Journal articles on the topic 'Irregular meter'
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1
Soldatov, K. I., H. S. Zhelezniak, and K. V. Hurzhii. "THE STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF IRREGULAR SPAN LENGTHS OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES." Science and Transport Progress, no. 4 (August 25, 2004): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2004/20976.
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The article is devoted to the possibility of replacement of complex inseparable irregular bridge structures by their regular counterparts, with minimal errors in definition of the own frequencies. The analysis has been performed on a real five-span bridge structure, designed under a 66 +126 +147 +115 + 76 – meter scheme.
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Latincic, Dragan. "Central rotation of regular (and irregular) musical poligons." Muzikologija, no. 28 (2020): 205–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz2028205l.
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The text describes the application of one of the most important isometric transformations to the projected metro-rhythmic entities of individual harmonics of the spectrum. It is a direct isometry called central rotation. Central rotation conditions the hemiola structuring of the meter. Hemiolas are identified with regular and irregular geometric figures (primarily triangles) by means of a partition and the composition (index) number of a particular spectral harmonics. The partition and composition of numbers, which are dealt with in discrete mathematics, on the one hand, and, the technique of horizontal hemiolas, characteristic of the polyphony of the sub-Saharan region, on the other, served as a means of creating methods by which the isometric transformation of central rotation would be realized in (musical) time.
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Mahmood, Farhad. "Mobile radio propagation path loss simulation for two districts of different buildings structures in Mosul-city." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.7.1.15.
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In this paper two theoretical models have been considered for the prediction of path loss for two different districts in Mosul city, using MATLAB 7.4 program. The Walfisch-Ikegami (W-I) model for uniform heights and similar buildings in the Karama district . The other model is Okumura-Hata (OH) model applied for irregular and dissimilar buildings in the Almajmoa'a district. The information buildings heights are obtained from the civil Eng. Depart. in Mosul university. In this paper it can be shown that The effect of distance in regular area (karama) on path loss is about 10 dB larger than irregular area (Almajmoa'a), and The effect of varying antenna height in regular area (karama) on path loss is about 7 dB greater than irregular area (Almajmoa'a) for 40 meter variation.
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Park, Gyou Tae, Geun Jun Lyu, Young Gyu Kim, Young Dae Kim, and Hie Sik Kim. "A Study on the Effective Gas Safety Management Using Smart Appliances." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.649.
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In this paper, we developed and tested the effective gas safety management system by using wireless intelligent gas safety appliances to monitor gas flow and pressure, earthquake in a micom-gas-meter, to check combustible gas leaks and temperature (upper 100°C) in an automatic extinguisher and to measure smoke and CO gas. Then our system takes safety measures such as cutoff, warning and messages to protect a serious risk if results of event are abnormal, communicates with a wall-pad including a gateway with ZigBee network in buildings and to inform the event to user via the safety management program in our server. Also, the inner cutoff valve of intelligent gas meters and automatic extinguishers are operated automatically if irregular events are occurred.
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Ji, Jianghui, Yun Jiang, Yuhui Zhao, Su Wang, and Liangliang Yu. "Chang'e-2 spacecraft observations of asteroid 4179 Toutatis." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S318 (August 2015): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315008674.
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AbstractOn 13 December 2012, Chang'e-2 completed a successful flyby of the near-Earth asteroid 4179 Toutatis at a closest distance of 770 meters from the asteroid's surface. The observations show that Toutatis has an irregular surface and its shape resembles a ginger-root of a smaller lobe (head) and a larger lobe (body). Such bilobate shape is indicative of a contact binary origin for Toutatis. In addition, the high-resolution images better than 3 meters provide a number of new discoveries about this asteroid, such as an 800-meter depression at the end of the large lobe, a sharply perpendicular silhouette near the neck region, boulders, indicating that Toutatis is probably a rubble-pile asteroid. Chang'e-2 observations have significantly revealed new insights into the geological features and the formation and evolution of this asteroid. In final, we brief the future Chinese asteroid mission concept.
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Rashid, Mofeed. "Design and Implementation of Wireless Electric Power Meter Based on XBee Model." Iraqi Journal for Computers and Informatics 41, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25195/ijci.v41i1.92.
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Since the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq is still suffering from the crisis and irregular in the processing of electric power to customers.Damage to the network, the old measurement devices for measuring electrical energy consumption, and irregularities and corruption in theprocess of measuring and calculating fees of the consumption, all these reasons led to the deterioration of the performance of thedistribution network in Iraq. In this paper, Wireless Electric Power Meter Based on XBee Module has been designed and implementedwhich ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN) will be used for wireless electric power meter communication supported by PICmicrocontroller which used for power unit measurements. Wireless metering system will be controlled by central computer which place inbase station; also database will be design to record and manage all data and information of consumers.
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Zikra, Hazanul, and Widyo Pura Buana. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN DESAIN SAMPLING SURVEI KERANGKA SAMPEL AREA (KSA)." Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2020, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 1326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2020i1.710.
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Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) terus melakukan inovasi dalam rangka menghasilkan data pangan yang akurat, termasuk bekerja sama dengan Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) dalam mengembangkan metode survei KSA untuk mengestimasi luas panen padi. Meskipun sudah menerapkan kaidah sampling yang objektif, namun masih perlu dilakukan kajian terutama adanya potensi bias dari estimator survei KSA terutama untuk sawah-sawah dengan karakteristik tidak beraturan, kecil dan menyebar. Salah satu potensi penyebab bias dengan karakteristik sawah tidak beraturan adalah penggunaan segmen berbentuk persegi berukuran 300 meter × 300 meter menimbulkan potensi titik amatan tidak jatuh di sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan beberapa alternatif desain sampling KSA, yaitu dot sampling method, two-phase systematic unclustered point sampling, dan irregular segment shape sampling atau kerangka sampel segmen yang mengikuti bentuk sebaran sawah. Metode yang digunakan adalah simulasi sampling dengan opsi desain sampling KSA tersebut dengan berbagai opsi jumlah sampel menggunakan peta populasi sawah di Kecamatan Denpasar Timur pada bulan Februari 2019. Perbandingan hasil simulasi dianalisis dengan pengujian beda rata-rata MSE dan optimasi biaya pada seluruh desain sampling. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah rancangan sampling menggunakan irregular segment shape dengan 3 (tiga) segmen memberikan tingkat akurasi dan efisien yang lebih baik dibandingkan rancangan sampling dengan kerangka sampel segmen berbentuk persegi.
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Maw, David. ""Trespasser mesure": Meter in Machaut's Polyphonic Songs." Journal of Musicology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 46–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2004.21.1.46.
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Comments by Jacques de Lige suggest that Ars nova notation operated metrically at more than one rhythmic level. This is borne out by Machaut's compositions, the lais in particular. Inconsistencies within and between the two complete editions of Machaut's works in the reductions of note-values used for transcription indicate that the matter has not been fully resolved; uncertainty concerning metrical level in the polyphonic songs is evident in the different barrings of modus-level rhythmic organization. The system of 12 "modes" (mensural types) in the Compendium de discantu mensurabili by Petrus frater dictus Palma Ociosa reveals that meters centering on both "modus" and "tempus" levels were equally part of polyphonic practice in the mid 1330s. Editors have been wary of recognizing the modus level in Machaut's polyphonic songs because of the frequent irregularities in metrical grouping at this level; yet variation in modus is acknowledged by the Ars nova treatises. A full re-evaluation of the presence of modus in Machaut's songs is warranted. Coordinated analysis of rhythmic "layers" (figural grouping, agogic accent, simultaneous attack, and syllabic rhythm) in two ballades (B35 and B25) justifies the irregular modus recognized by both editions and points to an important distinction between mensuration (pertaining to the notation) and meter (pertaining to the rhythmic organization). Figural disposition, varied recurrence of material, and syllabic rhythm provide other criteria for recognizing variable metrical form. A full-scale analysis on these terms reveals the extent and nature of Machaut's use of modus. His technique of metrical variation conforms to four types (phrasal "distension" and "contraction"; cadential "contraction" and "extension"), and ties in with a 14th-century aesthetic viewpoint that attached great significance to "variety." Machaut himself recognized it as a musical corollary of the amorous condition in lyric song ("trespasser mesure," Motet 7). Reassessment of the modus level has consequences for the editorial approach to notae finales, sectional rests, and also for the choice of tempo in performance.
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Bechtel, Ryan D., Erik Wickley-Olsen, Michel C. Boufadel*, James Weaver, and Christopher Barker. "THE MOVEMENT OF OIL AT SEA DUE TO IRREGULAR WAVES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-943.
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ABSTRACT Our previous work investigated the transport of oil under regular waves at sea. This work considered irregular waves represented by a JONSWAP spectrum, which is a more realistic situation. Particle tracking was used in a Monte Carlo framework to evaluate the combined effects of wave kinematics and turbulent diffusion on the transport of oil droplets at sea. The centroids, variance and spreading coefficients of oil spills with various wave parameters were found in this study. Turbulent diffusion was assumed to be velocity-dependent, and an empirical formulation adopted from subsurface hydrology was adopted. Five hundred neutrally-buoyant oil “particles” were placed at the water surface and tracked for 1 hour. The vertical movement of the plume appeared to be comparable to the significant wave height (about one meter herein), and to decrease with depth. The increase in wind fetch caused an increase in transport and spreading of the plume. The results found in this study can be used by spill responders as a first approximation to the spread of a dispersed oil spill, or can be used as parameters as part of a more complex code used to model oil spills.
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Sulaiman, Isnada. "KELIMPAHAN BAKTERI PENDEGRADASI MINYAK BUMI DI PT. INDUSTRI KAPAL INDONESIA (Persero) MAKASSAR Makassar." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Pertanian 5 (March 1, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jptp.v5i0.8558.
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This research is a descriptive study that aims to determine the abundance of marine bacteria at PT. Indonesian Ship Industry (Persero) in degrading petroleum. Water samples were taken from the territorial waters of PT. Indonesian Ship Industry (Persero) Makassar, with sampling points of 1 to 45.7 meters. Then diluted from 10-1 to 10-4, each dilution (10-1-10-4) was inoculated on a minimal solid medium using the pour cup method, the cup was incubated at 28ºC-30ºC for 48 hours. The data obtained are then analyzed using the Standard Plate Count (SPC) formula and then followed by observations of colonies in the form of colonies, color elevations, and internal structure. The results showed that the difference in bacterial abundance at the sampling point of 1 meter to 45.7 meters was the decrease in bacterial abundance from, taking point 3.6 meters to 45.7 meters while the observation of colonies took the form of edge elevation, color and structure in the colony. The results showed that there were colonies which were round, curly, filamentous, and irregular with convex and convex elevations, jagged edges, wavy, and even with a rough and smooth texture. The inner structure is clear, blurred and slippery and has a yellow and white color.
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Wu, Jieli, Haitao Liu, Fengtao Yan, Min Zhou, Bing Zhuo, and Wan Yongjian. "Fast Fabrication of 1.26-Meter-Long Optic for Elliptic Cylindrical Focusing Bending Mirror." EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 09005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921509005.
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As beamline emittance reaching the diffraction limit, the demand for focusing mirrors over one meter in length is ever increasing. Bending mirrors, are competitive for its adjustable radius and high manufacture precision, whose final surface form is managed by a delicate bending of a high precision plane. A special contour plays an essential role and benefits this final touch, given that the computed torque along the length closely correlates with the corresponding width of the optics. However, it poses main challenges with severe edge effect, deformation and metrology to the fabrication of the precursor plane mirror. This paper reports on a fast processing technology for a 1.26-meter-long plane as a bending mirror with irregular shape. A smooth surface with a slope error of 0.67 urad(RMS) and 0.3nm roughness is achieved through deterministic flexible finishing of robot polishing system and annular polishing, providing a high precision and cost-effective method to meet the growing needs for long X-ray mirrors.
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van Woerden, Hugo, Deidre A. Hunter, Eric M. Wilcots, and Jay S. Gallagher. "Extended HI Structures in the Irregular Galaxy NGC 4449." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 1 (1998): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600020153.
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NGC 4449 is a bright (B = 9.5), nearby (4 Mpc) irregular galaxy with a high surface brightness and strong star-formation activity; for photos see Hunter and Gallagher (1989). Using the Effelsberg 100-meter dish, van Woerden et al. (1975) - and later also Bajają et al. (1994) - found its HI distribution to extend, at the level 2 × 1019 atoms cm-2 over a full degree, or ten times the D25 diameter. Van Woerden et al. also mentioned that the HI velocity gradient in this outer disk was opposite to that measured at Westerbork over the innermost 4 arcminutes.With the VLA D-array, we have used a mosaic of 3 × 3 pointings to map the HI at resolutions of 1.0’ and 10 kms-1 over a field (FWHM) of 1° diameter (Hunter et al. 1998). The HI distribution (Fig. 1) shows the following features: 1) a bright inner body, centred on the optical galaxy and dominated by an annulus of 5 kpc diameter; 2) a symmetric elliptical - probably highly inclined - disk of 35 × 15 kpc diameter, with strong condensations at its NE and SW ends; 3) a set of narrow streamers, consisting of straight segments making abrupt angles, and containing several bright clouds. The HI mass in the inner body and elliptical disk together is 12 × 10s Mʘ the streamers (about 7 × 108 Mʘ of HI) are surrounded by a diffuse HI distribution, missed by the VLA interferometers but detected by the Effelsberg single-dish.
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LI, GE, HAIYAN CUI, and LIN CHEN. "ANALYSIS OF 100-METER RAIL TEMPERATURE FIELD DURING COOLING PROCESS BEFORE STRAIGHTENING BY FEM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2009): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209060695.
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The straightness of the 100-meter rail after straightening is directly affected by the bending deformation during cooling before straightening, and the analysis of the temperature field in the cooling process is the basis of studying the bending deformation. By analyzing the heat boundary conditions in the cooling process, the temperature field was calculated and its variable law was analyzed by using the 3-D transient non-liner finite element method. The factors such as the solid-state phase change and the physical parameters with change of the temperature were considered, and the numerical results were coincident with the experimental data. The results show that the velocities of temperature changing at different positions of the rail's cross-section are different in the cooling progress, and the phase change and the irregular cross-section of rail are important influencing factors.
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Afian, Adhe Nur, Supriharyono, and Frida Purwanti. "PENGARUH KEDALAMAN DAN JARAK DARI PANTAI TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN DAN POLA SEBARAN SAND DOLLAR DI PANTAI BARAKUDA PULAU KEMUJAN TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 2, no. 4 (October 29, 2013): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v2i4.4276.
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Sand dollar merupakan kelas Echinoidea dari filum Echinodermata yang memiliki bentuk tubuh irregular yaitu bentuk tubuh bilateral dan pipih atau oval tanpa lengan, duri-duri menutup tubuh. Habitatnya di dasar perairan yang berpasir atau daerah berlumpur.Pantai Barakuda merupakan salah satu pantai di pulau Kemujan yang mempunyai daerah rataan pasir yang luas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis, kelimpahan dan pola sebaran sand dollar di Pantai Barakuda, untuk mengetahui variabel yang paling dominan antara kedalaman, jarak atau keduanya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2013di Pantai Barakuda Pulau Kemujan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei lapangan yang bersifat deskriptif, pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan line transek sepanjang 50 m dan kuadran transek 1x1 m. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengambil 2 stasiun, stasiun A yaitu dengan berjarak 20 meter dari tepi pantai dan stasiun B dengan berjarak berkisar 70 meter dari tepi pantai. Setiap stasiun ditarik 3 line transek yang sejajar dengan pantai sepanjang 50 meter, dengan jarak 10 meter antar line transek. Pengambilan sand dollar didalam kuadran dilakukan pada tiap meter dengan melihat jenis dan jumlahnya. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa menggunakan analisa regresi berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di pantai Barakuda terdapat 14 corak jenis sand dollar (Laganum sp). Pengamatan dan perhitungan yang dilakukan, didapatkan jumlah Laganum sp di stasiun A sebanyak 351 individu, sedangkan pada stasiun B sebanyak 779 individu. Kelimpahan relatifnya terbesar yang didapatkan di pantai Barakuda pada corak jenis corak 1 dan corak 5 sedangkan kelimpahan relatif terkecil adalah corak 12 dan corak 14. Pola sebarannya sebagian besar termasuk mengelompok (clumped) dan beberapa termasuk seragam (uniform). Kelimpahan dan pola sebaran dipengaruhi oleh kedalaman dan jarak.
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Yust, Jason. "Periodicity-Based Descriptions of Rhythms and Steve Reich's Rhythmic Style." Journal of Music Theory 65, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 325–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00222909-9143211.
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Abstract This article demonstrates how to obtain a periodicity-based description of cyclic rhythms using the discrete Fourier transform and applies this to understanding Steve Reich's use of rhythmic canons in a series of works from the early 1970s through the 1990s. The primary analytical tool is the rhythmic spectrum, which omits phase information, but the use of plots that include phase information is also demonstrated in a few instances. The method shows a consistency in Reich's rhythmic language despite experimentations with irregular cycles, which begins with the formulation of his “signature rhythm,” the basic rhythmic pattern of Clapping Music and Music for Pieces of Wood. The article also demonstrates the evolution of Reich's rhythmic experimentation preceding these pivotal pieces, through his “phase” works of the 1960s. It discusses the relationship of the Fourier-based method and concepts of meter, especially nonisochronous meter, maximally even rhythmic patterns, and the potential of rhythmic canons to interlock and make different kinds of combinatorial patterns.
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Cornelius, Ian. "It’s Complicated: Some Irregular Line-Ending Morphosyllabic Sequences in Piers Plowman B." Chaucer Review 58, no. 2 (April 2023): 259–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/chaucerrev.58.2.0259.
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ABSTRACT Recent scholarship on the meter of fourteenth-century English alliterative verse demonstrates that lines end with a trochaic constituent. Piers Plowman is a recognized anomaly, yet there is disagreement about the extent of the differences. In this article, I examine long final dips, the vocalic quality of syllables in the final dip, and the placement of word divisions. Throughout, my focus is on the B version of the poem. I make a survey of lines with a word division after the final lift and of lines ending in -ly adverbs, compounds in -man, compounds in -nesse, nouns in -(i)oun, and gerunds. I compare the frequency of each sequence at the close of the a-verse and b-verse, observing that many individual items skew towards the norms of usage observed in other alliterative poems. Yet, more than other alliterative poets, Langland allows semantic and expository priorities to override prosodic form.
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Mihelac, Lorena, Janez Povh, and Geraint A. Wiggins. "A Computational Approach to the Detection and Prediction of (Ir)Regularity in Children's Folk Songs." Empirical Musicology Review 16, no. 2 (March 7, 2023): 205–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v16i2.8245.
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We examine (ir)regularity in the musical structure of 736 monophonic children's folk songs from 22 European countries, by simulating and detecting (ir)regularity with the computational model, IDyOM, and our own algorithm, Ir_Reg, which classifies melodies according to regularity of their musical structure. IDyOM offers a range of viewpoints which allow observation and prediction of various musical features. We used five viewpoints to measure the information content and entropy of musical events in songs. Analysis across the data shows absence of irregular musical structure in children's folk songs from Croatia, Serbia, Turkey, Portugal, Hungary, and Romania. Conversely, absence of regular structure in children's folk songs was found in Great Britain, Norway and Switzerland. Further analysis of (ir)regularity, by individual country, revealed the importance of patterns repeated at pitch in regular songs, and a higher occurrence of transposed repeated patterns in irregular songs. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows the salience of pitch and pitch intervals in the perception of (ir)regular structure. Neither rhythm nor contour affects the perception of regularity. Recurring pulse/meter and arch-like melodic structure were found in the majority of children's folk songs. The study shows that irregularity exists in children's folk songs, and that this genre can be complex.
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Rahmi, Anisa, Hamdi Rifai, Riza Rahmayuni, Ardilla Nofri Yuwanda, Dwi Anisa Visgun, and Letmi Dwiridal. "Irregular Magnetic Susceptibility Pattern of Iron Sand from Pasia Jambak Beach, Pasia Nan Tigo, Padang, Indonesia." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2309, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2309/1/012027.
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Abstract West Sumatra has the potential of abundant natural resources in the form of iron sand, one of which is located in the Pasia Jambak Beach area, Pasia Nan Tigo, Padang. Basically iron sands have magnetite (Fe3O 4), hematite (α-Fe2O 3), and maghemite (γ-Fe2O 3) which can be used as a mineral of high economic value. However, the iron sand of Pasia Jambak Beach, Pasia Nan Tigo, has no known magnetic mineral. This study aims to investigate the magnetic mineral content of the iron sand of Pasia Jambak Beach, Pasia Nan Tigo, Padang based on its magnetic susceptibility. The variation of the investigated susceptibility value is based on depth. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out using a Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility Meter with a MS2B sensor dual frequency. The results showed that the magnetic susceptibility value of the iron sand of Pasia Jambak Beach, Pasia Nan Tigo, Padang varied based on the depth from 291.1 x 10−8 m3/kg to 12445.5 x 10−8 m3/kg with an average value of 2016.35 x 10−8 m3/kg. Variations in the susceptibility value of iron sand obtained at each depth have changes or variations in the susceptibility value that are irregular or do not have a certain pattern.
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Pritula, Anton, and Peter Zieme. "A Syro-Turkic Poem on Divine Economy Ascribed to Khāmīs." Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 7, no. 2-3 (July 10, 2019): 299–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2212943x-00702005.
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Abstract The text being discussed is found in many manuscripts of the Divan (collection of poems) of an East Syriac poet Khāmīs bar Qardāḥē (late 13th century). The edition demonstrates the discrepancies in rendering glosses in the Turkish stanzas, in contrast to a relative unity of readings in the Syriac ones. To explain these discrepancies, the following pages discuss the lack of consistency in the Turkic Garshuni tradition. In addition, the poem is one of the earliest texts of this group. It should be dated to the period close to the life of Khāmīs, but was not necessarily composed by this poet, since it is absent from the earliest surviving copies. All the Syriac stanzas use quatrains in a 7-7-8-8 meter. Each of them has its own internal rhyme that follows a constant scheme, i.e. in every first, second and and fourth lines of each verse (ааха). In the Turkic stanzas, the verses have an irregular meter that varies from eight to ten syllables. In the Turkic translation of the Syriac original, one finds many syriacisms, such as bar Maryam (the Son of Mary), a stable combination used in the texts. Such a broad use of borrowings, both in vocabulary and syntax, is common for translated religious texts, especially liturgical ones, in which the proximity to the original might have a great importance.
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Fusz, Katalin, Zsuzsanna Kívés, Annamária Pakai, Natália Kutfej, András Deák, and András Oláh. "Health behavior, sleep quality and subjective health status among Hungarian nurses working varying shifts." Work 68, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203366.
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BACKGROUND: Distinctly, shift work is burdensome for nurses and may lead to health problems. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the nursing shift system genres and to analyze the potentially debilitating effects upon sleep quality and the subjective state of physical and mental health when considering varying shift schedules. METHODS: The first cross-sectional study (n = 639) was performed at the Clinical Center at the University of Pécs, and throughout various hospitals in the South-Danubian Region. The Hungarian version of the Bergen Shift Work Sleep Questionnaire, the Berlin Questionnaire and the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale were implemented. In the longitudinal survey (n = 52), the quality of sleep was determined by the ActiGraph GT1M type of activity meter supplemented with a sleep diary. RESULTS: Interestingly, most respondents weight gained among the irregular schedule group (p = 0.004). The nurses working a flexible schedule reportedly slept better (p = 0.003), had a higher sense of coherence (p = 0.013) and exhibited better subjective health status (p = 0.017) than when compared with nurses working irregular shifts. The frequency of psychosomatic complaints aligned with the length of rest periods proved influential (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Admittedly, the irregularity of work schedules is stressful for nurses. Due to the health status of nurses, it is a worthy consideration to establish the least exhausting work schedules.
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Halik, Łukasz, Maciej Smaczyński, and Beata Medyńska-Gulij. "Workflow for 3D geovisualization of the data obtained with the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Augmented Reality." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-105-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The attempt to work out the geomatic workflow of transforming low-level aerial imagery obtained with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) into a digital terrain model (DTM) and implementing the 3D model into the augmented reality (AR) system constitutes the main problem discussed in this article. The authors suggest the following workflow demonstrated in Fig. 1.</p><p>The series of pictures obtained by means of UAV equipped with a HD camera was the source of data to be worked out in the final stage of the geovisualization. The series was then processed and a few point clouds were isolated from it, being later used for generating test 3D models.</p><p>The practical aim of the research conducted was to work out, on the basis of the UAV pictures, the 3D geovisualization in the AR system that would depict the heap of the natural aggregate of irregular shape. The subsequent aim was to verify the accuracy of the produced 3D model. The object of the study was a natural aggregate heap of irregular shape and denivelations up to 11 meters.</p><p>Based on the obtained photos, three point clouds (varying in the level of detail) were generated for the 20&thinsp;000-meter-square area. The several-centimeter differences observed between the control points in the field and the ones from the model might corroborate the usefulness of the described algorithm for creating large-scale DTMs for engineering purposes. The method of transformation of pictures into the point cloud that was subsequently transformed into 3D models was employed in the research, resulting in the scheme depicting the technological sequence of the creation of 3D geovisualization worked out in the AR system. The geovisualization can be viewed thanks to a specially worked out mobile application for smartphones.</p>
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Hidayat, R. Erik, and Boy Isma Putra. "Re-Layout Layout of Material Warehouse Using Dedicated Storage Method at PT. A B C." PROZIMA (Productivity, Optimization and Manufacturing System Engineering) 3, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/prozima.v3i2.1270.
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PT. ABC is one of the companies that consentration in steel construction. The company has an extensive warehouse perfectly adequate. But the problems faced by PT. ABC in warehouse goods product company has no arrangements regarding the layout of raw materials, so at this time to adjust the position of the storage and preparation of raw materials, made by placing the material in an irregular position and randomly depending on the position of the empty warehouse. As a result, the time period of materials so long and the production becomes inhibited. The method used in this research is by using methods dedicated storage. This method is used to minimize time and comparing the activity mileage outgoing or incoming raw materials. From the analysis results obtained value is 8258.77 meter distance. Recommendations for improvement given that create a new layout for the arrangement of raw materials in PT. A B C
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Kundu, Soumya, Naba Kumar Mondal, and Debojyoti Mishra. "Prediction of Road Traffic Noise by CRTN Model in a Sub-Urban Town of India." Global Environmental Engineers 8 (October 29, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2410-3624.2021.08.1.
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Present study was undertaken for assessment of spatial characteristics of road traffic noise at varying intervals viz early morning (8-9 am), late morning (11-12 pm), afternoon (2-3 pm) and evening (6-7 pm) time at ten important locations (near school building) of G. T. Road which is passing through the Burdwan town. Digital noise meter was used for recording the traffic noise and noise contour map was constructed by using Geographical Information System (GIS). The recorded data revealed that the highest and lowest average noise 67.1 dB (A) and 86.9 dB (A), respectively. The results revealed that the performance of the CRTN model in both afternoon and evening time for predicting noise level near school building with a coefficient of determination (R2) are 0.536 and 0.544 and a mean difference of - 1.19 dB (A) and - 0.48 dB (A) between the measured and predicted values respectively. Similarly, Pearson statistics also revealed the strong correlation between measured and predicted noise level at afternoon (r = 0.732, p < 0.016) and evening time (r = 0.744, p < 0.014). However, the predicted traffic noise during early morning and late morning hour are less than 0.5. These low values are due to irregular traffic speed, traffic density and irregular building height are the appropriate reasons for low accuracy in predicting model. Finally, it may be suggested that CRTN model can be a decision tool for predicting equivalent noise level in the city like Burdwan.
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Orike, Sunny, Promise Elechi, and Iboro Asuquo Ekanem. "Assessment and Modeling of GSM Signal Propagation in Uyo, Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.11.502.
Full textAbstract:
High quality of service is a paramount concern in wireless networks. One of the strategies in achieving optimal performance is to use wireless empirical models to predict wireless link quality factors such as path loss and the received power in any given transmission domain with irregular terrain. The primary goal of this study is to develop a radio wave propagation model for Uyo metropolis. An assessment was carried out in three major roads within the city of Uyo in Akwa Ibom State, to determine the quality of GSM signal reception by measuring the signal field strength, magnetic field strength, and power density of the base transceiver stations. The measurements were carried out using radio frequency electromagnetic field strength meter over a distance of 2000 meters from the base stations. The results of the measurements were analysed and a path loss model was developed for Uyo using linear regression model. Three empirical models: Okumura-Hata model, COST-Hata model, and Egli model were also applied in predicting the path loss in Uyo and the results obtained were compared with the developed model for Uyo metropolis. The comparison showed that Route D model had a better comparison factor with the developed model while the Okumura-Hata and COST-Hata were almost the same with more loss as the distance increased. In all the measurements, the standard deviation was between 3.31 dB and 3.36 dB.
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Orike, Sunny, Promise Elechi, and Iboro Asuquo Ekanem. "Assessment and Modeling of GSM Signal Propagation in Uyo, Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.11.502.
Full textAbstract:
High quality of service is a paramount concern in wireless networks. One of the strategies in achieving optimal performance is to use wireless empirical models to predict wireless link quality factors such as path loss and the received power in any given transmission domain with irregular terrain. The primary goal of this study is to develop a radio wave propagation model for Uyo metropolis. An assessment was carried out in three major roads within the city of Uyo in Akwa Ibom State, to determine the quality of GSM signal reception by measuring the signal field strength, magnetic field strength, and power density of the base transceiver stations. The measurements were carried out using radio frequency electromagnetic field strength meter over a distance of 2000 meters from the base stations. The results of the measurements were analysed and a path loss model was developed for Uyo using linear regression model. Three empirical models: Okumura-Hata model, COST-Hata model, and Egli model were also applied in predicting the path loss in Uyo and the results obtained were compared with the developed model for Uyo metropolis. The comparison showed that Route D model had a better comparison factor with the developed model while the Okumura-Hata and COST-Hata were almost the same with more loss as the distance increased. In all the measurements, the standard deviation was between 3.31 dB and 3.36 dB.
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Chupin, Vladimir, Grigory Dolgikh, Stanislav Dolgikh, and Sergey Smirnov. "Study of Free Oscillations of Bays in the Northwestern Part of Posyet Bay." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081005.
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To study the specific features of free surface oscillations in the northwestern part of Posyet Bay (the Sea of Japan), a series of experimental works using an installation with a laser meter for measuring hydrosphere pressure variations were carried out in 2012 and 2014. In the course of the joint analysis, measurement results for oscillations with periods of 10–30 min and the results of calculations using a numerical model of shallow water with a difference approximation on an irregular triangular space grid, datasets of the space–time parameters for the resonance oscillations of the studied water area were obtained. The results of the numerical simulations confirm the manifestation of the resonance properties of Novgorodskaya, Expedicii, and Reyd Pallada Bays water areas on the oscillations singled out during the experimental studies. The positions of the peaks on the model resonance curves are consistent with the positions of the clearly pronounced peaks of the energy spectrum in the field data.
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Girish Babu, K., Kavita Rai, and Amitha Hedge. "Pediatric Liquid Medicaments – Do They Erode The Teeth Surface? An In Vitro Study: Part I." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 32, no. 3 (April 1, 2008): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.32.3.j22m7t8163739820.
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The present study was conducted to investigate the endogenous erosive potential of some of the most commonly used pediatric liquid medicaments in our day to day practice. Eight commonly used pediatric liquid medicaments were selected and their endogenous pH was measured using a pH electrode meter. Twenty four exfoliated or extracted primary teeth without any carious lesion/restorations, maintained in selected pediatric liquid medicaments were observed under SEM after 1 min, 10 mins and 8 hours of time intervals. The pH ranged between 6.05 (Salbutamol) to 6.77 (Paracetamol) which were acidic, whereas Theophylline had a basic pH of 7.71. The irregular pattern of pit –like erosion area were seen in all specimens, varying from site to site and probably depending on the prismatic versus aprismatic nature and composition of the affected enamel. In conclusion, all the pediatric liquid medicaments used in this study showed an erosive effect on the primary enamel surface irrespective of their pH when viewed under SEM.
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Barker, James F. "Volatile Aromatic and Chlorinated Organic Contaminants in Groundwater at Six Ontario Landfills." Water Quality Research Journal 22, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1987.003.
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Abstract Studies of the migration of organic contaminants in shallow aquifers impacted by landfill leachate at six sites in Ontario are reported. Three sites are located on very permeable sand deposits, one on less permeable sand till and two on fractured sedimentary bedrock. The migration rate and persistence of volatile, one-and-two carbon, halogenated hydrocarbons (halocarbons) and volatile aromatic hydrocarbons are emphasized. These compounds are ubiquitous in sanitary landfill leachates and are quite mobile in groundwater. They are at very low concentrations (less than 5 ppb each) at the Borden landfill site, where most waste was burned before landfilling. At the Woolwich site, volatile halocarbons are found at very low concentrations (less than 0.5 ppb each) up to one kilometer from the site, indicating that they may be very mobile and persistent in this aquifer. Attenuation, probably due mainly to dispersion, has resulted in only sub-ppb concentrations persisting beyond two hundred meters of the site. The contaminant plume at North Bay has been discharging to the surface about eight hundred meters from the site for a number of years. Some mobile volatile organics, therefore, are found throughout the plume. Halo-carbons do not persist and some aromatics appear to be undergoing biodegradation as well. For these and other contaminants, dramatic attenuation is observed within the eight hundred meter plume, probably as the result of dispersion. Groundwater velocities in the less-permeable sand and sand till at the new Borden site are much lower than in the other aquifers, so contaminants have only migrated perhaps two hundred meters laterally. Volatile halocarbons may be migrating at the groundwater velocity, while some retardation of aromatics may be occurring. However, the erratic contaminant distribution complicates the consideration of contaminant migration. Contaminant distributions are irregular in fractured bedrock at the Bay-view and Hamilton sites. The irregular and generally low concentration of halocarbons, coupled with the generally-poor background water quality in these bedrock flow systems, makes the definition of the zone of contamination at these sites very difficult. Although these low-porosity carbonate/ shale bedrock systems could distribute leachate contamination through a large volume of rock, it is encouraging to note the rather restricted zone of clearly-impacted groundwater. The major, mobile organic contaminants at the Hamilton site are the volatile aromatic hydrocarbons. Recognition of only-slightly-impacted groundwater at this site is complicated by the occurrence of these organics at ppb levels in apparently uncontaminated, background groundwater. Temporal variations, over weeks and years, are found for all contaminants at these sites. Input from the landfill appears to be temporally variable and so is a major cause of subsequent variations within the leachate plume. The processes of dispersion, which smoothes such variations at some sites (Borden), does not appear to be effective at damping temporal variability along the plume at North Bay nor in the fractured-bedrock systems.
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Nagapriya, S., B. Masin, H. Sreemoolanadhan, M. R. Ajith, Mariamma Mathew, and S. C. Sharma. "Permittivities of Ultra-Low Dielectric Silica Beads and Aerogels." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.444.
Full textAbstract:
Materials with relative permittivity or dielectric constant near to that of air (εr~1) are known as ‘ultra-low k’ materials. They find a number of applications in inter-connects of micro-electronic circuits, antennae, high-speed communication substrates etc. Among the inorganic materials, porous silica is the widely studied candidate. Porous silica can be of many types depending upon the extent of porosity and size and connectivity of pores. This paper presents the details of measurement of permittivities and the results of silica beads and silica aerogels. Silica beads, prepared by microwave heating of silica gels, are spherical beads of average 1mm size. Hydrophobic silica aerogels, prepared by ambient pressure drying of silica gels, are irregular chunks of 5-10 mm size. Both are potential bulk fill insulation materials and hence the permittivity can be measured as an aggregate filling a definite volume. The permittivities of these have been measured upto 1 MHz by 3-terminal method using a precision LCR meter and a powder-paste cell as per ASTM-D150-11. The εr values of silica aerogels and silica beads in 20 Hz-1 MHz range could be measured and are less than 1.6 at 1 MHz.
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Forristall, George Z. "KINEMATICS IN THE CRESTS OF STORM WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.16.
Full textAbstract:
Uncertainty about kinematics in the crests of high waves has prevented random wave simulation from being accepted as a reliable method for computing wave forces for platform design. A theoretically defensible method of calculation for wave crest kinematics has been developed recently. The method produces a potential function which fits the kinematic boundary condition specified by second order wave theory and is thus named the Kinematic Boundary Condition Fitting (KBCF) method. KBCF agreed well with measurements of mechanically generated irregular waves made by a laser Doppler current meter in a wave tank. In order to obtain further data during high, short crested storm waves, instruments for the Fulmar Wave Crest Kinematics (FULWACK) experiment were installed in the North Sea early in November 1981. During a storm later in that month, good velocity measurements at heights up to 25 feet above mean water level were obtained in over 30 waves. For comparison with this data, KBCF was extended to three dimensions. Statistics of the velocities thus simulated agreed well with statistics of the measurements. KBCF has thus been verified as a accurate method for simulating the kinematics of natural storm waves.
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Patterson, C. J., and T. J. Boerboom. "The significance of pre-existing, deeply weathered crystalline rock in interpreting the effects of glaciation in the Minnesota River valley, U.S.A." Annals of Glaciology 28 (1999): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821995.
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AbstractMinnesota is largely underlain by Precambrian crystalline bedrock that was weathered to an average depth of 30 m prior to Late Cretaceous time. The fresh-rock— weathered-rock interface is irregular, with as much as 45 m of relief. Weathering exploited joints, locally isolating meter-sized volumes of rock known as corestones. Variable amounts of residuum were removed through glaciation to leave (1) saprolite overlain by an in-situ Late Cretaceous soil profile; (2) partially eroded saprolite; and (3) undulating fresh rock surfaces (commonly mantled by rounded boulders) that display striae and glacial or fluvial polish.Significant subglacial erosion of fresh bedrock is not required to form smoothly undulating bedrock surfaces with closed depressions; they may also form through removal of weathered bedrock and exposure of the weathering front. Large rounded boulders are not always shaped during transport; they may represent chemically rounded corestones resting at or near the bedrock source.Unambiguous evidence for glacial erosion includes striae and streamlining of bedrock parallel to striae. Polish on rock can be created fluvially, and smoothed grooves and ridges in the rock may be chemically produced. Many rounded boulders found in glacial till and strewn on bedrock surfaces probably originated as corestones.
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Chaisrichonlathan, P., and C. Chavapradit. "Study on rapid measurement technic of dry rubber content in latex cup lump by electrical properties." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1234, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1234/1/012024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Dry rubber content meter is substantial tool for Impartial trade on rubber cup lump. Department of Agriculture researchers proposed rapid measurement technic of dry rubber content in latex cup lumps by their electrical properties. Two probe types needle and roller were designed, in the first phase, constructed, installed and tested. Needle type probe of 25 mm. in length and 5 mm. apart was selected in measuring electrical properties of cup lump samples as its penetration depth is half of the thickness. Two cylindrical rollers probe of 220 mm. in length and 101.6 mm. (4 inches) in diameter powered by 2 HP gear motor were designed, constructed, installed and tested. Rubber cup lump samples were each statistical divided into 9 regularly measuring parts in needle type probe. Rubber cup lump samples in rollers type probe were typically enforced to pass through 1-inch gap between two rollers. Irregular size sample of more than 76.2 mm. (3 inches) thickness of rubber cup were sliced before measuring into 2 equal thickness pieces. Electrical properties of samples were acquired by standard electrical measuring instruments and percentage of dry rubber content were determined by standard oven method for all sample segments. As the results of this study, rubber content percentage of cup lump was correlated with electrical capacitance than resistance. Electrical capacity value of the latex cup lump from needle-type and two roller-type probes were inversely correlated with the percentage of dry rubber content within the range of 0 – 75 nF and 0 – 380 nF and coefficient of determinations were 0.90 and 0.97, respectively. These initiate features will be utilized in designing of percentage of dry rubber content prototype meter by electrical property values in the future. Percentage of dry rubber content from DRC method of lump from fresh latex and conventional cup lump by oven method was significantly correlate. Electrical properties of latex cup lump produced in the laboratory and farmers are also significantly consistent.
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Šolaja, Dragana, Slobodan Miko, Dea Brunović, Nikolina Ilijanić, Ozren Hasan, George Papatheodorou, Maria Geraga, Tatjana Durn, Dimitris Christodoulou, and Ivan Razum. "Late Quaternary Evolution of a Submerged Karst Basin Influenced by Active Tectonics (Koločep Bay, Croatia)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070881.
Full textAbstract:
Koločep bay is a 30 km elongated karst basin located between the Elafiti Islands and the mainland with a NW–SE general direction. The bay lies within the seismically active southern Dalmatia zone. Irregular grid sub-bottom profiles and two legacy reflection seismic profiles have been used to determine the overall morphology of the bay and to establish the seismic stratigraphy of its sedimentary infill. Three major seismic–stratigraphic units have been identified in the upper ~50 m of the ~120-meter-thick sedimentary sequence that lies above the karstified limestone bedrock. The karst polje basin was flooded due to sea-level rise before 12.1 kyr BP. The morphology of the bay implies complex influences of Late Glacial meltwater discharges, aeolian sand deposition, the existence of paleo–ponor/karst spring zones and buried Pleistocene river channels. The Pleistocene seismotectonic units are deformed in the NW and SE parts of the basin. The central part of the basin has no signatures of intensive tectonic activity during the Holocene. A major erosion event was identified that led to the formation of a basin within the older sedimentary infill. In the southern part of the basin, we have evidence of Holocene tectonic activity with the formation of erosional scarps on the seafloor of the bay.
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Pevneva, N. A., D. A. Kondrashov, A. L. Gurskii, and A. V. Gusinsky. "Estimation of S-parameters and dielectric permittivity of quartz ceramics samples in millimeter waveband." Doklady BGUIR 19, no. 7 (November 25, 2021): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2021-19-7-65-71.
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A modified Nicholson – Ross – Weir method was used to determine complex parameters and dielectric permittivity of ceramic materials in the range 78.33–118.1 GHz. The measuring equipment is a meter of complex reflection and transmission coefficients, a waveguide measuring canal with a special measuring cell, consisting of two irregular waveguides and a waveguide chamber between them, which provides insignificant influence of higher-order modes. The dependences of the amplitude and phase of the reflection and transmission coefficients on frequency were obtained experimentally for fluoroplastic and three ceramic samples in the frequency range 78.33–118.1 GHz. The obtained S-parameters are processed according to an algorithm that includes their averaging based on the Fourier transform in order to obtain the values of the dielectric permittivity. Fluoroplastic was used as a reference material with a known dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of fluoroplastic has a stable value of 2.1 in the above mentioned frequency range. The dielectric constant of sample No. 1 varies from 3.6 to 2.5 at the boundaries of the range, sample No. 2 – from 3.7 to 2.1, sample No. 3 – from 2.9 to 1.5. The experimental data are in satisfactory agreement with the literature data for other frequencies taking into account the limits set by the measurement uncertainty.
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Braker, Emily. "Jar-by-Jar: Curation Improvements to the Herpetology Collection at CUMNH." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (July 4, 2018): e25853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25853.
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The University of Colorado Museum of Natural History (CUMNH) Herpetology Collection is comprised of over 65,000 fluid-preserved specimens representing over 2,500 taxa from more than 70 countries. Despite its active use, a history of irregular topping up schedules and a decades-long dearth in rehousing projects due to budgetary constraints left the collection in substandard conditions. A 2015 survey of roughly 10% of the collection revealed average ethanol concentrations far below desired levels, with only 15% of specimen jars surveyed containing optimal preservative strengths of 70% (+/- 2.5%). In Fall 2017, CUMNH secured an Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) grant to holistically address shortcomings in the micro- and macro-storage environments within the Herpetology Collection. Program activities include jar-by-jar ethanol remediation using a digital density meter and a topping up algorithm proposed by Notton 2010, collection-wide replacement of faulty jars and lids, and installation of new static and mobile compactor shelving. Updates to nomenclature and a full specimen inventory including condition and location tracking in Arctos also fall within the project scope. This talk will cover progress thus far, our approaches to moving a collection in place, and systematic remedial topping up as a valuable counterpart to routine monitoring in fluid collections.
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Zhu, Qingjun, Binbin Zhang, Xia Zhao, and Binbin Wang. "Binary Additives Enhance Micro Arc Oxidation Coating on 6061Al Alloy with Improved Anti-Corrosion Property." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020128.
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Given the corrosion tendency of the natural oxide film of aluminum alloys, micro arc oxidation (MAO) treatment is used as an efficient and economic method to enhance the corrosion resistance. However, irregular voids, pores, and micro cracks are easily formed during the MAO process, which are harmful to the anti-corrosion property of MAO coatings. In this paper, binary additives of electrolytes, including (NaPO3)6 and H3BO3, were used to obtain MAO coatings with improved thickness and compact microstructures on 6061 aluminum alloys. The as-prepared coatings were investigated using a thickness meter, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS). The results showed that the coordinated influence of the binary additives could change the discharge behaviors and micro morphologies of the MAO coatings compared to the base silicate electrolyte. A thicker and stronger MAO coating could be achieved, which was mainly composed of Al2O3 phases. The EIS tests revealed that the corrosion current density of the obtained optimal MAO coating decreased by three orders of magnitude from 1.209 × 10−6 A·cm−2 to 2.981 × 10−9 A·cm−2. We believe that the binary additive-enhanced MAO coatings could provide a promising anti-corrosion solution in various applications.
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Tasri, Adek. "Numerical prediction of rotary-kiln foundation temperature at an early age." INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi 22, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v22i1.1008.
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The hydration heat confined to the core of the mass concrete during the hydration reaction causes a temperature rise and irregular temperature distribution in the concrete. High temperatures in concrete cause Delay Ettringite Formation (DEF) that cause damage several years after pouring, especially if the concrete is in an acidic environment. The uneven temperature distribution causes thermal stresses that can initiate cracks in the concrete surface. This article discusses a prediction of temperature distribution inside a mass concrete used as a rotary kiln foundation. We measure the heat of hydration of the concrete sample using an adiabatic calorie meter and derive the heat of hydration equation from the measurement data. The hydration heat was used in numerical calculations to obtain the temperature distribution, maximal temperature and temperature differential. The numerical calculation shows that the maximum foundation temperature was 64.01 0C. This temperature is still below the limit temperature for the occurrence of Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF). The core region has the highest temperature, while the surfaces have the lowest temperature. The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures is 37.40 0C. However, the temperature differential exceeds the safe limit, 20 0C, so heat treatment to prevent cracking needs to be done.
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Li, Shuan, Yinghua Han, Xu Yao, Song Yingchen, Jinkuan Wang, and Qiang Zhao. "Electricity Theft Detection in Power Grids with Deep Learning and Random Forests." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2019 (October 3, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4136874.
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As one of the major factors of the nontechnical losses (NTLs) in distribution networks, the electricity theft causes significant harm to power grids, which influences power supply quality and reduces operating profits. In order to help utility companies solve the problems of inefficient electricity inspection and irregular power consumption, a novel hybrid convolutional neural network-random forest (CNN-RF) model for automatic electricity theft detection is presented in this paper. In this model, a convolutional neural network (CNN) firstly is designed to learn the features between different hours of the day and different days from massive and varying smart meter data by the operations of convolution and downsampling. In addition, a dropout layer is added to retard the risk of overfitting, and the backpropagation algorithm is applied to update network parameters in the training phase. And then, the random forest (RF) is trained based on the obtained features to detect whether the consumer steals electricity. To build the RF in the hybrid model, the grid search algorithm is adopted to determine optimal parameters. Finally, experiments are conducted based on real energy consumption data, and the results show that the proposed detection model outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
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Silva, P. G., M. C. S. Vieira, E. C. S. Vieira, I. F. Silva, and C. J. Ávila. "Vertical Distribution of Euschistus heros in the Leaf Canopy of Soybean Plants." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 4 (March 15, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n4p147.
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The occurrence of phytophagous stink bugs in soybeans can result in production losses, if this pest is not properly controlled. Our objective was to study the vertical distribution (intra-plant) of nymphs and adults of Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the leaf canopy of soybean plants, during the day. For this, fourteen soybean plants located in one meter of row were evaluated in the field, every three hours between 5 am and 8 pm. The sampled plants were divided into three strata (upper, middle, and lower), where nymphs and adults observed were counted in each stratum and sampling period. The treatments consisted of the three strata of the soybean plants and the different sampling points performed at each time of the day represented the repetitions. An irregular distribution of E. heros nymphs and adults was observed in the three studied strata of soybean plants, during the day. At 11 am and 2 pm, when the ambient temperature and solar radiation were highest, both the E. heros adults and the nymphs positioned preferentially on the upper stratum of the soybean plants and later migrated to the middle and lower strata when the temperature and solar radiation decreased. This information about the distribution pattern of E. heros in the soybean leaf canopy, during the day, provides knowledge for more effective monitoring and control of this pest in soybean crop.
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Setianingsih, Tutik, Danar Purwonugroho, and Yuniar Ponco Prananto. "Influence of Pyrolysis Parameters Using Microwave toward Structural Properties of ZnO/CNS Intermediate and Application of ZnCr2O4/CNS Final Product for Dark Degradation of Pesticide in Wet Paddy Soil." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (September 3, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030058.
Full textAbstract:
Pesticide is a pollution problem in agriculture. The usage of ZnCr2O4/CNS and H2O2 as additive in liquid fertilizer has potency for catalytic pesticide degradation. Colloid condition is needed for easy spraying. Rice husk and sawdust were used as carbon precursor and ZnCl2 as activator. The biomass–ZnCl2 mixtures were pyrolyzed using microwave (400–800 W, 50 min). The products were dispersed in water by blending then evaporated to obtain ZnO/CNS. The composites were reacted with KOH, CrCl3·6H2O, more ZnCl2, and little water by microwave (600 W, 5 min). The ZnCr2O4/CNS and H2O2 were used for degradation of buthylphenylmethyl carbamate (BPMC) in wet deactivated paddy soil. TOC was measured using TOC meter. The FTIR spectra of the ZnO/CNS composites indicated the completed carbonization except at 800 W without ZnCl2. The X-ray diffractograms of the composites confirmed ZnO/CNS structure. SEM images showed irregular particle shapes for using both biomass. ZnCr2O4/CNS structure was confirmed by XRD as the final product with crystallite size of 74.99 nm. The sawdust produced more stable colloids of CNS and ZnO/CNS composite than the rice husk. The pyrolysis without ZnCl2 formed more stable colloid than with ZnCl2. The ZnCr2O4/CNS from sawdust gave better dark catalytic degradation of BPMC than from rice husk, i.e., 2.5 and 1.6 times larger for 400 and 800 W pyrolysis, respectively.
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Dauer, M., A. Wolfbauer, T. Seidlhofer, and U. Hirn. "Shear modulus of single wood pulp fibers from torsion tests." Cellulose 28, no. 12 (July 3, 2021): 8043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04027-x.
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AbstractThe shear modulus of pulp fibers is difficult to measure and only very little literature is available on this topic. In this work we are introducing a method to measure this fiber property utilizing a custom built instrument. From the geometry of the fiber cross section, the fiber twisting angle and the applied torque, the shear modulus is derived by de Saint Venant’s theory of torsion. The deformation of the fiber is applied by a moving coil mechanism. The support of the rotating part consists of taut bands, making it nearly frictionless, which allows easy control of the torque to twist the fiber. A permanent magnet moving coil meter was fitted with a sample holder for fibers and torque references. Measurements on fine metal bands were performed to validate the instrument. The irregular shape of the fibers was reconstructed from several microtome cuts and an apparent torsion constant was computed by applying de Saint Venant’s torsion theory. Fibers from two types of industrial pulp were measured: thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and Kraft pulp. The average shear modulus was determined as (2.13 $${\pm }$$ ± 0.36) GPa for TMP and (2.51 $${\pm }$$ ± 0.50) GPa for Kraft fibers, respectively. The TMP fibers showed a smaller shear modulus but, due to their less collapsed state, a higher torsional rigidity than the kraft fibers.
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D., Malarvizhi, Gayathri G.V, and Mohammed Aamir P.N. "Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Children with Multiple Neurological Disorder." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 2117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2093.
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A neurological disorder is a, structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain or spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Neurological disorders include mental retardation, cerebralpalsy, autism and down’ syndrome. Children with neurological disorders have a high incidence of respiratory problems. Many children with cerebral palsy have scoliosis, an irregular curvature of spine that can interfere with lungs ability to expand. Genetic condition including cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy can be associated with congenital airway abnormalities. The aim of the study is to find out peak expiratory flow rate in children with multiple neurological disorder. Study design non-experimental,15 subjects with age group of 7-17years was selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.(subjects:3-cerebral palsy,3-down syndrome,2-autism,7-mental retardation) were selected Maithree special school, East Tambaram. An informed consent was obtained from the parents and children with detailed explanation of the procedure. First the participant was asked to breath in and breath out normally and then breath in deeply as much as possible followed by quick expiration to the maximum into the device. Three trials have been done and best of the three is adopted as PEFR. The value on the meter was monitored and recorded. The training was stopped whenever the subject feels dizziness. The data on height, age, sex, weight, were registered. The peak expiratory flow rate of normal children ranges from 182-565 l/min.The mean value of PEFR in children with multiple neurological disorder was found to be cerebral palsy-121 l/ min, Down’s syndrome-130 l/min, autism-77.5 l/min, mentally retarded-145 l/min. For the data, complete action of PEFR measurement were performed in children with multiple neurological disorder. The PEFR values clearly depicts that the children with multiple neurological disorder have decreased PEFR. Our findings confirm that the peak expiratory flow meter is a well functioning instrument for measuring PEFR in children, giving reliable results, and an inexpensive tool. The study conclude that there was a decreased PEFR in children with cerebral palsy, down’s syndrome, autism and mentally retarded. The study was made simple and this can be done by giving interventions like respiratory muscle training.
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Downs, Robert J. "Rules for Using the International System of Units." HortScience 23, no. 5 (October 1988): 811–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.5.811.
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Abstract Articles concerning the International System of Units have appeared in several plant science journals (4–6, 8, 9, 11). However, a cursory glance through leading American plant science journals, including HortScience and the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, reveals that, while everyone is using the metric system, a large number of authors are not following the rules inherent in the International System of Units, commonly called SI. Metrics without SI is not much improvement over the firkin, barrel, and chain; failure to use the International System of Units simply changes the chaos of units from the fps (foot–pound–second) to the mks (meter–kilogram–second) system. Many examples of irregular units could be cited, including mg CO2·dm–2·hr–1, g H2O·dm–2·hr–1, or their variations µmol CO2·s–1·m–2 and mmol H2O·s–1·m–2. Similar errors are noted in units like MT/ha, µg P/g soil, mg/100 g FW, mg·1000 cc–1, and some rare ones such as ml/kg/hr. It seems reasonable to assume that the authors of the above units are not familiar with SI rules, chiefly because these rules have not been published in journals they customarily read. Therefore, publication of rules to follow when using SI terms should prove a useful addition to Savage's discussion of SI (10) and the efforts of ASHS committees to establish standards for reporting (5, 6).
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Chen, Zeng, Sangeen Khan, Muhammad Abbas, Shah Nazir, and Kifayat Ullah. "Enhancing Healthcare through Detection and Prevention of COVID-19 Using Internet of Things and Mobile Application." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (November 16, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5291685.
Full textAbstract:
The main symptoms of COVID-19 are high temperature, throat infection, and irregular heartbeat. An integrated wearable device has been presented in this paper for the measurement of temperature and heartbeat in real time using different sensors and NodeMCU ESP8266. For temperature, the DHT11 sensor is used and, for heartbeat, the pulse sensor is used. After reading the data from the sensors processed by NodeMCU ESP8266, it is sent to the firebase database using wireless connection (Wi-Fi module). From the database, the data are displayed in an android application. On the basis of certain conditions of the data, the user as well as the administrator is notified regarding the user’s current health. For the social distancing, an ultrasonic sensor is used. The sensor will warn the user, if he/she is in close contact with someone within a specified distance. The user’s current location is also tracked using the location services of android. A module named COVID-meter, based on the disease.sh-Open Disease Data API, was also included in the research for reading of real-time data of different countries related to COVID-19 like total cases, total deaths, total recovered patients, and so on. The proposed device can be used in both populated and rural areas, but in rural areas it will be much more important because people are unable to reach a doctor on time; thus, they can check their health conditions remotely using the proposed device.
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Danang Wijanarko. "ANALISIS LALU LINTAS KENDARAAN TERHADAP KAPASITAS JALAN DI KOTA MALANG (STUDI KASUS JALAN VETERAN, KOTA MALANG)." JURNAL DAKTILITAS 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36563/daktilitas.v1i2.441.
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Abstract Veteran Malang road is one of the roads in the center of Malang City, whose trafficconditions are dense and irregular, especially during peak hours and frequent traffic jams thatcan affect road user delays and safety. The purpose of this study is to focus on evaluatingtraffic on the Veteran Malang road and analyzing traffic capacity. The results of this study arethe traffic conditions on Jalan Veteran Malang based on the analysis, it is known that JalanVeteran Malang is a two-lane two-way divided with a width of 6 meters, has sidewalks androad shoulders and high Average Daily Traffic (pcu/hour). occurred at Pos 1 at 07.00 – 08.00WIT at 1,845 smp/hour and the lowest occurred at Pos 2 at 15.00 – 16.00 WB at 1.341smp/hour. The traffic capacity of the Veterans Malang road is now known at post 1 and post 2from 06.00 – 18.00 at 2958 smp/hour, which means it is almost saturated. This data can beseen from the degree of saturation of 0.66 at heading 1 and 0.73 at heading 2. Keywords: Degree of saturation; traffic volume; road performance;AbstrakJalan Veteran Malang merupakan jalan salah satu jalan di pusat Kota Malang, yang kondisi lalu lintasnya tersebut padat dan tidak teratur terlebih pada saat jam sibuk dan seringterjadi kemacetan yang dapat mempengaruhi keterlambatan pengguna jalan dan keselamatan.Tujuan dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada evaluasi lalu lintas di jalan Veteran Malang danmenganalisa kapasitas lalu lintas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kondisi lalu lintas di jalanVeteran Malang berdasarkan analisa diketahui yaitu di Jalan Veteran Malang merupakan dualajur dua arah terbagi dengan lebar 6 meter, memiliki Trotoar dan bahu jalan dan Lalu LintasHarian Rata-rata (smp/jam) yang tinggi terjadi di Pos 1 pada jam 07.00 – 08.00 Wib sebesar1.845 smp/jam dan paling rendah terjadi pada Pos 2 jam 15.00 – 16.00 Wib sebesar 1.341smp/jam. Kapasitas lalu lintas jalan Veteran Malang sekarang diketahui pada pos 1 dan pos 2dari jam 06.00 – 18.00 sebesar 2958 smp/jam yang artinya hampir jenuh. Pada data tersebutterlihat dari angka derajat kejenuhan sebesar 0,66 pada pos 1 dan 0,73 pada pos 2.Kata kunci: Derajat kejenuhan; volume lalu lintas; kinerja jalan;
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Sheema, Mariyam, and B. Prashanth. "Bilateral Exudative Retinal Detachment Secondary to Malignant Hypertension – A Case Report." International Journal of Preclinical and Clinical Research 3, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51131/ijpccr/v3i4.22.49.
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To report a case of bilateral exudative retinal detachment secondary to malignant hypertension. Hypertension has been identified as a major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. A 29-year-old female presented with sudden onset painless loss of vision in both eyes since a day. Known case of hypertension for 6 months on irregular medication. On examination vision of the right eye was hand movement with no pinhole improvement, and on left eye it was counting finger 2 meter with no pin hole improvement. Intraocular pressure of both eyes was normal. Anterior segment examination of right eye was normal except relative afferent pupillary defect. Anterior segment of left eye was normal. Fundus examination - Bilateral disc swelling with inferior retinal detachment extending 4 to 7 clock hours with flame shaped haemorrhages and cotton wool spots over blood vessels with AV crossings with dull foveal reflex. OCT showed bilateral exudative detachment of sensory retina. BP -150/100 mmhg. Further investigation found to have acute renal failure, requiring urgent dialysis, and patient was started on dialysis. 3weeks after blood control was acheived ,visual acquity improved to 6/18 BE with exudative retinal detachment in both eyes resolved by its own except with few residual haemorrhages. Accelerated HTN may precipitate bilateral exudative retinal detachment in patient with acute renal failure in young adults. Bilateral exudative retinal detachment is a catostropic event which results in devastating vision loss within very short time span. Timely intervention may save the vision loss and renal failure. Keywords: Hypertensive retinopathy, Exudative retinal detachment, OCT
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Qu, Xiaobin, Yingxue Yao, and Jianjun Du. "Conceptual Design and Hydrodynamic Performance of a Modular Hybrid Floating Foundation." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 14, 2021): 7605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227605.
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The comprehensive utilization of offshore renewable energies is an effective way to solve the intermittency and variability of power supply. This paper aims to present a hybrid floating system (HFS) based on a modular buoyancy-distributed floating foundation (BDFF) that can be equipped with a horizontal-axis wind turbine, solar panels, and wave energy converters (WEC). A simplified test model with a Froude scale ratio of 1/10 is employed to perform the experiments in a deep-water basin to validate the numerical results computed from the code program ANSYS AQWA based on the potential flow theory. The Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) under regular waves are compared to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance. There is a good agreement in the surge, pitch, and heave RAOs for experiments and the numerical simulation, with a maximum of 6.45 degrees per meter for the pitch motion. Furthermore, the mooring tensions in the time domain are analyzed under different wave conditions.The tension RAOs from simulations are slightly higher than those from measurements with a maximum value at the period of 3.416 s. The mooring line on the windward side has a more considerable mooring tension that is far less than the allowable tensile strength, especially under the wave height of 2 m and the wave period of 2.873 s. The influence of loaded weight representing solar panels is weak, and the impact of winds is acceptable, as the platform deviates 1.3 degrees from the equilibrium state under the test wind speed. Eventually, the effect of irregular waves on the HFS is presented with the critical parameters of mooring tension and pitch motion. The results show that the HFS has a good motion performance.
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Hendrawan, Doni, and Dewi Shofi Mulyati. "Usulan Perancangan Ulang Tata Letak Fasilitas dengan Metode Algoritma Corelap di CV. X." Bandung Conference Series: Industrial Engineering Science 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsies.v1i1.8.
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Abstract. Facility layout design is a part of facility design that focuses more on setting physical elements. These physical elements can be machines, equipment, tables, buildings, and so on. Rules or regulatory logic can be in the form of determining the objective function, such as the total distance or the total cost of moving goods. Good design cannot be separated from the design of a good facility layout, starting from the layout, material flow and company production processes that are well structured so that it will produce effectiveness and efficiency in the company. Good layout planning will provide many benefits for the company and maintain the survival or success of a company. CV. X is a company engaged in engineering that produces civil lab equipment. The problems with this company are that the layout has not been arranged neatly, work stations that have close relationships are still far apart, the flow of the production process is irregular, the distance between machines is not too wide. In addition, the finished material warehouse is located in front of the production area close to the entrance and exit gate so that it interferes with the entry and exit of people. The purpose of this study is to be able to identify and analyze the layout of the production floor used and determine the proposed layout to minimize the distance of material transfer. In this study, the method used is the Computerized Relationship Layout Planning (CORELAP) algorithm with the help of CORELAP 1.0 software. The results obtained after the study showed that the displacement distance in the initial layout was 369.5 meters of displacement/product, while the proposed layout resulted in a displacement of 320.5 meters of displacement/product. The results of the study showed that the proposed layout was able to increase the efficiency of material/product transfer distances by 13.3% and resulted in a better material flow pattern for the company. The analysis is carried out by comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of the path flow and the resulting material transfer between the initial layout and the proposed layout.
Abstrak. Perancangan tata letak fasilitas merupakan bagian perancangan fasilitas yang lebih fokus pada pengaturan unsur fisik. Unsur fisik ini dapat berupa mesin, peralatan, meja, bangunan, dan sebagainya. Aturan atau logika pengaturan dapat berupa ketetapan fungsi tujuan misalnya total jarak atau total biaya perpindahan barang. Perancangan yang baik tak lepas dari perancangan tata letak failitas yang baik juga mulai dari tata letak, aliran material serta proses produksi perusahaan yang tersusun dengan baik sehingga akan menghasilkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pada perusahaan. Perencanaan tata letak yang baik akan memberikan banyak manfaat bagi perusahaan serta menjaga keberlangsungan hidup atau keberhasilan suatu perusahaan. CV. X merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang teknik yang memproduksi peralatan lab sipil. Permasalahan yang dihadapi perusahaan yaitu belum tersusunnya layout dengan rapih, stasiun kerja yang memiliki hubungan erat masih berjauhan, aliran proses produksi tidak beraturan, jarak antar mesin tidak terlalu luas. Selain itu gudang bahan jadi terletak didepan area produksi dekat dengan pintu gerbang keluar masuk sehingga mengganggu keluar masuknya orang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk dapat mengetahui serta menganalisis tata letak lantai produksi yang digunakan serta menentukan layout usulan untuk meminimalisir jarak perpindahan bahan. Pada penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah algoritma Computerized Relationship Layout Planning (CORELAP) dengan bantuan Software CORELAP 1.0. Hasil penelitian yang di dapatkan setelah penelitian bahwa jarak perpindahan pada layout awal sebesar 369,5 meter perpindahan/produk, sedangkan untuk layout usulan menghasilkan jarak perpindahan sebesar 320,5 meter perpindahan/produk. Hasil dari penelitian didapat bahwa tata letak yang diusulkan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi jarak perpindahan bahan/produk sebesar 13,3% dan menghasilkan pola aliran material yang lebih baik bagi perusahaan. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan efektivitas dan efisiensi dari aliran lintasan dan pemindahan material yang dihasilkan antara tataletak awal dan tataletak usulan.
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Chen, Jiaren, Hai Wu, Xuan Zhang, Xu Gao, Tao Ling, and Zizheng Zhang. "Experimental Study of the Plastic Zone and Stress Asymmetric Distribution in Roadway Layered Surrounding Rocks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 6108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126108.
Full textAbstract:
A three-axis experimental simulation model was established for a roadway with layered surrounding rock by a 20 MPa true triaxial analog simulation equipment, and the corresponding layered surrounding rock numerical simulation model was established by discrete element software. The simulation results showed that the deformation of the roadway layered surrounding rock showed asynchronous deformation with time and asymmetric deformation in space. The measured results of the multipoint displacement meter inside the surrounding rock showed that the order of displacement of surrounding rock from the four corners of the roadway to the center of the roadway were upper right, lower left, upper left, and lower right. Under the influence of the surrounding rock bedding, the shape of the plastic zone of the roadway surrounding rock was irregular. In the area where the rock layer and the surface of the roadway were tangent and in the vertical area between the rock layer and the surface of the roadway, the plastic zone had a large development depth. In other regions, the development depth of the plastic zone was smaller. As a result, the stress values obtained at the monitoring points in the surrounding rock at the same distance from the roadway surface were different, and the stress increase value of the monitoring points in the plastic zone was not large (No. 929). With the expansion of the plastic zone, the monitoring point change from outside the plastic zone to inside the plastic zone, its stress first increased and then decreased (No. 2 and No. 872). The experimental results are of great significance for understanding and controlling the development law of the plastic zone of a layered inclined rock roadway and the deformation control of the roadway layered surrounding rock.
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Franz, Gerhard, Peter Lyckberg, Vladimir Khomenko, Vsevolod Chournousenko, Hans-Martin Schulz, Nicolaj Mahlstedt, Richard Wirth, Johannes Glodny, Ulrich Gernert, and Jörg Nissen. "Fossilization of Precambrian microfossils in the Volyn pegmatite, Ukraine." Biogeosciences 19, no. 6 (March 31, 2022): 1795–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1795-2022.
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Abstract. We report on Precambrian microfossils from igneous rocks of the Volyn pegmatite district, associated with the Paleoproterozoic Korosten pluton, northwestern Ukraine. The fossils were recovered from meter-sized miarolitic cavities and show a well-preserved 3D morphology, mostly filamentous but with a large variety of types and also in irregular, flaky shapes reminiscent of former biofilms, as well as rare spherical objects. Based on literature data, pyrolysis experiments, and reflected light microscopy results, the organic matter (OM) is characterized as (oxy-)kerite. Further investigations with microscopic techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis show that fossilization likely occurred during a hydrothermal, post-pegmatitic event by silicification dominantly in the outermost 1–2 µm of the microfossils. The hydrothermal fluid, derived from the pegmatitic environment, was enriched in SiF4, Al, Ca, Na, K, Cl, and S. The OM shows O enrichment in which N and S content is low, indicating simultaneous N and S loss during anaerobic oxidation. Mineralization with Al silicates starts at the rim of the microfossils, continuing in its outer parts into identifiable encrustations and intergrowths of clay minerals, feldspar, Ca sulfate, Ca phosphate, Fe sulfide, and fluorite. Breccias, formed during collapse of some the miarolitic cavities, contain decaying OM, which released high concentrations of dissolved NH4+, responsible for the late-stage formation of tobelite-rich muscovite and buddingtonite. The age of the fossils can be restricted to the time between the pegmatite formation, at ∼1.760 Ga, and the breccia formation at ∼1.49 Ga. As the geological environment for the growth of the microorganisms and fossilization, we assume a geyser system in which the essential biological components C, N, S, and P for growth of the organisms in the miarolitic cavities were derived from microorganisms at the surface. Fossilization was induced by magmatic SiF4-rich fluids. The Volyn occurrence is a distinct and uncommon example of Precambrian fossils, and the results underline the importance of cavities in granitic rocks as a possible habitat for microorganisms preserved in the deep biosphere.