Academic literature on the topic 'Irreversible inhibitor'

La neurofibromatose de type 1 (NF1) est une maladie génétique qui se manifeste entre autre par l'apparition de tumeurs bénignes localisées au niveaux des terminaux nerveux appelés neurofibromes cutanés (NFc). Au cours de ces dernières années, de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques sont apparues telles que les LIM kinases (LIMKs), enzymes responsables du dynamisme du cytosquelette et dont la suractivation est liée à différentes pathologies comme la NF1, le glioblastome ou l'ostéosarcome. Un travail de chimie médicinale a été donc initié dans le but de concevoir de nouveaux inhibiteurs sélectifs des LIMKs. Dans un premier temps, des études de relations structure-activité (RSA) ont été réalisées sur les 3 principaux sites de pharmacomodulations du composé de type pyrrolopyrimidine préalablement développé par notre équipe. Le développement de différentes stratégies de synthèse a été entrepris permettant un accès efficace à un grand nombre de produits finaux (84). L'optimisation de la partie aniline des composés a mené à la synthèse de 49 inhibiteurs des LIMKs, avec des constantes d'inhibition inférieures à 5 nM pour certains d'entre eux. Par la suite, l'élaboration d'une voie de synthèse optimisée en 15 étapes a permis de remplacer le cycle central 3,6-dihydropyridine jusqu'alors inchangé, par un dérivé de l'acide 1-aminocyclohex-3-ène-1-carboxylique. Enfin, une nouvelle série d'inhibiteurs a été préparée en remplaçant la base hétérocyclique pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine par des dérivés 7-azaindoliques. Nous avons observé une meilleure sélectivité pour les LIMKs vis-à-vis des ROCKs pour les 23 produits obtenus. Des évaluations in vitro approfondies de nos meilleurs inhibiteurs sur plusieurs lignées cellulaires ont mené à la sélection de deux composés pour être utilisés lors d'essais in vivo sur un modèle de souris original de NF1. En parallèle, de nouveaux modes d'inhibition des LIMKs ont été développés avec la synthèse d'un inhibiteur irréversible ciblant LIMK1, ainsi que 4 PROTACs qui ont provoqué la dégradation des LIMKs par la voie protéasome-ubiquitine sur plusieurs lignées cellulaires<br>Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease characterized by the development of cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) (benign tumors) located at nerve endings. LIM kinases (LIMKs), enzymes responsible for cytoskeleton dynamics, have emerged in recent years as valid therapeutic targets for this disease. These enzymes are overactivated in several pathologies including NF1, glioblastoma or osteosarcoma. A medicinal chemistry project was therefore initiated with the aim of designing new selective inhibitors of LIMKs. Initially, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted on the 3 main pharmacomodulation sites of the pyrrolopyrimidine-type compounds previously developed by our team. The development of various synthetic strategies was undertaken, allowing efficient access to a large number of final products (84). Optimization of the aniline portion of the compounds led to the synthesis of 49 LIMKs inhibitors, with inhibition constants lower than 5 nM for several derivatives. Subsequently, an optimized 15 steps synthetic route was developed to replace the previously unchanged central ring 3,6-dihydropyridine with a derivative of 1-aminocyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid. Finally, a new series of inhibitors was developed by replacing the heterocyclic pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine base by 7-azaindole derivatives. Improved LIMK vs. ROCK selectivity was observed among the 23 obtained products. Following extensive in vitro evaluation of our best inhibitors on several cell lines, two compounds were selected for in vivo trials on an original mouse model of NF1. In parallel, new modes of LIMKs inhibition were developed with the synthesis of an irreversible inhibitor targeting LIMK1, as well as 4 PROTACs that induced LIMKs degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system in several cell lines

<p>Acid related diseases like GERD, duodenal-and gastric ulcers and H. Pylori-positive peptic ulcer disease are primarily managed by reducing gastric acidity. Irreversible proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) inhibit gastric acid secretion effectively throughout the day by irreversibly inhibiting the gastric proton pump, H+, K+-ATPase, in the parietal cells. Reversible gastric proton pump inhibitors are under development, but have not yet reached clinical use.</p><p>The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships of these compounds are nonlinear, with a delay in the effect-time profile compared to the plasma concentration-time course. PK/PD-modelling was used to characterize and quantify the pharmacological effect with regard to onset, intensity and duration of effect. Models based on functional data, that discriminate between drug-and system-specific parameters, were developed. </p><p>In general, the plasma concentration-time course for each individual was approximated by linear interpolation between time-points and served as input into the pharmacodynamic models. A turnover model of irreversible inhibition of gastric acid secretion by omeprazole in the dog described the data well. The model was challenged and found to be robust under different experimental conditions. This model could predict the effect following different exposure of omeprazole and following different histamine provocation. Different fitting approaches (naïve pooling, standard two-stage and nonlinear mixed effects modelling) were compared and resulted in similar parameter estimates. For the reversible inhibitors, a kinetic binding model was finally selected. With a binding model the delay in the effect-time profile is explained by prolonged binding to the enzyme. </p><p>Use of these results in drug development can be helpful with regard to selection of drugs for further development and to predict the first clinical dose.</p>