F4). The study was conducted with a split-plot layout and included three replications. Research results demonstrated significant impacts of both irrigation and nutrient management on growth metrics and the production of dry forage. At harvest, the highest plant height (177.72 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (12.16) and chlorophyll content (47.15) were recorded with three irrigations at 20, 40 and 60 DAS fertilized with 75% RDF + PM @ 2.5 t ha-1 whereas the highest total dry matter (40.60 g) and dry fodder yield (4.51 t ha-1) was recorded with two irrigations at 20 and 40 DAS along with RDF. These results emphasize that maize can produce maximum dry fodder yield with two irrigations at 20 and 40 DAS along with RDF whereas three irrigations at 20, 40 and 60 DAS fertilized with 75% RDF + PM @ 2.5 t ha-1 obtained the superior growth traits of maize.
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Babichev, Alexandr N., Alexander P. Tishchenko, and Anna M. Baeva. "Drip irrigation of young vineyards plantations under the conditions of the Republic of Crimea." Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering 13, no. 4 (2023): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2023-13-4-131-143.
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Purpose: to determine elements of irrigation technology for young vineyard plantations using the drip irrigation method on various types of soil in the Republic of Crimea and test them under the conditions of this region. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the village of Pavlovka, Belogorsky district of the Republic of Crimea. The establishment of field experiments and observations were carried out using generally accepted methods for setting up and conducting field experiments. Results. As a result of the research, the water-physical properties of soils of the Republic of Crimea were analyzed and rational elements of the technology for irrigating young vineyard plantations using drip irrigation on various types of soils (limits of optimal soil moisture, dripper consumption, wetted depth, irrigation period and water application rate) were calculated. When calculating the irrigation regime for the drip irrigation method, it is necessary to take into account the wetted layer depth, the physical properties of soil, the planting pattern, the moisture contour shape, the dripper flow rate and pre-irrigation soil moisture. The elements of irrigation technology for young vineyard plantations vary significantly, for example, the recommended flow rate of drippers varies from 2–4 l/h on chernozems to 6–8 l/h on light chestnut soils and steppe solonetzes, while the duration of irrigation varies from 2–3 h on light chestnut soils up to 6–9 h on ordinary chernozems. Conclusions. When testing the results, it was found that the drip irrigation method has a positive effect on the survival rate of table grape cuttings. On average, this indicator for varieties was 98.8%. For soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Crimea, the varieties Sport, Podarok to Irina, Baikonur and Zabava turned out to be the most responsive in terms of their morphological characteristics. During the growing season of the first year young table grapes (in a medium-dry year), 16 irrigations of 30 cubic m/ha with an irrigation rate of 480 cubic m/ha were carried out, while the total water consumption excluding the use of moisture from soil was 3740 cubic m/ha.
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Colimba-Limaico, Javier Ezcequiel, Sergio Zubelzu-Minguez, and Leonor Rodríguez-Sinobas. "Optimal Irrigation Scheduling for Greenhouse Tomato Crop (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) in Ecuador." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051020.
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Tomato crop is grown worldwide and is considered a mass consumer product. In Ecuador, tomato growers face two major issues: water scarcity and water mismanagement, which cause a reduction in the framers’ gross income and ecosystem services. This paper is aimed at finding an optimal irrigation scheduling in greenhouse tomato crop to achieve a balance among production, fruit quality and water use efficiency. Thus, two experiments were settled. In the first experiment, four water doses (80, 100, 120 and 140% ETc) and two irrigation frequencies (one and two irrigations per day) were compared. The second experiment evaluated the two best water doses of the first one (100 and 120% ETc) and four irrigation frequencies (one and two irrigations per day, one irrigation every two days, one irrigation every three days). Each experiment monitored the variables for tomato production (plant height, stem diameter, fruits per plant, yield) and tomato quality (pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity). The study concluded that water doses affected more than irrigation frequency to fruit quality and production. The dose of 100% ETc, applied in one irrigation per day, is suggested to obtain a balance between production, fruit quality and water use efficiency.
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Watson, D. J., and G. Drysdale. "Irrigation practices on north-east Victorian dairy farms: a survey." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 12 (2005): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03231.
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The north-east region of Victoria is an important water-harvesting catchment for gravity-fed irrigators downstream of Lake Mulwala. Dairy farmers are significant users of irrigation water in north-east Victoria but little was known about their irrigation practices and attitudes. A survey undertaken in 2000 collected data on irrigation practices and attitudes from 92% of the irrigating dairy farmers in the region. It found diversity in many aspects of irrigation amongst the region’s irrigated dairy farms, ranging from the proportion of the farm irrigated to the irrigation system used, and identified areas where improvements to irrigation practices could be made. More than 8 different irrigation systems were used in the region, and flood irrigation was the most commonly used. However, a large proportion (37%) of flood irrigators were contemplating changing to spray irrigation, mostly to long lateral hand move sprinkler irrigation, in an effort to improve water use efficiency. More than 50% of respondents did not meter irrigation water use, and 83% pumped water directly from rivers or creeks, with dams and dragline holes the next most common sources. Irrigation scheduling (when to start irrigating and the frequency of irrigation thereafter) and the amount of water to apply were generally based on knowledge and experience rather than on soil moisture monitoring equipment or use of evaporation rates. Most survey respondents recognised that their irrigation practices could improve and said that they would be interested in information to help them make more informed decisions about irrigation practices.
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Rahman, Md Moshiur, Abdul Hadi, and Md Abdus Salam. "Late Sowing and Irrigation Cutback Effects on Yield and Economic Performances of Dry Direct Seeded Boro Rice." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v21i2.68028.
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Dry direct seeding (DDS) is a water saving rice cultivation technology. The sowing of dry direct seeded rice in boro season is generally delayed when grown under the T. aman rice – Rabi crops – DDS boro rice pattern. An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effect of sowing date and irrigation schedule on growth and yield of DDS boro rice. The experiment used two sets of treatments (a) two sowing dates viz. 22 February and 13 March; and (b) six irrigation regimes viz. no irrigation, one irrigation at 25% Field Capacity (FC), two irrigations at 25% FC and 1 week after (WA) 25% FC, three irrigations at 25% FC, 1WA 25% FC and 2 WA 25% FC, four irrigations at 25% FC, 1 WA 25% FC, 2 WA 25% FC and 3 WA 25% FC and one irrigation at 3 weeks after 25% FC and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications allocating sowing dates into the main plot and irrigation schedule into the subplots. BRRI dhan58 was used as test crop. The result showed that grain yield of the crop did not differ significantly for sowing on 13 March and 22 February. The study revealed that BRRI dhan58 sown on 13 March with four irrigations applied at 25% FC, 1 WA 25% FC, 2 WA 25% FC and 3 WA 25% FC produced the highest economic return and hence it is concluded that the sowing date of boro rice could be delayed up to 13 March with four irrigations. SAARC J. Agric., 21(2): 67-80 (2023)
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Alghawry, Adnan, Attila Yazar, Mustafa Unlu, Yeşim Bozkurt Çolak, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal, Celaleddin Barutcular, Enas M. El-Ballat, et al. "Irrigation Rationalization Boosts Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yield and Reduces Rust Incidence under Arid Conditions." BioMed Research International 2021 (September 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535399.
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Under changing climate, water scarcity and frequent incidence of diseases like stripe rust pose the biggest threat to sustainable crop production which jeopardizes nutritional security. A study was executed to rationalize crop water requirement and evaluate wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bohoth 3) yield losses by stripe rust infection under irrigated conditions. Seven water treatments included three irrigations in three stages/season ( S 3 ), four irrigations ( S 4 ), and five irrigations ( S 5 ) at the different sensitive growth stages, full ( F ), and two deficit irrigation levels including D 1 = 80 % of field capacity (FC) and D 2 = 70 % (FC) along with farmers’ practice of irrigation as control ( C ). Results revealed that F and D 1 boosted grain yield by 31 and 14%. Overall, F irrigation regime resulted in the highest grain production (2.93 ton/ha) as well as biomass yield (13.2 ton/ha). However, D 2 had the highest value of grain protein (15.9%) and achieved the highest application efficiency (AE) at midseason (54.6%) and end season (59.6%), and the lowest AE was under S 3 . Also, halting irrigation at the milky stage ( S 5 ) led to a significant decrease in irrigation water use efficiency as compared to D 1 . However, cutting irrigation at the end of seedling, heading, and milky stages ( S 3 ) caused a significant reduction in E a , crop water use (ETa), and 1000 grain weight in comparison with all other treatments. Regarding yellow rust, S 3 irrigation regime resulted in the lowest incidence of yellow rust infection. The highest irrigation and water use efficiency values were recorded under D 1 (0.79 and 0.59 kg/m3), and the lowest values were obtained for control. Hence, the deficit irrigation treatment D 1 could be recommended as the best appropriate strategy to save more water and to improve the water productivity under Yemeni agroclimatic conditions.