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Academic literature on the topic 'Irradiation quality'

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Published: 14 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Irradiation quality"

Lopes, F., R. C. G. Rocha, E. Munhoz, F. C. Trigo, V. B. E. R. Feijó, M. Fernandes, T. C. De Paula, L. G. Padilha Filho, and G. S. Araujo. "Quality control in blood irradiation." Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences 11, no. 1A (June 6, 2023): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2183.

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Irradiation is a technique used in hemotherapy to functionally inactivateviable lymphocytes, in cellular blood components, to reduce the risk of Transfusion-associated Graft-versus-Host Disease (AT-GVHD), is rare but letal. One way to avoid it is to irradiate blood componentes in situations such as: intrauterine transfusion, newborns, patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy in bone marrow transplantation. Thus, it is extremely important that blood component is irradiated and, above all, ensure that the minimum dose is 25 Gy.The blood policy in Brazil is implemented through laws and normative decrees, giving rise to a legal system that underpins the actions of hemotherapy services. In order to correct verify absorbed doses and the quality assurance process as well as the safety for the irradiator operators we describe in this paper a several of physical measurements that is mandatory to support a physicist to evaluate the quality assurance during and after the irradiation process. The results obtained from this physical measurements provided a guarantee of proper radiation dose used in hemotherapy as well as methods and procedures applied to protect the patient, employees and general public due to procedure of blood irradiation accordling the Technical Regulation of Hemotherapy Procedures of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and safety regulations by National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN).

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Castell-Perez, E., M. Moreno, O. Rodriguez, and R. G. Moreira. "Electron Beam Irradiation Treatment of Cantaloupes: Effect on Product Quality." Food Science and Technology International 10, no. 6 (December 2004): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013204049385.

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Despite the impressive advances in electron beam irradiation, the technology is not ready for application to all types of fresh and/or minimally processed fruits and vegetables. The relationships between food product quality (nutrients, colour and texture) and irradiation dose are still needed. Cantaloupes ( Cucumis melo, L.) have become a product of interest due to the recent food-borne illness outbreaks related to their consumption in the United States and other countries. The main goal of this study was to verify whether treatment of cantaloupes using electron beam technology has any detrimental effects on the product quality. Whole and fresh-cut packaged cantaloupes were irradiated using a linear electron beam accelerator with the single beam (10MeV) fixture. Samples were stored at 10°C for zero, 4, 8 and 12 days along with control (non-irradiated) samples and tested for colour, texture (firmness), size (density), sugars and carotene content to determine the effect of irradiation dose level (1.0, 1.5 and 3.1kGy). Results indicated that irradiation of cantaloupes, as whole fruits with dose up to 1.0kGy, caused no significant changes on the fruit’s physical and nutritional quality attributes. Irradiating at higher doses had an undesirable effect on product quality. The fresh-cut packaged cantaloupe may be irradiated up to 1.5kGy without worsening the product quality attributes. In both cases, carotene content slightly increased as irradiation dose increased. In general, samples irradiated with dose levels between 1.0-1.5kGy had better quality attributes than the non-irradiated samples.

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Byun, Kye-Hwan, Min-Jung Cho, Shin-Young Park, Hyang Sook Chun, and Sang-Do Ha. "Effects of gamma ray, electron beam, and X-ray on the reduction of Aspergillus flavus on red pepper powder (Capsicum annuum L.) and gochujang (red pepper paste)." Food Science and Technology International 25, no. 8 (June 18, 2019): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013219857019.

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Aspergillus flavus is the potential pathogenic mold in red pepper powder ( Capsicum annuum L.) and gochujang (red pepper paste), which can produce mycotoxins. This study investigated the effects of gamma ray, e-beam, and X-ray irradiation on the reduction of A. flavus on red pepper powder and gochujang and physicochemical and sensory quality changes. Gamma ray and e-beam at 3.5 kGy reduced A. flavus effectively (>4 log), without deteriorating the physicochemical quality. Same dose of X-ray did not cause any deterioration of the physicochemical quality. However, reduction effect of A. flavus in red pepper powder and gochujang by 3.5 kGy X-ray was under 2 log. Further, sensory quality analysis showed no significant difference in color, appearance, texture, and overall acceptability after three irradiations. However, flavor changes of red pepper powder and gochujang after three irradiations were mentioned by panelists. In this study, gamma ray and e-beam irradiation were effective in eliminating A. flavus present in red pepper powder and gochujang, but X-ray irradiation was not effective. The results indicate gamma ray and e-beam are effective in controlling microorganisms present in powdery or paste foods, but the X-ray was not effective.

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Nonnecke, G. R., D. G. Olson, C. A. Reitmeier, R. J. Gladon, and M. L. Gleason. "NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR IRRADIATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 469a—469. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.469a.

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The fruit and vegetable industry attempts to deliver to the consumer products of the highest quality. Irradiation of fruits and vegetables may allow the industry to achieve this goal more efficiently. A new and developing technology for enhancing food quality and safety is irradiation by using an electron beam linear accelerator, a source of high-speed electrons and x-rays. Advantages provided by this method of irradiation, as compared with other forms of irradiation, are: the direct use of electrons or conversion to x-rays; increased flexibility for irradiating a variety of products; variation of the irradiation dosage and energy level; no requirement for specialized safety equipment for installation of the facility; minimum operating cost of the facility when not in use; an immediate electrical disconnection when the facility is not in use; and, the source of energy for irradiation is not radioactive. The technology associated with electron beam irradiation is dynamic and continues to improve as more research is completed. The electron beam linear accelerator facility at Iowa State University has been commissioned and is operational. The facility and the process for irradiation of several agricultural products will be described. Also, preliminary data on electron beam irradiation of strawberries will be presented.

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Popelářová, Eva, Eva Vlková, Roman Švejstil, and Lenka Kouřimská. "The Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Representation and Growth of Moulds in Nuts and Almonds." Foods 11, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11020221.

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Microwave (MW) irradiation is a non-destructive method that can be applied as an alternative method to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The present study evaluated the effect of MW irradiation on the occurrence of moulds in nuts and almonds. Samples of unshelled natural almonds, pistachios, and in-shell peanuts were treated with different doses of MW irradiation (2400–4000 W). The effect of MW irradiation on mould counts was evaluated by cultivating immediately after irradiation and after 3 and 6 months of storage. The most represented genera in all analysed samples were Aspergillus (68%), Penicillium (21%), and a small amount of Cladosporium (3%). Mould numbers significantly decreased after MW treatment. The treatments with MW irradiations at 3000 and 4000 W significantly reduced the mould colony counts, and their effect persisted during storage; irradiation at 2400 W was partially effective. The strongest effect of MW irradiation was observed in in-shell peanuts. MW irradiation seems to be a promising method for maintaining the microbiological quality of nuts.

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Nyamakwere, Faith, Giulia Esposito, Kennedy Dzama, Pieter Gouws, Teresa Rapisarda, Giovanni Belvedere, Felicia Masucci, and Emiliano Raffrenato. "Application of Gamma Irradiation Treatment on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of an Artisanal Hard Cheese." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 19, 2022): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063142.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gamma irradiation, applied to different cheese sample sizes (250g and 500 g), against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, coliforms and aerobic colony counts. The effects on cheese physicochemical and odour properties and all costs involved for the treatment were quantified. The Cobalt-60 γ-irradiator was used at a maximum dose of 5.0 kGy. The values for cheese moisture (28.6%), ash (3.78%), pH (5.1), protein (29.6%), fat (30.7%), salt (1.95%) and water activity (0.92%) were within the acceptable ranges for hard cheese after gamma irradiation treatment. The colour (yellowness, redness, chroma and hue angle) and texture (cohesiveness and springiness) values decreased (p < 0.05) with the treatment. Compounds such as safrole, acetylpyrazine, thiophene, 3,5-octadien-2-one and 1-Octen-3-one were present after the treatment, regardless of sample size. The gamma irradiation treatment resulted in 100%, 87.2%, 85.1% and 77.3% reduction in L. monocytogenes, coliforms, E. coli and aerobic colony counts, respectively. The study highlighted the efficacy of irradiation treatment and its affordability for resource-limited producers.

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Lazareva, Yu A., and I. M. Lebedenko. "Quantitative Assessment of the Quality of External Radiotherapy Planning for Patients with Prostate Cancer." Meditsinskaya Fizika 94, no. 2 (July 12, 2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52775/1810-200x-2022-94-2-12-19.

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Purpose. To quantify the quality of treatment planning for patients with prostate cancer for three different radiotherapy technologies. Materials and methods. The quality of irradiation planning was assessed using the index of homogeneity, conformality and comparison of critical organs doses for 40 patients with prostate cancer using various irradiation technologies: 3D conformal radiation therapy 3DCRT, radiation therapy with intensity modulation IMRT, radiation therapy with intensity modulation in rotation mode RapidArc. The technologies are implemented on conventional electron accelerators of the Clinac iX (Varian, USA), Clinac 2300 CD (Varian, USA) and UniquePower (Varian, USA) models with a nominal photon radiation energy 6 and 18 MeV. Results. The dependences of the homogeneity indices HI, conformality CI within the target, and critical organs doses on the irradiation technology for patients with prostate cancer were obtained. Taking into account the predictive capabilities of the HI index for relapse-free survival, the optimal technology for irradiating patients was chosen. It has been shown that Rapid Arc technology dominates for prostate cancer.

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Nikolic, Dejan, Aleksandra Vasic, Djordje Lazarevic, and Marija Obrenovic. "Improvement possibilities of the I-V characteristics of PIN photodiodes damaged by gamma irradiation." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 28, no. 1 (2013): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1301084n.

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This paper presents the behavior of PIN photodiodes after combined gamma and neutron irradiation. Different types of PIN photodiodes have been exposed first to gamma and then to neutron irradiation. I-V characteristics (current dependence on voltage) of photodiodes have been measured after each of these irradiations. It has been noted that the photocurrent level after the neutron irradiation is higher than before it, which is not consistent with the current theories about the effects of neutron radiation on semiconductors. In order to explain this behavior of the photodiodes, the Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport through the material has been used. It is proposed that a possible cause for current enhancement are defects in semiconductor created by gamma irradiation and effects of neutron irradiation on these defects. The results can be explained by an intercentre transfer of charge between defects in close proximity to each other. The aim of this paper is to investigate the improvement possibilities of the I-V characteristics of PIN photodiodes, and photodetectors in general, damaged by gamma irradiation.

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Rittmann, K. L. "Quality assurance in total body irradiation." Reports of Practical Oncology 1, no. 2 (January 1996): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1428-2267(96)70101-1.

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Rittmann, K. L. "Quality assurance in total body irradiation." Reports of Practical Oncology 2, no. 2 (January 1997): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1428-2267(97)70139-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Irradiation quality"

Moreno, Tinjaca Maria Alexandra. "Effect of electron beam irradiation on quality and shelf-life of Tommy Atkins mango (Mangifera indica l.) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbsum l.)." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4726.

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The main goal of this research was to determine the feasibility of using electron beam irradiation as an alternative disinfestation technology while preserving the overall quality of mangoes, and to verify its suitability for the preservation shelf life of blueberries. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits were evaluated. Mangoes were irradiated at 1.0, 1.5 and 3.1 kGy using a 10MeV (10 kW) linear accelerator (LINAC) with double beam fixture. Samples were stored at 12ÃÂºC and 62.7% RH for 21 days. Blueberries packed in plastic clamshell containers were irradiated at 1.1, 1.6 and 3.2 kGy doses using the same linear accelerator with a single beam. The shelf life of the berries stored at 5ÃÂºC and 70.4% RH was evaluated for 14 days. The firmness of mangoes irradiated at 1.5 and 3.1 kGy significantly (p > 0.05) decreased during storage. There was a reduction of total sugars (8.1% and 14.1%) in samples irradiated at 1.0 kGy and 1.5 kGy, respectively. All irradiated mangoes had significantly lower (50- 70 %) ascorbic acid content throughout storage. The phenolic compounds increased in samples irradiated at 1.5 kGy (27.4%) and 3.1 kGy) (18.3%). Sensory evaluation of the fruits irradiated with 3.1 kGy showed significantly less acceptability for overall quality, color, texture and aroma. Irradiation of blueberries at 1.1 kGy had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the fruits' physicochemical characteristics with the exception of ascorbic acid which decreased by 17% after 14 days. A significant decrease in texture (firmness) of irradiated berries was observed during storage time. Total sugars decreased in all irradiated fruits while total phenolics and tannins increased (10 -20%). Sensory attributes of samples irradiated with 1.1 kGy and 1.6 kGy were found acceptable by the panelists. The high dose-treated fruits were considered unacceptable. The results from this research suggest that a 1.5 kGy is the best treatment to maintain the quality attributes of mangoes and increase the shelf life by three days. The electron beam irradiation of packed blueberries at doses of 1.1 and 1.6 kGy ensures and enhances the quality and the shelf life of blueberries up to 14 days.

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Tewfik, Ihab Hamdy. "Rapid methods for the identification of gamma irradiated lipid containing foods." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267387.

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Schmidt, Heather Martin. "Improving the microbiological quality and safety of fresh-cut tomatoes by low dose electron beam irradiation." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2767.

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The effect of electron beam irradiation upon microbiological quality and safety of fresh-cut tomatoes was studied. Preliminary studies were conducted to ensure reliability of the rifampicin-resistant strain versus the parent strain of Salmonella serovar Montevideo for use in this study. Growth curve, heat tolerance and lactic acid resistance studies were performed, all of which showed no differences in behavior between the organisms. Fresh tomatoes were obtained from a local supplier and then cut into cubes with stem scars being separated. Both cubes and stem scars were inoculated with a rifampicin- resistant strain of either Salmonella Montevideo or Salmonella Agona, separated into treatment groups and treated by electron beam irradiation at 0.0 kGy (control), 0.7 kGy or 0.95 kGy. The effect of electron beam irradiation was determined for Salmonella, yeast, mold, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) populations as well as pH on tomato cubes and stem scars over a 15-day storage period at 4??C. Results indicated that while irradiation treatment significantly reduced most microbial populations on tomato samples, there were no differences in the microbial populations between treatments of 0.7 kGy or 0.95 kGy. Irradiation at either dose resulted in a significant reduction of Salmonella Montevideo when compared to the control, with an initial reduction of 1.8 and 2.2 log10 CFU/g on tomatoes for 0.7 kGy and 0.95 kGy, respectively. LAB, yeasts and molds were more resistant to the treatment than Salmonella. Populations present on stem scars and tomato cubes did experience some differences in log reductions, possibly due to the protective effect of the stem scar on microorganisms. However, no differences were detected between the two Salmonella serotypes in response to irradiation treatment. This study indicates that doses of irradiation greater than 1 kGy should be used in fresh-cut tomatoes to eliminate significant populations of pathogens, as well as to ensure the microbial quality of the product. Additional studies also need to be conducted to examine the effects of higher irradiation doses on the sensory qualities of fresh-cut tomatoes.

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Anderson, Cody. "Benchmarking of different solar spectra quality control methods." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201343/1/Cody_Anderson_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis addresses the current lack of quality control tools available to assess solar spectral irradiance measurements. Spectral measurements are very data rich and can be overwhelming to manually check. The purpose of this project was aimed towards developing a solar spectra data screening method and ultimately create an automated quality control and assurance tool. Measured spectra were assessed as good or bad by comparing them to the spectral model AeroSMARTS. Efficacy of the novel methodologies was demonstrated by cross comparison with a manually screened reference dataset.

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Palekar, Mangesh Prafull. "Attachment of Salmonella on cantaloupe and effect of electron beam irradiation on quality and safety of sliced cantaloupe." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3285.

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Increase in consumption of fresh produce over the past decade has resulted in a rise in incidents of foodborne outbreaks due to pathogens. Chemical sanitizers have been extensively used in the industry for decontamination of fresh produce. However, they are ineffective in certain commodities and under certain processing conditions, necessitating the evaluation of alternative technologies. Electron beam irradiated sliced cantaloupe were tested for 21 days of storage for total aerobic bacterial counts, texture, color and sensory parameters as a function of irradiation doses 0, 0.7 and 1.4 kGy and the wash treatments, water and 200 mg/L chlorine applied to the melons before cutting. Melons washed only with water prior to cutting had total aerobic bacterial counts of 4.0, 2.0 and 0.8 log cfu/g on day 0 at irradiation doses of 0, 0.7 and 1.4 kGy respectively. On day 0, melons washed with chlorine prior to cutting had total aerobic bacterial counts of 2.7, and 0.7 log cfu/g at irradiation doses of 0 and 0.7 kGy and below detection limit at 1.4 kGy. Texture measured as compression force was lower only for cantaloupe irradiated at 1.4 kGy. Irradiation did not affect objective color and descriptive attribute flavor and texture sensory attributes of cantaloupe. Irradiation reduced Salmonella Poona by 1.1 log cfu/g at 0.7 kGy and 3.6 log cfu/g at 1.5 kGy. The D-value of S. Poona on irradiated sliced cantaloupe was found to be 0.211 kGy. Among the spoilage organisms, lactic acid bacteria and mold were reduced effectively by irradiation but there was no significant effect on reduction of yeasts. Our results show that electron beam irradiation in combination with chemical sanitizers is effective in decontamination of fresh-cut produce. Electron microscopy images provided valuable information on attachment sites of S. Poona on cantaloupe rind. The ineffectiveness of chemical sanitizers due to possible inaccessibility to pathogens in these attachment sites provides the basis for application of irradiation in decontamination of fresh produce.

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Silva, Marcus Henriques da. "Efeitos da radiação gama do cobalto-60 em semente de café arábica e conillon: avaliação físico-química." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-18012013-141525/.

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O Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador de café do mundo. O café em grãos é um dos principais produtos da balança comercial brasileira. Duas espécies de café são as mais importantes economicamente: o Coffea arabica L. e Coffea canephora Pierre sendo o maior representante do Coffea canephora Pierre o conillon. A irradiação de alimentos é uma área de pesquisa que tem por objetivo aumentar a vida útil de prateleira dos alimentos e controlar as pragas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se as variáveis físico-químicas do café arábica e conillon foram afetadas quando submetidas à doses de radiação gama do Cobalto-60. As amostras foram cedidas pelo Polo de Tecnologia em Qualidade do Café da Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA. As amostras de café foram submetidas à irradiação com doses de: 0 (testemunha), 5 kGy e 10 kGy, em um irradiador multiproposito do IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energética e Nucleares da Universidade de São Paulo, sob uma taxa de 7,5 kGy/hora. Para a irradiação as amostras foram embaladas a vácuo em embalagens aluminizadas apropriadas. Após o processo de irradiação as amostras foram armazenadas a uma temperatura de 15 ± 1ºC e umidade relativa de 17 ± 1%. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises: teores de açucares totais, glicose, sacarose, cafeína, umidade, pH, acidez total titulável, fibras e condutividade elétrica. As análises foram realizadas 1, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a irradiação e os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Observou-se que os resultados das análises das amostras irradiadas com doses de 5 kGy e 10 kGy apresentaram valores semelhantes ao da testemunha. Foi concluído que a irradiação não induziu efeitos deletérios nas sementes de café arábica e conillon irradiados com 5 kGy e 10 kGy até 90 dias após a irradiação
Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of coffee in the world. The coffee bean is one of the main products of the Brazilian trade balance. Two species of coffee are the most economically important: the Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora Pierre is the largest representative of the Coffea canephora Pierre is the coffea conillon. Food irradiation is an area of research that aims to increase the shelf life of foods and controlling pests. This study aimed to verify the physicochemical variables of Arabica coffee and conillon were affected when exposed to doses of gamma radiation from cobalt-60. The samples were provided by Polo in Coffee Quality Technology, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA. The coffee samples were subjected to irradiation doses: 0 (control), 5 kGy and 10 kGy, a multipurpose irradiator of IPEN - Research Institute of Nuclear Energy and the University of São Paulo, at a rate of 7.5 kGy / hour. For irradiation the samples were vacuum-packed in appropriate packaging aluminised. After the process of irradiation the samples were stored at a temperature of 15 ± 1 º C and relative humidity of 17 ± 1%. The following analyzes were performed: levels of total sugars, glucose, sucrose, caffeine, humidity, pH, total acidity, electrical conductivity and fibers. Analyses were performed 1, 30, 60 and 90 days after irradiation, and the results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. It was observed that the analysis results of the samples irradiated with 5 kGy and 10 kGy showed values similar to the control. It was concluded that irradiation did not induce deleterious effects on arabica coffee seeds and conillon irradiated with 5 kGy and 10 kGy to 90 days after irradiation

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BOARATTI, MARIA de F. G. "Analise de perigos e pontos criticos de controle para alimentos irradiados no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11224.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Udrescu, Mihaela. "Développement d'une technique de radiothérapie stéréotaxique des cancers de la prostate reposant sur deux concepts différents de préservation de la paroi rectale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10319/document.

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Le présent travail de thèse décrit le développement d'un protocole d'irradiation stéréotaxique combinée à une radiothérapie conformationnelle avec modulation d'intensité. Ce projet a été initiée dans le service de radiothérapie-oncologie du Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud. La première partie de ce travail fait état d'une revue de littérature sur les techniques d'irradiation du cancer de la prostate. Trois grands thèmes de recherche ont été identifiés et developpés : un premier thèse de recherche portant sur la définition optimale des volumes à irradier lors d'une irradiation stéréotaxique de la prostate et la fiabilité d'uin repérage de l'oragane par des marqueurs intra-prostatiques. La deuxième thématique de recherche était dédiée à la planification du traitement stéréotaxique de la prostate avec pour principal objectif une protection optimale de la paroi rectale avec deux approches différentes : a) une augmentation focalisée de la dose d'irradiation uniquement sur la tumeur macroscopiquement visible, ou b) l'utilisation d'un gel injecté entre la paroi du rectum et la prostate. Le nombre optimal de faisceaux à utiliser ainsi que l'énergie la mieux adaptée ont été évalués dans le cadre de la première approche avec uin boost intégré.. La trosième thématique portait sur les contrôles qualité à réaliser dans le cadre de la mise en route de cette technique d'irradiation. Trois détecteur dédiés aux contrôles de la distribution de dose sous l'accélarateur ont été évalués. L'ensemble de ces travaux serviront de supports à la réalisation d'une étude de phase II intégrant une irradiation stéréotaxique des cancers de la prostate avec injection de gel d'acide hyaluronique entre le rectum et la prostate
The current work decribes the implementation of a protocol for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) combined with an intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique (IMRT). the project was initiated in the Department of Radiation-Oncology from Lyon Sud Hospital. The first part summarizes the state of the art of prostate cancer with a literature review on irradiation techniques. Three research themes were described and developped : The first theme discusses the optimal definition of the volumes to be irradiated during a prostate SBRT and the accuracy of the target localization using intraprostatic markers. The second theme of research describes the treatment planning for prostate SBRT having as main purpose an optimal protection of the rectal-wall with two different approaches: a) an augmentation of the dose with simultaneous integrated boost only into visible macroscopic tumor, or b) the use of a gel injected between the rectal-wall and the prostate. The optimal number of fields, as well as the most favorable energy, was evaluated in the context of the first approach with a simultaneous integrated boost. The third theme discusses the quality assurance (QA) that needs to be performed for an IMRT-SBRT technique. Three detectors that ara dedicated to the QA of dose distribution under accelerator were evaluated. The results of all these studies will be used for the implementation of a phase II study for prostate SBRT with an injection of hyaluronic acid between the rectum and the prostate

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Hirashima, Hideaki. "Establishment of machine and patient-specific quality assurance methods for advanced volumetric modulated arc therapy." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242352.

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Le, roy Julien. "Optimisation des explorations tomodensitométriques des artères coronaires chez l’enfant atteint de cardiopathie congénitale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT058.

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L’angioscanner des artères coronaires est utilisé de façon croissante chez l’enfant dans le diagnostic, le suivi, et les bilans pré- et post-chirurgicaux des pathologies à risque d’atteinte coronaire, et plus particulièrement dans certaines cardiopathies congénitales. Son utilisation en pédiatrie reste cependant limitée par la présence d’artefacts de mouvements cardiaques, dégradant la qualité d’image et entravant potentiellement le diagnostic, ainsi que par le caractère irradiant de l’examen, et le risque de cancer radio-induit associé à prendre en considération dans cette population pédiatrique.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d’évaluer et de proposer des stratégies d’amélioration de l’angioscanner des artères coronaires réalisé chez l’enfant atteint de cardiopathie congénitale.Cinquante enfants âgés de moins de 18 ans, d’une cohorte de patients présentant une cardiopathie congénitale impliquant la réalisation d’un angioscanner des artères coronaires, ont été prospectivement inclus dans le protocole de recherche clinique COROPEDIA (Observational study for feasibility and performance of sub-millisievert coronary computed tomography angiography for coronary artery anomalies in paediatric patients), mis en place au cours de cette thèse. Entre 2017 et 2018, ces enfants ont ainsi bénéficié d’un angioscanner des artères coronaires, réalisé sur un scanner mono-source à large collimation.La première partie de ce travail a consisté en l’élaboration d’un protocole d’acquisition optimisé, dérivé des dernières études réalisées chez l’adulte (très peu de publications chez l’enfant). Quinze scenarii d’acquisitions spécifiques ont ainsi été mis en place en fonction du rythme cardiaque du patient et de sa variabilité. Ces acquisitions multiphasiques sélectives ont permis de répondre à la question clinique posée dans 100% des cas, pour une dose efficace équivalente à moins de 4 mois d’irradiation naturelle.Afin d’améliorer d’avantage la qualité de visualisation des structures tout en réduisant les durées d’irradiation, deux autres études ont été menées. Ainsi, l’impact d’algorithmes de correction d’artefacts de mouvements a été évalué en pédiatrie. Une interprétabilité équivalente aux reconstructions multiphasiques a été obtenue dans une unique phase cardiaque reconstruite par le logiciel, alors que les reconstructions monophasiques traditionnelles montraient une interprétabilité significativement inférieure. Ces solutions logicielles permettraient donc d’améliorer la visualisation des structures cardiaques, tout en réduisant encore les durées d’acquisitions scanographiques nécessaires au diagnostic et donc les doses délivrées aux enfants.Enfin, dans un troisième temps, les artefacts cinétiques de chacun des 50 patients ont été quantifiés dans 7 phases cardiaques différentes. Cette évaluation portant sur un total de 5733 structures cardiaques, a permis de définir les positions (70%, 80%, 40%, 47%, 50%, 54% de l’intervalle R-R, respectivement) et durées optimales (10%, 20%, 50%, 50%, 20%, 10% du cycle cardiaque, respectivement) des fenêtres d’acquisition, en fonction du rythme cardiaque de l’enfant (≤60 bpm, 61-75 bpm, 76-85 bpm ; 86-100 bpm ; 101-130 bpm ; >130 bpm).La mise en application simultanée de ces stratégies d’optimisation, devraient permettre la réalisation d’angioscanner des artères coronaires de qualité diagnostique chez n’importe quel enfant, pour une dose d’irradiation inférieure à 0,5 mSv, soit moins de 2 mois d’exposition naturelle
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has been increasingly used in pediatrics for diagnosis, follow-up, and pre or post-surgery assessment of coronary artery anomalies, and more generally in congenital heart diseases. However, its use remains limited by cardiac motion artifacts, potentially resulting in non-diagnostic acquisitions, and by children’s exposure associated with a risk of radiation induced cancers.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and optimize CCTA performed in children with congenital heart disease.Fifty children (<18 years old), with congenital heart disease requiring coronary artery imaging were prospectively enrolled in the COROPEDIA clinical trial, specifically designed during the thesis (Observational study for feasibility and performance of sub-millisievert coronary computed tomography angiography for coronary artery anomalies in paediatric patients). Between 2017 and 2018, these children underwent a coronary CT angiography, performed on a wide-coverage, single-source CT. The first part of this work was dedicated to elaborating an optimized acquisition protocol, derived from adult studies (very few studies have been conducted with pediatric patients). Fifteen acquisition schemes were designed to deliver irradiation at the best theoretical moment, as a function of patient’s heart rate and variability. These selective multiphasic acquisitions fully answered the clinical question for every child, delivering a radiation dose equivalent to less than 4 months of natural background irradiation.Two additional studies were conducted to improve cardiac structure visualization while reducing further children’s exposure.The impact of motion correction algorithms in children undergoing CCTA was investigated. The results suggested that multiple phases provided significantly better interpretability than traditional single-phase acquisitions. However, the second motion correction algorithm generation offered similar interpretability in a single retrospectively processed cardiac phase and could be adopted to improve coronary artery visualization while reducing beam-on-time and children’s exposure to radiation.Finally, motion artifacts of every fifty patients were quantified in seven different cardiac phases. On a total of 5733 cardiac structures evaluated, optimal positions (70%, 80%, 40%, 47%, 50%, 54% of the R-R interval, respectively) and durations (10%, 20%, 50%, 50%, 20%, 10% of the cardiac cycle, respectively) of the acquisition window were defined as a function of children’s heart rates (≤60 bpm, 61-75 bpm, 76-85 bpm ; 86-100 bpm ; 101-130 bpm ; >130 bpm).These optimization strategies might be simultaneously implemented to achieve CCTA of diagnostic quality in any children, for less than 0.5 mSv, or two month of natural background irradiation

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Books on the topic "Irradiation quality"

Paisan, Loaharanu, Thomas Paul, and FAO/IAEA/WHO International Conference on Ensuring the Safety and Quality of Food through Radiation Processing (2000 : Antalya, Turkey), eds. Irradiation for food safety and quality. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Pub., 2001.

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Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. Fisheries Development Branch. Technical evaluation of gamma-irradiation pretreatment on quality preservation for fresh fish. Halifax, N.S: Fisheries Development Branch, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1985.

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FAO/IAEA/WHO International Conference on Ensuring the Safety and Quality of Food through Radiation Processing (1999 Antalya, Turkey). Irradiation for food safety and quality: Proceedings of FAO/IAEA/WHO International Conference on Ensuring the Safety and Quality of Food through Radiation Processing. Lancaster, Pa: Technomic, 2001.

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Agency, International Atomic Energy, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Combination processes for food irradiation: Proceedings of the final research co-ordination meeting of the co-ordinated research programme on irradiation in combination with other processes for improving food quality and held in Pretoria, South Africa, 27 February-3 March 1995. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1998.

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Meeting, Co-ordinated Research Programme on Irradiation in Combination with Other Processes for Improving Food Quality Research Co-ordination. Combination processes for food irradiation: Proceedings of the Final Research Co-ordination Meeting of the Co-ordinated Research Programme on Irradiation in Combination with Other Processes for Improving Food Quality organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and held in Pretoria, South Africa, 27 February-3 March 1995. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1998.

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Agency, International Atomic Energy, and Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture., eds. Use of irradiation to ensure the hygienic quality of fresh, pre-cut fruits and vegetables and other minimally processed food of plant origin: Proceedings of a final research coordination meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and held in Islamabad, Pakistan, 22-30 July 2005. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2006.

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Loaharanu, Paisan, and Paul Thomas. Irradiation for Food Safety and Quality. Edited by Paisan Loaharanu and Paul Thomas. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003076148.

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Loaharanu, Paisan, and Paul Thomas. Irradiation for Food Safety and Quality. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Loaharanu, Paisan, and Paul Thomas. Irradiation for Food Safety and Quality. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Loaharanu, Paisan, and Paul Thomas. Irradiation for Food Safety and Quality. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Irradiation quality"

Thomadsen, Bruce, and Rupak Das. "Quality Assurance for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation." In Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation, 101–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88006-6_7.

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Ahn, Doug U., and Eun Joo Lee. "Mechanisms and Prevention of Quality Changes in Meat by Irradiation." In Food Irradiation Research and Technology, 209–26. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118422557.ch12.

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Xuetong, Fan. "Irradiation of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables: Quality and Shelf Life." In Food Irradiation Research and Technology, 271–93. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118422557.ch15.

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Thomadsen, Bruce, and Rupak Das. "Quality Assurance and Radiation Safety for Breast Irradiation." In Short Course Breast Radiotherapy, 53–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24388-7_4.

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Boylston, Terri D., Hui Wang, Cheryll A. Reitmeier, and Bonita A. Glatz. "Irradiation of Apple Cider: Impact on Flavor Quality." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 281–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9090-7_20.

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Cravotto, Giancarlo, and Arianna Binello. "Impact of Microwave Irradiation on Food Composition." In Effect of Emerging Processing Methods on the Food Quality, 147–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18191-8_6.

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Müller, W., H. Piazena, A. R. Thomsen, and Peter Vaupel. "Thermography and Thermometry in wIRA-Hyperthermia." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 55–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_4.

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AbstractContact-free temperature determination is based on the measurements of electromagnetic radiation. The corresponding physical laws are related to the properties of black bodies. This background allows for the development of thermometric and thermographic systems for remote temperature measurements. Precise absolute temperature data, required in hyperthermia, do not only depend on the technical quality of the systems (hardware and software) and their calibration, but also depend on accurate determination of the emissivity of human skin. Pyrometers are restricted to temperature measurements within a small area (measurement spot), while thermographic cameras allow measurements across a relatively large region on the target area in real time. The subdivision of the IR image into spatially separated pixels allows access to temperature data of small areas on the skin and thus combines thermometry and thermography. Quality assurance standards of the European Society of Hyperthermic Oncology for water-filtered IR-A-hyperthermia (wIRA-HT) are met, except for the accuracy of the absolute temperature. Since the relation between the temperatures at the skin surface and in deeper tissue layers, considering irradiation and heating time, in wIRA-HT can be assessed, the temperature needed for efficient thermal treatment of superficial tumors within superficial tissue layers can therefore be achieved in a controlled manner.

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Shams, Rafeeya, Qurat Ul Eain Hyder Rizvi, Bisma Jan, and Arshied Manzoor. "Role of Gamma Irradiation in the Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables." In Quality Control in Fruit and Vegetable Processing, 57–75. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003304999-4.

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Geras'kin, Stanislav, Roman Churyukin, Polina Volkova, and Sofiya Bitarishvili. "Using ionizing radiation for improving the development and yield of agricultural crops." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 424–32. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0043.

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Abstract The response of barley seedlings was studied after gamma irradiation of seeds with doses in the range of 2-50 Gy. It was shown that stimulation of plant growth occurred in the dose range of 16-20 Gy. The influences of the dose rate, the quality of seeds and their moisture on the manifestation of radiation effects were investigated. We studied, under controlled conditions, the activities of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes and observed an increase in their activity in the range of doses that cause stimulation of seedling growth. We showed that changes in the balance among different classes of phytohormones were probably involved in the acceleration of plant growth after irradiation of seeds using stimulating doses. Gamma irradiation of barley seeds significantly influenced the development of plants during the growing season. After irradiation with stimulating doses, we observed a reduction in the duration of the initial stages of ontogenesis; the phase of full ripeness occurred 5-7 days earlier than in the controls. The manifestation of the effect of irradiation depended on the conditions in which the plants developed. During the growing season of 2014, which was a dry year, plants originating from the irradiated seeds showed an increase in the number of productive stems, which led to an increase in yield by 34-38%; during the optimal 2015 season, an increase in the number of grains per spike caused an increase in yield by 8-29%. Therefore, our field study has shown that at least some hormetic effects can occur in the field. Irradiation of seeds can increase field germination, stimulate the growth and development of plants and increase their resistance to unfavourable environmental conditions. A more complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of hormesis is needed to exploit its potential benefits in crop production.

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Notter, M., A. R. Thomsen, A. L. Grosu, K. Münch, and Peter Vaupel. "Thermography-Controlled, Contact-Free wIRA-Hyperthermia Combined with Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Large-Sized Lesions of Unresectable, Locally Recurrent Breast Cancer." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 83–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_6.

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AbstractUnresectable locally recurrent breast cancers (LRBCs) lead to life-threatening situations and a tremendous loss of quality of life. Most patients have received radiotherapy (RT) during primary treatment and re-irradiation (re-RT) using standard doses might be denied due to the risk of unacceptable cumulative toxicity. Therefore, an effective tumor control is often abandoned.Mild hyperthermia (39–43 °C), allows for significant reductions in re-RT dose and effective tumor responses with acceptable toxicity even after heavy pretreatment. More than 280 patients have been treated with superficial hyperthermia by water-filtered infrared A (wIRA-HT), which can cover even large lesions. Hyperthermia was immediately followed by hypofractionated re-RT of 5x4 Gy, once a week.Evaluating 201 patients, overall response rate was 94%. 170 patients with macroscopic LRBC were stratified into 4 size classes (rClasses), and detailed response rates are presented. Accordingly, response rates of 31 patients with microscopic disease after resection of LRBC are communicated.RT-related acute and late toxicity was limited to grades 1 and 2. Due to this low toxicity, re-recurrences after CR and new local progression after PR could be re-treated using the same treatment schedule. Real-time thermographic and visual controls have allowed to almost exclude the risk of thermal skin damage.

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Conference papers on the topic "Irradiation quality"

Fernandes, Thiago Vecchi, Camila D. S. Bordon, Niklaus U. Wetter, Wagner de Rossi, and Luciana R. P. Kassab. "Passive Waveguide Fabrication through Femtosecond Laser irradiation in Ag-doped GeO2–PbO glasses for photonic applications." In CLEO: Applications and Technology, JTu2A.179. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jtu2a.179.

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We present the fabrication of dual waveguides in Ge2O-PbO glasses doped with silver nanoparticles using direct femtosecond laser inscription. The study involves results of beam quality, propagation loss, and polarization of the dual waveguides.

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Kufher, Maria, Stefan Kufher, Pierre Pichon, Pierre Chavel, and Michael Frank. "Refractive Microprisms with improved Surface Quality by Proton Polishing." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1995.otua4.

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The fabrication of miniaturized refractive prisms for the use in free space optical systems is a relatively new field in component fabrication1,2,3. Thermal imprinting in PMMA has reduced flexibility in the angle choice and induces stress in the substrate. The optical quality of the surface is given by the quality of the master1. Synchrotron or proton irradiation of PMMA gives the advantage of arbitrary deflection angles of prisms with depths of several hundred microns. Problems arise from the fact that the roughness of a thick metal mask (>20µm) is directly copied into the prism surface2,3. This paper describes a new fabrication technique for deflection elements whose surface quality is better than the mask’s: the surface roughness is better than 20 nm. The method is based on deep proton irradiation; the new idea is that during irradiation the sample is moved relative to a fixed mask. By this a polishing effect of protons in the prism surface occurs yielding the above mentioned smoothness.

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Liu, Meidan, Junfeng Nie, and Pandong Lin. "Nanoindentation Test of F321 Austenitic Stainless Steel Under Fe-ion Irradiation." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-63353.

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Abstract Nuclear technology, as a high quality, clean and reliable energy supply, is attracting broad interest from countries across the world. F321 austenitic stainless steel (F321SS) is widely utilized in key components of nuclear power plant due to its excellent corrosion resistance and high temperature mechanical properties. Irradiation can easily lead to the degradation behaviors of materials, such as irradiation hardening, irradiation embrittlement and high-temperature He embrittlement, etc. Understanding such degradation is important for predicting the evolution of material behavior under irradiation and extending the lifespan of existing nuclear reactors. Ion irradiation is most commonly used to model neutron-induced damage since the irradiation conditions (temperature, flux, spectrum, etc.) can be regulated more accurately and flexibly. In this paper, the Fe-ion irradiation experiments of F321SS at different temperatures and doses were carried out, and the nanoindentation experiments under different conditions were further conducted. Irradiation hardening is observed in all specimens and strongly depending on irradiation temperature and damage dose. The hardness after irradiating increases with doses and saturates for at least 1dpa under low temperature regimes (< 300°C). However, at higher temperature (450°C and 560°C), nano-hardness reaches the peak at ∼0.5dpa and then declines. Moreover, the hardness of all specimens has a similar trend with temperature, that is, it first increases, reaches the peak, and then decreases.

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Ignatiev, F. N. "Evaluation of irradiation induced aberrations in space optical systems." In 19th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for the Quality of Life, edited by Giancarlo C. Righini and Anna Consortini. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.524168.

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Ignatiev, F. N. "Irradiation induced phase and polarization phenomena in optical fibers." In 19th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for the Quality of Life, edited by Giancarlo C. Righini and Anna Consortini. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.524161.

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Furgeri, A. J., S. Assouak, W. de Boer, E. Forton, F. Hartmann, and S. Freudenstein. "Radiation damage effects on CMS-sensors quality assurance and irradiation tests." In 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1352116.

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Di Giulio, M., M. Dinescu, E. Filippo, Vincenzo Nassisi, Daniela Manno, and A. Lo Russo. "Effects of hydrogen diffusion and UV irradiation in Pd thin films." In 19th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for the Quality of Life, edited by Giancarlo C. Righini and Anna Consortini. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.530781.

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Liu, Jian-Bo, Yuan Liu, Jin-Li Cheng, Yun-Fei En, Ting Zhang, Yu-Juan He, and Fu-Yao Dong. "Total dose irradiation effects in the μA741 operational amplifier with different biases." In 2013 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qr2mse.2013.6625772.

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Shi, Qian, Qing-Zhong Xiao, Yuan Liu, and Yun-Fei En. "Notice of Retraction Measurement of ESD protection structure irradiation degradation using TLP method." In 2013 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qr2mse.2013.6625980.

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Adebiyi, Abayomi A., and Innocent E. Davidson. "Analysis of Solar Irradiation Impact on Grid-tied Photovoltaic Systems' Power Quality Characteristics." In 2023 31st Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saupec57889.2023.10057766.

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Reports on the topic "Irradiation quality"

Davis, Kathy J., Joseph G. Sebranek, Elisabeth J. Huff-Lonergan, Dong U. Ahn, and Steven M. Lonergan. Effects of Irradiation on Quality of Injected Fresh Pork Loins. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1238.

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Petrie, Christian M., Joel Lee McDuffee, Yutai Katoh, and Kurt A. Terrani. Delivery of completed irradiation vehicles and the quality assurance document to the High Flux Isotope Reactor for irradiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1222574.

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Zhu, M. J., E. J. Lee, Aubrey F. Mendonca, and Dong U. Ahn. Effect of Irradiation on the Quality of Turkey Ham During Storage. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1044.

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Smith, Micheal, Lander Ibarra, and Aaron Oaks. Software Quality Assurance for EBR-II Fuels Irradiation and Physics Database (FIPD). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1823468.

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Skelly, Andrea C., Eric Chang, Jessica Bordley, Erika D. Brodt, Shelley Selph, Rongwei Fu, Rebecca Holmes, et al. Radiation Therapy for Metastatic Bone Disease: Effectiveness and Harms. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer265.

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Objectives. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and harms of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for palliative treatment of metastatic bone disease (MBD). Data sources. Four electronic databases from 1985 to January 30, 2023; a targeted search for re-irradiation through January 30, 2023; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) comparing dose-fractionation schemes and EBRT delivery techniques (for initial radiation and re-irradiation, i.e., retreatment for recurrent or persistent pain) and EBRT alone versus in combination with other palliative treatments. Study risk of bias was assessed using predefined criteria. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for the primary outcomes of pain, function, spinal cord compression relief, quality of life, and harms. Results. We included 53 RCTs and 31 NRSIs; most were fair quality. In patients receiving initial radiation for MBD there was a small increase in the likelihood of overall pain response (improved pain measures with stable or decreased analgesic use) for multiple fraction (MF) EBRT versus single fraction (SF) EBRT up to 4 weeks post-radiation therapy (SOE: moderate) and for higher dose (6 or 8 Gy) SF EBRT versus lower dose (4 Gy) SF EBRT up to 52 weeks post-radiation therapy (SOE: low). SF and MF EBRT did not differ at later followup (SOE: moderate) nor did comparisons of MF EBRT dose/fractions (SOE: moderate ≤12 weeks; low >12 weeks). Re-irradiation was more common with SF versus MF EBRT. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) (SF or MF) was associated with a slightly higher (up to 20 weeks, SOE: low) and moderately higher (30 weeks; SOE: moderate) likelihood of overall pain response versus MF EBRT. For re-irradiation, SF and MF SBRT had a similar likelihood of overall pain response, as did SF versus MF EBRT (SOE: low for all). Harms may be similar across dose/fraction schemes and techniques; serious harms were rare. Comparative effectiveness evidence for EBRT was sparse. Conclusions. In patients with uncomplicated MBD receiving initial palliative radiotherapy, the likelihood of overall pain response for SF and MF EBRT is probably similar, particularly after 4 weeks; re-irradiation was more common with SF-EBRT. SF and MF SBRT may provide slightly greater likelihood of overall pain response versus MF EBRT; evidence is limited. SF and MF EBRT may have similar likelihoods of overall pain response in patients receiving re-irradiation. High-quality evidence comparing SBRT with EBRT is needed in populations with complicated and uncomplicated MBD, as is research on effectiveness of EBRT versus other treatments. Update: An addendum is located at the end of the main report, before the appendixes.

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Kwon, Joongho, Kichang Nam, Hojin Kang, and Dong U. Ahn. Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation and Storage on the Quality Attributes of Sausages with Different Fat Contents. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1032.

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Friedler, Eran, and Karl G. Linden. Distributed UV LEDs for combined control of fouling of drip emitters and disinfection during irrigation with reclaimed wastewater effluent. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134144.bard.

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Irrigating crops with reclaimed wastewater, replacing potable water, using drip irrigation has become more common as demands on water supplies have increased. Because of the quality characteristics of treated wastewater, the small size and geometry of drip emitters, and flow characteristics though the emitters, systems can become clogged for physical and biological reasons. Emitters clogging reduces flow and increases the variability of flows between emitters that can lead to crops water stress and thus reduce crop yield. Clogged systems require more energy or more labor- and chemical-intensive maintenance and cleaning, such as with chlorine. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and specifically UV-C (200-300 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs) have great promise for disinfection and biofouling prevention in irrigation water systems. LEDs are particularly well-suited for decentralized use in drip irrigation systems due to their small size, robust construction, low power requirements, long life, and intermittent operation capability. The main goal of this research was to study and develop UV-LED irradiation technology for reducing biofouling of drip irrigation fed by treated effluent, and to explore whether locating the UV-LEDs along the irrigation line as an integral part of the system could be advantageous.

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Shumway, Dean A., Kimberly S. Corbin, Magdoleen H. Farah, Kelly E. Viola, Tarek Nayfeh, Samer Saadi, Vishal Shah, et al. Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer259.

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Objectives. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and harms of partial breast irradiation (PBI) compared with whole breast irradiation (WBI) for early-stage breast cancer, and how differences in effectiveness and harms may be influenced by patient, tumor, and treatment factors, including treatment modality, target volume, dose, and fractionation. We also evaluated the relative financial toxicity of PBI versus WBI. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to June 30, 2022. Review methods. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that enrolled adult women with early-stage breast cancer who received one of six PBI modalities: multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy, single-entry catheter brachytherapy (also known as intracavitary brachytherapy), 3-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), proton radiation therapy, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). Pairs of independent reviewers screened and appraised studies. Results. Twenty-three original studies with 17,510 patients evaluated the comparative effectiveness of PBI, including 14 RCTs, 6 comparative observational studies, and 3 single-arm observational studies. PBI was not significantly different from WBI in terms of ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR), overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (high strength of evidence [SOE]). Evidence for cosmetic outcomes was insufficient. Results were generally consistent when PBI modalities were compared with WBI, whether compared individually or combined. These PBI approaches included 3DCRT, IMRT, and multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy. Compared with WBI, 3DCRT showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (moderate to high SOE); IMRT showed no difference in IBR or overall survival at 5 and 10 years (low SOE); multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 years (low SOE). Compared with WBI, IORT was associated with a higher IBR rate at 5, 10, and over 10 years (high SOE), with no difference in overall survival, cancer-free survival, or mastectomy-free survival (low to high SOE). There were significantly fewer acute adverse events (AEs) with PBI compared with WBI, with no apparent difference in late AEs (moderate SOE). Data about quality of life were limited. Head-to-head comparisons between the different PBI modalities showed insufficient evidence to estimate an effect on main outcomes. There were no significant differences in IBR or other outcomes according to patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics; however, data for subgroups were insufficient to draw conclusions. Eight studies addressed concepts closely related to financial toxicity. Compared with conventionally fractionated WBI, accelerated PBI was associated with lower transportation costs and days away from work. PBI was also associated with less subjective financial difficulty at various time points after radiotherapy. Conclusions. Clinical trials that compared PBI with WBI demonstrate no significant difference in the risk of IBR. PBI is associated with fewer acute AEs and may be associated with less financial toxicity. The current evidence supports the use of PBI in appropriately selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the outcomes of PBI in patients with various clinical and tumor characteristics, and to define optimal radiation treatment dose and technique for PBI.

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Zhu, Meijun, Aubrey F. Mendonca, Hersham Ismail, Eun Lee, and Dong U. Ahn. Impact of Antimicrobial Ingredients and Irradiation on the Survival of Listeria monocytogenes and the Quality of Ready-to-Eat Turkey Ham. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1028.

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Min, Byung R., Ki C. Nam, Eun J. Lee, Kyung Y. Ko, Darrell W. Trampel, and Dong U. Ahn. Effect of Irradiating Shell Eggs on Quality Attributes and Functional Properties of Yolk and White. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1047.

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