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1
K. D. SHARMA and R. K. PANNU. "Physiological response of wheat (Triticum durum L.) to limited irrigation." Journal of Agrometeorology 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v10i2.1188.
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A field study was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2002-03 and 2003-04 on wheat genotypes. The main plots treatment consisted of three irrigation schedules viz., normal irrigation (Control), two irrigations at 45 and 85 DAS (limited irrigation) and no post sowing irrigation (rainfed) and in sub-plots five genotypes were grown namely WH 896, WH 912, WHD 935, WHD 936, PDW 233, Raj 1555. The restricted irrigation decreased the leaf water potential (LWP), canopy temperature depression (CTD), transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis significantly over irrigated control, while, significant increase was observed in plant water retention. Reduction in grain yield under rainfed condition was 23.4 per cent. Reduced irrigation application decreased the yield attributes with maximum reduction in number of grains per spike. Genotype PDW 233 yielded significantly higher than all other tested genotypes. It maintained higher plant water status and higher rate of photosynthesis than other genotypes.
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Adhikari, R. C., and M. K. Rana. "Effect of irrigation and potash levels on growth and yield of potato." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 18 (May 12, 2018): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v18i0.19895.
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The experiment comprising four levels of irrigation (25, 30, 35 and 40 mm CPE) and four levels of potash (0, 100, 125 and 150 kg/ha) was conducted in Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2010- 11 and 2011-12 to find out the optimum level of irrigation and potash for better growth and yield of potato. The potato variety used for the investigation was Kufri Bahar. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications keeping a net plot size of 3.6x3.6 m. The plant height at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting, number of leaves per stem, leaves weight per hill, stem weight per hill, leaf area index and total and marketable tuber yield were significantly high with irrigation level 35 mm CPE and potash @ 150 kg/ha. The two years results suggest that the irrigation level 35 mm CPE in combination with potash @ 150 kg/ha has shown the best treatment combination for potato production under semiarid conditions of Hisar (Haryna).
3
Adhikari, Ram Chandra, and Mahesh Kumar Rana. "Effect of Irrigation and Potash Levels on Keeping Quality of Potato." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 6 (March 17, 2020): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v6i0.28120.
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Irrigation and fertilizer are the most dominating factors, in deciding the keeping quality of potato. It is, therefore, essential to formulate the efficient, reliable and economically viable irrigation management strategy with the use of potassium nutrient in order to produce better keeping quality. The investigation comprising four levels of irrigation (25, 30, 35 and 40 mm CPE (Cumulative pan evaporation) and four levels of potash (0, 100, 125 and 150 kg/ha) was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, (Haryana) Hisar, India during two years to find out the optimum level of irrigation and potash for obtaining higher yield of potatoes with better keeping quality at ambient room temperature. The potato variety used for the investigation was Kufri Bahar. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The increasing levels of irrigation and potash showed significant improvement in keeping quality parameters of potato. Likewise, the values for physiological loss in weight and decay loss of potato tubers (%) at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after harvest were the lowest with irrigation level 40 mm CPE and application of potash @ 150 kg/ha. The two years results suggest that the irrigation level 40 mm CPE along with potash @ 150 kg/ha has shown the best treatment combination for the storage of potato at ambient room temperature under semiarid conditions of Hisar (Haryana).
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Raja, V., and K. C. Bishnoi. "Evapotranspiration, Water Use Efficiency, Moisture Extraction Pattern and Plant Water Relations of Rape (Brassica campestris) Genotypes in Relation to Root Development under Varying Irrigation Schedules." Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 2 (April 1990): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700018238.
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SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at Hisar, India during the autumn seasons 1984–85 and 1985–86 to study root characters, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, moisture extraction pattern and plant water relations of rape genotypes under varying irrigation schedules. Root volume and dry weight increased, while tap root and lateral root lengths decreased with irrigation. Increased irrigation frequency increased evapotranspiration but decreased water use efficiency. The relative water content and osmotic potential of the leaves increased with more frequent irrigation, but plant water retention capacity decreased. There were genotypic differences between the characters examined.
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Deswal, Ashok, D. P. S. Nandal, A. S. Dhindwal, R. K. Garg, and Rajender Kumar. "Yield and Nutrient Uptake Pattern of Wheat in Eucalyptus Based Agroforestry System." Indian Journal of Forestry 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2013-5xo6fb.
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A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil during the two rabi seasons at research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to study the effect of different irrigation levels viz., no post sowing irrigation, two irrigations at 22 and 85 days after sowing (DAS), four irrigations at 22, 45, 85 and 105 DAS, and six irrigations at 22, 45, 65, 85, 105 and 120 DAS, and four fertilizer levels (0, 75, 100 and 125 per cent of the recommended dose of 150 kg N and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) on yield and uptake of NPK of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercropped with 4-5 years old plantation of Eucalyptus tereticornis (6 x 2 m) vis-à-vis sole Wheat. In Eucalyptus based Agroforestry System, application of six irrigations and 125 per cent of recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in higher grain and straw yield of Wheat, whereas in sole Wheat significantly higher grain and straw yield of Wheat was recorded only up to two irrigations and 100 per cent of recommended fertilizer dose. The maximum uptake of N P K was recorded at six irrigations and 125 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer in Eucalyptus based Agroforestry System. The N P K uptake in sole Wheat also increased with increase in fertilizer levels, however, irrigation frequency effects varied with the nutrient.
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SINGH, AJAY, and SUDHINDRA NATH PANDA. "EFFECT OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER ON MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA) CROP YIELD AND SOIL SALINITY IN A SEMI-ARID AREA OF NORTH INDIA." Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 1 (August 1, 2011): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479711000780.
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SUMMARYThe groundwater in some parts of north India is generally saline and not suitable for drinking. However, it can be used for growing salt-tolerant crop plants. To explore the potential of using saline groundwater for farm production, a field experiment was conducted at Shahpur village, near Hisar in Haryana State, India, to study the effect of different qualities of irrigation water on mustard (Brassica juncea, cv. RH–30) crop growth, yield, water use efficiency and soil salinity. Treatments consisted of combinations of irrigation with saline groundwater (electrical conductivity (EC) 7.48 dS m−1), and a good quality canal water (EC 0.4 dS m−1) applied either alone, as blends or in alternate applications. In all treatments, canal water was used for pre-sowing irrigation. In mustard cultivation, saline groundwater with an EC of 7.48 dS m−1 can be used safely to supplement all post-sowing irrigations with marginal decline in crop yield. Irrigation with saline groundwater gave a yield as high as 95% of the optimum crop yield obtained with fresh canal water. The temporal variation in salinity showed that mustard yield responds to the average salinity of the soil during the growing season. Thus saline groundwater is a good water source to exploit for supplemental irrigation.
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SHRI MAAN, DEVA, AMIT KUMAR, DAVINDER SINGH, and ANSUL DUHAN. "Soil fertility under different nitrogen irrigation methods in potato (Solanum tuberosum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 5 (June 14, 2022): 670–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i5.124806.
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A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2015–16 and 2016–17 to assess influence of nitrogen levels and irrigation methods on soil nutrients under potato cultivation at Hisar, Haryana. The treatments comprising of irrigation methods (drip and furrow) and five doses of nitrogen (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of RDN) were laid out in split plot design replicated thrice. Among nitrogen levels, the mean maximum available soil nitrogen (N) was recorded in 60% of RDN (121.00; 124.00 kg/ha) during 2015–16 and 2016–17, respectively. With respect to irrigation methods, the mean maximum available soil N was recorded under drip irrigation (113.73; 112.87 kg/ha) 2015–16 and 2016–17,respectively. Considering the available soil phosphorous during 2015–16, minimum was recorded in the treatment 100% of RDN (10.34 kg/ha) and maximum was recorded in 60% of RDN (20.50 kg/ha). The interaction effect of irrigation method at same level of RDN and of RDN at same irrigation method was found significant for soil nutrients. The minimum available soil N (104.67 kg/ha) and P (8.00 kg/ha) were obtained with drip irrigation at 100% RDN during 2015–16. Similar interaction effectswere observed regarding available N and P during 2016–17. Hence, 100% of RDN with drip irrigation condition proved the best treatment.
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Raj Singh, M. K. Nayak, Anil Kumar Surender Singh, and Deepak Patil. "Sensitivity Analysis of CERES-Wheat Model under Hisar Conditions." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1009.042.
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The field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Dept of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (Lat.: 290 10’ N, Log.: 75036’ E & 215.2 m above msl), Haryana, India during the rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16. Experimental designed laid out with strip plot, as main plot treatment: four growing environments i.e. D1: 5th Nov., D2: 20th Nov., D3: 5th Dec. and D4: 20th Dec. and sub-plot treatment: four irrigation regimes, it applied at different phenophases (I1-CRI, I2- CRI and heading, I3- CRI+ jointing and milking, I4- CRI+ jointing + anthesis and dough stage). Crop growth and yield data of 2014-15 were used for calibration of DSSAT model and cultivar coefficients for WH1105 based on the observed crop characteristics. Genetic coefficient parameters are in the ranges obtained by the few other studies conducted on wheat with the exception of parameters G1, G2, and G3, related to grain growth. Sensitivity of simulated grain yield to down scaled sunshine hours, solar radiation -0.5 to -2.5 hours and -1°C to -5 MJ-2 day-1 showed a gradual decrease in grain yield, respectively.
9
SINGH, KARMAL, A. S. DHINDWAL, A. K. DHAKA, MEENA SEWHAG, and R. K. PANNU. "Water use pattern and productivity in bed planted wheat (Triticum aestivum) under varying moisture regimes in shallow water table conditions." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 8 (August 6, 2015): 1080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i8.50854.
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Field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar having shallow water table (85 to135 cm) to evaluate the water use and its components in bed planted (FIRBS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under three levels of moisture regimes, viz. irrigation at IW/CPE = 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9. Depletion of soil moisture (SMD) and contribution from shallow water table (GWC) increased with stage of the crop, maximum during 86 DAS to maturity period. Soil water, in the respective two crop seasons, contributed 8.63 cm and 9.27 cm under FIRBS, and 8.10 cm and 8.77 cm with conventional method of sowing towards crop ET. Total water use was 38.24 and 40.83 cm in conventional sowing which decreased to 37.43 and 36.84 cm under FIRBS in the respective two crop seasons. The water productivity of the applied irrigation water under FIRBS was higher by 25.2 and 21.5% (630 and 305 kg/ha-cm) than conventional sowing (503 and 251 kg/ha-cm) in the respective two crop seasons. The share of soil water to crop ET was highest (37.8%) with IW/CPE=0.5 and decreased to 30.8% with IW/CPE=0.9. GWC was not influenced by varying moisture regimes in the 1st crop season, but in the 2nd season it was higher under IW/CPE=0.5 and decreased with increase in moisture regimes. The total water use in the two crop seasons was highest (40.44 and 43.71 cm with irrigation at IW/CPE of 0.9 and decreased with decrease in moisture regimes. Irrigations applied at IW/CPE=0.9 resulted in significantly higher grain yields closely followed by IW/CPE=0.7. The WUE of irrigation water applied was highest (733 kg/hacm) with irrigation at IW/CPE of 0.7 in 2010-11, but in 2011-12, it was highest (378 kg/ha-cm) with lowest moisture regimes of irrigation at IW/CPE of 0.5.
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YADAV, R. K., A. KUMAR, D. LAL, and L. BATRA. "YIELD RESPONSES OF WINTER (RABI) FORAGE CROPS TO IRRIGATION WITH SALINE DRAINAGE WATER." Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 1 (December 2, 2003): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479703001431.
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A field experiment in an alluvial sandy loam saline soil was conducted during the winter (rabi) season from 1997–98 to 1999–2000 at the Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, to study the effect of saline drainage water (EC=3.6 –7.4) on five (rabi) forage crops: oat (Avena sativa), rye grass (Lolium rigidum), senji (Indian clover) (Melilotus indica) berseem (Egyptian clover) (Trifolium alexandrinum) and shaftal (Persian clover) (Trifolium resupinatum). All the crops were established using canal water as pre-sowing irrigation and the various irrigation strategies were imposed subsequently. Irrigation with canal water resulted in a 115% increase in forage yield compared with the saline drainage water. The results suggested that alternate irrigation with saline drainage water increased the yields of all the forage crops compared with using saline drainage water only. Further, alternate irrigation, starting with canal water, was superior to alternate irrigation starting with saline drainage water because less salt was added in total. Oat produced the largest green-forage yield (32.3 t ha-1) in the first year while rye grass gave its maximum in the second (34.6 t ha-1) and third years (37.0 t ha-1). Persian clover performed better than did Egyptian clover in all the three years. Interaction between species and irrigation treatments was significant. In comparison with canal irrigation water, there was a 36 %, 42 %, 54 %, 68 %, and 85 % yield reduction in rye grass, oat, Persian clover, Egyptian clover and senji, respectively when only saline drainage water was used for irrigation reflecting their relative tolerances of salinity. Yields declined linearly for all crops with increases in the quantity of salt applied.
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Gaat, Baljeet Singh, Mukesh Kumar, Ram Naresh, Suresh Kumar, Kapil, Raj Kumar, Vijay, and Anshul. "Effect of Different Irrigation Levels and Mulching Methods on Performance of Organically Cultivated and Drip Irrigated Papaya." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 16 (June 19, 2023): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i163129.
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An experiment was conducted at research field of Deendayal Upadhyay Centre of Excellence for Organic Farming, CCS HAU, Hisar during the year 2021-22 to study the effect of different irrigation levels and mulching methods on performance of organically cultivated and drip irrigated papaya. The experiment comprised of nine treatments three different irrigation levels viz. 50%, 75% and 100% of crop water requirement and three mulching methods. The results showed that the plant height (238 cm), stem girth (45.93 cm), crown diameter (242.67 cm), number of fruits (42.33), yield per plant (53.80 kg) and total yield (134.50 t ha-1) were observed maximum for meeting 100% of crop water requirement with the application of straw mulch and minimum for meeting 50% of crop water requirement without mulch condition. The soil moisture was found maximum for meeting 100% of crop water requirement with the application of plastic mulch minimum for meeting 50 % of crop water requirement without mulch condition. From the results, it is also observed that the irrigation water use efficiency (59.02 kg m-3) was found maximum for meeting 50 % of crop water requirement with straw mulch and minimum (42.64 kg m-3) for meeting 100% of crop water requirement without mulch under drip irrigation system.
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Akash, V. P. S. Panghal, A. K. Bhatia, Nisha, and Shubham. "Productive and Economic Evaluation of Potato Hybrids under Different Water Stress Conditions." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 10 (April 29, 2023): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i102937.
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As the scarcity of water increases, India will face the problem of decreasing annual freshwater use per capita. Drought can cause significant output losses, particularly for crops with shallow root system like potato (Solanum tuberosum). An experiment was carried out to measure the effects of different levels of irrigation on yield parameters of different potato hybrids under water stress conditions during the winter season 2018-19 in open field conditions at the field of department of vegetable science in CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment included four irrigation levels I1 (irrigation at 20mm Cummulative Pan Evaporimeter (CPE)), I2 (irigation at 25mm CPE), I3 (irrigation at 30mm CPE) and I4 (irrigation at 30mm CPE + 5 t/ha grass mulch) and five potato hybrids under two different crops at 60 and 75 days. The results revealed that yield parameters i.e., total tuber yield, number of tubers in each grade, yield of tubers in each grade, harvest index, and biological yield were higher in both 60 and 75 days of crops under irrigation level 20 mm CPE (I1) and hybrid P-38. But, under water-stressed conditions, hybrid P-38 with an I4 schedule saves one irrigation and yields more than I3. The maximum water use efficiency (19.27 and 20.56 q/ha/mm) was attained with irrigation level I4 in 60 and 75 days of crop. In water stress conditions (I4) potato hybrid P-38 produced the highest net returns and benefit cost ratio (1.49 and 2.29). It was found that the potato hybrid P-38 with I4 was more cost-effective and produced more tubers in areas with lower water tables and less water.
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Bachhal, Gurpreet Singh, Pardeep Kumar Chahal, and Pawan Kumar. "A survey based study on the Farmers adoption level of Strawberry cultivation technology in Haryana, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 986–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1877.
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The survey based study focused on adoption level of strawberry growers with respect to package of practices of strawberry was conducted in Hisar and Bhiwani districts of Haryana. The adoption level was measured by scores on the basis of adoption level. While analyzing, the magnitude of adoption level adopted by strawberry growers revealed that method of propagation and packaging (100%), timely irrigation (95.33%), proper time of planting (90%), varieties used for planting (86.67%) , proper planting depth (86%), mulching (85.33%) was adopted by majority of farmers whereas manures and fertilizers and diseases and their control(71.34%), intercultural operations (63.33%) and control measures for fruit drop (55.33%) were least adopted.
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Pal, R., A. K. Kapoor, S. R. Poonia, and M. Raj. "Simple water-balance models for simulating moisture, salinity and sodicity profiles in soils under wheat." Journal of Agricultural Science 115, no. 2 (October 1990): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600075092.
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SUMMARYExperiments were conducted in wheat planted in microplots at Hisar and Sirsa in Haryana state, India, to observe and simulate the depth distribution of moisture content, electrical conductivity in 1:2 soil-water extract (EC 1:2), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soils after irrigation with water of high electrical conductivity (12–19 dS/m) and sodium adsorption ratio (20–80 (mmol/1)0·5). The three simulation models used differed in the procedure of estimation of evapotranspiration (models I and II, Reddy 1983; model III, Arora et al. 1987). In general, the means of the experimental moisture content profiles decreased and those of EC 1:2 and ESP increased with irrigation at both locations. Statistical analysis showed an overall good agreement between the experimental and simulated values of moisture content, EC 1:2 and ESP; the accuracy of simulation of the models followed the order model II = model III > model I, for moisture content and EC 1:2, but was identical for ESP.
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Kumar, Naveen, Suresh Kumar, Parveen Kumar, and Meena Sewhag. "Soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1385.
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A field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2011-2012 at Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agri-cultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) to study the periodic soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes under shallow water table conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping combinations of three cultivars viz., BH 393, BH 902 and BH 885 and two crop geometries viz 2 rows per bed and 3 rows per bed (70 cm wide with 40 cm top and 30 cm furrow) in main plots and three moisture regimes (irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) in sub plots. The results revealed that maximum soil moisture depletion (105 mm) and ground water contribution (62 mm) were recorded in BH 902, followed by BH 393 and BH 885. Among crop geometries, soil moisture depletion (96.6 mm) and ground water contribution (61 mm) were recorded higher in 3 rows per bed than 2 rows per bed. Among three moisture regimes, the soil moisture depletion (108 mm) and ground water contribution (65 mm) decreased with increase in moisture regime from irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3 to irrigation at IW/CPE 0.4 or 0.5.
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A, RAJANNA G., DHINDWAL A. S, NARENDER NARENDER, PATIL M. D, and SHIVAKUMAR L. "Alleviating moisture stress under irrigation scheduling and crop establishment techniques on productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under semi-arid conditions of western India." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 3 (April 16, 2018): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i3.78494.
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A field experiment was carried out in semi-arid condition of Hisar during two consecutive years (2012-13 and 2013-14) to assess the performance of wheat under varied irrigation schedules with crop establishment techniques. In present study, wheat planted on beds (FIRBS) resulted in 15-19% increase in grain yield than minimum and conventional tillage systems but the margin was slightly lower and it was statistically at par with zero tillage (ZT). Inclusions of beds in wheat cultivation have led to improved growth indices, growth and yield parameters over conventional and reduced tillage practices. Adoption of ZT under semi-arid conditions led to 12-48% (2012-13) and 27-68 % (2013-14) higher net returns to farmers by reducing the cost incurred on the primary tillage operations. Consumptive water use was reduced by 9-12% besides improved water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water productivity (WPI) under beds than conventional tillage. Improved soil health concerning bulk density, soil organic carbon and total NPK status were perceived under ZT wheat. Growth indices, growth and yield parameters, grain and biological yields of wheat showed improvement under application of irrigation at higher moisture regime of CRI+IW:CPE=0.90 over lower moisture regimes.
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KUMAR, RUPENDER, R. S. HUDDA, KRISHAN YADAV, and MANJEET MANJEET. "Impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on agriculture practices." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 10 (October 24, 2018): 1552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i10.84222.
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The present study was carried out in four districts of Haryana state, i.e. Yamunanagar, Karnal, Hisar and Fatehabad which were selected randomly. In total 240 respondents, viz. 60 farmers from each district, 30 farmers from each block and 15 farmers from each village were selected for present study. Majority of farmers used ICTs for knowing source of quality seeds, suitable high-yielding variety for the specific area. Most of the farmers used ICTs in nursery management for plant protection measures, method of preparing bed and nutrient management. Farmers used ICTs for the information purpose like price of fertilizers and stock of fertilizers. Farmers used ICTs for chemical weed management, price of weedicides, and place of availability, trade names and stock availability. ICTs use for the information purpose, for scheduling irrigation followed by to know critical stages of irrigation application and fertilizer management during irrigation. Farmers used ICTs for identification, nature of damage and control measures for insects/pests of different crops. Majority of the farmers used ICTs for the purpose of information, ideal thrasher for thrashing of crops followed by proper timing of harvesting. The correlation and regression of different variables, i.e. education, socio-economic status, land holding, extension contact, mass media exposure, scientific orientation, economic motivation and risk orientation exhibited positive and significant effect, whereas age exhibited negative and significant effect. However, irrigation facilities exhibited non-significant effect but it positively correlated with agricultural practices.
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Kumar, Amit, A. C. Yadav, Ansul Ansul, Vinod Kumar, and Avtar Singh. "Evaluation of the effects of FYM and gypsum on onion (Allium cepa L.) production under sodic water irrigation." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1056.
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A field experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of FYM and gypsum on onion (Allium cepa L.) production under sodic water irrigation. Treatments comprised of three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) (F0- no FYM, F1- 10 t/ha and F2- 20 t/ha FYM) and three levels of gypsum (G0- nogypsum, G1- 50% neutralization of RSC and G2- 100% neutralization of RSC) in addition to control (irrigation with sodic water and no FYM and no gypsum F0G0). Results of the study showed that the seedling mortality was maximum (77.50 %) in control (F0G0) treatment, while minimum number of seedlings mortality (18.17 %) was observed in (F2G2) treatment followed by (25.17 %) (F2G1) treatment. There was significant increase in growth and yield of onion with application of FYM and gypsum. Moreover, maximum bulb yield (180.83 q/ha) was recorded in (F2G2) followed by F2G1 (152.22 q/ha) where 100% sodicity of water was neutralized by the application of gypsum and 20 t/ha FYM. Under sodic water conditions, increasing level of gypsum and FYM help in reducing the sodicity of irrigation water and thereby, increasing the yield of onion. The study concluded that in present situation of scarcity of good quality water for agricultural purposes, use of amendments like FYM and gypsum were best alternative for the best possible use of poor quality ground water and simultaneously sustain the yield of vegetable crops like onion which are sensitive to sodic water.
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RAWAL, SANDEEP, A. S. DHINDWAL, and S. S. PUNIA. "Response of furrow irrigated raised bed planted maize (Zea mays) to different moisture regimes and herbicides treatments under semi-arid conditions." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 3 (April 16, 2018): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i3.78399.
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An experiment was conducted on furrow irrigated raise bed (FIRB) planted maize at Hisar, during kharif season of 2013 and 2014, in split plot design with three replications. Four moisture regimes, viz. irrigation applied at an interval of 80 mm, 120 mm, 160 mm and 200 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) were evaluated in main plot and five weed control treatments, viz. weed free, weedy check (control), pre emergence application of pendimethalin at 1000g/ha, pre emergence application of atrazine at 750 g/ha and post emergence application of tembotrione at 120 g/ha in sub plots. Above normal well distributed rainfall (564 mm) was received during 2013 maize crop season lead ingto comparatively higher consumptive use of water and less water productivity as compared to 2014 season, in which only 212 mm rainfall was received. Irrigation applied at 80 mm CPE resulted in significantly higher growth and yieldparameters, grain, straw and biological yield while highest water productivity was achieved with 120 mm CPE intervalirrigation. Among weed control treatments, growth and yield parameters, grain yield and the water productivity washighest in weed free which was statistically comparable with the application of atrazine, 750 g/ha (pre emergence)or tembotrione, 120 g/ha (post emergence) with lowest density and dry weight of weeds.
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NAZEER, S. "EXTENUATING THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF SODIC WATER ON AGRONOMIC, IONIC, AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF FODDERS." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 55, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 1411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.34.
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Brackish water used for irrigation in shortage of appropriate soil-water-crop practices often constitutes salinity in the soil profile. Canal irrigation water is scarce to aid agriculture; thus, a supplementary water supply requires accessibility from drainage water. In Pakistan, groundwater is brackish because of elevated levels of electrical conductivity (EC), residual sodium carbonates (RSC), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). But these waters can benefit well for irrigation during the primary phase of saline-sodic soil’s reclamation, if employing appropriate management practices, such as, chemical and organic amendments. A pot trial procedure ran under environmental conditions at the research area of the Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, to assess the effect of sodic water with various amendments on sorghum and berseem fodder crops. The pot experiment comprised seven treatments, including T1 = Control having canal water with SAR 0.1 and EC 0.2 dS m-1 ; T2 = Sodic water with SAR 15; T3 = Sodic water (SAR 15) + Gypsum; T4 = Sodic water (SAR 15) + H2SO4; T5 = Sodic water (SAR 15) + compost; T6 = Sodic water (SAR 15) + FYM; T7 = Sodic water (SAR 15) + poultry manure, with three replicates under complete randomized design (CRD) by sowing sorghum “JS-88” and berseem “Hisar Berseem 1” cultivars taken from the Fodder Research Institute (FRI), Sargodha. The agronomic and fodder quality attributes were maximum in T3 treatment in sorghum compared with other concentrations and berseem. In both crops, mineral nutrients were variable, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were maximum in T5, compared with others.
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ROHILA, A. K., P. S. SHEHRAWAT, AJAY KUMAR, and J. S. MALIK. "Awareness level of smart agricultural practices (SAPs) in Haryana." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 1920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i12.85448.
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The present study was carried out in Haryana state of India. Empirical data was collected personally through an interview schedule to assess the awareness level of Smart Agricultural Practices (SAPs). Study concluded that farmers' awareness level was high about nearest soil and water testing laboratories with weighted mean score (WMS) 2.55, soil health card to know the soil health (2.02), high yielding varieties (2.09), SMS services provided by CCS Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar (1.78), crop diversification to reduce risk of crop failures (1.87), harvested water for use for irrigation and drinking (1.83), agro-forestry which provides healthy environment and extra income (2.24), burning of crop residue which degrade the environment (2.31), agro processing to get good price (1.88) and, protected cultivation to provide off season products (2.19). Study also concluded that land holding, farming system, mass media exposure, extension contact, risk orientation, economic motivation, and innovation proneness with the awareness level had positive and significant correlation at 0.05 level of probability.
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Rathi, Deepika, Devraj Devraj, R. S. Antil, Ramprakash Ramprakash, and M. K. Sharma. "Available nutrients and labile carbon fractions in soil irrigated with sodic water." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 6 (September 14, 2020): 1081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i6.104768.
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An ongoing long-term field experiment established in the year 1994 at Vegetable Science Research Farm, CCS HAU, Hisar, India under different vegetable cropping systems was selected to study the effects of sodic water irrigation, gypsum and farmyard manure on labile soil organic carbon fractions and available nutrients in soil. The present study was conducted after 20 years of experimentation during 2014-2015. The field was irrigated with high RSC (11.5 me/l) sodic water having three treatment levels each of gypsum, viz G0 control, G1=50 % neutralization of RSC, G2=100% neutralization of RSC, as well as FYM (F0 = control, F1= 10 tons/ha, F2 =20 tons/ha) in a sandy loam Typic Ustochrept. Results showed that the pH of soil was very high under F0G0, and it decreased with the use of FYM and gypsum as amendments, however a reverse trend was observed in electrical conductivity. There was an increase in different carbon fractions and available nutrients when FYM was applied over no FYM application. Application of gypsum increased microbial biomass carbon, light fraction carbon and available nutrients (N, P, S) content in the soil but dissolved organic carbon and available K content was found decreased. It can be concluded that application of FYM @20 t/ha along with gypsum @100% neutralization of RSC of irrigation water should be applied for maintaining soil quality and productivity.
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Kargwal, Raveena, Yadvika, Vijay Kumar Singh, and Anil Kumar. "Energy Use Patterns of Pearl Millet (Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) Production in Haryana, India." World 4, no. 2 (April 19, 2023): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world4020017.
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Pearl millet (Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world after rice, wheat, maize and sorghum. A resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on 3 March 2021 decided to declare 2023 as the International Year of Millets. Millet has been promoted due to its nutritional value and low irrigation requirement. In this study, pearl millet was selected for energy auditing, and its production amount is a direct function of energy input. The production of pearl millet needs to be augmented to fulfill an increasing demand. Pearl millet is produced using various sources of energy. This study was conducted to examine the energy use pattern of different categories of farmers, such as small, medium and large, for pearl millet production in Hisar district, Haryana, India. The energy was distributed in different operations, including preparatory tillage, sowing, interculture, fertilizer, irrigation, pesticide, harvesting, threshing and transportation. The source-wise energy (direct and indirect) and operation-wise energy consumption were calculated for all categories of farmers. The average energy input of small, medium and large farmers was 2849.09 MJ.ha−1, 3027.21 MJ.ha−1 and 4021.50 MJ.ha−1, respectively. The highest energy was consumed in fertilizer application (52%), with the lowest in seed (2%). The energy ratios of small, medium and large farmers were 3.92, 9.40 and 13.80, respectively. This study could improve the agricultural production systems of pearl millet regarding the energy values of the inputs and outputs.
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Dhillon, R., B. Jhorar, M. Hooda, and D. Dahiya. "Ailanthus excelsa (Mahaneem): A potential tree species in greening the desert." Indian Journal of Forestry 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2007-j7k0br.
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The study was conducted at Regional Research Station, Balsamand of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). The experimental area has an arid climate with annual rainfall of 220 mm. The soil has been classified as mixed hyperthermic typic torripsament of Balsamand series. About one year old seedlings of Azadirachta indica, Ailanthus excelsa, Albizia lebbeck and Prosopis cineraria were planted in 0.6 m deep pits with 0.6 m diameter. The pits were filled with mixture of soil, FYM and silt in proportion of 2:1:1, respectively. After transplantation, fourteen supplementary basin irrigation (10 lt water/plant) were given at varying intervals for establishing the tree seedlings for a total period of one and half years. After ten years of transplantation Mahaneem (Ailanthus excelsa) exhibited maximum height (10.4 m) and girth at breast height (106.6 cm) as compared to other tree species. The soil physical as well as chemical properties were also considerably improved under Ailanthus excelsa plantation. Thus, Mahaneem tree can be effectively used in large-scale afforestation programmes in arid regions.
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SINGH, RAJ, V. U. M. RAO, and DIWAN SINGH. "Agro-meteorology of Indian Brassicas." MAUSAM 53, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v53i1.1619.
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Field experiment was conducted for two crop seasons (1996-97 & 1997-98) at CCS, HAU, Hisar research farm to study the effect of weather parameters on growth and yield of mustard. The results indicated that an increase in maximum temperature and duration of sunshine hours resulted in increased leaf area index (LAI). The increase in daytime temperature resulted in higher biomass accumulation during vegetative phase, but the trend was reversed during physiological maturity. The biomass accumulation in brassicas increased with increase in evaporation rate during the grand growth period. However, latter on during the physiological maturity, increase in evaporation rate resulted in decline of biomass accumulation. Further, it was noted that the magnitudes of some important weather parameters (maximum and minimum temperatures, pan evaporation and morning relative humidity) during the vegetative phase of crop played decisive role in deciding the quantum of seed yield which is a resultant of various yield attributes. The rainfall during the crop growing season either have no association or had a negative relationship with yield and yield attributes because crop never experienced water stress as abundant moisture was made available through irrigation.
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RATHI, DEEPIKA, DEVRAJ DEVRAJ, R. S. ANTIL, and SUNITA SHEORAN. "Impact of amendments on soil organic nitrogen fractions irrigated with sodic water." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 7 (October 6, 2020): 1236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i7.105567.
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Present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of FYM and gypsum on organic nitrogen fractions in soil of long-term field experiment irrigated with sodic water since 1994 at research farm of Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, India (2014-2015). Field was irrigated with high RSC (11.5 me/l) sodic water having three levels of gypsum G0 (control), G1 (50 % neutralization of RSC), G2 (100% neutralization of RSC), along with three levels of FYM; F0 (control), F1 (10 tonnes/ha), F2 (20 tonnes/ha). The Results obtained in April 2014 showed that all N fractions (Non hydrolysable-N, NH3-N, amino acid-N, amino sugar-N, hydrolysable unknown-N and total hydrolysable-N) were more dynamic in various treatments consisting FYM and gypsum levels. All nitrogen fractions increased with increasing levels of FYM and gypsum. Averages of amino acid nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and hydrolysable unknown nitrogen constituted about 28-30, 9-12, 27-29 and 29- 36% of total hydrolysable nitrogen, respectively. Adverse effect of residual alkalinity of irrigation water was quite prominent on chemical properties (pH, EC, organic carbon) of soil. The pH of soil was found to be very high under F0G0 and decreased with the use of FYM and gypsum as amendments. This result indicates that the combined use of FYM and gypsum improved soil health and maintained the sustainability of the different vegetable cropping system.
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Shehrawat, P. S., Aditya, Sandeep Bhakar, and B. Arulmanikandan. "Extent of Awareness and Adoption of Climate Resilient Crop Production Practises among Farmers in Haryana State of India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (August 22, 2023): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102715.
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The phenomenon of climate change presents a substantial obstacle to the attainment of food self-sufficiency and the overall welfare of rural communities. Climate change has significantly impacted the agricultural sector in India, with the majority of the population being more susceptible due to their direct or indirect reliance on the sector. The process of adapting to climate change is multifaceted and involves various factors, including economic, cultural, institutional, and biophysical aspects. Long-term climate change could threaten marginalised groups' livelihoods, thus proactive planning is needed. Strategic research that raises awareness and encourages adaptation helps Indian agriculture withstand climatic variability and climate change. This study evaluates farmers' knowledge and willingness to adopt climate-resilient agricultural practices in farming activities. The investigation involved 120 farmers from Hisar and Fatehabad districts, randomly selected two villages from each district viz., Sharwa and Chirod, and Gorakhpur and Jandlikalan, to gather data. The study found that farmers have a high level of awareness about climate-resilient crop production practices, with high adoption rates for crop insurance, field sanitation, irrigation scheduling, and seed treatment. However, there are areas where awareness is lacking, such as post-harvest losses, natural resource conservation, cultivation methods, tolerant crop varieties, and credit facilities. To improve awareness, farmers need to promote and enhance less widely accepted practices, such as credit facilities, natural resource conservation schemes, and cultivation methods. The study thus highlights some challenges include lack of knowledge about climate change, labor scarcity, limited resources, inadequate training, and poor institutional financial support.
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Singh, Sube. "Awareness and Adoption Level of Farmers Towards Water Harvesting Practices." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/apr_jun/160-165.
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Rainwater harvesting has multi uses as it can be used for watering gardens in our homes and crop plants in agricultural fi elds. Water requirement is mainly supplied by supplemental crop irrigation due to low and uncertain annual rainfall dryland regions. These reduce the reliance of farmers on other sources of water supply to save money. The harvested water can also be committed to longer-term storage or groundwater recharge. Rainwater harvesting and its utilization have a very important role to play in harnessing the production potential within dryland systems. The study was undertaken in Fatehabad and Hisar districts of Haryana to assess the Awareness level of farmers about and to assess the Adoption level of farmers about water harvesting practices during monsoon. The results of the study concluded that a majority (78.75%) of the respondents were aware about Rainwater harvesting practices during monsoon season, 76.25 per cent of the farmers were aware about 'Rainwater harvesting and storage by diff erent methods, about three-fourth (70.00%) of respondents were aware that ‘Rainwater harvesting reduces the cost for pumping of groundwater’. About one-third (35.00%) of the respondents were fully adopted 'Laser Land Leveller technology to harvest rainwater uniformly in the fi eld followed by 'Field bunding of farm for rainwater harvesting (31.25%), and 27.50 per cent of the respondents were adopted Rainwater harvesting schemes initiated by the Govt. of Haryana. It is also suggested a movement for popularizing the water harvesting practices should be started among farmers and villagers by all agricultural departments to save the water for further & future use for diff erent purposes
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Rani, Sonia, and P. S. Seharawat. "Losses and alternatives measures towards environmental degradation in rural area of Haryana." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1577.
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In India, the globally accepted threats caused by environmental degradation are soil degradation and desertification, pollution, droughts, floods and water scarcity. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state namely, Hisar and Kaithal and a total number of one hundred twenty women were selected and interviewed with the help of well structured schedule. The study revealed that majority of the women were of middle age group (36-50 years), educated up to higher education, belonged to nuclear family with 4 members, performed government, private jobs and self employment. Very serious losses due to environment degradation were air pollutant effect on human health, animals and plants (1.47), deeper level of ground water table leads to irrigation scarcity (1.35), quality deterioration of crop produce and fertilizers cause toxicity in food products (1.23), lost of biodiversity and tropical forest, extinction of plant and animal species (0.41) as per their ‘Z’ score. Least smoky trees should be planted and used, Baval, Neem, Pipal, Bargad, Shisham, Aam, Jamun (94.16%), Installing chimneys to rent smoke from indoor stoves (90.83%) Storage and disposal of farm wastes properly (79.16%), Campaigning for healthy environment (74.16%), enhancing the area under agro and social forestry (69.16), empowerment of women for different development programs (66.66%) were found very effective among the women to making the environment healthy. To reach the results the aggregate total score was calculated to each alternative measure separately, and on the basis of calculated total score, a weighted mean score were obtained which were ranked according to the maximum or minimum mean scores for assessing the effectiveness of alternative measure.
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Chahal, Promila Krishna. "Testing of agriculture hand tool design using ergonomics principles." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 15, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/419-427.
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In India, women play an important role in agricultural field operations. Women are found to involved labour intensive activity on field, but still no specific tools and technologies are developed and tested on women to reduce their drudgery experiences in crop production activities. By keeping all these point, the present study was conducted to evaluate the carrot production system by improving some tools for work. The study was conducted on 30 farmers (43.3 % male and 56.7 % female) of Behbalpur village of Hisar district, who were found to be engaged in carrot production system. Majority of the respondents (60.0%) were belonged to the age group of 32-42 years and one third of the respondents (33.3%) were having education up to high school. Maximum respondents (93.3 %) were having farming as main occupation and majority of them (86.7%) were having land between 2.5-10.0 acres. Out of 14 carrot production these activities; harvesting was found to be most time taking activity with time involvement of 3602.6±52.8 minutes, followed by separating green from carrot (3043.7±45.1), irrigation ( 2672.4±21.5 minutes) and weeding (2411.3±23.1 minutes). Rating of perceived exertion score was also found to high in harvesting (x=4.7) packing/loading (x=4.2) and weeding (x=4.1). Results unveiled that most of drudgery prone activities were performed by female like; weeding (DI-83.67), separating green (DI-70.67), harvesting, (DI-69.33) packing and loading (DI-56.33) and collecting carrot (DI-55.67) with their drudgery rank of I, II, V,VI, respectively. So tools used in carrots production (especially weeding, collecting carrot, and separating green, packing/loading) were modified and their performance and acceptance level were tested on the bases of scales. As per result on effect of improved tools, heart rate and blood pressure (systolic-122.9±8.4 to 128.4 bp/min and diastolic-79.3±8.3 to 85.7±8.3 bp/min) of workers in weeding activity was found significantly higher (t value 3.07, 3.7 and 3.84) in tradition method but in improved tool the heart rate and blood pressure were near to normal value, which reflect that improved tool (hand wheel hoe) was easy to use and not affected the heart rate of workers. Grip strength of workers was found to be decreased (30.9±3.5 to 24.1±2.8) in tradition method but had not significantly affect (30.9±3.5 to 28.1±3.1) the workers grip strength by using hand wheel hoe.
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Kumar, Mukesh, R. K. Pannu, and Bhagat Singh. "Simulation of phenology, total nutrient uptake and grain yield of wheat under different irrigation and nitrogen application managements in Hisar, India using the DSSAT-CSM-CERES-Wheat model." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, Of (August 2, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-4722.
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The purpose of this study was the calibration and validation of DSSAT-CSM-CERES-Wheat model (v4.5) for wheat in Hisar conditions. The DSSAT-CSM-CERES-Wheat model was calibrated with the field experimental data of rabi 2010-11 having 3 levels of irrigation (I1-one irrigation at crown root initiation [CRI], I2- two irrigations at CRI and heading and I3- four irrigations at CRI, late tillering, heading and milking) and 5 nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha) and validated with data of experiment rabi 2011-12 conducted at Hisar (29°10’ N and 75°46’ E). The model performance was evaluated using average error (Bias), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), index of agreement (d-stat) and coefficient of determination (r2), and it was observed that DSSAT-CSM-CERES-Wheat model was able to predict the phenology, total nutrient uptake and grain yield of wheat with reasonably good accuracy. The simulated results were within the permissible limit of the error (error % less than ±15).
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Kumar, Mukesh, R. K. Pannu, Amit Kumar, Bhagat Singh, and A. K. Dhaka. "Impacts of irrigation frequency and nitrogen rate on productivity, quality, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiencies of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, Of (February 17, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-4704.
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An experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2010-11 and 2011-12, consisting of three irrigation frequencies viz. one irrigation at CRI, two irrigations at CRI and heading and four irrigations at CRI, late tillering, heading and milking in main plots and five nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha) in sub-plots in strip plot design with four replications. Grain yield and NUE increased significantly with increased irrigation levels. Increase irrigation frequency increased the N (33.4 and 31.3 %), P (42.2 and 42.3 %) and K (26.7 and 25.1 %) uptake over one irrigation during 2010-11 and N (16.0 and 15.9 %), P (19.4 and 20.7 %) and K (11.2 and 13.5 %) during 2011-12. Increased nitrogen dose increased the protein content, hectolitre weight, sedimentation value and grain yield over control. Maximum and minimum nutrient uptake was recorded with 200 and 0 kg N/ha.
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SHWETA, MEENA SEWHAG, RENU MUNJAL, NISHA KUMARI, KAMLA MALIK, ASHOK KUMAR SAINI, and KAUTILYA CHAUDHARY. "Wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop response to irrigation scheduling and super absorbent polymers." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 9 (September 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i9.111252.
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A field experiment was conducted at research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during winter (rabi) season 2018–19 and 2019–20 with an objective to study the polymers with irrigation effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The research was done in a split-plot design with four irrigation [(No irrigation (I0), One irrigation at CRI stage, crown root initiation stage; (I1), Two irrigation at CRI, Booting (I2), Three irrigation at CRI, Booting, milking (I3)] and three polymer treatments [(No polymers (P0), Gondkatira @5 kg/ha (P1), Pusa Hydrogel @2.5 kg/ha (P2)] in the main and subplot respectively. The wheat seed yield decreased by 11.90% from I3 to I2, 17.12% from I3 to I1, and 33.74% from I3 to I0. The polymer treatment was used to increase the wheat seed yield. The yield was increased by 7.41% and 1.15% by application of hydrogel and gondkatira over no polymer. The minimum water productivity was registered under three irrigations. The application of gondkatira in wheat increased the water productivity by 8.09% while hydrogel 11.56%. Water stress or no irrigation has a lower Fv/Fm (Maximum quantum efficiency of PS II) (0.73) ratio than to no stress or three irrigations (0.75).
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Singh, Mohinder, Rajesh Kathwal, and Ella Rani. "Productivity, Input and Operational Costs and Marketing Efficiency of Guar [Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (L.) Taub]: A Legume Crop in Haryana." LEGUME RESEARCH-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, of (November 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/lr-4049.
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A field study was conducted in Sirsa, Bhiwani and Hisar in Department of Economics, Baba Mastnath University Rohtak to study the productivity, economics and marketing efficiency of guar during the year 2014-15. It was found that among the operational costs for cultivation of guar, the preparatory cost was significantly higher in Hisar (` 2834/ha) as compared to Sirsa and Bhiwani, while the pre-sowing irrigation was higher in Sirsa district. The sowing costs was significantly higher in Sirsa (` 957/ha). Threshing and transportation costs were significantly higher in Sirsa (` 3924 and ` 350). FYM, DAP, irrigation and chemical weeding were significantly positively correlated with yield. Marketing channel-III (producer and processor only) was found most efficient with an efficiency of 12.03.
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Qazizadah, Nasir Ahmad, Bhagat Singh, Anil Kumar Dhaka, Ram Prakash, and Anil Kumar. "Crop Phenology, Growth Indices and Yield of Wheat as Influenced by Different Establishment and Moisture Conservation Practices under Limited Irrigated Conditions." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, September 7, 2022, 1375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i2231509.
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To find out the best crop establishment method, and to evaluate the effect of moisture conservation practices on phenology, growth indices and grain yield of wheat under limited irrigated conditions a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar is situated 29°10' N latitude and 75° 46' E longitude with an elevation of 215.2 meters above mean sea level in the semi-arid and sub-tropical zone. The experiment consisted of twenty four treatment combinations comprising three establishment methods i.e. Conventional Tillage (CT), Zero Tillage (ZT) and Bed Planting (BP) as main plot and two irrigation levels i.e. I1-one irrigation applied at crown root initiation stage (I1) and I2-two irrigation applied at CRI and booting stagess as sub-main plot treatments and four moisture conservation practices i.e. M0-no mulch, M1-mulch (pearl millet straw @ 4 tonnes ha-1), M2- antitranspirant (kaolin @ 6% w/v) and M3- mulch (pearl millet straw @ 4 tonnes ha-1) + antitranspirant (kaolin @ 6% w/v) as sub-plots treatments. The experiment was conducted in split split-plot design with three replications. The results revealed that days taken to booting, heading and physiological maturity did not influence significantly by crop establishment methods. Crop took more days to attain booting (79.64 and 77.89), heading (90.33 and 88.08) and physiological maturity (138.86 and 137.42) stages when two irrigations were applied to the crop as compared to one irrigation during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. Among moisture conservation practices, treatment M3 took significantly higher numbers of days for booting (80.24 and 79.06), heading (91.00 and 88.39) and physiological maturity (140.39 and 138.72) stages as compared to M0 but statically at par with M1 and M2. The growth indices i.e. crop growth rate and relative growth rate are significantly higher in BP, two irrigation levels and M3 during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. The maximum grain yield of wheat was recorded when crop was sown by bed planting method of crop establishment (4,830 and 4,393 kg ha-1) as compared to ZT and CT during both the years. The grain yield was significantly higher with two irrigations levels (4,877 and 4,457 kg ha-1) as compared to one irrigation during both the years. Treatment M3 (4,837 and 4,415 kg ha-1) produced significantly higher grain yield as compared to other treatments during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively.
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Mehta, M. L., Ira Lohan, and Mukesh Jain. "Development of Solar Powered Micro-irrigation Applicator for Dryland Agriculture." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, June 16, 2020, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i1530711.
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In India, 58% of net sown area is under dryland agriculture, where rain is the only source of irrigation water. Sowing is usually done in dryland whenever the ground is wet due to rainfall. But, if there is no rainfall within 30-40 days after sowing, the crop will be under severe dry spell condition and many a times the crop fails due to which the farmer incurs heavy losses. To solve this problem, a solar operated micro-irrigation applicator was developed and tested at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, Haryana, India. The machine consists of body structure with inbuilt 500 litres capacity water storage tank, solar panels, battery, solar charger, mono-block pump set with DC motor, transportation wheel and drip irrigation system. Water has to be taken from the pond where rain water has been stored during rainy season. The machine works on solar power and can be installed anywhere in remote area. In the last week of January, 2019, at CCSHAU, Hisar, the average solar insolation was 948 W/m2 and the average voltage developed by the solar panels was 12.86 V. The average discharge rate of dripper and sprinkler were 79.9 and 640.2 ml/minute, respectively. The performance of the machine was evaluated in bottle gourd and it was found to be satisfactory to save the crop under dry spell conditions.
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SINGH, AMANDEEP, SANJAY KUMAR, ARVIND DHALOIYA, NARENDER KUMAR, AMAN MOR, ASHISH KUMAR, PARVEEN DHANGER, and HARENDER DAGAR. "Soil water dynamics and yield response of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) under drip irrigation with different irrigation frequency." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 12 (December 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i12.123503.
Full textAbstract:
Semi-arid region can benefit greatly from surface and subsurface drip irrigation techniques in overcoming the problem of water scarcity. Therefore, a field study was carried out at the research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during winter (rabi) season 2019–20 and 2020–21 to investigate the effectiveness of surface and subsurface drip irrigation on growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracia L.). Subsurface drip irrigation shows higher moisture content than surface drip irrigation at vertical as well as radial distance. The growth parameters were found highest in the treatment irrigation after one day under subsurface drip irrigation. The average highest (14610 kg/ha in 2019–20 and 14740 kg/ha in 2020–21) and lowest (12920 kg/ha in 2019–20 and 13030 kg/ha in 2020–21) total yield was recorded under irrigation after one day in subsurface drip irrigation and irrigation after three days in surface drip irrigation treatments, respectively. It is concluded that alternate days irrigation with subsurface drip irrigation gives better performance to obtain the maximum yield of broccoli grown in the semi-arid region of India.
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TAMBOLI, YASIR AZEEZ, JOGINDER SINGH YADAV, PARVEEN KUMAR, KAPIL MALIK, HARI MOHAN MEENA, and MANU RANI. "Irrigation levels and anti-transpirants impact on performance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 93, no. 2 (February 28, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i2.119905.
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A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Regional Research Station, Bawal, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to examine the consequences of different levels of irrigation and anti-transpirants application on Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]. The experiment consisted of 3 irrigation levels (I1, control; I2, one irrigation at 40 DAS; I3, two irrigations at 40 and 75 DAS), and two varieties (V1, RH-725; V2, RH-749) in main plots, whereas, 4 anti-transpirants (A1, control; A2, PMA @250 ppm at 45 and 90 DAS; A3, 6% kaolin at 45 and 90 DAS and A4, PMA @250 ppm + 6% kaolin at 45 and 90 DAS) in sub plots. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 3 replications. The results revealed that different irrigation levels and anti-transpirants significantly influenced the performance of RH-749 and RH-725 mustard varieties. Yield attributes such as number of siliquae/plant, siliquae length, number of seeds per siliquae, test weight, seed yield/plant and biological yield were recorded significantly higher during both the years. Whereas, in the case of anti-transpirants, highest biological yield and productivity per day of mustard was recorded in A4 as compared to A1 but it was at par with A3 anti-transpirants. Among the varieties, RH-749 performed better compared to RH-725 under different treatments. The interactive between I3 irrigation level and A4 anti-transpirants was significantly superioras compared to others. Moreover, mustard yield was found significant and positively correlated with different yield attributes.
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PRAMOD KUMAR, SURESH KUMAR, V. S. HOODA, NEELAM, ANIL KUMAR, S.K. THAKRAL, SHEILENDRA KUMAR, and PARDEEP KUMAR. "Agro meteorological indices influenced by different sowing dates, irrigation and fertilizer levels under late sown Indian mustard in western Haryana, India." Journal of Agrometeorology 24, no. 2 (April 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v24i2.1120.
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A field experiments was carried out during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Agronomy Research Farm, CCS HAU, Hisar. To compute the temperature based agrometeorological indices for Indian mustard sown under different growing environments along with Split plot design. Two sowing environments imposed through different sowing dates (2nd week of November and 4th week of November) and two irrigation levels (One irrigation at flowering stage and No post-sown irrigation) in main plots and four fertilizer levels (87.5%, 100%, 112.5% and 125% RDF) in subplots and replicated thrice. Crop sown during 2nd week of November had significantly higher agrometeorological indices (GDD, HTU, Tphoto, Tnycto and TIDR) values over 4th week of November sowing. Among irrigation levels, one irrigation performed better with respect to agrometeorological indices. Among fertilizer levels, application of 125% RDF exhibited significantly higher agrometeorological indices followed by 112.5%, 100% and 87.5% RDF. The seed yield and biological yield were highly significantly co-related with the accumulated GDD (0.95** and 0.95**), HTU (**0.83 and 0.83**) Tphoto (**0.96 and 0.96**), Tnycto (**0.953 and 0.951**) and TIDR (0.970** and 0.970**) clearly suggesting thereby the significant effect of these indices on the mustard crop. These indices can therefore very well used as indicators of crop performance, once these relationships are quantified and tested.
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Kumar, Rajnish, Rakesh Kumar, and A. K. Godara. "Attitude of Kinnow Growers toward Drip Irrigation System in Haryana State, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, June 17, 2022, 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i930998.
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The study measured the attitudes of Kinnow growers towards Drip Irrigation System for Kinnow production. The study was conducted in purposively selected district of Sirsa and Hisar of state Haryana because of the maximum number of Kinnow growers under Drip Irrigation System. From each district, two blocks were selected also based on maximum number of Kinnow growers under Drip Irrigation System. After that 20 respondents were selected randomly from each selected block thus making a total sample of 80 respondents. An interview schedule consisting of measuring devise of dependent and independent variables along with the face data of responses were used for collecting responses of respondents. The data collected were tabulated, analyzed, Interpreted and meaningful inferences drawn. The study shows that majority of respondents (72.50%) had most favourable attitude towards Drip Irrigation System. On the technical aspect, the study indicates that more than two third of respondents (63.80%) had favourable attitude, 71.20 Per cent respondents belonging to favourable attitude towards economical aspect, more than half (57.50%) of the respondents had most favourable attitude towards social aspects, a majority of the respondents (83.70%) were found to have most favourable attitude towards input management aspect and nearly about two thirds (61.20 %) of the respondents had most favourable attitude towards water management aspect of Kinnow production under Drip Irrigation System.
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"Efficacy of Isoproturon and Pendimethalin against Resistant Biotypes of spp. in Wheat ( L.)." Indian Journal of Ecology, June 15, 2022, 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55362/ije/2022/3584.
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Persistence of weeds under irrigation conditions is inevitable and manual management practices are labour intensive and cumbersome. As far as wheat is concerned huge losses in yield, are incurred due to spp. Therefore, the present study was carried out Rumex to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides against spp. during the 2017-18 at Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Rumex Rabi, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). Isoproturon as post- emergence and pendimethalin as pre-emergence were taken as treatments and applied at three doses (0.5X, 1.0X and 2.0X) under pot study 'X' is the recommended dose of herbicide@ 1000g/ha for isoproturon and 1500g/ha for pendimethalin .Four populations of spp. named as HHH (HAU Hisar), UPH (Ujha, Panipat), JHH (Jind) Rumex and JJR (Jhajjar) collected from putative resistance affected farmer's field.UPH and JHH populations are highly resistant whereas JJR population is moderately resistant to sulphonylureas herbicides. HHH population is sensitive so used as standard check for comparison. Majority of biotypes showed sensitivity against isoproturon at recommended dose except UPH biotype. It provided 70-90 per cent control to all biotypes at double of recommended doses. Lower values of plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence, fresh and dry weight were observed in isoproturon treated plants. biotypes were highly sensitive to pendimethalin when applied as pre emergence. It provided complete Rumex control to all biotypes. The information collected from this study will facilitate proactive management of spp. through sequential Rumexapplication of pre and post emergence herbicides.
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"Growth and Economic Profitability of Castor Cultivation in the Semi-arid Zone of Haryana." Indian Journal of Economics and Development, June 6, 2020, 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.35716/ijed/ns20-011.
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The present study was carried out in three districts viz; Rewari, Sirsa and Hisar of Haryana state. A survey of 60 sampled farms was conducted to extract information pertaining to various expenses incurred in cultivation of castor and output attained as well as to ascertain the perception of farmers for various problems encountered in production and marketing of castor seed. The descriptive analysis was employed to draw valid inferences from the study. The results revealed that net profit accrued from cultivation of castor seed was ₹ 46331 ha -1 in the study area. The value of B: C ratio of castor cultivation was more than one and also higher as compared to prevalent cropping systems indicated that cultivation of castor seed is economical viable entity. However, production constraints like retention of F2 seed in the field over year, grain scattering, shortage of irrigation water, frost effect on crop yield and marketing constraints like absence of MSP, higher transportation cost sale of castor seed in distant markets, frequent fluctuation in market price, non-availability of processing units were observed.
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"Extent of Crop Diversification in Haryana." Indian Journal of Economics and Development, June 6, 2020, 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35716/ijed/ns20-045.
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The study was conducted in different agro-climatic zones of the Haryana state. The results revealed that area under paddy, wheat, rapeseed and mustard, and cotton increased by 398, 147, 419 and 203 percent respectively during the period 1970to 2014, whereas, area under gram, maize, jowar, barley and bajra declined drastically by 92, 90, 70, 66 and 48 percent during the same period, respectively. As far as wheat and paddy specialization was concerned, Ambala, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat districts remained specialized throughout the entire study period. The districts of Rewari, Mahendergarh and Gurgaon remained specialized in mustard throughout the entire period. The cotton crop remained specialized in districts of Hisar, Jind and Sirsa. Sugarcane not only specialized in Yamunanagar but also remained at the top with quotient values was of 6.35, 8.83 and 7.59 during Period-I, II and III respectively. The shift in area towards a particular crop in various districts was observed due to availability of irrigation water, profitability of crops and favorable public policies.
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Kaur, Amandeep, Satyavan ., Ramandeep Kaur, and Vikram Singh. "Effect of malt barley varieties and nitrogen levels on crop phenology, PAR interception, GDD, RUE and thermal use efficiency under saline water irrigation." Crop Research VOLUME 57, ISSUE 4 (JULY) (July 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.31830/2454-1761.2022.cr-814.
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Barley is one of the most salt tolerant crops and can be adopted in a condition where the irrigation quality of the water is saline in nature. Due to uncertainty of rainfall and scarcity of water, farmers of Haryana often irrigate the crops with poor quality water and this situation is likely to become more alarming with the depleting water resources. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the effect of different malt barley varieties and nitrogen levels on crop phenology, PAR interception, GDD, radiation use efficiency and thermal use efficiency. The experiment was laid out in split plot design by keeping four varieties (BH 902, BH 946, BH 885 and DWRB 101) in main plots and four nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha) in sub plots with four replications. Variety BH 902 recorded significantly higher grain yield and took maximum number of days for flag leaf emergence, spike initiation and physiological maturity than variety BH 946, BH 885 and DWRB 101, respectively. Highest GDD, radiation use efficiency and thermal use efficiency was recorded by variety BH 946 which was statistical at par with DWRB 101 and significantly higher than BH 902 and BH 885. Application of 90 kg N/ha took maximum number of days for flag leaf emergence, spike initiation and physiological maturity as well as recorded higher GDD, radiation use efficiency and thermal use efficiency as compared to 0, 30 and 60 kg N/ha.
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., Sumit, D. P. Malik, D. K. Bishnoi, Neeraj Pawar, and Nirmal Kumar. "Additional Income Generation from Cultivation of Summer Mungbean in Rice-Wheat System of Haryana." LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, OF (August 4, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/lr-4253.
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Background: Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], also known as green gram is cultivated on area of 4.75 million ha in kharif and rabi/ spring seasons as monocrop or intercrop in India. It serves as a major source of dietary protein for the vast majority of vegetarian people in the country. Mungbean contributed 10.03 per cent of total pulses production (23.40 million tonnes) in the country with productivity level of 494 kg ha-1 in 2018-19. The pulses cultivation in Haryana is almost eliminated in kharif season owing to deviation of area towards cotton, cluster bean and pearlmillet because of low profitability. However, the new window opens for cultivation of mungbean in rice-wheat cropping system in summer season to generate additional farm income and to improve soil health. The area under summer mungbean in state was around 64 thousand ha with the production of 50 thousand tonnes and the average productivity of 780 kg/ha during 2017-18. Although rice-wheat system provides better farm returns, but it has imposed threat to soil health, availability and contamination of ground water, weed and biotic stress management. Methods: The data pertains to costs and returns from summer mungbean cultivation was gathered from 60 mungbean cultivators of Hisar, Kurukshetra and Panipat districts of Haryana having adequate irrigation water availability adopting personal interaction approach in 2018-19. Simple budgeting technique was employed to draw practical implications which ultimately help to take favourable policy decisions for enhancing acreage of summer mungbean. Result: The inquiry profound that mungbean cultivation in summer season particularly in rice-wheat was established as additional income generation farm enterprise. The net benefits accrued from short duration varieties of mungbean over variable cost was Rs. 31831 ha-1 with time span of 60-70 days by utilizing fallow land in summer season. The B-C ratio toiled considering expenses incurred on variable resources with value of 2.99 divulges economic viability of mungbean cultivation in the study area. It is imperative from results that cultivation of short duration cultivars of mungbean is viable option to enhance farm income, restoration of diminishing soil fertility owing to adoption of continuous rice-wheat rotation by inherent characteristics of converting atmospheric nitrogen. Distinctive efforts are essential to evolve mungbean cultivars suitable to prevailing cropping system in Haryana and assure market procurement. The exploration of mungbean cultivation will reduce dependency on import and improve net availability of pulses in India.