Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Irregular Design'
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1
LUSTOSA, MAURO QUILES DE OLIVEIRA. "IRREGULAR REPEAT ACCUMULATE CODES: DESIGN AND EVALUATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32617@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Os códigos IRA (Irregular Repeat-Accumulate) são uma classe de códigos criada com o objetivo de permitir codificação em tempo linear garantindo comunicação robusta a taxas próximas à capacidade do canal. Eles foram introduzidas por Jin, Khandekar and McEliece em 2000. O artigo no qual foram apresentados provou que os códigos IRA alcançavam a capacidade do canal de apagamento e mostravam desempenho cmparável ao dos códigos Turbo no canal AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise). Os desenvolvimentos teóricos por trás dos códigos IRA vieram da busca pelos primeiros códigos LDPC (Low Density Parity Check), ou códigos em grafos, que atingiriam a capacidade do canal AWGN. Os códigos LDPC - propostos originalmente por Robert Gallager em 1963 - se tornaram objeto de grande interesse nas últimas décadas após um longo período de ostracismo desde sua concepção, desenvolvendo seu potencial para codificação de canal em aplicações tão diversas quanto comunicações por satélite, redes sem fio e streaming via IP, bem como codificação distribuída de fonte. O objetivo desta dissertação é a avaliação dos códigos IRA e os efeitos de diferentes métodos de construção de grafos em seu desempenho. O uso das muitas variações do algoritmo PEG (Progressive Edge-Growth) foi testado em simulações no canal AWGN.
Irregular Repeat-Accumulate codes are motivated by the challenge of providing a class of codes that use linear-time encoding and decoding while communicating reliably at rates close to channel capacity. They were introduced by Hui Jin, Khandekar and McEliece in 2000, their article proves that IRA codes achieve channel capacity for the binary erasure channel and exhibit remarkably good performance on the AWGN channel. The theoretical developments supporting IRA codes stem from the efforts ar the development of capacity achieving Low-Density Parity-Check codes. LDPC codes were first proposed by Robert Gallager in 1963 and became the subject of intense research during the past decade after being dormant for a long period since its conception. Efforts by many researchers have developed its potential for channel coding in applications as diverse as satellite communications, wireless networks and streaming over IP, as well as studies on its usage in Distributed Source Coding. The goal of this dissertation is the evaluation of IRA codes and the effects of different graph construction methods in its performance. The use of the many variations of the Progressive Edge-Growth algorithm with IRA codes was tested in simulations on the AWGN channel.
2
Das, Satrajit. "Seismic Design of Vertically Irregular Reinforced Concrete Structures." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20000820-165307.
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Seismic building codes, such as the Uniform Building Code (UBC) do not allow the equivalent lateral force (ELF) procedure to be used for structures with vertical irregularities. The UBC defines a structure to be irregular based on the ratio of magnitudes of either strength, stiffness, mass, setback or offset of one floor to that of an adjacent floor. The criteria defining the limits of irregularity are somewhat arbitrary, but are introduced in the code to provide unambiguous, enforceable provisions. The purpose of this study is to quantify the definition of irregular structures for four different vertical irregularities - stiffness, strength, mass and nonstructural masonry infills. A total of 87 building structures with interstory stiffness and strength ratios ranging from 0.09 to 1.89 and 0.27 to 1.07, respectively, and mass ratios of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 are considered for a detailed parametric study. The lateral force resisting systems (LFRS) considered are special moment resisting frames and shear walls. These LFRS's are designed based on the forces obtained from the equivalent lateral force procedure. An ELF) analysis. Finally, nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed in order to assess the seismic performance of these buildings. The results show that the restrictions on the applicability of the equivalent lateral force procedure are unnecessarily conservative for irregular structures. Most structures considered in this study, designed on the basis of the ELF approach, perform reasonably well. In some cases, however, there is an initiation of an undesirable collapse mechanism. It is recommended that capacity based criteria in the design phase be appropriately used in the vicinity of the irregularity in order to ensure desired performance and behavior.
3
Rios, Erick E. (Erick Eladio) 1978. "Welding fixture design for irregular profile metal bellows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9049.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 23).
A general design is presented that can be used to weld Metal bellows of any shape. The bellows are made of thin stainless diaphragms welded together. Currently there is no established method for welding non-circular bellows that is both low cost and reliable. This thesis addresses some of the issues with the current welding systems providing solutions to each in a integrated design. The new concepts can be implemented with minor modifications to a whole range of bellow sizes and shapes.
by Erick E. Rios.
S.B.
4
Merzougui, T. "Design of digital controllers for irregular linear multivariable plants." Thesis, University of Salford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308206.
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Amarnath, Avinash. "A Self-Configurable Architecture on an Irregular Reconfigurable Fabric." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/634.
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Reconfigurable computing architectures combine the flexibility of software with the performance of custom hardware. Such architectures are of particular interest at the nanoscale level. We argue that a bottom-up self-assembled fabric of nodes will be easier and cheaper to manufacture, however, one has to make compromises with regards to the device regularity, homogeneity, and reliability. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the performance and cost of a self-configurable computing architecture composed of simple reconfigurable nodes for unstructured and unknown fabrics. We built a software and hardware framework for this purpose. The framework enables creating an irregular network of compute nodes where each node can be configured as a simple 2-input, 4-bit logic gate. The compute nodes are organized hierarchically by sending a packet through a top anchor node that recruits compute nodes with a chemically-inspired algorithm. The nodes are then self-configured by means of a gate-level netlist describing any digital logic circuit. A topology-agnostic optimization algorithm inspired by simulated annealing is then initiated to self-optimize the circuit for latency. Latency comparisons between non-optimized, brute-force optimized and our optimization algorithm are made. We further implement the architecture in VHDL and evaluate hardware cost, area, and energy consumption. The simple on-chip topology-agnostic optimization algorithm we propose results in a significant (up to 50\%) performance improvement compared to the non-optimized circuits. Our findings are of particular interest for emerging nano and molecular-scale circuits.
6
Xie, Huizhi. "Some contributions to latin hypercube design, irregular region smoothing and uncertainty quantification." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44770.
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In the first part of the thesis, we propose a new class of designs called multi-layer sliced Latin hypercube design (DSLHD) for running computer experiments. A general recursive strategy for constructing MLSLHD has been developed. Ordinary Latin hypercube designs and sliced Latin hypercube designs are special cases of MLSLHD with zero and one layer respectively. A special case of MLSLHD with two layers, doubly sliced Latin hypercube design, is studied in detail. The doubly sliced structure of DSLHD allows more flexible batch size than SLHD for collective evaluation of different computer models or batch sequential evaluation of a single computer model. Both finite-sample and asymptotical sampling properties of DSLHD are examined. Numerical experiments are provided to show the advantage of DSLHD over SLHD for both sequential evaluating a single computer model and collective evaluation of different computer models. Other applications of DSLHD include design for Gaussian process modeling with quantitative and qualitative factors, cross-validation, etc. Moreover, we also show the sliced structure, possibly combining with other criteria such as distance-based criteria, can be utilized to sequentially sample from a large spatial data set when we cannot include all the data points for modeling. A data center example is presented to illustrate the idea. The enhanced stochastic evolutionary algorithm is deployed to search for optimal design.
In the second part of the thesis, we propose a new smoothing technique called completely-data-driven smoothing, intended for smoothing over irregular regions. The idea is to replace the penalty term in the smoothing splines by its estimate based on local least squares technique. A close form solution for our approach is derived. The implementation is very easy and computationally efficient. With some regularity assumptions on the input region and analytical assumptions on the true function, it can be shown that our estimator achieves the optimal convergence rate in general nonparametric regression. The algorithmic parameter that governs the trade-off between the fidelity to the data and the smoothness of the estimated function is chosen by generalized cross validation (GCV). The asymptotic optimality of GCV for choosing the algorithm parameter in our estimator is proved. Numerical experiments show that our method works well for both regular and irregular region smoothing.
The third part of the thesis deals with uncertainty quantification in building energy assessment. In current practice, building simulation is routinely performed with best guesses of input parameters whose true value cannot be known exactly. These guesses affect the accuracy and reliability of the outcomes. There is an increasing need to perform uncertain analysis of those input parameters that are known to have a significant impact on the final outcome. In this part of the thesis, we focus on uncertainty quantification of two microclimate parameters: the local wind speed and the wind pressure coefficient. The idea is to compare the outcome of the standard model with that of a higher fidelity model. Statistical analysis is then conducted to build a connection between these two. The explicit form of statistical models can facilitate the improvement of the corresponding modules in the standard model.
7
Bardak, Erinc Deniz. "Design And Performance Of Capacity Approaching Irregular Low-density Parity-check Codes." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611084/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, design details of binary irregular Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are investigated. We especially focus on the trade-off between the average variable node degree, wa, and the number of length-6 cycles of an irregular code. We observe that the performance of the irregular code improves with increasing wa up to a critical value, but deteriorates for larger wa because of the exponential increase in the number of length-6 cycles. We have designed an irregular code of length 16,000 bits with average variable node degree wa=3.8, that we call &lsquo2/3/13&rsquo
since it has some variable nodes of degree 2 and 13 in addition to the majority of degree-3 nodes. The observed performance is found to be very close to that of the capacity approaching commercial codes. Time spent for decoding 50,000 codewords of length 1800 at Eb/No=1.6 dB for an irregular 2/3/13 code is measured to be 19% less than that of the regular (3, 6) code, mainly because of the smaller number of decoding failures.
8
Wu, Ruizhe. "Performance-Driven Communication Architecture Design in Irregular, Overlaid and Hybrid Mesh Wireless NoC." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3622964.
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With the scaling of silicon technology, multi-processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoC) are moving towards many-core structures with distributed architecture where a number of processing cores with memory are interconnected by a high-speed on chip communication network to support advanced computing trends such as tera scale computing. Due to the stringent performance and power limitation, the state-of-the-art shared bus and point-to-point connections have been shown unable to supply nano scale MPSoCs (where hundreds or even thousands of cores are embedded) with both sufficient bandwidth and low latency. Network-on-Chips (NoCs) are emerging as an alternative communication platform for complex MPSoCs. In this work, we presents three novel WiNoC architectures based on UWB technology. We provide comprehensive designs, which includes Medium Access Control layer, Network layer, and modeling scheme. The implementation includes the lossless MAC, deadlock free routing algorithm, and unique simulator. Our work does not just include the pure WiNoC but also hybrid architecture. The results provides new architecture directions for wireless network on chip.
9
Young, Kelly Christine. "An Investigation of the Fundamental Period of Vibration of Irregular Steel Structures." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316473829.
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Montoya, Coronado Luis Alberto. "A direct performance based seismic design method for irregular structures : applications to concrete structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404337.
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El diseño de estructuras para satisfacer niveles prestacionales, o de desempeño específico ha ganado interés en la ingeniería sismo resistente. Actualmente, existen varias metodologías de diseño sísmico basadas en prestaciones, en las cuales se intenta tener en cuenta el comportamiento no-lineal en las fases de diseño, controlando el nivel de daño y la demanda de resistencia a rotaciones concretas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los métodos tienen procesos iterativos, que dependen, en algunos casos, de la experiencia del proyectista. Por otro lado, muchos están basados en el concepto de sistemas equivalentes de un grado de libertad, el cual es adecuado sólo para estructuras con esquema regular.
En esta tesis se desarrolla un método de diseño sísmico basado en prestaciones (o desempeño) para estructuras irregulares con control de daño. Este método se basa en la superposición de dos análisis espectrales elásticos, lo que hace que sea directo (no iterativo). Un punto fuerte del método es poder seleccionar los daños locales intencionalmente a través de rótulas plásticas, en el cuál el daño es permitido y el mecanismo deseado es asegurado. Se define un parámetro (α) para controlar la intensidad del daño en las rótulas plásticas y los daños no estructurales a través de desplazamientos y derivas de piso. Este coeficiente sirve, a la vez, para combinar las soluciones elásticas mediante superposición. De esta forma, se consigue estimar la variación de la respuesta no-lineal en función de dichos parámetros. Así, el valor adecuado de α para una prestación objetivo puede relacionarse fácilmente. Se desarrolla una serie de ejemplos y casos de estudios de diversos sistemas 2D y 3D sobre estructuras irregulares en planta y altura. Además, el efecto de los modos altos de vibración se hace evidente en el proceso de diseño.
El método es validado a través de análisis no-lineales en el tiempo (time-history) y mediante modelos no-lineal estático (Pushover). Los resultados presentados son considerados como buena aproximación en la predicción de daños locales y demanda de ductilidades en las fases de diseño. Por otro lado, el método también fue utilizado como método de evaluación para un ejemplo numérico y un experimento pseudo-dinámico en un prototipo a escala real. En estos casos, se evidenció que, las actuales provisiones normativas para conseguir el criterio de capacidad de la columna fuerte–viga débil pueden no ser adecuadas o suficientes. El método propuesto permite estimar el coeficiente de sobre-resistencia a aplicar a las columnas de una forma más óptima, el cual puede ser diferente para diferentes pisosDesigning structures to achieve a specified performance state has gained importance on seismic design practice. Currently, several methodologies have been proposed in order to take into account for inelastic behaviour of the structure in design phases. In that sense, a performance limit state can be provided that controls damage and strength demand. However, most of these methods involve iterative process that depends, in some cases, on the experience of the designer. Otherwise, many are based on the concept of equivalent single degree of freedom system, which is, only adequate for regular structures. In this Thesis, a direct performance based seismic design methodology for irregular structure with damage control is proposed. This method is based on the superposition of two elastic spectral analyses. One strength of the method is the selection of the local distribution damage regions (by mean of plastic hinges), intentionally chosen by designer. The distribution of hinges defines the zones where damage is allowed and the desired failure mechanism in the design. A damage parameter (α) is defined to control the damage intensity in the plastic hinges and the non-structural damage through allowable displacement or drifts. This coefficient is also used for the superposition of the two elastic solutions. In this way. It is possible to estimate the evolution of the non-linear response as this parameter varies, the adequate value ofα for target performance can be easily selected. A series of case studies examples are developed on 2D and 3D irregular systems, both in plan and height. Moreover, the effects of higher modes of vibrations is highlighted on the design process, making possible to account for them in the final design. The method is validated through non-linear analyses, by means of incremental static analysis (pushover) and step-by-step time-history analysis. The results presented show good accuracy when predicting local damage, ductility and strength demand in design phases. Moreover, the methodology was used as an assessment method as well, applied to a numerical example and a pseudo-dynamic test on a full-scale prototype. It was demonstrated, in both cases, the importance of the effect of higher vibration modes. In these cases, it was evidenced that, the current provisions to achieve the “strong column–weak beam” capacity criterion may not be adequate in a general basis. The proposed method allows a more general way to obtain the overstrength factor for columns, which may be different in different stories.
11
Ozyildiran, Guler. "The Effects Of Turkish Disaster Regulations On Architectural Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609194/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study is to examine the role of &lsquoTurkish Disaster Regulations&rsquo
on architectural design. Although the preliminary aim of Turkish disaster regulations is to provide knowledge for designers and builders to control structural and constructional system of buildings that can resist disasters in the pre-disaster period, these regulations can create some restrictions for architects in their design process. Following an analytical examinations of Turkish disaster regulations that have been developed continuously after different disaster experiences for years from an architectural view, the focus will be given to the 2007 disaster regulation called &lsquo
Specification for Buildings to be Built in Earthquake Areas&rsquo
in order to evaluate critically the limitations of those regulations for architects in their design process. Furthermore, seven types of irregular buildings that are mentioned in 2007 disaster regulation will be examined and discussed in detail.
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Alves, Andressa Schneider. "Algoritmos para o encaixe de moldes com formato irregular em tecidos listrados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142744.
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Esta tese tem como objetivo principal a proposição de solução para o problema do encaixe de moldes em tecidos listrados da indústria do vestuário. Os moldes são peças com formato irregular que devem ser dispostos sobre a matéria-prima, neste caso o tecido, para a etapa posterior de corte. No problema específico do encaixe em tecidos listrados, o local em que os moldes são posicionados no tecido deve garantir que, após a confecção da peça, as listras apresentem continuidade. Assim, a fundamentação teórica do trabalho abrange temas relacionados à moda e ao design do vestuário, como os tipos e padronagens de tecidos listrados, e as possibilidades de rotação e colocação dos moldes sobre tecidos listrados. Na fundamentação teórica também são abordados temas da pesquisa em otimização combinatória como: características dos problemas bidimensionais de corte e encaixe e algoritmos utilizados por diversos autores para solucionar o problema. Ainda na parte final da fundamentação teórica são descritos o método Cadeia de Markov Monte Carlo e o algoritmo de Metropolis-Hastings. Com base na pesquisa bibliográfica, foram propostos dois algoritmos distintos para lidar com o problema de encaixe de moldes em tecidos listrados: algoritmo com pré-processamento e algoritmo de busca do melhor encaixe utilizando o algoritmo de Metropolis-Hastings. Ambos foram implementados no software Riscare Listrado, que é uma continuidade do software Riscare para tecidos lisos desenvolvido em Alves (2010). Para testar o desempenho dos dois algoritmos foram utilizados seis problemas benchmarks da literatura e proposto um novo problema denominado de camisa masculina. Os problemas benchmarks da literatura foram propostos para matéria-prima lisa e o problema camisa masculina especificamente para tecidos listrados. Entre os dois algoritmos desenvolvidos, o algoritmo de busca do melhor encaixe apresentou resultados com melhores eficiências de utilização do tecido para todos os problemas propostos. Quando comparado aos melhores resultados publicados na literatura para matéria-prima lisa, o algoritmo de busca do melhor encaixe apresentou encaixes com eficiências inferiores, porém com resultados superiores ao recomendado pela literatura específica da área de moda para tecidos estampados.This thesis proposes the solution for the packing problem of patterns on striped fabric in clothing industry. The patterns are pieces with irregular form that should be placed on raw material which is, in this case, the fabric. This fabric is cut after packing. In the specific problem of packing on striped fabric, the position that patterns are put in the fabric should ensure that, after the clothing sewing, the stripes should present continuity. Thus, the theoretical foundation of this project includes subjects about fashion and clothing design, such as types and rapports of striped fabric, and the possibilities of rotation and the correct place to put the patterns on striped fabric. In the theoretical foundation, there are also subjects about research in combinatorial optimization as: characteristics about bi-dimensional packing and cutting problems and algorithms used for several authors to solve the problem. In addition, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm are described at end of theoretical foundation. Based on the bibliographic research, two different algorithms for the packing problem with striped fabric are proposed: algorithm with pre-processing step and algorithm of searching the best packing using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Both algorithms are implemented in the Striped Riscare software, which is a continuity of Riscare software for clear fabrics developed in the Masters degree of the author. Both algorithms performances are tested with six literature benchmark problems and a new problem called “male shirt” is proposed here. The benchmark problems of literature were iniatially proposed for clear raw material and the male shirt problem, specifically for striped fabrics. Between the two developed algorithms, the algorithm of searching the best packing has shown better results with better efficiencies of the fabric usage for all the problems tested. When compared to the best results published in the literature for clear raw material, the algorithm of searching the best packing has shown packings with lower efficiencies. However, it showed results higher than recommended for the specific literature of fashion design for patterned fabrics.
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Abdul-Rahman, Alias. "The design and implementation of a two and three-dimensional triangular irregular network based GIS." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4069/.
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It has been realised in the GIS community that most 2D GISs are capable of handling 2D spatial data efficiently, but systems have had less success with 3D spatial data. This is reflected in the current GIS market place where systems which can handle 3D data are hardly available - due to several impediments in implementing such systems. This thesis attempts to address some of the impediments. The impediments which related to spatial data especially data representation, data structuring and data modelling using object-oriented (OO) techniques are the foci of this thesis. OO techniques are utilized because they offer several advantages over the traditional (i.e. structural) techniques in software development. In the aspect of spatial representation, several major representations are investigated, which then lead to identifying an appropriate representation both for 2D and 3D, that is triangular irregular network (TIN) data structures. 2D data is represented by a 2D TIN, and 3D data is represented by a 3D TIN (also called a tetrahedral network or TEN). Several algorithms were developed for the construction of the data structures where procedures such as distance transformation (DT) and Voronoi tessellations were utilized. Besides standard Delaunay triangulations, constrained triangulations were also developed, thus the inclusion of real world objects in the spatial data modelling can be facilitated. Four classes of real world objects are identified (i.e., point, line, surface, and solid objects). For the purpose of spatial data modelling of the four types of objects, a formal data structure (FDS) is utilized.
14
Aydogdu, Ibrahim. "Optimum Design Of 3-d Irregular Steel Frames Using Ant Colony Optimization And Harmony Search Algorithms." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612285/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Steel space frames having irregular shapes when subjected to lateral loads caused
by wind or earthquakes undergo twisting as a result of their unsymmetrical
topology. As a result, torsional moment comes out which is required to be resisted
by the three dimensional frame system. The members of such frame are generally
made out of steel I sections which are thin walled open sections. The simple beam
theory is not adequate to predict behavior of such thin-walled sections under
torsional moments due to the fact that the large warping deformations occur in the
cross section of the member. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effect of
warping in the design of the steel space frames having members of thin walled
steel sections is significant. In this study the optimum design problem of steel
space frames is formulated according to the provisions of LRFD-AISC (Load and
Resistance factor design of American Institute of Steel Construction) in which the
effect of warping is also taken into account. Ant colony optimization and harmony
search techniques two of the recent methods in stochastic search techniques are
used to obtain the solution of the design problem. Number of space frame examples is designed by the algorithms developed in order to demonstrate the
effect of warping in the optimum design.
15
De, Resende Ricardo CapuÌcio. "Design of a novel punch planter capable of producing equidistant seed spacing of irregular shaped seeds." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269519.
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Gottardi, Giorgio. "Novel design concepts for unconventional antenna array architecutres in next generation communications systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243338.
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In this work, the formulation and the implementation of innovative methodological paradigms for the design of unconventional array architectures for future generation communication systems has been addressed. By exploiting the potentialities of the codesign strategy for elementary radiators in an irregularly clustered array architectures and by introducing an innovative capacity-driven design paradigm, the proposed methodologies allow to effectively design unconventional array architectures with optimal trade-offs in terms of performance and complexity/costs. The codesign synthesis strategy is proposed to solve the arising massive multi-objective design problem aimed at fitting the multiple objectives and requirements on the "free-space" performance of the array architecture. Afterward, the capacity-driven design paradigm is formulated and implemented for the design of MIMO array architectures to maximize the quality of the communication system in first place instead of considering "free-space" figures-of-merit. A set of numerical results has been provided (i) to validate the proposed paradigms in real-application scenarios and (ii) to provide insights on the effectiveness, the limitations and the potentialities of proposed design methodologies.
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Jerrelind, Jenny. "Design and Control of Products Including Parts with Impacts." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Farkost- och flygteknik, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3734.
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Today's product development process should be rapid andcost-efficient, and should result in innovative and reliableproducts. A crucial factor is the dynamic behaviour of theproduct. This thesis focuses on theoretical, numerical andexperimental approaches to achieve a comprehensiveunderstanding of dynamical phenomena occurring in nonlinearproducts, especially in products with parts that includeimpacts. The aim is to show the usefulness of nonlineartheories to better understand and optimise the dynamicbehaviour of products and thereby account for nonlinearphenomena already in the product development process. This is achieved through an investigation of researchefforts in the field of nonlinear dynamics; identification ofimportant research directions; a study on the effect ofcouplings between nonlinear parts; a detailed study on thedynamic behaviour of a product component; investigations oflow-cost strategies for controlling the dynamics of a nonlinearsystem; and the design and implementation of experimentalset-ups of two studied products. The investigation of research efforts shows that nonlinearparts are frequently included in products. Most common areparts that are nonlinear due to impacts and friction. Twoimportant areas are identified; to study coupling effectsbetween nonlinear subsystems and to study how nonlinearanalysis can be used to improve existing designs. Considering the studied products; a pantograph on a trainand a Braille printer, it can be concluded that thecharacteristics of a part can largely affect the dynamicbehaviour of the product. Typical nonlinear behaviour, such ascoexisting solutions and irregular motions, do occur. Theanalysis of the pan- tograph motion shows important aspects toconsider in the modelling process; coupling effects. In thecase of the Braille printer it is shown possible to create alow-cost control, by taking advantage of an existingdiscontinuity, to achieve a desired motion. Altogether, this work contributes to improved understandingof the be- haviour of nonlinear parts in products, especiallythose including impacts, pro- viding greater knowledge aboutaspects to consider in the design process. Keywords:Nonlinear Dynamics, Impacts, Discontinuities,Subsystems, Chaos, Irregular Behaviour, Printer Dynamics,Suspensions, Coupled Systems, Control.QC 20100621
18
Bochi, Thaís Caetano. "Corredores fluviais urbanos : percepção ambiental e desenho urbano." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/95382.
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A temática abordada na pesquisa trata dos problemas associados aos rios urbanos, onde a degradação ambiental ocasionada pelo desenvolvimento das cidades afeta a qualidade das águas e do espaço urbano. No Brasil, a maioria dos rios e arroios urbanos é utilizada como parte integrante da rede de coleta de esgoto sanitário e, por isso, são frequentemente canalizados. A situação se agrava nas áreas de ocupação espontânea a beira de mananciais e cursos d’água. Nesses locais a inexistência ou precariedade da infraestrutura de drenagem e saneamento básico colaboram para o aumento da frequência de inundações que causam danos ambientais e sociais a cidade. No entanto, a revitalização de rios urbanos é uma ação adotada a fim de reverter os impactos negativos gerados pelos usos indevidos dos corredores fluviais. O estudo tem como objetivo contribuir no entendimento de aspectos associados a gestão pública, infraestrutura, estrutura, uso e estética na revitalização de arroios em áreas de ocupação espontânea. A Microbacia do Arroio Riacho Doce, integrante da Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Dilúvio, em Porto Alegre, foi escolhida como área de estudo. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho, fundamentada na área de estudos de Ambiente-Comportamento, busca avaliar as atitudes e comportamentos diante das características físico-espaciais percebidas pelos habitantes da bacia. O uso de maquetes e simulações gráficas foi adotado a fim de facilitar o entendimento da população inquirida a respeito das avaliações propostas pela pesquisa. Os principais resultados obtidos revelam que embora os arroios da Vila Pinto apresentem uma situação grave de degradação ambiental associada a uma aparência negativa, os moradores desejam a revitalização dos corredores fluviais da Microbacia Riacho Doce. Indica-se, além da despoluição de seus arroios e a provisão de infraestrutura urbana de saneamento e drenagem: a provisão de usos de lazer diversificados em sua orla; a implantação de trilhas e ciclovias visando a priorização da circulação de pessoas e ciclistas em relação a circulação de veículos; a distribuição de vegetação na orla de forma que favoreça a criação de zonas de contato com a água, áreas sombreadas e ensolaradas, promovendo o uso sazonal e a estética da paisagem fluvial.River environmental degradation related to water quality and urban area due to the uncontrolled city’s development is discussed in this work. In Brazil, most urban rivers and streams are piped due to the usage as a part of the sewage system. This scenario worsen when there is irregular occupations around water supply sources. Moreover, the absence of water and sewer drainage and services increases inundation numbers harming cities environmentally and socially. However, river revitalization is an action performed with the purpose to repair negative impacts of undue usage of river corridors. Thus, this study aimed to contribute in the knowledge of subjects related to public management, infrastructure, structure, usage, and aesthetics in stream revitalization of irregular occupation areas. It was chosen the Riacho Doce micro watershed as the studied area, part of Arroio Dilúvio watershed, at Porto Alegre. The methodology used in this work is based on the Environment-Behavior area of study, and it aimed to evaluate attitudes and behaviors of inhabitants from this micro watershed over physical-spatial characteristics. It was used models and draws simulations to facilitate the understanding for the enquired population around the proposed evaluations in this work. Results revealed that inhabitants desires the revitalization of river corridors even that streams from Vila Pinto has a severe environmental degradation linked to a negative appearance. Analysis of inhabitant’s environmental perception showed that stream remediation and infrastructure provision are recommended as well as other important actions. Thus, the supply of leisure spaces around the waterfront, construction of trails for pedestrians and bicycle riders apart from roads, build a contact zones with water in green area, construction of shadow areas with different degrees of sun incidence are some actions strongly recommended to promote seasonal usage and river landscape aesthetic in the studied region.
19
Gunn, Kpoti Mawutodzi. "Developing Strategies For Year-Round Spray Irrigation of Wastewater Effluent in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262207613.
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Carvalho, Silvia Maria de Góes. "Produção do espaço público em assentamentos irregulares: casos na Guarapiranga." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2628.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-07Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie
The present work is about the actions makes in the process of producing the urban space for public and collective use in irregular settlings through case studies in the region of the Guarapiranga basin in São Paulo City, Brazil. The occupations around the Basin were followed by urbanization provided by the Program for Ambient Sanitation of the Guarapiranga Basin. Shantytowns, clandestine land divisions and all other ways of irregular occupations settled there are and keep being object of urban interventions. This interventions of urban qualification were executed all the basic infra structure if must characterize the life in the city, including generate actions of the spaces of public use. Those spaces directed to leisure, sports practicing and to the ways of social meeting were built in order to increase the feeling of inclusion among inhabitants of that City. The study had its beginning among the conception of public space and also among its elements and its ways of production, followed by a survey and analysis about the situations of intervention in irregular settlings. Thus, the ways of producing the public urban space in irregular settlings were surveyed in cases of groups taken care by the Program Guarapiranga. In this approach was search reflect about the probability ways of urban spaces qualification already configured wasn t agree of the existing urban standard and urban rules.
O presente trabalho aborda ações realizadas no processo de produção do espaço urbano de uso público e coletivo em assentamentos irregulares, com o estudo de casos na região da Bacia do Guarapiranga, no município de São Paulo. As ocupações no entorno da Bacia do Guarapiranga receberam, através do Programa de Saneamento Ambiental da Bacia do Guarapiranga, intervenções no sentido de realizar a sua urbanização. Favelas, loteamentos clandestinos e todas as formas de ocupações irregulares ali instaladas foram e continuam sendo objeto de intervenções urbanas. Estas intervenções de qualificação urbana executaram, além de toda a infra-estrutura básica que deve caracterizar a vida na cidade, incluindo ações de geração dos espaços de uso público. Estes espaços destinados a lazer, ao esporte e às formas de encontro social foram produzidos com o intuito de propiciar aos moradores a inserção social e o sentimento de inclusão na cidade em que habitam. O estudo teve seu início no entendimento do significado espaço público, de seus elementos e dos modos de sua produção; seguido dos levantamentos e análises das situações de intervenção em alguns destes assentamentos irregulares. Dentro desta abordagem procurou-se refletir sobre os possíveis modos de qualificação de espaços urbanos já configurados em desacordo com os padrões e normas urbanísticas existentes.
21
Griesing-Scheiwe, Fritjof. "Irregularly Sampled Data in the Design of a Soft Sensor System: Some Preliminary Results." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13295.
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In modern industrial applications, sensors are an expensive part of installed systems. Nevertheless, many system variables cannot be measured sufficiently frequently or accurately. Thus, soft sensors have been developed to estimate those variables without the expense of additional hardware. The use of a soft sensor with a bias update term has shown to perform well for disturbed systems with time delays and multirate sampling times. In industrial application, the time delay and sampling times often vary. Yet, the case of variation of the time delay and sampling time in the bias update term has not been considered in previous publications. This thesis tests a soft sensor with bias update term in simulation and gives a modification yielding better performance. It is shown that the tested method gives unstable results. Hence, a more general method with a bias update term that considers all possible sampling times in each step is proposed, giving stable results in simulation. Furthermore, the stability of the general method is proven mathematically by building a state space representation and applyingTesis
22
Larson, Christopher Whitford. "The Design and Construction of a 20" x 20" Mach 2.0 Blowdown Wind Tunnel to Characterize the Lift and Drag of Irregularly Shaped Fragments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76968.
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A supersonic wind tunnel, with a 20" x 20'" test section cross sectional area, was designed and constructed at the Techsburg Wind Tunnel Facility in order to determine the lift and drag on irregularly shaped fragments in supersonic flow. Prior to beginning the wind tunnel design process, a blowdown analysis model was created in order to determine the influence of a number of parameters on tunnel run time and test gas properties throughout the tunnel circuit. The design of the settling chamber, test section, supersonic nozzles, diffuser, and exhaust are presented in this thesis. Diffuser performance has a large influence on wind tunnel efficiency and run time. Therefore, significant efforts should be taken in order to attain the highest possible pressure recovery within the diffuser. The design of wind tunnel components, as well as their stress analysis, was conducted using SolidWorks. The control valve and silencer were sized and selected for the expected tunnel operating conditions. Since the control valve tends to encompass a significant portion of the overall tunnel cost, care must be taken to ensure it has a large enough flow capacity to produce the desired test conditions. Also, attempts must be made to accurately predict the total pressure loss through the silencer, since this loss can have a large impact on the total pressure ratio necessary to produce the design Mach number. Upon completion of the design process, the supersonic wind tunnel was assembled, and shakedown testing was conducted. During shakedown testing it was determined that the wind tunnel was capable of producing Mach 2 flow in the test section. Following shakedown testing, a flow survey was conducted in order to ensure uniform Mach number flow exists throughout the region occupied by the fragments. Based on the flow survey it was determined that within the middle 60% of the test section, the average Mach number was 1.950 and varied by only 0.56% within this region. Two irregularly shaped fragments were tested at Mach 2 flow, over an effective 360° pitch sweep, with wind tunnel runs performed every 10 degrees. Based on the measured force data for both fragments, the lift appeared to follow a sinusoidal curve, with minimum values at 0, 90, and 180° balance pitch angle, and maximum values occurring around 45 and 135° pitch angle. The drag force was observed to follow a gradual curve with minimum values at 0 and 180° balance pitch angle, as expected since the fragment presented area is generally least in this orientation. The maximum drag was found to occur at a balance pitch angle of 90°, once again as expected since the fragment presented area is generally greatest at this angle. It was also observed that the fragment drag tended to be greater for a fragment orientation which places the concave side of the fragment into the direction of the flow.Master of Science
23
Sener, Goker. "Analysis And Design Of Microstrip Patch Antennas With Arbitrary Slot Shapes." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613161/index.pdf.
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A new method is proposed that provides simple and effcient design and analysis algorithm for microstrip antennas with arbitrary patch shapes. The proposed procedure uses the mutiport network model (MNM) where the antenna is considered as a cavity bounded by perfect electric conductors on the top and the bottom surfaces and perfect magnetic conductor on the side surfaces. Ports are defined along the periphery of the patch, and the impedance
matrix representing the voltage induced at one port due to a current source at another port, is obtained through the use of the 2-D Green&rsquos function corresponding to the cavity. For the MNM analysis of patches with irregular shapes such as slotted structures, the segmentation/desegmentation methods are utilized since the Green&rsquo
s function expressions are available only for regularly shaped cavities. To speed up the analysis and to develop a design procedure, vector Pade approximation is used in order to approximate the antenna impedance matrix as a rational function of two polynomials. When the approximation is performed with respect to frequency, the roots of the polynomial at the denominator provides the resonant frequencies of the antenna. The design algorithm is applicable when the approximation variable is changed to one of the dimensions of the patch that need to be optimized. Because for this case, the roots of the denominator polynomial correspond to optimum dimensions of the antenna where it resonates.
24
Yue, Yang. "The Development of a Thermodynamic Model for Antisense RNA Design and an Electro-transformation Protocol to Introduce Auxotrophic Genes for Enhancing Eicosapentaenoic Acid Yield from Pythium irregulare." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46263.
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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3) is a long chain crucial unsaturated fatty acid, essential for the regulation of critical biological functions in humans. Its benefits include the therapeutic treatment of cardiovascular disease, schizophrenia and Alzheimerâ s disease. The fungus Pythium irregulare (ATCC 10951) has great potential as a natural EPA producer. In this study, the electroporation conditions for P. irregulare were determined. The auxotrophic selectable genes ura, trp and his were respectively cloned into the plasmid pESC to construct shuttle vectors. Electroporation with 2.0kV and a 0.2cm cuvette was applied as the most effective condition for heterogeneous genes transformation. The yield and content of EPA and other components of total fatty acids (TFA) were further determined by the FAME approach with GC, as well as the analysis of biomass. The EPA content in P. irregulare with heterologous pESC-TRP vector reached 16.68 mg/g if cultured in auxotrophic medium, which showed a 52.33% increase compared to the wild-type P. irregulare. The maximum of EPA yield was 98.52 mg/L from P. irregulare containing the pESC-URA plasmid, a 32.28% increase over the wild-type. However, the maximum cell dried weight of these two organisms were respectively 6.13g/L and 5.3g/L, significantly less than the 6.80g/L of the wild-type. Not only was a feasible approach detected to electro-transform and increase the EPA yield of P. irregulare, this study also inferred that Ï -6 route was mainly involved in the EPA biosynthesis in this organism.
An antisense RNA (asRNA) thermodynamic model was developed to design new asRNA constructs capable of fine-tuning gene expression knockdown. The asRNA technology is now identified as an effective and specific method for regulating microbial gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. This is done by targeting mRNA molecules. Although the study of regulation by small RNAs is advanced in eukaryotes, the regulation of expression through artificially introducing antisense oligodeoxynucleotides into host is still being developed in prokaryotes. To study the thermodynamics of asRNA and mRNA binding, (i) the fluorescence protein genes GFP and mCherry were separately cloned into the common pUC19 vector and (ii) antisense GFP and antisense mCherry DNA fragments were randomly amplified and inserted into the constructed plasmid under the control of an additional plac promoter and terminator. The expression level of fluorescence reporter proteins was determined by plate reader in this combinatorial study. A thermodynamic model to describe the relationship between asRNA binding and observed expression level was created. The study indicates two factors that minimum binding energy of the asRNA-mRNA complex and the percentage of asRNA binding mRNA were crucial for regulating the expression level. The correlation relationship between gene expression level and binding percentage multiplied by the minimum binding energy was found to show a good correlation between the thermodynamic parameters and the observed level of gene expression. The model has the potential to predict the sequence of asRNA and the approach will ultimately be applied to cyanobacteria to increase lipids production. Here, the long-term approach is to build metabolic switches from asRNA that can turn â on/offâ various cellular programs and metabolic pathways at will in a fine-tuned manner. This will allow engineers to control metabolic activity in response to reactor conditions.Master of Science
25
Liu, Kuang-Chih, and 劉廣治. "Memory Hierarchy Design for Irregular Data Accesses." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36992891136943325855.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
86
In the past the design philosophy for memory hierarchy was mainly based onrules of catching data locality for reducing memory latency. This thoughtmakes cache design preferring applications with regular data accesses.However, there are some kind of applications which were lose of locality,which we referred to irregular applications. For irregularapplications, for example, using too longer cache line might not meet thedata locality but cause extra overhead, such as transferring useless dataelements, or causing false sharing effects, etc. Thus, from the aspectof locality analysis, memory hierarchy design for irregular data accessesshould be investigated. We firstly study the memory hierarchy design bysectored caches in reducing false sharing misses on bus-basedmultiprocessors. In a sectored cache, each cache line is divided intoseveral subblocks. A subblock is a basic coherence unit. When false sharingoccurs, the involved cache line needs not be invalidated or transferred, aslong as the corresponding subblocks are kept coherent. To facilitate thestudy, we extend the conventional MESI protocol to sectored caches anddefine a performance metric called the degree of false sharingreduction to quantify the false sharing reduction on such caches. Wesimulated the execution of typical benchmarks, FFT, LU, Radix, SORBYR and SORBYC, on sectored caches. Evaluationresults show that our scheme can effectively reduce about 30% to 80% falsesharing misses and avoid useless coherence operations. On the other hand, wemeasure the effectiveness of different bounteous transfer schemes. Bounteous transfer is a scheme in sectored caches in which a subblock holdersupplies extra subblocks after transferring the missed subblock on a readmiss. We also investigate the effectiveness of three different types ofbounteous transfers: bounteous transfer with valid subblocks (BT-V),bounteous transfer with clean subblocks (BT-C), and bounteous transferdisabled (No-BT). Two metrics U-rate and R-rate are proposedto help observe the sharing granularities and coherence overhead moreprecisely. Evaluation results show that different benchmarks work betterwith different kinds of bounteous transfers and using bounteous transfercarelessly may result in performance degradation. Furthermore, another partof this dissertation we focus on data dependence detecting schemes forirregular data accesses. This topic is about run-time parallelizationtechniques using multiprocessor memory hierarchy. Run-time parallelizationis a technique for solving problems whose data access patterns are difficultto analyze at compile time. We propose a worker-checker framework toclassify different run-time parallelization schemes. Under the framework,operations performed during run-time parallelization are classified looselyinto a worker and a checker. Different schemes are then cast into theframework based on the relative execution order of their worker and checker.From the framework, we identified several new run-time parallelizationmethods. We examine the implementation of one such method derived fromspeculative parallelization. The implementation is based on the idea ofembedding hardware checkers inside either in sectored caches or memorycontrollers. We will present the design of the hardware checker and evaluatethe effectiveness of the design on run-time parallelizing DOALL and DOACROSSloops.
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Way, cha-ching, and 魏嘉慶. "Structure analysis and design of irregular high rise building." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58723024732860053123.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
土木工程學系
84
In recent years, there are more and more high rise buildings on constsuction when cities are becoming populated in Taiwan.For some reasons such as variousutiluty functions and good-looking shape..., the structure characteristics of these high buildings are usually irregular. To get a reasonable and safe design, the structural engineer should make more efforts and take more time to analyze the irregular buildings than with regular ones. Unfortunally, the fact in Taiwan is that a designer seldom analyze the structure of buildings with the correct procedure, because they do not have enough money, time and design experiences.It will cause the buildings unsafe.In this paper, we discuss the structure analysis and member design with a careful and complete procedure used in structure engineering.It is hoped that the conclusion would be helpful to the practiced enigeening.There are three main viewpoints discussed in this paper :1. To get reasonable modelling methods and more accurate results by comparing different models for structures and fundamental simulation.2. To show how we design member with ductility criteria correctly in the earthquake in Taiwan by way of illustration.3. To discuss the analysis of Mat fundation, Ground beam and strut cut high rise buildings.
27
Chen, Jin-Tu, and 陳金土. "The optimal design of parameters of Irregular plastic pieces." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/btghyj.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
創意工程與精密科技研究所在職專班
99
This study aimed at the research of irregular pieces of plastic injection molding. In addition to the design of injection parameters, it mainly takes flow of balance and cooling system for the injection mold. In analysis of flow balance, because the plastic pieces are large, irregular and different thickness, workpiece mechanical was the nature of distortion properties likely due to the effects of thermal stress. The study are the parameters of gates and cooling system, packing pressure and injection molding conditions
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Chou, Chien-Lung, and 周建龍. "Structural Analysis and Design of Irregular High Rise Steel Building." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23336940436112601479.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
土木工程學系
87
Since land cost in city is expensive today owing to the population concentration in the urban area, more high-rise buildings are developed recently. In order to reduce the weight of structure and the construction period, those buildings higher than 20 stories are usually built by steel structure. Moreover, with the characteristics of high safety, construction convenience and well development of construction and design related regulations, the high-rise buildings thereby turn out to be the main trend currently. In general, the analysis and the design of irregular structure are more difficult since they always embody complicated characteristics. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate those characteristics and to analyze the main and sub-building structures of these irregular high-rise buildings by following those methods applied traditionally by engineers. The framework of this study is as below: (1)introduce the classifications of structure systems and their layout restrictions, and check the layout, height-to-width ratio and foundation depth of example structure, (2)develop the ETABS model, and execute quasi-static and spectrum analysis according to the building code, and check the lateral story drift and rigidity ratio due to seismic and wind loading, (3) design the beam, column, brace, and connections of semi-rigid moment resistant frame (SMRF) and eccentrically braced frame for the buildings, (4)design the beam and column of reinforced concrete (RC) and steel reinforced concrete (SRC) for the underground structures, (5)propose the reasonable design procedures after comparing the natural frequencies, story shear, and member forces of different types of modeling such as brace, rigidity ratio, secondary moment, rigidity zone reduction or flexible diaphragm.
29
Chiu, Tsou-Han, and 邱奏翰. "A Highly Parallel Design for Irregular LDPC Decoding on GPGPUs." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23161218789127345606.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電子工程學系 電子研究所
102
The complex decoding scheme and dynamic execution behavior of LDPC decoding necessitate a powerful yet flexible computation platform to attain high performance. GPGPUs are many-core throughput processors that enable massive parallel computing and superior performance enhancement. However, the GPGPU performance is usually confined by the insufficient data bandwidth to support the demand from enormous processing cores. This paper focuses on designing a high performance LDPC decoding on modern GPGPUs. A novel data management for the conventional node-based LDPC design scheme is proposed and demonstrated better performance enhancement. This paper further introduces an innovative edge-based design scheme that facilitates easier data layout and enables efficient memory accesses when compared with the conventional node-based designs. By comprehensively exploring the design concerns and trade-offs from these two parallelism schemes, this paper proposes complete design solutions for each scheme and has demonstrated significant performance enhancement. The experiments on the Tesla C2050 GPGPU have demonstrated up to 126.47x runtime improvement, when compared with an LDPC decoder on a high-end CPU. The maximum throughput can reach 111.43 Mbps.
30
Chang, Hsin-Yu, and 張馨予. "Irregular Bumps Design Planning for Modern Ball Grid Array Packages." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jpvr56.
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碩士國立交通大學
電子研究所
107
In modern flip-chip packages, bumps are often placed irregularly due to different design needs. It costs a great amount of time and manual effort to generate substrate routing from bumps through vias to package balls. Moreover, any single model in prior works could not be simultaneously applied between bumps, vias and balls. In this work, we propose a hybrid flow network model to formulate the 2-layer substrate routing problem on irregular package structure. We present a new bump model that can handle irregular bump plans. With our methodology, signal assignment on vias and balls, and substrate routing on two layers can be obtained at the same time. We also present an iterative optimization technique to improve wire congestion. Our results show that the proposed method completes via and ball assignment efficiently, and obtain 100% routability and an average wirelength improvement of 16.45%, compared with manual design in real industrial cases.
31
Shieh, Shin-Lin, and 謝欣霖. "Design of Irregular Low-Density Parity-Check Codes for Internet Transmission." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58191016940375669390.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
電機工程學系
89
Recently, packet loss has become a more and more serious problem in various Internet applications. In many real-time transmission or multicast, it is not suitable to request retransmission of the unreceived data since the delay is unacceptable. Furthermore, many standard error-correction codes, for example the Reed-Solomon code, are not suitable because the encoding and decoding complexity is not feasible for high bandwidth applications. In this thesis, we design a special irregular low-density parity check codes to overcome this problem. This code is designed to be a very fast linear-time error-correction code transmitted just below channel capacity. Like other irregular low-density parity-check codes designed for Internet transmission proposed previously, the structure of this code contains many bipartite graphs with careful chosen degree sequences. But unlike other codes based on random graph, the construction of each bipartite graph is not purely random, and we introduce a method to connect the nodes on each side of the bipartite graph in order to make the cycle length as large as possible. We strongly believe that by increasing the cycle length of the graph especially for nodes with low degree, the performance will be very good. We also provide some evaluation methods and simulation results in different kinds of situations to show that our design outperforms the original ones.
32
Wu, Chi-Rey, and 吳啟瑞. "Design and Implementation of A Multithread Communication Library with Irregular Distribution." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02523148831027390375.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
89
This thesis reports the design and implementation of a multithread communication library to facilitate parallel programming on a cluster of symmetric multiprocessors.Efficient support for irregular communication is important for a communication library.This thesis investigates two ways of improving efficiency of irregular communication.We first introduce a software cache mechanism to avoid reduplicate data communication.We then introduce the irregular data distribution mechanism to increase data locality and reduce data communication.Our preliminary performance evaluation shows positive results for our design and implementation.
33
Wu, Chia-Ming, and 吳家名. "Design and Implementation of the Routing Switch for Irregular Interconnection Networks." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35665457620421892098.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
88
Parallel computer architectures are attractive when scalar architectures with the required performance are unavailable or have poor cost-to-performance ratios. Various interconnection networks have been proposed to connect a large number of processors and memory modules for parallel computer architectures. Scalable networks such as meshes and tori provide parallel computer architectures with higher bandwidth as the number of computing nodes increases, unlike the shared bus used in symmetric computing nodes. Interconnection networks with properties of low latency and high performance are suitable for workstation clusters. An interconnection network can be constructed in different topologies. Typically, interconnection networks with regular topologies are less scalable for workstation clusters than those with irregular topologies. There have been many deadlock-free routing algorithms developed for regular networks, but it is relatively difficult to solve deadlock problems for irregular networks. In this thesis, we present a design for a routing switch for irregular networks. Furthermore, we implement the design in a VLSI chip. The proposed switch can be used to build high-performance parallel/distributed systems. The design supports packet switching communications with cut-through routing. Our design employs a previous routing algorithm, called TRAIN (Tree-based Routing Architecture for Irregular Networks), for irregular networks. The routing algorithm is deadlock-free and requires no routing tables in the switches. The algorithm uses an arithmetic method to decide the next node in the routing path. Our design uses an efficient circuit to implement distance calculation, since distance calculation circuit is a major component of the switch performance. Our research has shown that a routing switch based on the TRAIN architecture is feasible, and it can be efficiently implemented in a VLSI chip.
34
Liu, Wen-Yuen, and 劉文元. "A Study of Facilities Layout Design in Plant of Irregular Shape." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72986384075849066341.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
工業管理系所
96
In recent years, enterprises always reinforce the portions of production process, human resource and marketing to reach the reduction of the cost and increase of the profit in the competitive environment. Facilities layout is the first problem that enterprise will meet. As the time changes, early facilities layout problems focus on equal area of departments, but recent researches turn to problems of unequal area of departments and irregular shape of departments gradually. In this research, facilities layout will focus on irregular shape of the plant, and set total material handing cost as the objective function. This research uses three cases of space filling curves in order to analyze the irregular shape facilities layouts. The result unveil the result that the total material handing cost of case2(X-oscillatory) and case3(Y-oscillatory) is lower than case1(XY-oscillatory) by 13.7%.
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Ko, Ming-Cheng. "Algorithms and Automated Material Handling Systems Design for Stacking 3D Irregular Stone Pieces." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8338.
Full textAbstract:
The motive of this research is to develop a good stacking method with an
automatic material handling system and the procedures that can increase productivity,
reduce production costs, and prevent labor injury. A diversity of products leads to a
number of different kinds of stacking problems. Much research has been done focusing
on two-dimensional arrangement for rectangles, circles or irregular shapes, and threedimensional
regular-shaped objects such as rectangular boxes. To solve stacking
problems, many algorithms such as the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and other
heuristic algorithms have been proposed.
The three-dimensional stacking problem has a practical application in the
transportation, manufacturing, and construction industries. There has been relatively little
emphasis on three-dimensional irregular objects; however, stacking three-dimensional
irregular objects has become more common in industry. In this thesis research, three
heuristic algorithms are proposed to stack irregular stone pieces nested in a container
with multiple layers. Primary functions of the heuristic algorithms include three major
parts. First, it approximates irregular shapes to a cluster of straight lines. Secondly, it
arranges the approximated angles one-by-one with the proposed step-by-step rule. Finally,
it considers the weight of the stone pieces from the pixel calculation for reasons of stability. The first and second algorithms are based on the area and angle of the stone
piece and the third one is based on the approximated weight of the stone.
An automatic real-time stacking system including pneumatic devices, sensors,
relays, a conveyor, a programmable logic controller, a robotic arm, and a vision system
was developed for this study. The algorithms developed were tested by this automatic
stacking system for better utilization. Three performance measures were presented in the
experimental result.
Comparisons between the results from three proposed algorithms and that from
the bottom-back-left algorithm are made. Experimental data demonstrate that the
utilizations and the stabilities of the three proposed algorithms are statistically better than
that of the bottom-back-left algorithm. However, the cycle times of the three proposed
algorithms have no statistical difference from that of the bottom-back-left algorithm. In
addition, a statistical test between each proposed algorithm is also conducted. Both the
utilizations and stabilities have statistical differences between each proposed algorithm
while the cycle times do not. The results of this study show that the algorithm
developed works effectively for solving the stone-pieces stacking problem.
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Huang, Yi-Ling, and 黃譯霖. "Design and Implementation of a Reconfigurable Algorithmic Router for Irregular On-Chip Networks." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69k495.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
102
With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, more and more transistors can be accommodated in a single chip. Therefore, system-on-chip（SoC）design is employed to integrate various functions into a single chip. As SoC requires more and more functionalities, more and more intellectual properties（IP） cores are integrated in a single chip. As the system size grows in complexity, the on-chip interconnection has become a critical issue due to problems such as noise, power dissipation, and layout difficultly. Thus the network-on-chip（NoC）architecture has been proposed to solve the on-chip communication problem for large-scale SoC design. It is possible the NoC topology becomes irregular because of wafer defect or various-size IPs within the on-chip network. In this thesis, we design and implement an NoC router for the irregular network. The routing algorithm of our router is based on our proposed tree-based routing architecture for irregular networks（TRAIN). Our design employs the reconfigurable algorithmic router architecture, which provides two kinds of flow control to choose. It can adapt to the irregular network environment provides great flexibility. We have implemented our router as an IP using TSMC 90ns technology. The results show that our design is feasible and provides good cost performance.
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Ma, Emma, and 馬憶菁. "A Study on the Design and Effect of English Irregular Verbs Puzzle Game." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73639387526762410375.
Full textAbstract:
碩士文藻外語大學
外語文教事業發展研究所
102
This study was a design-based research. The purpose of this study intended to apply the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the five phases of ADDIE systematic instructional design model to develop a set of irregular verbs puzzle games. The designed games aimed to facilitate junior high school students’ concept of English irregular verbs. The researcher implemented this English irregular verbs puzzle games to investigate if the designed games ignited any effects on students’ learning responses and learning outcomes. The findings indicated as the follows: 1. The researcher could apply the ADDIE systematic instructional design model to develope a set of English irregular verbs puzzle games for junior high school students. 2. After implementing the designed English irregular puzzle game, the result of the study by using paired t-test to analyze, it found that the participants had significantly higher scores in the post-test than the pre-test (t(91)=-10.53；p=.000***), and had significantly higher scores in the retention test one month later than the pre-test(t(91)=-8.50；p=.000***) which mean this set of puzzle games could improve students performance in the areas of English irregular verbs. 3. Students presented positive learning staisfactions, and their interest in learning and motivation were increase as well. Finally, some conclusions and suggestions were made for future learning material design and study.
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王證凱. "Gait Design and Experimant of a Bionic Quadruped Robot Walking on Irregular Terrain." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10896861067505842055.
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Liou, Fang-Bin, and 劉芳賓. "Design of an Algorithmic Router for 3D On-Chip Networks with Irregular Topologies." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17425631705985214402.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
103
With rapid advance of IC technology and computer system design, chip design is more and more complex. Nowadays, we can put tens or even hundreds of silicon intellectual property (IP) cores in a single chip as system-on-chip (SoC). However, with the physical restriction of chips, Moore Law is no longer applicable in the near future. Hence, 3D chips have been proposed to overcome the problems. With 3D chips, the interconnect between IP cores is even more challenging than 2D chips. Recently, network-on-chip (NoC) architectures have been proposed for the interconnection framework in SoCs. The on-chip networks for 2D and 3D chips can potentially provide a high-performance, low-cost, and robust interconnection system for such complex SoCs. This thesis proposes the design and implementation of a router for 3D on-chip networks. Our router can be associated with each IP core and used each tile in NoC. Such design can be employed in on-chip networks with regular mesh topology or even irregular mech topology. Our routing design, called the elevator-based TRAIN (EBT), is a modified routing scheme of our previously proposed TRAIN, and can be used for efficient routing in 3D NoCs with over-size IP cores. The EBT is deadlock-free and reqires no routing table in the routing switch. It provides high-performance and low-cost on-chip communication for 3D chips. We have implemented our router as an IP core using TSMC 90ns technology. The results show that our design is feasible and provides good cost performance.
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Hung, Jia-Yi, and 洪甲一. "Design and Evaluation of Adaptive Tree-Based Shortcut Routing for Irregular On-Chip Networks." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39708653322641045661.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
103
With rapid advance of semiconductor technology, a single chip can contains more and more transistors. To exploit these transistors, tens or even hundreds of functional units can be put in a single chip. With the library of re-usable hardware components and an efficient architecture for interconnection, system-on-chip (SoC) design has been proposed. However, conventional dedicated wiring or shared bus architecture cannot provide an effective interconnect for such large-scale SoCs. To solve the problem, network-on-chip (NoC) architectures have been proposed. We have previously proposed a routing algorithm, called TRAIN (Tree-based Routing Architecture for Irregular Networks), for irregular mesh topologies. We applied our design in the on-chip network with irregular mesh topologies with over-size IP cores. However, in our previous work, the routing algorithm is deterministic. In this thesis, we modified the routing algorithm and incorporate adaptive routing in our router. We can adaptively adjust the routing decision based on the traffic information to avoid traffic congestion. In our simulation, we employ BookSim 2.0, a detailed and cycle-accurate simulator for NoC. We evaluate our adaptive routing design, based on throughput and network latency, and compare with other deterministic algorithms. The simulation results indicate that our design can achieve good network performance with little extra complexity in the router design.
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Elkhazin, Akrum. "Space-time Coded Modulation Design in Slow Fading." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19320.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines multi-antenna transceiver design over flat-fading wireless channels. Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation
(BICM) and MultiLevel Coded Modulation (MLCM) transmitter structures are considered, as well as the used of an optional spatial precoder under slow and quasi-static fading conditions. At the receiver, MultiStage Decoder (MSD) and Iterative Detection and Decoding (IDD) strategies are applied. Precoder, mapper and
subcode designs are optimized for different receiver structures over the different antenna and fading scenarios.
Under slow and quasi-static channel conditions, fade resistant multi-antenna transmission is achieved through a combination of linear spatial precoding and non-linear multi-dimensional mapping. A time-varying random unitary precoder is proposed, with significant performance gains over spatial interleaving. The fade resistant properties of multidimensional random mapping are also analyzed. For MLCM architectures, a group random labelling
strategy is proposed for large antenna systems.
The use of complexity constrained receivers in BICM and MLCM transmissions is explored. Two multi-antenna detectors are proposed based on a group detection strategy, whose complexity can be adjusted through the group size parameter. These detectors show
performance gains over the the Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE)detector in spatially multiplexed systems having an excess number
of transmitter antennas.
A class of irregular convolutional codes is proposed for use in BICM transmissions. An irregular convolutional code is formed by
encoding fractions of bits with different puncture patterns and mother codes of different memory. The code profile is designed with the aid of extrinsic information transfer charts, based on
the channel and mapping function characteristics. In multi-antenna
applications, these codes outperform convolutional turbo codes under independent and quasi-static fading conditions.
For finite length transmissions, MLCM-MSD performance is affected by the mapping function. Labelling schemes such as set
partitioning and multidimensional random labelling generate a large spread of subcode rates. A class of generalized Low Density
Parity Check (LDPC) codes is proposed, to improve low-rate subcode performance. For MLCM-MSD transmissions, the proposed generalized LDPC codes outperform conventional LDPC code construction over a
wide range of channels and design rates.
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Solomon, Steven. "Parallel algorithm design and implementation of regular/irregular problems: an in-depth performance study on graphics processing units." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5098.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, interest in the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for general purpose parallel applications development and research has grown. Much of the current research on the GPU focuses on the acceleration of regular problems, as irregular problems typically do not provide the same level of performance on the hardware. We explore the potential of the GPU by investigating four problems on the GPU with regular and/or irregular properties: lookback option pricing (regular), single-source shortest path (irregular), maximum flow (irregular), and the task matching problem using multi-swarm particle swarm optimization (regular with elements of irregularity). We investigate the design, implementation, optimization, and performance of these algorithms on the GPU, and compare the results. Our results show that the regular problem achieves greater performance and requires less development effort than the irregular problems. However, we find the GPU to still be capable of providing high levels of acceleration for irregular problems.
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Licari, Federica. "Causal inference in irregular designs with intermediate variables and multivariate outcomes and the external validity of RCT results." Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2158/1288739.
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Min-RuLiu and 劉旻儒. "Experimental Design for Physiologic and Pathologic Characterization of Organic Bodies-Based upon the Symptoms of Irregular Heartbeats, Slippery Pulse and Mitral Valve Prolapse of Human Patients." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22568871704026126376.
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Tabish, Muhammad. "Machine Vision Control Algorithm Design for Industrial Palletizing Robo Machines to Increase the Dynamic Stability by Real-Time Image Processing." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/41808/.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of the research is to palletise the laser cut irregular objects of metal, wood and marble. The large and heavy regular objects are very difficult to palletise by humans, even in the presence of manual palletisers. This becomes more complicated when the objects are of irregular shape. These objects are cut by precise laser into any shape, size and weight. Due to irregularity on the boundary and perforation inside the boundary makes it complicated for the Robots to palletise. Since palletising Robots are designed to grasp the objects from the fix spots and are preferred to be used for repeating jobs of same size and shape from same position. Therefore, Robot handling is also prohibited due to vast geometrical variation in objects.
This issue has been raised in manufacturing industries that uses CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machines to mill or laser cut of large sheets. These sheets are commercialised in variety of most known materials like wood, marble and steel. Initially, all sheets are of regular shape mostly a rectangle with standard size of 1220mm x 2440mm observed in the wood industry. Since this configuration favours the Robot to palletise from pre-defined spot to the machine bed and cuts off the material into different shapes using precise laser. Once the laser cutting process is completed, the shape and size of the sheets are unpredicted, and this configuration is beyond Robot limitations therefore human handling is required. To develop a fully automated system and avoid heavy manual lifting, the Robot is necessary to collaborate with the environment by real time feedback system and integrate a controller to understand and solve the complex irregularity problems. This way the Robot can be used for non-repetitive task at unknown predefined spots.
The Robot currently working on commercial scale uses the pneumatic grippers to palletise regular sheets. Some Robots have the capability to deal with irregular objects with limitations. These Robots pick the objects from COM (Centre of Mass) since they are very small in size and does not have sharp edges or perforation. The COM is a good technique for palletising only, if the objects are not too heavy or does not have much irregularities on the boundary. When a sheet is cut in a star shape with a hole at the centre or a grill type perforated having only 30 % of material after laser cutting, these scenarios are not yet been researched.
The research proposes a MV (Machine Vision) controller that is designed, simulated on MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) software and validated by implementing on a Robot in real time. The Algorithm is developed to work in a loop that repeat its cycle until or unless a human intervention subroutine is requested. The software takes images of irregular objects after fixed interval of time and evaluate the features of the shape. The image is disintegrated into finite small regular polygons through real-time image processing to formulate the trajectory. This trajectory is further analysed to configure the spot where the object can be grasped. Once the calculation is completed the MATLAB Algorithm communicate with the Robot controller and shares the positional information to the Robot. Now the Robot controller check the possibility to reach all the position and postures of manipulator. Further, this information is sent to check the range of end effector and enable it to start the operation. The whole system is in a feedback loop, if the object is dropped between operation due to miscalculation or mishandling. The Robot will stop and ask the MATLAB to re-evaluate the position of dropped object. If MATLAB is unable to calculate the trajectory for this object, the whole system will shut down and wait for human assistance.
The robustness of the proposed method is evaluated through MATLAB simulations. To appreciate the validation of the Algorithm it is necessary to develop a prototype. Therefore, a 5-Axis Serial Robot (Mitsubishi RM-501) is used and the controller of this Robot is developed to read the information from MV system and integrate the pneumatic end effector with the Robot. F280049C Launchpad is used as main control unit of the Robot to control actuator, sensors and to communicate with MATLAB. MACH3 is also used as Robot interface software more details are available in chapter 5.
The research has also been integrated in a project at R&D Department of a medical device manufacturer in Australia. The research internship provided development of an AUWS to weld soft polymeric materials together. The main objective after developing the machine from scratch was to weld these medical devices of different size and shapes. Therefore, MV technique is used to generate the different regular and irregular bonding pattern that could results in strong weld joints. Furthermore, the position and torque of ultrasonic welding head were also controlled based on thickness. The project is working and producing the medical devices for research purpose.
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Lin, Yung-Chia, and 林永嘉. "Compilers for VLIW DSP Architectures with Distributed and Irregular Designs." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57626100213633979560.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
95
VLIW architectures have already been the main-stream design for a modern high-end processor in recent years to support more instruction-level-parallelism (ILP) and potential performance than the traditional single-issue CISC/RISC machines. Due to the advances in VLSI technology, people nowadays could develop more powerful and faster chips than ever, but also get additional issues to be considered while designing a new VLIW processor: complexity, die size, and power dissipation. For the embedded-system market, a successful processor design not only requires to provide ample performance but features low-power consumption, low cost, and reduced time-to-market. Therefore, some popular, fancy and sophisticated design techniques to enhance the performance of a general-purpose VLIW processor may not be feasible for an embedded processor that also demands a high performance criterion. Wide varieties of register file architectures and irregular designs --- developed for embedded processors --- have turned to aim at reducing the complexity, power dissipation, and die size these years, by contrast with the traditional architectures implemented by high-performance processors. There has been considerable interest in developing the techniques to effectively support the code generation and optimizations for such architectures with irregular designs because the compiler is generally regarded as the most important system-software component that supports a processor design to achieve success. It is also essential to have adequate compiler support for VLIW architectures so that the programming efficiency could be dramatically improved. This dissertation has made contributions to the design and development of an effective compiler for a novel VLIW DSP with irregular designs. The target DSP architecture, known as the PAC DSP core, is designed with distinctively partitioned register files in which port access is highly restricted. Moreover, the PAC DSP utilizes a heterogeneous distributed data-path architecture to attain an efficient design with low complexity, small size, and the possible low power consumption. We believe that the PAC DSP employs a promising architecture model to pragmatically support the high parallelism demanded by the DSP applications but reduce the disadvantageous progress of chip complexity, die size, and power dissipation. Our experiences in designing the compiler support for the PAC DSP may also be of interest to those involved in developing compilers for the similar architectures with such irregular designs. Our major contributions in this dissertation are as follows: 1. We present our application of the Open64/ORC infrastructure to a novel VLIW DSP and the specific design for handling its register file architecture. As part of an effort to overcome the new challenges of code generation for the PAC DSP, we have developed a new register allocation framework and other retargeting optimization phases that allow the effective generation of %support in generating high quality code. 2. We propose a novel heuristic algorithm, named ping-pong aware local favorable (PALF) register allocation, to obtain advantageous register allocation that is expected to better utilize irregular register file architectures. We also propose an alternate register allocation scheme using a simulated-annealing (SA) approach, and a hybrid optimization procedure to integrate the PALF and SA. Furthermore, an associated global register allocation strategy is presented and discussed. 3. Advanced subjects to support generating optimized code for PAC DSP architectures are also discussed in this dissertation and preliminarily developed in our compilation infrastructure. The results of all experiments performed using our optimizing compiler based on the Open Research Compiler (Open64/ORC), showed significant performance improvement over the primitive code generation. Our preliminary experimental results also indicate that our developed compiler can efficiently utilize the features of the specific register file architectures and irregular designs in the PAC DSP.
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Gomes, Evan. "The impact of the city on human perception." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31764.
Full textAbstract:
The practicum examines the impact of the physical layout of cities on the way we perceive them. In particular it examines the influence of natural, social, and built elements in perception of the downtown core of Winnipeg. It goes on to propose an urban design strategy for the downtown core, supported by supplementary urban design guidelines.October 2016