Academic literature on the topic 'Irrigation on Agriculture and Economy of the farmer'
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Journal articles on the topic "Irrigation on Agriculture and Economy of the farmer"
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M, Girisha K., Jahnavi N, Kavyashree Y. K, and Asfa Fathima N. "Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 4621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54502.
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Abstract: Agriculture is a source of livelihood of majority Indians and has great impact on the economy of the country. In dry areas or in case of inadequate rainfall, irrigation becomes difficult. So, it needs to be automated for proper yield and handled remotely for farmer safety. Increasing energy costs and decreasing water supplies point out the need for better water management. Irrigation management is a complex decision making process to determine when and how much water to apply to a growing crop to meet specific management objectives. If the farmer is far From the agricultural land he will not be noticed of current conditions. So, efficient water management plays an important role in the irrigated agricultural cropping systems. A low cost alternative solution for efficient water management currently in use is drip irrigation systems that consist of an automated controller to turn on & off the control values, which in turn helps the farmers by managing the water supply to the crop fields and further maintains the moisture levels of soil that helps in better crop production. This project probes into the design of the automated irrigation system based on Arduino. This Embedded project is to design and develop a low cost feature which is based on embedded platform for water irrigation system. This project uses temperature and soil moisture sensors to detect the water quantity present in agriculture. The project uses Arduino micro controller which is controller to process the information. The aim of the implementation was to demonstrate that the automatic irrigation can be used to reduce water use
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Kumari, Akanksha, and Prabhat Kumar Sahu. "Internet of Things-Based Smart Drip Irrigation Using Arduino." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9286.
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Agriculture is one of the primary sectors in the Indian economy. Over the past several years, agricultural scientific techniques and agricultural implements have developed in the region, replacing the traditional method of farming. By which the economic condition of the farmers has improved. In addition, there are still some small farmers in India who use the old traditional methods of farming of agriculture because they do not have the resources to use modern methods. Besides, it is the only region that has contributed not only to the development of itself but also to other areas of the country. Agriculture has a major contribution to the country’s GDP and national income. In addition, it requires a huge manpower and labour which constitutes about 80% of the total workforce. Employees work not only directly but indirectly in the agricultural sector. Irrigation is the use of controlled amounts of water at the required intervals to the plants. Effective irrigation will affect seed development, germination, root growth, utilization of nutrients, plant growth and revival, yield and quality of the entire development process. The farmer knows how much water he has to give to the crop and when crop is to be planted, but the best system of irrigation it is necessary to have the information about use of equipment, plant species, soil structure, soil preparation and It is also important to be aware of all these that at what stage to watering the plant. The aim of this research paper is to describe how the Internet of Things (IoT) framework plays an important role in the field of agriculture. Here to show the importance of IoT in agriculture, we choose “Smart Drip Irrigation System.”
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Krishna,, M., A. Vinitha, S. Ravinder, and G. Akhilesh. "SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING RASPBERRY PI." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 11, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 2686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.61841/turcomat.v11i3.14485.
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In India most of people is doing work related agriculture directly or indirectly. An economy of India is mostly affected by agriculture related activities. To check water level of well, farmer have to go to farm and start water pump. Sometimes he has to go in night. If fire is spread in farm how farmer can know? If he know about it, he cannot do anything about it because many plants burned .In this project, we will make one smart irrigation system which will notify farmer on his registered mobile device and email address, if the soil is dry and it need watering, using soil moisture sensor and also notify by glowing bulb and start motor which is attached with main controller. System is also measuring the water level of well and notify the farmer two times a day. For fire detection we used flame detection sensor and if fire is there in farm system will notify the farmer and also buzzer will blow. The aim of this project is to develop a smart irrigation monitoring system using raspberry pi. Focus area will be parameters such as temperature and soil moisture. This system will be a substitute to traditional farming method. We will develop such a system that will help a farmer to know his field status in his home or he may be residing in any part of the world. It proposes an automatic irrigation system for the agricultural lands. Currently the automation is one of the important role in the human life. It not only provide comfort but also reduce energy, efficiency and time saving. Now the industries use automation and control machine which is high in cost and not suitable for using in a farm field. So here it also to design a smart irrigation technology in low cost which is usable by Indian farmers.Raspberry pi is the main heart of the whole system. An automated irrigation system was developed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. Automation allows us to control appliances automatically. The objectives of this project were to control the water motor automatically, monitor the plant growth using webcam and we can also watch live streaming of farm on android mobiles by using wifi.
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Mirra, Laura, Simone Russo, and Massimiliano Borrello. "Exploring Factors Shaping Farmer Behavior in Wastewater Utilization for Agricultural Practices: A Rapid Review." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (March 29, 2024): 2870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072870.
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In recent years, circular economy strategies have gained attention in agriculture, particularly regarding the utilization of wastewater as an alternative water source. This study employs a rapid review methodology to examine farmers’ attitudes toward wastewater use in agriculture. By analyzing studies in literature published from 2000 to 2023, this review identifies the key factors influencing farmers’ adoption of wastewater irrigation. These findings are valuable for policymakers seeking to develop targeted policies that support and encourage the adoption of wastewater irrigation, thereby contributing to sustainable water resource management.
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Ahiwale, Mahendra Krishna. "Farmers Health and Economy." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 11, no. 4 (March 21, 2022): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2022/100.
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BACKGROUND Farmers’ health is an issue now a days. India is an agriculture-based country. 50 % of population is dependent on agriculture. Formers have their day-to-day maintenance (food, travel, cloths and shelter) on agricultural income. If the farmers are in trouble due to any reason it will have its effect on the source of food to general population. Which puts them onto a subject of scientific research. METHODS This study involved farmers living in villages of general population. In July 2018, data was collected from a sample of 45 (forty-five) farmers after random selection. This data was collected by using a specially designed interview schedule and observation technique through a house-to-house survey. Verbal consent was obtained. This information was analysed, tabulated and finally presented in the form of numbers and percentages. RESULTS Our present study shows that out of the total 45 respondents, 33.3 % belonged to 30 to 35 years of age group, 47 % from 36 to 50 years of age group and remaining 19.7 % were 51 years and above. All of them were males and married. They liked peaceful and calm life3 of village and agriculture. But they were always worried about rain and irrigation. Their educational standard was poor. None of them were graduates and lacked the awareness of technology in agriculture. They failed to grow more crop from the land they owned. CONCLUSIONS It could be concluded from our present study that the general feeling of the common population that farmers are happy land lords and they do not have to worry of poverty is wrong. Because of illiteracy they do not know the proper techniques of farming. Guidance to them is required from agricultural institutes. KEY WORDS Farmers, Agriculture Crops, Rains, Soil, Technique.
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Devanand Kumar, G., B. Vidheya Raju, and Durgesh Nandan. "A Review on the Smart Irrigation System." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9053.
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Agriculture is one of the broadest economic sectors in our country, many farmers and labor depend upon agriculture to develop and to increase the economy of our country. We use many wireless communication modules to communicate the status of the field. We use the smart irrigator system and the smart sensing system and many other sensors to use smart irrigation techniques efficient. The placement of different sensors in different positions of the fields to know the real status of the field. By this, we can automatically water the crop and operate different motors without any physical work. The basic components of this idea are to use the sensors and to get an efficient output in the agricultural sector.
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Ajmera, Avi, Mudit Bhandari, Harshit Kumar Jain, and Supriya Agarwal. "Crop, Fertilizer, & Irrigation Recommendation using Machine Learning Techniques." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47793.
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Abstract: Agriculture is the majority source of income for many people not just in the Indian subcontinent but around the world and hence forms the backbone of the economy. Present-day difficulties like unpredictability in weather conditions, water scarcity, and volatility due to demand- supply fluctuations create the need for the farmer to be equipped with modern day techniques. More specifically, topics like less yield of crops due to unpredictable climate, faulty irrigation resources, and soil fertility level depletions needto be communicated. Hence there is a requirement to modify the abundant agriculture data into modern day technologies and make them conveniently accessible to farmers. A technique that can be implemented in crop yield predictionis Machine learning. Numerous machine learning techniqueslike regression, clustering, classification and prediction can be employed in crop yield forecasting. Algorithms like Naïve Bayes, support vector machines, decision trees, linear and logistic regression, and artificial neural networks can be employed in the prediction. The wide array of available algorithms poses a selection dilemma with reference to the selected crop. The purpose of this study is to investigate how different machine learning algorithms may be used to forecast agricultural production and present an approach in the context of big data computing for crop yield prediction and fertilizer recommendation using machine learning techniques
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Chendrayudu, N. "EMERGING MICRO-IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMING SYSTEMS IN THE DROUGHT PRONE AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF CHITTOOR DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA." Geographical Analysis 9, no. 2 (December 5, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ga.v9i2.1.
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Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh has varied Physical and Climatic conditions and the district population is mainly depending on agriculture and its related activities. But, the district is far behind in irrigation sources which is the back bone of agriculture. The district soils and weather phenomenon are very much favorable for agricultural operations. But the district is located in low rain fall receiving and drought prone area and it is vulnerable for discontinues, un reliable, onset failure of monsoons. Once, the district is known for some agriculture surface wells and yearlong water flowing streams. Surface wells are totally replaced by tube wells and water flowing streams became dry and encroached. In later stage majority tube wells of the district became dry even 1400 – 1500 feet wells. In want of irrigation water, several farmers constructed more than one tube well. Some farmers failed in obtaining water even from five to six tube wells constructed which has been leading for ‘Farmer Suicides’ noticed in several parts of low rainfall receiving areas of Andhra Pradesh state. In this circumstances Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP) was launched in united Andhra Pradesh in the month of November 2003 with an objective of enhancing the crop productivity by improving the water use efficiency through micro irrigation techniques, improving the economic conditions of the farmers by conserving water, bringing additional area into cultivation with the available water resources, enhancing the crop productivity and production, quality, facilitating judicious usage of underground water, saving in power consumption and cost of cultivation. APMIP is being implemented with the assistance from Government of India, State Government and farmer contribution. The APMIP did a sea change in agriculture by bringing major fallow land under cultivation and creating the awareness about various benefits of micro-irrigation techniques in the farming community to achieve the slogan ‘more crops per drop’. In this circumstance emergence of micro-irrigation system has very much needed in drought prone area like Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh with an aim of enhancing the crop productivity by improving the water use efficiency through micro irrigation systems for sustainable agriculture. The present study is based on both empirical observations and secondary information sources to analyze the achievement of micro irrigation in drought prone Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh.
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Aryan, Raj, Ankur Mishra, Sachin Kumar, and Ms Sonia Kumari. "A Smart Farming and “Crop Monitoring Technology” in Agriculture Using IOT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1072–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42409.
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Abstract: A Smart Farming and “Crop Monitoring Technology” Using IOT in Agriculture. Agriculture is basic source of livelihood People in India. It plays major role in economy of country. But now a days due to migration of people from rural to urban there is hindrance in agriculture. Monitoring the environmental factor is not the complete solution to increase the yield of crops. There are no of factors that decrease the productivity to a great extent. Hence Automation must be implemented in agriculture to overcome these problems. An automatic irrigation system thereby saving time, money and power of farmer. The Traditional Farm land irrigation techniques require manual intervention. With the automated technology of irrigation the human intervention can be minimized. Continuous sensing an monitoring of crops by convergence of sensors with Internet of things (IOT) and making farmers to aware about crops growth, harvest time periodically and in turn making high productivity of crops and also ensuring correct delivery of products to end, consumers at right place and right time. So to overcome this problem we go for smart agriculture technique using IOT. This Project includes sensors such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture and rain detector for collection the field data and processed. These sensors are combined with well established web technology in the form of wireless sensor network to remotely control and monitor data from the sensors. Keywords: Arduino Uno, ESP8266 (Wi-Fi module), Automation of Irrigation System, Sensors, Batteries, Motor, etc
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Chendrayudu, N., and G. S. Srinivasa Gopinath. "Agricultural Land Distribution and Irrigation Potentiality: A Case Study of Guntur District, A.P." Geographical Analysis 8, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ga.v8i2.1.
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Agriculture is the most important sector of Indian Economy. Indian agriculture sector accounts for 18 per cent of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) and provides employment to 50% of the countries workforce. India is the world’s largest producer of Pulses, Paddy, Wheat, Spices and spice products. Andhra Pradesh is with agriculture as a major source of income for about 60% of its population. In the last 70 years, the annual growth rate of agriculture has been 2.88%, which is far below the target growth of 4% per annum. Even today maximum percentage of land and water resource potentiality is under the hands of few farmers (Forward caste) followed by Backward caste farmers, where as Schedule caste and Schedule Tribes farmers are the marginalized agricultural social groups. This situation has caused the disparities among farmers agricultural land and irrigation water potentiality. The present paper examined intraregional disparities in agriculture land holdings and irrigation potentiality in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh. Keywords: Agriculture; Irrigation; Land distribution; Gross Domestic Product (GDP); Schedule Caste; Schedule Tribes
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Irrigation on Agriculture and Economy of the farmer"
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Sarkar, Bappa. "Problems and prospects of irrigation in Koch Bihar District, West Bengal- Geographical analysis." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2681.
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Mandal, Manoranjan. "Status of irrigation and its impact on agriculture in Jalpaiguri District." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4367.
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Robert, Marion. "Modeling adaptive decision-making of farmer : an integrated economic and management model, with an application to smallholders in India." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30251/document.
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Dans les régions semi-arides, les systèmes de production agricole dépendent fortement de l'irrigation et font face à des difficultés croissantes (épuisement des ressources naturelles, forte volatilité des prix du marché, hausse des coûts de l'énergie, incertitude sur les changements climatiques). Modéliser ces systèmes agricoles et la façon dont ils s'adaptent est important pour les décideurs politiques afin de mieux évaluer leur flexibilité et leur résilience. Pour comprendre la capacité des systèmes agricoles à s'adapter, il est essentiel de considérer l'ensemble du processus de décision : des décisions sur le long-terme à l'échelle de l'exploitation aux décisions de court-terme à l'échelle de la parcelle. Pour ce faire, cette thèse conçoit un système de production agricole adaptable dans un contexte de diminution de l'eau et de changement climatique. Elle fournit une méthodologie guidant l'acquisition de données, leur analyse et la conception de modèle. Elle présente le modèle de simulation NAMASTE représentant les décisions des agriculteurs, les interactions entre agriculteurs pour l'utilisation des ressources communes et met l'accent sur la rétroaction entre pratiques agricoles et évolution de la nappe phréatique. Le modèle a été initialement développé pour résoudre les problèmes critiques de baisse des eaux souterraines liés aux pratiques agricoles dans un bassin versant du sud-ouest de l'Inde. Sa structure, ses cadres conceptuels et ses formalismes peuvent être utilisés dans d'autres contextes agricolesIn semi-arid regions, agricultural production systems depend greatly on irrigation and encounter increasing challenges (depletion of natural resources, high volatility in market prices, rise in energy costs, growing uncertainty about climate change). Modeling farming systems and how these systems change and adapt to these challenges is particularly interesting for policy makers to better assess their flexibility and resiliency. To understand the ability of farming systems to adapt, it is essential to consider the entire decision-making process: from long-term decisions at the farm scale to short-term decisions at the plot level. To this end, the thesis conceives a flexible and resilient agricultural production system under a context of water scarcity and climate change. It provides a step-by-step methodology that guides data acquisition and analysis and model design. It proposes a simulation model NAMASTE that simulates the farmers' decisions in different time and space scales, represents the interactions between farmers for resource uses and emphasizes the feedback and retroaction between farming practices and changes in the water table. The model was initially developed to address critical issues of groundwater depletion and farming practices in a watershed in southwestern India. Its structure, frameworks and formalisms can be used in other agricultural contexts
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Stevens, Daniel A. "The performance of a large farmer-managed irrigation system in the Terai of Nepal." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7652.
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The objective of this program of intensive field research was to use quantitative measurements and detailed observation over a significant period of time in order to evaluate the performance of a large farmer-managed irrigation system in the Terai region of Nepal. This study sought to evaluate the 1500 hectare Sorha Mauja Irrigation System (SMIS) near Butwal, Nepal, through one year of field research. Specific measures evaluated include water use efficiency, water allocation and equity, water supply adequacy, cropping intensity and crop production. Data collected over an eight month period corresponding to the "dry season" included: climate, water supply and deliveries at all levels of the system, second and third crop season irrigations, cropping intensity, crop production and management activities. SMIS farmers face a problem of high water conveyance and delivery losses between the source and their fields during the dry season. Nevertheless, the water supply is adequate for irrigated cropping of all the cultivable land in the command area except during the period of February through May. Resolution of the water adequacy and conveyance loss problems during the third crop period may facilitate even higher annual production. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Magqibelo, Sinovuyo. "Impact of smallholder irrigation schemes on rural livelihoods of farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: the case of Melani Irrigation Scheme." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1774.
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Irrigation farming is one of the most important rural development investments that can have both direct and indirect impacts on poverty and food security. The irregular and unreliable rainfall in the Eastern Cape Province has caused the smallholder farmers to deepen the irrigation farming systems as a strategy to cope with food shortage, income and poverty. South Africa has invested substantially in smallholder irrigation to benefit smallholder farmers in the less developed areas. Although the investment on small scale irrigation was to improve the welfare of the people, the performance and welfare impact of smallholder irrigation schemes has been poor and fall far short of the expectations of many stakeholders. The broad objective of the study was to examine the contribution of smallholder irrigation scheme on rural livelihoods of smallholder farmers at the project area. The null hypothesis was that smallholder irrigation schemes have no impact on farmer’s livelihoods. The alternative hypothesis for this study was that Melani irrigation scheme is contributing in improving rural livelihoods of smallholder farmers in the area. Cross study research design was used in the methodology. The purposive sampling was applied in order to choose a sample of 107 respondents that were interviewed using questionnaires, including both irrigating and non-irrigating farmers. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to find out whether the performance of the two groups of farmers is different and to what extent. To determine the specific role of irrigation an Independent T-Test was ran. Out of the selected sample 68 percent of households were farmers, 7.5 percent informal employed and 27 percent unemployed. It was found that the majority of participants were males and were uneducated. They depended on social grants for a living. The findings from the study showed that 84 percent of the respondents agreed that there is no market available in the village and farmers had limited access to credits. The crop income was the most contributing factor to household income. The results showed that whether the farmer is a non-irrigator or an irrigator the performance is not significant. Irrigation scheme improvement attained by smallholder farmers need to be maintained.
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Sipoko, Nomava. "Effect of irrigation farming potential on commercialization of smallholder farming in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019772.
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Enhancement of smallholder production to improve rural livelihood is an important policy goal in developing countries. Research findings indicate that smallholder production can be improved through establishment of new smallholder irrigation schemes, and the rehabilitation of abandoned ones. Smallholder irrigation has a potential to contribute significantly in shifting smallholder farming to commercial farming. Although the roles of irrigating farmers are clearly defined, smallholder farmer’s development results in South Africa have been disappointing. The performance of smallholder irrigation is unsatisfactory. Smallholder irrigation has failed to improve the standard of living and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in South Africa. The majority of farmers are still producing at subsistence level. This study, therefore, aimed to contribute to smallholder irrigation literature in two ways; firstly by evaluating the extent of irrigation participation of smallholder farmers towards commercialization in the study areas. The study also examined the determinants of irrigation participation among smallholder farmers. A sample of 80 households was drawn by random sampling of smallholders in four villages as follows: 40 respondents from Mgxabakazi and Dinizulu villages and 40 respondents from Ncorha flats and Tshatshu. The sample included both irrigators and non-irrigators. Descriptive analysis shows that irrigators had better production and wellbeing than non-irrigators. For the inferential analysis of the data, two models were employed namely, Binary Logistic Regression Model (BRM) and Truncated Regression Model (TRM). The Binary Regression model was used to predict the probability of farmers participating in irrigation schemes. Whether or not a farmer participated in irrigation was introduced as the binary dependent or response variable that could be explained by a range of explanatory or predictor variables such as source of water, land size, ability to sustain business, membership in the scheme, market access, availability of the irrigation system, willingness to irrigate, farming type commercial or subsistence and institutional support services. From these predictor variables, being part of the irrigation, ability to sustain business and market were found to be factors influencing farmer’s decision to participate. The second model required the in-depth investigation of the influence of irrigation participation as reflected by extent of commercialization. In order to do this, the level of commercialization was measured by calculating Household Commercialization Index. Then the truncated regression model (TR) was used to test the factors that affect the level of commercialization for the farmers who are participating in the irrigation schemes.Age, irrigated land, willingness to commercialize and gross value of production were found to exert strong influence on the level of commercialization among farmers participating in irrigation. The study recommends that investments in smallholder irrigation should receive high priority, with emphasis on collective action, promotion of contract farming and strengthening the support services from government and the private sector, and ensuring enhanced access to market to all farmers.
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Jiba, Phiwe. "Evaluation of the socio-economic performance of smallholder irrigation schemes in Idutywa Village of the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4705.
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South Africa and other African countries are faced with high levels of food insecurity and poverty levels as a result of slow growth of the macro economy and weak or sluggish rural development. Irrigation scheme development is seen as an important strategy to address the challenges faced by households in rural areas and restores growth and enhanced livelihoods. While the international experience shows that Irrigation schemes are potentially transformative of poor communities and have been operational for many years now, there is no marked improvement in living conditions of rural households in terms of livelihoods and income. This raises the question as to whether or not the schemes are viable from a socio-economic perspective and whether or not there are reasons for concern and revision of the policy framework for smallholder irrigation schemes. As a result of that, the broad objective of the study was to evaluate the contribution of smallholder irrigation schemes to household income and food security of rural households in Idutywa village of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Specifically, this research investigated the major factors that influence their performance, impact of irrigation farming on rural livelihood and household food security as well as identifying the possible opportunities of production that would improve their performance. The study was carried out in Idutywa villages of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa and employed survey data obtained from 107 households. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and the study employed stratified random sampling. The study made use of descriptive and inferential statistics to estimate the central tendency and dispersion as well as testing the hypothesis that there is a difference in the contribution between irrigators and non-irrigators using STATA and SPSS. Probit regression model was used to estimate factors that influenced the performance of smallholder irrigation schemes. The descriptive statistics employed included means, percentages and frequencies on the socio-economic characteristics of households in the study areas. The results show that females were dominant with a representation of 66.7 percent. The majority of households were aged and the mean age was 65 years. High level of illiteracy in the project area was revealed by the data. The average number of years, households spent in school was between 6 years to 10 years in school. Farming was found to be the major agricultural economic activity. Sixty-three (63 percent) were full time farmers. The results further show that household size ranges between 1 to 5 persons. The households were shown to be mostly dependent on social grant with household income hovering around R 1 000. The results from propensity score matching revealed that irrigation exerts a positive impact on household income. This provides sufficient evidence that irrigation schemes do make a contribution to rural livelihoods through their effect on household income and food security. This implies that government should continue investing in irrigation schemes as part of a strategy to grow the rural economy and improve rural livelihoods. This is in line with the Agricultural Policy Action Plan (APAP) and National Development Plan (NDP) of South Africa. Probit analysis suggests that age of the households, household size and market were some of the key determinants that positively influenced households’ decision to participate in smallholder irrigation schemes while access to credit had significant but negative effect on households’ decision to participate in smallholder irrigation schemes. Based on the findings highlighted above, it is recommended that addressing such barriers may create enabling conditions that would encourage households to access and participate more effectively in smallholder irrigation schemes.
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Ndlovu, Sikhanyiso. "Community development projects and food security: the case of Zanyokwe Irrigation Project Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007226.
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Although food insecurity is said to have decreased in South Africa in the past years particularly at the national level, however, at household level a substantial proportion of households remains at risk of food insecurity and are experiencing hunger particularly in the Eastern Cape Province were poverty is rife. Food insecurity in the Eastern Cape Province is attributed to the fact that agriculture, the mainstay of the rural economy is no longer given the value that it should carry, does not help the situation. Despite much research on food (in) security in South Africa, the link between poverty and household food security is not at all clear. This study seeks to fill this gap specifically by looking at the linkages in the main between food security and poverty especially in the community level. Amidst the various programmes and initiatives that are in place in South Africa, there is continual prevalence of food insecurity facing the majority of South African households. The major aim of this study was therefore to examine the impact of one of these programmes, the Zanyokwe irrigation scheme in enhancing food security not only for the farmers but also for the surrounding communities. This study adopted a qualitative approach to research. The study unearthed that even though Zanyokwe irrigation scheme has played an indispensable role in enhancing food security for the smallholder farmers and the community at large challenges such as market challenges, road infrastructural issues, land tenure issues, lack of proper coordination amongst the farmers as well as farmer empowerment are a major limitation to the growth of the irrigation scheme and the farmers. Thus, the study recommended that farmer support services, training, agriculture subsidies, improved infrastructure as well as addressing market related challenges will go a long way in reducing the plight of the Zanyokwe farmers as well as enhancing food security
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Smith, S. Andrew Enticknap, and ANDREW_SMITH@acdi-cida gc ca. "Water First : a political history of hydraulics in Vietnam's Red River Delta." The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050314.135921.
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Between 1961 and 1976 Häi Hung province -- present day Häi Duong and Hung
Yên -- lost the equivalent of two entire districts of agricultural land. How could so
much land be abandoned under a collectivised agriculture system? And what role
did poor water control infrastructure play in creating such a situation?¶
I answer these questions by examining the historical patterns of hydraulic
development in northern Vietnam from the beginning of the 19th century until the
introduction of the Production Contract system in 1981. Underlying both the
French colonial and communist visions of modernity and economic development
was a belief that improving agricultural productivity, of which large-scale hydraulic
infrastructure was an important component, could catalyse growth in the rural
economy, which could then finance industrialisation. I argue throughout this thesis
that developing large-scale hydraulic infrastructure in the Red River delta has relied
upon the creation of a hydraulic bargain between the state and water users. This is
in contrast to Wittfogel's theory of the hydraulic state, insofar as developing
hydraulic infrastructure has depended upon the active political and economic
participation and support of water users, and not the absolute power of the state.
The political economic history of the hydraulic bargain highlights the relative
power of peasants to influence the direction of large-scale hydraulic development
and, as such, the shape of the Red River delta's wet-rice economy.
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Kibirige, Douglas. "Impact of human dimensions on smallholder farming in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007532.
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Considering the backward and forward linkages, the agro-industrial sector contributes about 12 percent of South Africa‘s GDP, and employs approximately 8.5 million people. In the Eastern Cape Province, the sector contributes about 1.9 percent of the Provincial GDP, and over 3 million people derive their livelihoods from subsistence smallholder farming. Despite its importance, agricultural productivity has stagnated for several years across the Eastern Cape rural communities. There have been several attempts by the government to improve the agricultural productivity on smallholder farms since the end of apartheid, especially through the establishment of small-scale irrigation schemes, subsidization of farm inputs, and provision of credit facilities and enacting a number of land reform policies. In spite of the government support, most rural communities like Qamata and Tyefu are still faced with high levels of poverty affecting 76 percent and 91 percent of the population, respectively. This research evaluated the current smallholders‘ production efficiency, and the link between smallholder farmers‘ human dimensions (entrepreneurial spirit and positive psychological capital, goals and social capital, and other efficiency related variables) with production efficiency and household commercialisation index/level. The study used participatory approaches for site selection, sample selection and data collection. The analysis was based on both information from informal interviews and formal primary data collection. The Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Production Frontier techniques were used to determine the relative efficiencies of individual farmers and to identify the major factors that influence the efficiency of production. Overall, 158 farmers were interviewed both at Qamata and Tyefu irrigation schemes. Descriptive statistics of this study indicated that most of the farmers were men with an average age of 61 years, and mean household size of 4 persons with the household head having at least obtained some primary school education. Farming is the major source of livelihood for smallholders with an average income of R4527.49 per crop season. Smallholders use improved seeds, fertilizers and tractor for ploughing with less use of pesticides and herbicides. Although smallholder irrigators generate more gross margins from maize and cabbage enterprises, generally both categories of farmers exhibited a low average household commercialization index for maize and cabbage at 0.41 and 0.22, respectively. Both Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Production Frontier results indicate that farmers are about 98 percent technically efficient in maize and cabbage enterprises, respectively. However, farmers were allocatively inefficient as they were under-utilizing seed and pesticides while over-utilizing inorganic fertilizers. Factors that are positively associated with technical efficiency in maize production included household size, farming experience, off-farm income, use of agro-chemical; gross margins and commercialisation level of maize output. Determinants of technical efficiency in cabbage enterprise included farming experience, amount of land owned, use of agro-chemicals, group membership and gross margins accrued to cabbage sales. Farmers‘ human dimensions that could be more positively and significantly associated with production, efficiency and household commercialisation level included risk taking (hope), innovativeness (confidence) and optimism for entrepreneurial/positive psychological capital. Farmers‘ goals included self-esteem and independence, and only external social capital which were identified to be more positively and significantly associated with farmers‘ production efficiency and commercialization level. The transition from homestead subsistence to commercial oriented small-scale irrigation farming is inevitable since smallholder irrigators earn more incomes from maize and cabbage and are relatively food secure. However, the key policy options that must be considered to address inefficiencies and improved commercialization level to aid the transition include: agricultural policies geared toward attracting youth in farming, improved quality of extension services, speeding up the land reform process, and formation of cooperatives and participatory policy formulation that takes full cognizance of the farmers‘ human dimensions. Since farmers‘ human dimensions as defined in the literature and this study are not things that are amenable to direct policy intervention, they can only be modified indirectly through policy actions that affect their determinants. This means that a number of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics such as age, sex and education level of household head, farming experience, size of land owned, crop incomes, source of water for irrigation and location of the irrigation scheme that govern the way people perceive reality and respond to them must be the focus of concerted policy actions over the medium to long term.
Books on the topic "Irrigation on Agriculture and Economy of the farmer"
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Christy, Ralph D. Farmer cooperatives in a declining agricultural economy. Baton Rouge, La: Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 1987.
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Pradhan, Prachanda. Increasing agricultural production in Nepal: Role of low-cost irrigation development through farmer participation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Irrigation Management Institute, 1989.
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Murray-Rust, H. Empowerment of farmer organizations: Case study of farmer managed irrigated agriculture project, Sindh. Lahore: International Water Management Institute, 2001.
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Pawar, A. N. Impact of irrigation on Indian farm economy. New Delhi: Serials Publications, 2011.
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Rehman, Saeed ur. Proposed business plan for pilot farmer organizations: Extended project on farmer managed irrigated agriculture in LBOD project area of Sindh Province. Lahore: International Water Management Institute, 2001.
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Pant, Niranjan. Community tubewell and agricultural development: An organisational alternative to very small farmers irrigation in East Gangetic plains. New Delhi: Ashish, 1985.
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Villarejo, Don. 93640 at risk: Farmers, workers, and townspeople in an era of water uncertainty. Davis, CA: California Institute for Rural Studies, 1996.
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Council, Population, ed. The Kano River Irrigation Project. West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian Press, 1985.
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The political economy of a small farmer agricultural strategy in SADCC. Place of publication not identified]: Overseas Development Council, the Political Economy of Southern Africa, 1986.
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Don, Van Atta, ed. The "Farmer threat": The political economy of agrarian reform in post-Soviet Russia. Boulder: Westview Press, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Irrigation on Agriculture and Economy of the farmer"
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Njagi, Timothy, and Yukichi Mano. "Toward a Green Revolution in Sub-Saharan Africa: Farm Mechanization in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme." In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 63–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_5.
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AbstractGovernments in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have made concerted efforts to improve farmers’ adoption of modern technologies in their farm operations to realize a rice Green Revolution, improve food security, and alleviate poverty. However, smallholder farmers’ access to farm mechanization in SSA remains constrained due to supply-side and demand-side challenges. On the supply side, the market for agricultural machinery services is often underdeveloped. On the demand side, the smallholders with inadequate knowledge of improved rice cultivation practices have limited demand for mechanized services despite increasing wage rates. This study analyzes the mechanization process of rice farmers in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. The Mwea Irrigation Scheme is the most advanced rice production area in SSA, with farmers familiar with improved rice cultivation practices, well-functioning input credit markets, and millers adopting modern milling technologies, enabling local rice to compete with imported Asian rice. Analyzing original data collected in 2011, 2016, and 2018, we found that most farmers in Mwea implemented rotavation using tractor services provided by farmers’ cooperatives, while they implemented leveling using draft animals. Non-cooperative members reduced tractor use and adopted draft animals to implement both harrowing and leveling, implying the importance of a well-developed mechanization service market.
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Yueyang, Wang, and Philip F. Yuan. "A Parametric Approach Towards Carbon Net Zero in Agricultural Planning." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 305–14. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_26.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new tool called the Space Data Generator, which is a parametric tool for organizing open spaces in rural areas. It can optimize the layout of buildings, solar panels, and agricultural planting spaces. While architects have been exploring ways to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in building design, it is equally important to attain a feasible carbon-neutral goal in rural areas. This is particularly crucial as 40% of the world's population resides in rural areas, and transitioning towards a more sustainable and efficient economy can bring about not only moral but also economic benefits through proper management [1].The Space Date Generator offers a powerful spatial planning approach for optimizing and planning agricultural resources on any given land. This innovative tool utilizes a combination of remote sensing to generate precise maps of the land, providing a comprehensive understanding of its terrain and potential agricultural resources. With this information, farmers and land managers can make informed decisions about crop selection, irrigation, and fertilizer application, among other factors. By using the Space Date Generator, they can optimize the use of available resources and maximize crop yields, ultimately increasing profitability and sustainability in agriculture [2].Overall, the Space Date Generator is a valuable tool for any farmer or land manager looking to make the most of their land and resources. Its ability to provide detailed and accurate data on the land's potential agricultural resources can help to streamline decision-making processes and ultimately lead to more efficient and sustainable land use practices. The Space data generator uses the collected site coordinate information, geographical status (including stones, lakes, and water patterns), and the planted plants’ price as input. Divide the site into small squares, then configure enough solar panels in the optimal sunlight area of the site to meet the user's needs, and then plant crops on the remaining land. The Space data generator will analyze the number of calories a household needs each year as a percentage. If there is a surplus, the excess food can be allocated to generate economic outcomes on the market. The land area at hand will be subdivided based on its sun ratio, which is a relatively straightforward process. However, we are also interested in determining the value of excess vegetation that may grow in the allocated space. In this regard, the Space Data Generator can prove to be a valuable tool, not only for this particular scenario but also in other types of agricultural settings such as those involving a mix of livestock and crops. Additionally, it may be possible to use this tool to calculate the optimal harvesting of various plant species at different points in the seasonal cycle.The Space Date Generator has the potential to offer valuable references for optimizing agricultural schemes. However, it must provide users with completely accurate results. Unfortunately, it currently cannot measure crucial factors such as soil type and moisture level, which are essential for agricultural planning. Despite this limitation, the Space Data Generator is a flexible tool that can be modified as research advances, allowing for more inputs to be added to improve its accuracy. Moreover, the Space Data Generator can provide guidance in various other areas based on the specific needs of the user. For instance, it can offer guidelines for traffic and urban design, among other demands. By leveraging this technology, users can access more precise and relevant information, enhancing their decision-making capabilities. As such, the Space Data Generator represents a valuable tool for various industries and sectors.Guidelines:
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Bathla, Seema, and Siraj Hussain. "Structural Reforms and Governance Issues in Indian Agriculture." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 251–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0763-0_9.
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AbstractThis chapter deals with key structural issues facing Indian agriculture since Independence. In the context of federal fiscal relations as well as shared responsibilities towards agricultural development, it examines spending on capital formation and subsidies in agriculture vis-à-vis other economic sectors. It then deals with reforms in the subsidy regime (relating to both inputs and ouput) and the implications of the agri-marketing laws enacted in 2020, since retracted. The agriculture sector (including irrigation) has always received relatively lower priority in public expenditure. Morever, the spending bias has been more towards input subsidies rather than on investment, which may affect agriculture growth in due course. The institutional, price and legislative reforms and structural changes identified in the paper suggest that the agricultural sector requires handholding. The Government of India and state governments should work in tandem to accelerate rural infrastructure, target specific regions as well as small and marginal farmers for support, and create a competitive environment that stimulates investment, productivity and marketing efficiency. States should also be given more flexibility in drawing up action plans relating to the production and marketing of produce to encourage farmers and the private sector. A greater role for existing institutions in coordination and to ensure effective implementation of policies is called for.
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Mishra, Pratik, and Sumit Vij. "Changing Agriculture and Climate Variability in Peri-Urban Gurugram, India." In Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia, 105–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_6.
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AbstractFarmers across India are protesting the apathy of the state towards the agricultural sector, which is facing a triple crisis – economic, ecological and existential. This chapter attempts to locate the changing dynamics of agriculture at a frontier where a geographically specific articulation of this crisis comes to the fore: in Budhera, a peri-urban village bordering Gurugram city in the Indian state of Haryana. The village is still largely agrarian but undergoing rapid changes under the influence of (peri-)urbanization. Our ethnographic research investigates the juxtaposition of these urbanization processes with the more general impacts of climate variability on peri-urban agriculture. Although climate variability plays out at a larger scale than the urbanization processes, the conditions for peri-urban agriculture derive from an intersection of both. The results show how dimensions of agrarian livelihoods such as cropping choices, irrigation cycles, sharecropping arrangements, declining common property resources and land use changes to non-agricultural uses are influenced by (peri-)urbanization processes. We conclude that changes in land and water use in Budhera reshape agricultural practices and can cascade upon climate variability impacts in making agriculture more precarious for peri-urban farmers.
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Vander Velde, EJ. "9. Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems in the Mountains of Pakistan." In Sustainable Mountain Agriculture Volume 2, 569–88. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780443553.009.
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Almaas, Reidar. "Farm Policies and Farmer Strategies: The Case of Norway." In Towards a New Political Economy of Agriculture, 275–88. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429269493-17.
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Narayanan, Sudha, M. Vijayabaskar, and Sharada Srinivasan. "The Youth Dividend and Agricultural Revival in India." In Becoming A Young Farmer, 221–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15233-7_8.
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AbstractFifty-four per cent of India’s population is under 25 years of age and, as per the 2011 Population Census, close to 34 per cent of India’s rural population belonged to the age group 15–34. While the presence of a sizeable young population is believed to offer a demographic dividend, policy efforts to realize the dividend have not met with success. Poor prospects for livelihoods within agriculture, its declining importance as a sector in the national economy, and aspirations of rural youth and their parents to find futures in nonfarm sectors suggest that, like elsewhere, agriculture today is an unlikely option for the young in India. The chapter brings the question of youth in agriculture into focus. Despite a large share of rural youth involved in farming, there is limited research or policy attention on the issues and challenges that they face around farming, non-farm opportunities, succession, and intergenerational transfer of resources and knowledge. It makes the case for improving the livelihood prospects within agriculture in a context of changing youth aspirations. We argue that a clearer understanding of the issues is essential to frame a nuanced approach to support the role of youth in agriculture and the role of agriculture in youth livelihood strategies.
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Mouniane, Yassine, Ahmed Chriqui, Issam El-Khadir, Karima Hbyaj, Khadija El-Moustaqim, Mounia Mezouara, Malak Zirari, Jamal Mabrouki, and Driss Hmouni. "Impact of Remote Sensing on Irrigation Management in Precision Agriculture." In Technical and Technological Solutions Towards a Sustainable Society and Circular Economy, 237–45. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56292-1_19.
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Najjar, D., B. Dhehibi, B. Baruah, A. Aw-Hassan, and A. Bentaibi. "Climate-induced migration, women and decision making power in the agricultural wage sector in Saiss, Morocco." In Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations, 185–95. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0014.
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Abstract This chapter examines the gendered effects of drought-induced migration in rural Morocco for settler migrants and farmers who stay behind in sending communities. Due to state investments in irrigation, the Saiss plains of Morocco are experiencing rural-rural migration as an adaptive strategy for many who are escaping climate change and unemployment, to take advantage of labor opportunities in agricultural sectors elsewhere. The well-being and decision making power of male and female migrants in receiving communities (Betit and Sidi Slimane) and women staying behind in sending communities (Ain Jemaa) are examined. The chapter begins with a literature review on decision making power, gender, migration, and work in rural areas. Following this, the case study characteristics are presented, which detail how climate change is fueling migration, gender norms in host and sending communities, as well as the gender dynamics in accessing economic opportunities and decision making power. The chapter ends with recommendations to strengthen the women's decision making power as migration continues, with a focus on strengthening landed property ownership for women.
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Gweyi-Onyango, Joseph P., Michael Ajanja Sakha, and Joyce Jefwa. "Agricultural Interventions to Enhance Climate Change Adaptation of Underutilized Root and Tuber Crops." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 61–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_40.
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AbstractAgricultural intensification worldwide is increasingly relying on a narrow range of crops such as rice, wheat, and maize. The reliability on this relatively small numbers of food diversities raises a very serious concern about the sustainability managing our nutrition today and in the future. We conducted a scoping review using online databases to identify various agricultural interventions that can be utilized for enhancement of underutilized root and tuber crops adaptability under the current observable effects of climate change. This is because reports of underutilized crops’ adaptability to climate change continues to remain anecdotal with limited research capacity to support them. The results mooted a wide range of crop production techniques that can be utilized in production of root and tuber crops. They includes biofertilizers, tied ridging method, improved seed varieties, management of community seed banks, cropping systems, irrigation methods, exploiting abandoned lands, agroforestry practice, clean seed production technologies, and nutrient use efficiency. Based on the findings, each of these interventions plays different roles in management of the negative impacts brought up by climate change and thus they would be useful when adopted in combination since package adoption would enable farmers to benefit from the positive synergy of the selected interventions. The interventions are therefore recommended not only for sustainability but also for profitable production to meet feed, food, energy, and fiber needs and foster economic growth in the ever changing world. Therefore this chapter contributes immensely towards the development of innovative mechanisms for strengthening the resilience of root and tuber crop.
Conference papers on the topic "Irrigation on Agriculture and Economy of the farmer"
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Upadhyaya, Animesh, Debdutta Pal, and Rajesh Dey. "EECSI: AN IOT APPLICATION-BASED ENERGY EFFICIENT THREE-LAYER CLUSTERED SMART IRRIGATION APPROACH." In TOPICS IN INTELLIGENT COMPUTING AND INDUSTRY DESIGN (ICID). Volkson Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icpesd.02.2022.141.145.
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Agriculture contributes a major share in the Indian economy and most of its people are dependent on it for their livelihood. This makes water an important resource that needs to be preserved using the latest available technologies. Apart from being fundamental in industry 4.0, IoT also extends its capability to smart farming. Work proposed here targets to develop a low-cost intelligent system for smart irrigation. It uses IoT to make devices used in the system to monitor and control water supply in agriculture field. The uses of Lora and GSM helps to make communication between Remote Mobile App with the IoT device placed in the field. Because of its intelligence, low cost, and portability, the suggested system is ideal for greenhouses, farms, and other similar applications.
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Stoian, Eugeniu. "The place of glosa C1 in sustainable agricultural development." In The 5th Economic International Conference “Competitiveness and sustainable development“. Technical University of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2023.38.
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Sustainable agriculture is a system of farming that is based on providing the necessary resources for current human populations while preserving the planet's capacity to sustain future generations. Over the last five decades, technologies, irrigation and mechanisation used efficiently have led to increased productivity and quality of agricultural products. But we can't just talk about the positive effects of intensive agriculture, it also has negative effects, it has led to water pollution with chemicals, soil degradation, impoverishment of flora and fauna. Following the sustainable agriculture movement that addresses the social, economic and environmental role of agriculture. To implement sustainable agricultural practice, it is crucial to take a holistic approach and recognize the interconnectedness between individual farms, local ecosystems, communities and even the entire planet. Such a perspective requires coordinated and collaborative efforts in research and education, with a focus on integrating diverse disciplines. In the transition to sustainable agriculture, responsibility does not fall on the shoulders of a single entity, but is shared between farmers, processors, government policy-makers, traders and consumers, each with a key role to play in the process.
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Elawad, Elmogiera, Mohamed Agied, and Rima Charbaji El-Kassem. "Agriculture Census in Qatar (2021): Towards Sustainable Food Security." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0178.
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The Social and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI) at Qatar University is implementing the agricultural census in Qatar (2021), which is funded by the Ministry of Municipality and Environment. Agricultural census is a statistical process based on collecting, processing, and disseminating data on the structure of agriculture, which often covers the whole country or a large part of it. It usually involves collecting agricultural data such as the size of properties, land usage, cropping areas, irrigation, number of farm animals, resources, and manpower. Censuses are conducted regularly every ten years to provide more recent data for agricultural policy purposes. The data provided by the census is important for food security policies and Qatar National Vision 2030, which aims at the development and expansion of the agricultural sector. This requires the introduction of “finest practices” and an agricultural business model focused on economic efficiency, profitable and sustainable agriculture, optimal use of scarce resources, and a minimal impact on the environment. The objectives of the project are summarized as follows: • Provide sample frame for agricultural surveys. • Provide data of agriculture structure in the State of Qatar, which include properties, resources, production, and cost. • Provide up-to-date data for crops, vegetables, livestock, and used areas.
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Augusto Sales Dantas, Ramide, Milton Vasconcelos da Gama Neto, Ivan Dimitry Zyrianoff, and Carlos Alberto Kamienski. "The SWAMP Farmer App for IoT-based Smart Water Status Monitoring and Irrigation Control." In 2020 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor50201.2020.9277588.
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BEILICCI, Robert Florin, and Erika Beata Maria BEILICCI. "Advance Hydraulic Modelling of Irrigation Systems, Study Case Protect Agro Baba Ana Mizil Irrigation System 1155 ha, Romania." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2024 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2024_11.
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Investment "Modernization of irrigation system O.U.A.I. PROTECT AGRO BABA ANA MIZIL" is located in Prahova County, in the suburbs of the Mizil locality in the perimeter of the AHC Campia Buzaului complex development, in the irrigation system related to Plot SPP3 on Canal West 2. The total land area served by the SPP3/CV2 plot is 2171 ha, and the net area is 2076 ha. Through its rural development policy, the EU aims to help rural areas face the multiple economic, social and environmental challenges that the 21st century brings. This policy forms the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Climate change has an impact on existing water resources, especially in rural areas. Considering the poor adaptation of the existing infrastructure to the new agricultural structures, the sector remains vulnerable to climatic conditions (alternating drought and frequent floods), with significant economic effects on the economic viability of farms. This problem becomes much more acute in the context of global warming. Through their action, land improvement works (irrigation, drainage - drainage works and CES) contribute to the recovery of the land and induce beneficial effects on environmental factors: soil, water, air, supporting, once more, the inclusion of these works in the category those of public utility of national strategic interest. The case study is part of the National Strategic Program 2023-2027 - program financed by the European Union and the Government of Romania through measure DR-25 - Modernization of irrigation infrastructure The presented method allows the optimization of pipe dimensioning, respectively of the pressure and transported water discharge to irrigation capacity.
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Tsamis, Alexandros, Josh Draper, and Manabendra Nath. "Building Integrated Agriculture Simulation (BIA-SIM)." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.35.
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Agriculture consumes 30% of the world’s fossil fuels and 70% of freshwater. About one third of all greenhouse gas emissions come from the Built Environment, and uses about 20% of total energy. Urban Agriculture promises to minimize food and water waste utilizing Building Performance Simulation (BPS) tools that assess crop yields, water usage and energy needs for Building Integrated Agriculture (BIA). However, BIA may attain better efficiencies if agriculture and buildings share their waste products. Here, we introduce Building Integrated Agriculture Simulation (BIA-SIM), a framework for software that visualizes and quantifies early-stage design outcomes of BIA that combines circular waste flows of building and farms. Users can determine which resources – food, water, air, and energy – are most important to co-optimize based on their ecological and economic concerns. BIA-SIM user input includes location, 3D site model, site and building details, number of occupants, farm type and crops. Greywater, CO2 from occupants and building energy usage are calculated. Outputs demonstrate how a software framework informed by an extensive database of plants, their properties and theirfarming requirements can be utilized to identify, design and exploit feedback loops between building and urban agriculturewaste products. To demonstrate several use scenarios, a site in New Delhi, India was chosen for an urban agriculture-integrated residential building. In one example, using 60% of building grey water for irrigation of tomato, we found 47%of the maximum buildable surface area would be needed for tomato production. More than 100% of the CO2 emitted by building occupants could be absorbed, and the plants’ thermal mass could save 50% of cooling energy using farm layouts that, in turn, enhanced food output based on solar exposure. Several other scenarios will be shown that demonstrate the broader benefits urban agriculture can have for the built environment beyond food production.
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Rustinsyah. "Management of Agricultural Irrigation and Non-Farm Economic Activities in Rural Areas - Preliminary Studies." In International Conference on Contemporary Social and Political Affairs. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008817100860090.
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Cardoso, Joao, Andre Gloria, and Pedro Sebastiao. "Improve Irrigation Timing Decision for Agriculture using Real Time Data and Machine Learning." In 2020 International Conference on Data Analytics for Business and Industry: Way Towards a Sustainable Economy (ICDABI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdabi51230.2020.9325680.
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Santaeufemia, Pablo S., Nathan G. Johnson, Christopher McComb, and Kenji Shimada. "Improving Irrigation in Remote Areas: Multi-Objective Optimization of a Treadle Pump." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35463.
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Water-lifting technologies in rural areas of the developing world have enormous potential to stimulate agricultural and economic growth. The treadle pump, a human-powered low-cost pump designed for irrigation in developing countries, can help farmers maximize financial return on small plots of land by ending their dependency on rain-fed irrigation systems. The treadle pump uses a suction piston to draw groundwater to the surface by way of a foot-powered treadle attached to each suction piston. Current treadle pump designs lift water from depths up to 7 meters at a flow-rate of 1–5 liters per second. This work seeks to optimize the design of the Dekhi style treadle pump, which has gained significant popularity due to its simplicity. A mathematical model of the working fluid and treadle pump structure has been developed in this study. Deterministic optimization methods are then employed to maximize the flow rate of the groundwater pumped, maximize the lift height, and minimize the volume of material used for manufacturing. Design variables for the optimization included the dimensions of the pump, well depth, and speed of various parts of the system. The solutions are subject to constraints on the geometry of the system, the bending stress in the treadles, and ergonomic factors. Findings indicate that significant technical improvements can be made on the standard Dekhi design, such as increasing the size of the pump cylinders and hose, while maintaining a standard total treadle length. These improvements could allow the Dekhi pump to be implemented in new regions and benefit additional rural farmers in the developing world.
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Arslan, Firat, and Sinan Kartal. "Water management effect on tropical fruits: case study of Alanya, Turkey." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf112.
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Water is the source of life and is consumed mostly for agricultural purposes. Limited water is always a question in the Mediterranean region due to drought and climate change. Irrigation water requirement changes according to the crop pattern which is totally related to farmer decisions. Alanya is a town where tropical fruit cultivation area has increased dramatically as well as irrigation water requirements. Especially, bananas and avocados have become the most popular plants after citrus trees. The evapotranspiration of tropical fruits is higher than many other plants. For this reason, water becomes more valuable in the region due to limited water resources and irregular precipitation. In addition, rapid urbanization and tourism are the other big questions that cause the shift of agricultural areas to other areas, resulting in inadequate irrigation systems. Banana and avocado producers installed high technology of irrigation methods, such as drip and mini sprinkler systems. However, they do not measure the volume of irrigation water and still consume excessive water. In this study, social and technical precautions are taken by water authorities in the region for agricultural water management related to tropical fruit production. Data are obtained from the Agriculture Municipality and State Hydraulic Works and analysed by SWOT. As a result, the main findings are that irrigation water should be calculated, water volume should be measured at the farm level, and agricultural extension and consultancy should be increased for farmers’ education.
Reports on the topic "Irrigation on Agriculture and Economy of the farmer"
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Lucas, Brian. The Impacts of Climate Change on Illicit Drug Cultivation. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.003.
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This rapid evidence review explores how climate change can create incentives for participating in illicit drug production by disrupting agricultural and natural-resource-based livelihoods and exacerbating social, economic, and political stresses and conflict. However, it is difficult to identify a precise causal relationship between the impacts of climate change and illicit drug production, and the effects of climate change appear to be limited compared with other driving forces. In Afghanistan, climate change is expected to contribute to rising temperatures, worsening water stress, and increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Adverse effects of climate change and conflict on agricultural livelihoods and irrigation infrastructure have contributed to increased opium poppy cultivation, but farmers’ decisions about growing poppies are strongly influenced by security, social, political, economic, technological, and market factors. Across Latin America, climate change is expected to cause increasing temperatures, significant changes in precipitation patterns, and water scarcity, which will strengthen incentives for illicit crop production. However, other factors including changing patterns of demand for drugs globally, rural poverty and limited economic opportunities, low and volatile prices for coffee and other agricultural commodities in international markets, and the legacy of conflict (in Colombia) appear to have greater influence than climate change on illicit crop production patterns.
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Lonsdale, Whitney R., Wyatt F. Cross, Charles E. Dalby, Sara E. Meloy, and Ann C. Schwend. Evaluating Irrigation Efficiency: Toward a Sustainable Water Future for Montana. The Montana University System Water Center, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/mwc202011.
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Water is our most valuable natural resource, and is used to support the demands of industry, agriculture, hydroelectric power generation, and municipalities. Water also sustains Montana’s booming recreation and tourism economy and maintains the diverse freshwater ecosystems that provide natural goods and services and promote human well-being. As our population continues to grow, and the collective demand for water increases, it is imperative that we carefully assess how our water is used, as well as how changes in water distribution, management, and governance are likely to influence its availability in the future. This is especially important in the context of a changing climate.
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Carvalho, Helena. Land Inequality, Agricultural Productivity, and the Portuguese Agrarian Reform (1974-1976). APHES Working Paper in Economic and Social History, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55462/wpaphes_a_503.
Full textAbstract:
Land reforms sacrifice property rights in the name of a fairer distribution. The trade-off they imply makes their study of interest to Economic Historians: do the benefits of reduced land inequality justify the violation of property rights? The discussion about land reforms factors in both the social and efficiency consequences of land inequality. The debate preceding the Portuguese Agrarian Reform echoes these concerns and culminated in an anti-latifundia sentiment crystallized in the legislation used to justify the land occupations of 1974 to 1976. The aim of this paper is to critically assess the efficiency arguments used to justify the occupations. Was land productivity lower in latifúndio counties? A unique dataset drawn from primary sources was specially assembled to answer this question. Through standard OLS regression, this study finds that the number of agriculture journeyman per employer landowner has a statistically significant effect on agricultural productivity after controlling for geographical and soil characteristics. It also finds that introducing literacy as a control causes the effect of land inequality to disappear leading to the conclusion that policies aimed at improving human capital would have been just as effective as a land reform. Further, this study also identifies the crop mix selected as the proximate channel of transmission. Farmers in the region with the highest levels of land inequality favoured less valuable crops, like wheat. An arid climate combined with a lack of irrigation infrastructure and wheat protectionism justify this preference.
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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.