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Journal articles on the topic 'Irradiative'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Irradiative.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Isenberg, Samantha L., Melissa D. Carter, Jonathan L. Moon, Sarah Laughlin, Marla Petway, Mike A. Mojica, Julia E. Rood, et al. "The Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Chemical Biomarker Recovery from Mixed Chemical/Biological Threat Exposure Specimens." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfz022.

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Abstract Background Irradiative sterilization of clinical specimens prior to chemical laboratory testing provides a way to not only sterilize pathogens and ensure laboratorian safety but also preserve sample volume and maintain compatibility with quantitative chemical diagnostic protocols. Since the compatibility of clinical biomarkers with gamma irradiation is not well characterized, a subset of diagnostic biomarkers ranging in molecular size, concentration, and clinical matrix was analyzed to determine recovery following gamma irradiation. Methods Sample irradiation of previously characterized quality control materials (QCs) at 5 Mrad was carried out at the Gamma Cell Irradiation Facility at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, GA. Following irradiation, the QCs were analyzed alongside non-irradiated QCs to determine analyte recovery between dosed and control samples. Results Biomarkers for exposure to abrin, ricin, and organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) were analyzed for their stability following gamma irradiation. The diagnostic biomarkers included adducts to butyrylcholinesterase, abrine, and ricinine, respectively, and were recovered at over 90% of their initial concentration. Conclusions The results from this pilot study support the implementation of an irradiative sterilization protocol for possible mixed-exposure samples containing both chemical and biological threat agents (mixed CBTs). Furthermore, irradiative sterilization significantly reduces a laboratorian’s risk of infection from exposure to an infectious agent without compromising chemical diagnostic testing integrity, particularly for diagnostic assays in which the chemical analyte has been shown to be fully conserved following a 5 Mrad irradiative dose.

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2

Rybin, Oleg, and Sergey Shulga. "Feedback magnetization of ultra-low index irradiative structure." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 29 (October 25, 2015): 1550179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915501791.

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Ultra-low refractive index irradiative structure is considered. The structure consists of a patch antenna with the metamaterial slab located on top of the antenna, as superstrate. In this study, ultra-low index phenomenon of the irradiative system is associated with improving the directivity of the patch antenna by putting the metamaterial slab on top of the antenna. The last phenomenon, in turn, is associated with the feedback partial magnetization of Iron inclusions of the slab caused by the radiation from the antenna. Mathematical model for evaluating the complex effective relative permittivity of the irradiative structure is developed. Numerical calculations for complex effective relative permittivity of the irradiative structure and real part of the complex effective relative permeability of the metamaterial slab are done in the study.

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3

YU, LI, JING-RU LIU, LIAN-YING MA, AI-PING YI, CHAO HUANG, XIAO-XIA AN, YONG-SHENG ZHANG, JIAN-CANG SU, and ZHENG-ZHONG ZENG. "The development of a joule level of XeF(C-A) laser by optical pumping." Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 4 (October 2005): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034605050755.

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A joule level of XeF(C-A) laser optically pumped by a sectioned surface discharge was developed. The irradiative intensity of pumping source was diagnosed by calculating XeF2 photo-dissociation wave evolvement which was photographed by a framing camera. The photon flux in the wavelength region of 140 to 170nm is about 5 × 1023 photon s−1cm−2, that corresponds to the irradiative brightness temperature of more than 25000 K. The laser experiments were carried out in different conditions. The maximum laser output energy of 2.5 J was obtained with the total conversion efficiency of 0.1%.

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Li, Yue Fang, Shou Liang Hu, Zhi Bin Zeng, Xin Liu, Wei Xiang, and Ming Zhu Xiao. "Effect of the Gamma-Ray Irradiation on the Properties of an Epoxy Encapsulant." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.600.

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The influence of 60Co gamma-ray irradiation on the chemical compositions and properties of an epoxy encapsulant was investigated. The total irradiation dose varied from 0.1 kGy to 100 kGy with a fixed dose rate of 500 Gy/h. Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and discoloration proved the occurrence of oxidation caused by the irradiation. Tg and density remained unchanged owing to the competing effects of irradiation-induced degradation and crosslinking. The tensile strength, impact strength and electrical strength did not decrease distinctly until the irradiation dose reached above 11 kGy. Rubbery coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE), relative permittivity and dissipation factor, on the contrary, were more sensitive to the oxidation and increased sharply when the irradiation dose was only 0.1 kGy. Our results suggested that the evolution of CTEs and dielectric properties could affect the long-term application and reliability of the epoxy encapsulant in the irradiative environment.

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Kawakita, Shirou, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Shogo Ishizuka, Hajime Shibata, Shigeru Niki, Shuichi Okuda, and Hiroaki Kusawake. "Characterization of Electron-Induced Defects in Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells using Electroluminescence." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.981.

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ABSTRACTCIGS solar cells were irradiated with 250 keV electrons, which can create only Cu-related defects in the cell, to reveal the radiation defect. The EL image of CIGS solar cells before electron irradiation at 120 K described small grains, thought to be those of the CIGS. After 250 keV electron irradiation of the CIGS cell, the cell was uniformly illuminated compared to before the electron irradiation and the observed grains were unclear. In addition, the EL intensity rose with increasing electron fluence, meaning the change in EL efficiency may be attributable to the decreased likelihood of non-irradiative recombination in intrinsic defects due to electron-induced defects. Since the light soaking effect for CIGS solar cells is reported the same phenomena, the 250 keV electron radiation effects for CIGS solar cells might be equivalent to the effect.

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6

Luo, Kaiyi, Wenyu Hu, Jiaxuan Wei, Qiuping Zhang, Zhonghao Wu, Dongyang Li, Feng Miao, et al. "Exploration of irradiation intensity dependent external in-band quantum yield for ZnO and CuO/ZnO photocatalysts." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 18 (2021): 10768–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp06649d.

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We developed an optical aperture based method to determine the relationship between external quantum yield and irradiative intensity, where intrinsic ZnO and CuO decorated ZnO could reach similar external quantum yields under strong light intensity.

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7

Zhang, Yongqiang, Li Zhang, Fuli Tan, and Zhichao Xiao. "Effect of laser irradiation on morphology and dielectric properties of quartz fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite." e-Polymers 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0063.

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Abstract The quartz fiber-reinforced epoxy resin-based composites (QFRECs) were fabricated by resin transfer molding (RTM), and then the effect of laser ablation on the structure and dielectric properties of the prepared composite was investigated. The FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses show that the thermal decomposition, pyrolysis, carbonization, graphitization, and ablation occurred on the surface of the epoxy resin under laser irradiation. The in situ produced carbon endows the QFREC with an improved dielectric constant, which increases maximally from 3.3 to 4.5 in the range of 7–17 GHz under the energy intensity of 226 W·cm−2. Compared with short-time irradiation (5 s), long-time irradiation (10 s) exhibits a greater impact on the dielectric constant due to the formation of crystal graphite at prolonged high temperature. Meanwhile, the rough and deep pits are inclined to form onthe surface of the long-time irradiative composite. These findings provide guidance for the practical application of QFREC as wave-transmitting materials.

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8

Malucelli, Giulio. "How to Reduce the Flammability of Plastics and Textiles through Surface Treatments: Recent Advances." Coatings 12, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101563.

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The high flammability of plastics, polymer composites, textiles, and foams represents a severe and stringent issue that significantly limits their use in all those sectors, where resistance to a flame or an irradiative heat flux is mandatory [...]

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9

Ulpiani, Giulia, Costanzo di Perna, Alessandra Romagnoli, and Serena Summa. "Coupling a sunspace to a hyper insulated building: Field tests of different configurations to optimize the energy and comfort performance." WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy 4, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32438/wpe.3018.

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An experimental study was conducted on a hyper insulated building coupled with a sunspace, to investigate the role of the major design parameters (depth, glass percentage and typology, etc.) and mechanically controlled convective transfer (VMC) on the energy performance. Based on 132 dynamic simulations, a modifiable sunspace was built on the sun-exposed side of a nZEB mock-up in Central Italy and monitored via an extensive sensor network. The conditioning system tracked the seasonal set point via a bang-bang controller, while the VMC was governed by a bespoke temperature-driven logic. In a previous run, irradiative and combined irradiative-convective modes were tested on a 30% glazed sunspace: VMC was found to dump the daily energy consumption to -27%. Then; a second monitoring campaign compared the 30% and 50% configurations. The former guaranteed very stable indoor conditions (20.1±0.3°C), yet the latter still preserved global comfort at a remarkably lower (-40%) energy expenditure.

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10

Lucas, John T., Rose McGee, Catherine A. Billups, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Thomas E. Merchant, Rachel C. Brennan, Jiangrong Wu, and Matthew W. Wilson. "Prior non-irradiative focal therapies do not compromise the efficacy of delayed episcleral plaque brachytherapy in retinoblastoma." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 5 (June 28, 2018): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-311923.

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Background/aims Non-irradiative local therapies have shown promise in delaying or supplanting external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and enucleation in patients with retinoblastoma. We hypothesised that prior focal therapy does not compromise the efficacy of delayed episcleral plaque brachytherapy (epBRT).Methods We performed an institutional review board-approved medical record review of patients with retinoblastoma who were treated with I-125 epBRT prior to (primary) or following chemoreduction (delayed), alone and in combination with non-irradiative focal therapy. Clinical and treatment characteristics were retrieved. Treatment failure was defined as the need for subsequent EBRT and/or enucleation. Event-free and ocular survival rates were calculated from the date of plaque placement. The cumulative incidences (CIs) of treatment failure and enucleation were compared across strata using Gray’s test.Results We identified 50 patients with retinoblastoma (54 eyes), who received a total of 56 plaques between January 1986 and December 2010, with a median follow-up of 8.3 years (range, 0.8–21.2 years). The median time from diagnosis to plaque placement was 12.7 months (range, 0.1–128 months). The CI and 95% CI of treatment failure and enucleation following epBRT at 5 years was 37%±7.2% and42.2%±7.3%, respectively. The lack of prior diode or green laser therapy was predictive of increased risk for treatment failure (p=0.02 and 0.03). International Classification group C or D was predictive of decreased time to enucleation (p=0.004). The use of any focal therapy was not predictive of time to treatment failure (p=0.33).Conclusions The use of non-irradiative focal therapies prior to or following epBRT does not decrease the time to enucleation or treatment failure.

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11

Nakata, Tubasa, Arisa Okamoto, Jun Sawai, and Mikio Kikuchi. "Effects of Far-Infrared Irradiative Heating Pasteurization on Fungi." Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 03, no. 07 (2015): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2015.37007.

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12

Lin, Yu-Fang, Pei-Wei Shueng, Tyng-Luen Roan, Duo-Hao Chang, Yen-Chen Yu, Che-Wei Chang, An-Ta Kuo, et al. "Tomotherapy as an Alternative Irradiative Treatment for Complicated Keloids." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113732.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment of complicated keloids with helical tomotherapy (HT) and electron beam radiotherapy. From July 2018 to September 2018, 11 patients with 23 keloid lesions treated with HT were enrolled. Additionally, 11 patients with 20 lesions treated with electron beam radiotherapy in the same period were enrolled. Patients in both groups were treated within 24 h after surgical excision of the keloid lesion with 13.5 Gy in three consecutive daily fractions. The median follow-up period was 15 months. The local control rate was 91.3% and 80% in the HT group and the electron beam group, respectively. No acute adverse effects were observed in either group, but most patients exhibited pigmentation. No radiation-induced cancer occurred in these patients up to the time of this report. Pain and pruritus improved for all patients and more obviously for three patients with complicated keloids treated with HT. The measured surface dose was 103.7–112.5% and 92.8–97.6% of the prescribed dose in the HT group and the electron beam group, respectively. HT can be considered an alternative in cases where it is not feasible to use multiple electron fields, due to encouraging clinical outcomes.

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13

Mehrabi, Dalileh, Morteza Mohammadzaheri, Ali Firoozfar, and Mohammadreza Emadi. "A fuzzy virtual temperature sensor for an irradiative enclosure." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 31, no. 10 (October 2017): 4989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-017-0947-x.

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14

Sreekanth, P. S., N. Naresh Kumar, and S. Kanagaraj. "Effect of MWCNT on Mechanical Properties of γ-Irradiated UHMWPE during Shelf Ageing Process." Advanced Materials Research 410 (November 2011): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.160.

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Crosslinking of UHMWPE by gamma irradiation has been the prime choice to improve the wear resistance of the polymer. However, it is always associated with few setbacks like degradation of material properties during the shelf ageing period. In the present work, nanocomposites were prepared using ball milling process and then compression moulding process where UHMWPE was reinforced by MWCNTs with 0.20 and 0.40 wt. %. The samples were gamma irradiated using60Co at 25 and 50 kGy sterilizing doses in air without any post irradiative treatments and then shelf aged for 240 days. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied using small punch technique according to ASTM F2183 standards. Both toughness and hardness of the composites were found to be improved with an increase of irradiation dosage and MWCNT concentration. It is observed that the percentage reduction in Young’s modulus, yield stress and % strain at fracture of 0.4% composite at 50 kGy dose are 6.4%, 8.8% and 12.7%, respectively compared to that of virgin UHMWPE irradiated at same dosage. It is concluded that presence of MWCNTs in UHMWPE prevents the degradation of material properties during the shelf ageing period after irradiation.

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15

Pouchon, Manuel A., Jia Chao Chen, Claude Degueldre, Annick Froideval, Hermann Emerich, and Wouter Van Beek. "EXAFS Study on Irradiated ODS Ferritic Steel." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1761.

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The commercial material PM2000 is investigated as a representative for the material class of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steels. ODS steels are envisaged as substance of structural components in Very High Temperature Reactors (VHTR). The VHTR concept is considered by the Generation IV International Forum, an initiative researching the next generation of nuclear power plants. The chosen ODS is mainly used for non-nuclear applications. In order to justify the applicability of this material within a neutron irradiative environment, the evolution of radiation damage must be investigated. PM2000 samples are therefore exposed to 4He2+ irradiation at different temperatures. The potential structural change is measured as a function of the radiation parameters, using Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy on the yttrium K-edge and on the iron K-edge. A degradation of the dispersoids or the steel matrix would show the limitation of this material candidate.

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16

Dayan, A., A. Olbinsky, and G. Mittelman. "On the Design and Analysis of a Pyrheliometer Comprising a Convex Lens." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 126, no. 3 (July 19, 2004): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1758724.

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A novel pyrheliometer, based on a solar irradiance concentration method, has been designed, constructed and calibrated. An analytical model of the instrument was developed and incorporated for the design and investigation of the instrument performance. The apparatus contains a small receiver that intercepts and absorbs the solar beam irradiation near the focus of a convex lens, by which the flux is concentrated. The irradiated receiver area is isothermal owing to its small dimensions and high thermal conductivity. Therefore, a single thermo-couple is sufficient to measure the temperature difference between the receiver irradiated area and its surroundings. The solar irradiative flux is evaluated by substituting the recorded temperature difference into, either, a linear experimental calibration chart or into a linear characteristic formula that was derived analytically. The instrument calibration was performed at the Israeli Institute of Standards, using an EPLAB normal incidence pyrheliometer as a reference. The new instrument is inexpensive, simple and portable. Its accuracy is suitable for routine field measurements of direct solar beam irradiation. The analytical model is typical to many solar radiation collection problems and could be considered as useful analytical tool, beyond the specific purpose for which it was developed.

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17

SAWAI, JUN, YASUHIKO ISOMURA, TAKAYUKI HONMA, and HAJIME KENMOCHI. "Characteristics of the Inactivation of Escherichia coli by Infrared Irradiative Heating." Biocontrol Science 11, no. 2 (2006): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4265/bio.11.85.

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18

Wang, Chunlei, Jingkun Xu, Yanbin Wang, Shuhong Xu, Zhengqing Qi, Changgui Lu, and Yiping Cui. "Manipulation of Irradiative Defects at MnSe and ZnSe Dopant-Host Interface." Advanced Functional Materials 26, no. 24 (April 26, 2016): 4274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201505172.

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19

Veerabhadra Rao, K., Ch Ramesh, S. Shesha Devi, Padala Ashok, Ravi Kumar Guntu, G. Bhikshamaiah, and B. Appa Rao. "Irradiative thermoluminescence, and defect center analysis in Ni2+ ionic CaAl2SiO6 glass lattice." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 170 (November 2022): 110938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2022.110938.

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20

Tang, Jing, Fanan Zeng, Howard Savage, Peng Pei Ho, and R. R. Alfano. "Laser irradiative tissue probed in situ by collagen 380-nm fluorescence imaging." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 27, no. 2 (2000): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-9101(2000)27:2<158::aid-lsm7>3.0.co;2-i.

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21

Sun, Ling Yan, and Chao Yang. "Numerical Investigation on Laser-Assisted Flow Forming Process." Key Engineering Materials 620 (August 2014): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.29.

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Recent years laser-assisted manufacturing techniques are increasingly the focus of the automotive and aerospace industry due to cost price, low energy efficiency and safety. Among these techniques is laser-assisted flow forming process that combines laser beam technology with conventional flow forming process. During forming the material undergoes a rapidly heating and cooling cycles with the irradiative action of the laser beam, which is quite different from the traditional process. A transient three-dimensional model was developed to investigate the influence of laser irradiation on the forming process, in which a user-defined function was created to overcome the problem of a moving Gaussian heating source. The result indicates that a ring-shaped temperature field is acquired when the heating source scans workpiece along a thread; the deformation area on the workpiece during forming is extensively and continuously heated by intense laser radiation and the thermally induced loss of material strength significantly increases the formability concerning the achievable material reduction rate and tool service life; the possibility of accuracy improvement by laser assistance has been investigated and an accuracy error decreases 10%-28.5%.

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22

SAEKI, Fumihiro. "Optical interference effect on irradiative heating problem for liquid film/solid substrate system." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2014.27 (2014): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2014.27.718.

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Ovchinnikov, Mikhail Yu, Vyacheslav A. Antipin, and Sergey L. Khursan. "Thermostimulated luminescence of poly(diphenylenephthalide) films. Kinetics and mechanistic steps of irradiative processes." Journal of Luminescence 218 (February 2020): 116869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116869.

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Mirsephai, Ali, Morteza Mohammadzaheri, Lei Chen, and Brian O'Neill. "An artificial intelligence approach to inverse heat transfer modeling of an irradiative dryer." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 39, no. 1 (January 2012): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.09.015.

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Wang, Fuqiang, Jianyu Tan, Shuai Yong, Heping Tan, and Shuangxia Chu. "Thermal performance analyses of porous media solar receiver with different irradiative transfer models." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 78 (November 2014): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.06.035.

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Erak, Marko, Aljosa Mandic, Milutin Baucal, Petar Novakovic, Dragica Erak, and Biljana Bugarcic. "Interstitial brachytherapy with 192Ir in vulvar cancer." Archive of Oncology 14, no. 1-2 (2006): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0602052e.

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Vulvar cancer accounts for 5% of all female genital cancers and 1% of all malignancies in women. A female patient, 78 years old, with diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of vulva stage II, was admitted to our Institution in January 2004. An exophytic tumor, size 6 x 3.5 cm which infiltrated subcutis in the area of the upper two-thirds of labia majora dexter was found during gynecological examination. Inguinal nodes were negative. Our choice was to perform interstitial brachytherapy. During the control checkup in September 2005 no tumor was observed and its previous location was transformed in fibrous tissue with shallow post-irradiative crater.

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Deohate, Pradip P., and Roshani S. Mulani. "Microwave Irradiative Synthesis of Triazine Substituted Pyrazoles and Study of Antitubercular and Antimicrobial Activities." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 5 (March 28, 2019): 1087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21826.

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Microwave irradiative synthesis of triazine substituted pyrazoles i.e. (4-benzylideneamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yl)-(5-methyl-2-substituted benzoyl/isonicotinoyl/cinnamoyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-amines have been achieved by the cyclocondensation of N-(4-benzylideneamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yl)-3-oxo butyramide with substituted acid hydrazides. Synthesis of required butyramide was done by reacting 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazine with benzaldehyde and then condensing the product with ethyl acetoacetate. Structural investigation of synthesized compounds has been done by chemical transformation, elemental analysis and IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral studies. Study of antitubercular and antimicrobial activity of title compounds against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms was performed to establish the relationship between structure and activity of compound.

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Rose, Timothy P., Robert E. Criss, and George R. Rossman. "Irradiative coloration of quartz and feldspars with application to preparing high-purity mineral separates." Chemical Geology 114, no. 1-2 (May 1994): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90051-5.

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Mirsepahi, Ali, Lei Chen, and Brian O'Neill. "A comparative artificial intelligence approach to inverse heat transfer modeling of an irradiative dryer." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 41 (February 2013): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.09.011.

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Malucelli, Giulio. "Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Coatings for Flame-Retardant Cotton Fabrics: Recent Advances." Coatings 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040333.

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Surface-engineered coatings for the fire protection of cotton are being increasing used thanks to the ease of application of the coatings and their effectiveness in preventing flame propagation and improving resistance to irradiative heat flux exposure. Two main approaches have been extensively investigated, namely sol-gel derived coatings and layer-by-layer assemblies. These approaches are both capable of providing treated fabrics with outstanding flame-retardant features. Notwithstanding, according to the composition of the sol-gel recipes and the type of deposited layers, it is possible to design multifunctional (for example hydrophobic and electrically conductive) treatments. This review aims at discussing recent advances with respect to both strategies, highlighting current limitations, open challenges, and possible advances.

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Sawai, J., T. Nakai, and M. Shimizu. "Reducing Sugar Production in Sweet Potatoes Heated by Electromagnetic Radiation." Food Science and Technology International 15, no. 1 (February 2009): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013208102740.

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The apparent reaction rate constant needed to generate reducing sugar was determined by heating a thin slice of sweet potato using thermal conductive heating. This value was used to predict reducing sugar production in sweet potatoes cooked by electromagnetic irradiation. The generation of reducing sugar in the thin slice was not observed at temperatures <65°C or >85°C, but it increased linearly during the early stage of heating. The Arrhenius plot had a peak of approximately 83°C, allowing determination of the values for activation energy and frequency factor. Then, using the values obtained for apparent reaction rate constant, the yields of reducing sugar in sweet potatoes cooked by infrared (IR) and microwave (MW) heating were calculated and compared with experimental data. Although the calculated values exceeded the experimental values in the early stages of electromagnetic irradiative heating, the calculated amounts of reducing sugar generally agreed with the experimental values. Moreover, when the time needed to heat the sweet potato from 65°C to 85 °C was longer than approximately 8 min, the yield of reducing sugar was maximized for both MW and IR heating. These results indicated that the yield of reducing sugar did not depend on the heat transfer mechanism and that the amount of reducing sugar produced in heat-treated sweet potatoes could be predicted.

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ZHAN, WENLONG, HUSHAN XU, ZHIYU SUN, GUOQING XIAO, JIAWEN XIA, HONGWEI ZHAO, MINGTAO SONG, YOUJIN YUAN, and HIRFL-CSR GROUP. "PRESENT STATUS OF HIRFL IN LANZHOU." International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 08 (November 2006): 1941–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306005526.

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HIRFL has been upgraded for basic research on nuclear physics, atomic physics, irradiative material and biology from beginning of this decade. So far, the main performances of HIRFL have improved in the beam species from light ion to uranium and the maximum beam intensities reaching ~10μA from SFC, 1.5 μA from SSC. Therefore, some experiments have been performed during this period, especially, on new isotope synthesis and unstable nuclear physics. The new upgrading project Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) is under commissioning by ~2p μA carbon beam stripping injection. About 109 C ion have stored inside CSRm, and part of them have been cooling down by the electron cooler. The acceleration of CSRm also has been test successful. Some future experiment are under development.

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Al-Rajhi, Mohammad. "Magnetic Field Irradiative Pollutions due to Technical Faults in the Internal Electrical Wiring in Buildings." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science 20, no. 2 (2008): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/sci.20-2.12.

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Hofmeister, Anne M., and George R. Rossman. "A model for the irradiative coloration of smoky feldspar and the inhibiting influence of water." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 12, no. 6 (1985): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00654342.

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35

Mirsepahi, Ali, Morteza Mohammadzaheri, Lei Chen, and Brian O'Neill. "Erratum to “An artificial intelligence approach to inverse heat transfer modeling of an irradiative dryer”." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 39, no. 6 (July 2012): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.05.001.

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36

Du, Kai, Rong Hui Wei, Ya Nan Bai, Yadi Gu, and Li Ben Li. "Synthesis of MoO₃ Nanostructures by a Solution Method." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.494.

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Synthesis and characterization of microsheets, microrods, microflowers and microspheres of orthorhombic phase molybdenum oxide (MoO3) were reported. The reaction between ammonium molybdate and hydrochloric acid was used to prepare MoO3microstructures and followed by annealing in air at 400oCfor 2h. The combined techniques of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the effect of pH and additives on the as-prepared samples. Results indicated that they were of microsize. With alcohol as an additive, the sample was plate-like MoO3at pH=2.5, and it was a mixture of MoO3and MoO3•0.55H2O of irradiative corolla at pH=1. The sample obtained by hydrothermal was MoO3flowers. Meanwhile, when silane coupling agent was introduced as the additive, the sample was MoO3spheres.

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37

Stratakis, Manolis, and Manolis Stavroulakis. "Electron transfer-induced dehydrogenation reactions within methyl viologen-supported zeolite Na-Y under non-irradiative conditions." Tetrahedron Letters 42, no. 36 (September 2001): 6409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01265-5.

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38

Saeki, Fumihiro, Shigehisa Fukui, and Hiroshige Matsuoka. "Optical interference effect on pattern formation in thin liquid films on solid substrates induced by irradiative heating." Physics of Fluids 23, no. 11 (November 2011): 112102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3657433.

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39

Mirsepahi, Ali, Lei Chen, and Brian O'Neill. "A comparative approach of inverse modelling applied to an irradiative batch dryer employing several artificial neural networks." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (April 2014): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2014.02.028.

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40

Li, Qian, Changxu Ji, Limin Jia, and Yong Qin. "Effect of Height on Pedestrian Route Choice between Stairs and Escalator." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/965305.

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In order to overcome the subjectivity of existing pedestrian route choice models, an alternative choice model is presented based on the utility equation. It is composed of several indirectly objective characteristic variables, including the height, length, and width of interlayer facilities; speed of automated facilities; and carry-on luggage. Considering the scene that pedestrians choose between the stairs or escalators, an extended binary logit model is developed. Calibration and validation of the model are accomplished by using the data collected in four typical passenger transfer stations in Beijing, China. The results show that the proposed model has an average accuracy of 86.56% in bidirection for predicting pedestrians’ behavior. An interesting phenomenon can be found that the length of facility has poorer impact than height on pedestrians’ route choice behavior. Some quantitative and irradiative conclusions have been illustrated on the relationship between the selection probability and the variables, which is expected to be valuable for extracting the implicit theoretical mechanism of passenger choice behavior.

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41

Lucas, J. T., B. Sharma, C. A. Billups, I. Qaddoumi, T. E. Merchant, R. C. Brennan, and M. W. Wilson. "Prior Non-Irradiative Focal Therapies Do Not Compromise the Efficacy of Delayed Episcleral Plaque Brachytherapy (epBRT) in Retinoblastoma." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 96, no. 2 (October 2016): E550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2005.

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42

Yang, J., B. J. Chen, E. Y. B. Pun, B. Zhai, and H. Lin. "Pr^3+-doped heavy metal germanium tellurite glasses for irradiative light source in minimally invasive photodynamic therapy surgery." Optics Express 21, no. 1 (January 9, 2013): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.001030.

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43

Azevedo, Pedro V. de, Carlos A. C. dos Santos, Paulo C. da S. Lima, Mário de M. V. B. Ramos Leitão, Gertrudes M. de Oliveira, and Raphael Abrahão. "Effect of the Plastic Cover on the Productivity and Profitability of Vineyard in the São Francisco River Valley, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 35, no. 1 (March 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-7786351008.

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Abstract Data from field experiments conducted in vineyards table grape variety of Festival in Petrolina-PE, from October/2009 to November/2010, were used to evaluate the influence of the plastic cover on productivity and economic profitability of the viticulture in the São Francisco River Valley. Three treatments were studied: uncovered canopy (UC), plastic cover placed at 50 cm above the canopy (PC50), and a plastic cover placed at 100 cm above the canopy (PC100). The results indicated that the increased supply of radiative fluxes at the height of the berries in the treatment PC100 contributed to higher productivity, while treatment PC50 had the lowest offer of irradiative fluxes at the height of berries and much lower productivity. The yield obtained in the treatment PC100 exceeded 11 t ha-1 and 12.3 t ha-1 to those of treatments at UC and PC50, respectively. Treatment PC100 also had the lowest amounts of defects of berries, which contributed to higher total revenue. By contrast, treatment PC50 had markedly lower productivity, which represented considerable economic losses.

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44

De, Rajib Lai, and Heinrich Vahrenkamp. "Synthesen neuer Fe–P-Käfigverbindungen / Syntheses of New Fe–P Cage Compounds." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 41, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1986-0302.

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Four reaction types were used with the aim of obtaining new cage compounds of composition Fex(CO)y(PR)z- with R = Me, Ph, Tol: oxidation of the compounds Fe2(CO)6(PHR)2, photolysis thereof, reaction between RPCF and Fe2(CO)82- . and reaction between P-Cl containing iron complexes and Fe(CO)42_. Besides several known products, e.g. Fe3(CO)9(PR)2 or Fe4(CO)11(PR)2, and derivatives of the Fe2(CO)6(PRX)2 butterfly type complexes, the new octabisvalene shaped compounds Fe4(CO)2(PR)4 with R = Me, Ph, Tol were obtained and confirmed by a crystal structure analysis for R = Me, Side products of the oxidative conversions were Fe4(CO)12(P2Me2)(MeP-C2H4-PMe) and Fe4(CO)12(P2Tol2)(PHTol)2 which can be derived from the octabisvalene type. Side products of the irradiative conversions were Fe3(CO)8(PPh)(PHPh)2 and (CO)3Fe(μ-PHPh)2Fe(CO)(C6H8). the structure of the latter being proved crystallographically.

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Misak, Heath E., James L. Rutledge, Eric D. Swenson, and Shankar Mall. "Thermal Transport Properties of Dry Spun Carbon Nanotube Sheets." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9174085.

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The thermal properties of carbon nanotube- (CNT-) sheet were explored and compared to copper in this study. The CNT-sheet was made from dry spinning CNTs into a nonwoven sheet. This nonwoven CNT-sheet has anisotropic properties in in-plane and out-of-plane directions. The in-plane direction has much higher thermal conductivity than the out-of-plane direction. The in-plane thermal conductivity was found by thermal flash analysis, and the out-of-plane thermal conductivity was found by a hot disk method. The thermal irradiative properties were examined and compared to thermal transport theory. The CNT-sheet was heated in the vacuum and the temperature was measured with an IR Camera. The heat flux of CNT-sheet was compared to that of copper, and it was found that the CNT-sheet has significantly higher specific heat transfer properties compared to those of copper. CNT-sheet is a potential candidate to replace copper in thermal transport applications where weight is a primary concern such as in the automobile, aircraft, and space industries.

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46

He, Jia, Chongde Long, Zixin Huang, Xin Zhou, Xielan Kuang, Lanying Liu, Huijun Liu, et al. "PTEN Reduced UVB-Mediated Apoptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3681707.

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness and progressive loss of central vision in the elderly population. The important factor of AMD pathogenesis is the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by oxidative stress. Inactivation of PTEN can disrupt intercellular adhesion in the RPE cells, but the mechanism of oxidative stress is less known. Here we presented evidence that UVB-mediated oxidative stress induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Downregulation of the expression of PTEN in UVB-irradiative RPE cells triggered DNA damage and increased the level of UVB-induced apoptosis by activating p53-dependent pathway. However, overexpression of PTEN increased cell survival by suppressing p-H2A in response to DNA damage and apoptosis. When using Pifithrin-α(one of p53 inhibitors), the level of p53-dependent apoptosis was significantly lower than untreated, which suggested that p53 was possibly involved in PTEN-dependent apoptosis. Thus, it elucidated the molecular mechanisms of UVB-induced damage in RPE cells and may offer an alternative therapeutic target in dry AMD.

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Tojino, Mami, Yuriko Hirose, and Mamoru Mizuno. "Convenient synthesis of glycosyl bromide from 1-O-acetyl sugars by photo-irradiative phase-vanishing reaction of molecular bromine." Tetrahedron Letters 54, no. 52 (December 2013): 7124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.088.

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48

Mirsepahi, Ali, Arash Mehdizadeh, Lei Chen, Brian O’Neill, and Morteza Mohammadzaheri. "Comparison of inverse modelling and optimization-based methods in the heat flux estimation problem of an irradiative dryer/furnace." Journal of Computational Science 19 (March 2017): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2017.01.007.

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49

Hsu, Yang, Joy Thomas, Chang Tang Chang, and Chih Ming Ma. "Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotic and Hydrogen Production by Iron Doped Cerium(IV) Oxide." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 3099–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19150.

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Norfloxacin (NF) is an emerging antibiotic contaminant due to its significant accumulation in the environment. Photocatalytic degradation is an effective method for removing emerging contaminant compounds in aqueous solution; however, it is not commonly applied because of the poor solubility of contaminant compounds in water. In this study, a photocatalytic degradation experiment was carried out on NF using a self-made ceria catalyst. At an initial concentration of NF of 2.5 mg L−1, the dosage of CeO2 was 0.1 g L−1 photocatalyst in water, and the initial pH of the NF solution was 8.0. With a reaction time of 180 min, the total removal rate of NF could reach 95%. Additionally, the studies on hydrogen production show that the maximum hydrogen production with 2% Fe–CeO2 can reach 25,670 μmol h−1 g−1 under close to 8 W of 365 nm, a methanol concentration of 20%, and a catalyst dose of 0.1 g L−1 photocatalyst in water. Furthermore, the intensities of photoluminescence (PL) emission peaks decreased with increased Fe-doped amounts on CeO2, suggesting that the irradiative recombination seemed to be weakened.

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Chello, M. "Changes in the proportion of types I and III collagen in the left ventricular wall of patients with post-irradiative pericarditis." Cardiovascular Surgery 4, no. 2 (April 1996): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-2109(96)82320-9.

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