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Journal articles on the topic 'Ironsand'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Xing, Xiangdong, Yunfei Chen, and Yiran Liu. "Study of the reduction mechanism of ironsands with addition of blast furnace bag dust." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 2 (2018): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017097.

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To improve the reduction properties of ironsands carbon-containing briquettes, the behavior of ironsand during reduction by the addition of blast furnace bag dust (BFBD) is studied using a high temperature resistance furnace, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the reduction mechanism is discussed in this study. The results showed that the reduction level and compressive strength of ironsand carbon-containing briquettes could be promoted by increasing the proportion of BFBD. When the addition rate of BFBD was 31.25%, the metallization rate and compressive strength increased from 82.1% and 21.5 N/a to 91.4% and 172.5 N/a, respectively. Metallic iron reduced from BFBD particles favored the carbon gasification reaction, which enhanced the internal CO concentration, and then promoted the FeTiO3 reduction to Fe in ironsand. Meanwhile, a large amount of the liquid phase generated during the reduction process also favored Fe2+ diffusion, spread of iron joined crystals and the growth of crystals, which resulted in the improvement of the compressive strength of the ironsand carbon-containing briquettes.

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2

Leveneur, Jérôme, William J. Trompetter, Shen V. Chong, Ben Rumsey, Vedran Jovic, Seho Kim, Murray McCurdy, et al. "Ironsand (Titanomagnetite-Titanohematite): Chemistry, Magnetic Properties and Direct Applications for Wireless Power Transfer." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 5455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185455.

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Ironsand is an abundant and inexpensive magnetic mineral resource. However, the magnetic properties of unprocessed ironsand are often inadequate for any practical applications. In this work, the applicability of ironsand for use as a component in a soft magnetic composite for large-scale inductive power transfer applications was investigated. After magnetic separation, the chemical, structural and magnetic properties of ironsand sourced from different locations were compared. Differences observed in the DC magnetic properties were consistent with changes in the chemical compositions obtained from X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (XANES), which suggests varying the titanohematite to titanomagnetite content. Increased content in titanomagnetite and magnetic permeability correlated well with the total Fe content in the materials. The best-performing ironsand with the highest permeability and lowest core losses was used alongside Mn,Zn-Ferrite particles (ranging from ∼100 μm to 2 mm) to fabricate toroid cores with varying magnetic material loading. It was shown that ironsand can be used to replace up to 15 wt.% of the magnetic materials with minimal impact on the composite magnetic performance, thus reducing the cost. Ironsand was also used as a supporting material in a single-rail wireless power transfer system, effectively increasing the power transfer, demonstrating potential applications to reduce flux leakage.

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3

Wang, Yaozu, Jianliang Zhang, and Zhengjian Liu. "Mineralogical Characteristics and Isothermal Oxidation Kinetics of Ironsand Pellets." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020265.

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An in-depth understanding of mineralogical characteristics and the oxidation behaviors of ironsand is of great significance to make the best of ironsand and develop Ti-containing pellets. This paper quantitatively characterized the mineralogical characteristics of the ironsand from East Java in Indonesia through X-ray diffraction (XRD-Rietveld) and scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS). The results indicated that the mineral composition of the ironsand was magnetite (22.7%), titanomagnetite (40.9%), enstatite (17.1%), hematite–ilmenite solid solution (14.5%), and magnesium iron aluminum silicon oxide (5.8%). The microstructure characterization of pellets after oxidation showed that the porosity of the pellets decreased from 20.7% to 11.7% with temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1473 K. Moreover, the activation energies of ironsand pellets were calculated by using model-function method. The calculated data of different mechanism functions indicated that the chemical reaction mechanism for the early stage of the oxidation fit A2 (random nucleation and nuclei growth) well, the chemical reaction mechanism for the post-oxidation at 1073–1273 K fit F1 (chemical reaction) well, and the chemical reaction mechanism for the post-oxidation at 1373 and 1473 K fit D4 (diffusion) well. The reaction mechanism and the limited link was finally discussed based on the kinetic analysis and the mineralogical characteristics.

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4

Nathasa, R., S. Bijaksana, S. J. Fajar, and T. G. Pitaloka. "MAGNETIC AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF IRONSAND DEPOSITS FROM CIREBON COASTAL AREA, WEST JAVA." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 873, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/873/1/012076.

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Abstract Cirebon is a densely populated port city which has ironsand deposits at its coastal area. Due to its vicinity to the port and the estuary, these deposits might contain anthropogenic pollutants including, heavy metals. Magnetic measurements, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) as well as X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were carried out on iron sand samples from three sites along the Cirebon coastal area to identify the anthropogenic pollutants. The samples were separated based on the grain size before the measurement and analyses. Preliminary results show that the ironsand is less magnetic and has smaller frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility values than ironsand found on Bayuran Beach in Central Java. Combined XRD result and the regional geological map shows that most of the minerals were originated from eroded volcanic rocks. The XRF results show that the samples have a relatively high content of Si. XRF analyses also show relatively high concentrations of Cr and Zn, the Geoaccumulation Index shows that the sediment is moderately to heavily polluted by Cr and Zn indicating the possibility of anthropogenic origin. The Cr and Zn content exceeds the stipulated value in the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGS).

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5

Pitaloka, T. G., S. Bijaksana, S. J. Fajar, R. Nathasa, and Z. Masrurah. "The Correlation Analysis of Magnetic Susceptibility and Elemental Composition of Very Fine Sand from Anoi Itam Beach in Weh Island, Aceh." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 873, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/873/1/012075.

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Abstract Ironsand deposits might contain Fe as well as other valuable elements and minerals that could be used in a variety of applications. Often, high Fe content deposits are preferable for exploration. An earlier study shows that the highest Fe content is found in the very fine sand (VFS) size. In this study, seven VFS samples from Anoi Itam were subjected to magnetic measurements as well as X-Ray florescence (XRF), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and correlation analyses to investigate further characteristics and how magnetic susceptibility correlates with the elemental composition of ironsand. Magnetic susceptibility varies from 2207.77 × 10-8 m3 kg-1 to 4476.68 × 10-8 m3 kg-1. The main elements contained in the sample are Fe, Ti, Si, and Al. Meanwhile, other elements have small concentrations (<2%). Based on XRD analyses, magnetite and ilmenite are the main minerals with varying concentrations in each sample. The correlation analysis shows that magnetic susceptibility has a weak correlation with Fe probably because Fe forms minerals with very different magnetism, namely magnetite and ilmenite.

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6

Wang, Zhe, David Pinson, Sheng Chew, Harold Rogers, Brian Joseph Monaghan, and Guangqing Zhang. "Interaction of New Zealand Ironsand and Flux Materials." ISIJ International 56, no. 8 (2016): 1315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2015-728.

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7

Longbottom, R. J., B. J. Monaghan, S. A. Nightingale, and J. G. Mathieson. "Strength and bonding in reduced ironsand–coal compacts." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 40, no. 5 (July 2013): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743281212y.0000000050.

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8

Mendoza, Shaira, Ben H. Yin, Ao Zhang, and Chris W. Bumby. "Pelletization and sintering of New Zealand titanomagnetite ironsand." Advanced Powder Technology 33, no. 12 (December 2022): 103837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2022.103837.

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9

Wang, Zhenyang, Jianliang Zhang, Zhengjian Liu, Kexin Jiao, and Xiangdong Xing. "Formation of Multiple Microstructures During the Reduction of Ironsand." JOM 71, no. 5 (December 10, 2018): 1776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3279-0.

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10

Wang, Zhe, David Pinson, Sheng Chew, Harold Rogers, Brian J. Monaghan, Mark I. Pownceby, Nathan A. S. Webster, and Guangqing Zhang. "Behavior of New Zealand Ironsand During Iron Ore Sintering." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 47, no. 1 (November 23, 2015): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0519-3.

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11

Panthi, Sudan R., and David G. Wareham. "Kinetic study of adsorption of arsenic onto New Zealand Ironsand (NZIS)." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 49, no. 13 (August 19, 2014): 1474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2014.937161.

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12

Liu, Yi-ran, Jian-liang Zhang, Zheng-jian Liu, and Xiang-dong Xing. "Phase transformation behavior of titanium during carbothermic reduction of titanomagnetite ironsand." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 23, no. 7 (July 2016): 760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-016-1290-4.

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13

Wang, Zhenyang, Jianliang Zhang, Kexin Jiao, Zhengjian Liu, and Mansoor Barati. "Effect of pre-oxidation on the kinetics of reduction of ironsand." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 729 (December 2017): 874–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.293.

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14

Prabowo, Sigit W., Raymond J. Longbottom, Brian J. Monaghan, Diego del Puerto, Martin J. Ryan, and Chris W. Bumby. "Sticking-Free Reduction of Titanomagnetite Ironsand in a Fluidized Bed Reactor." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 50, no. 4 (June 11, 2019): 1729–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-019-01625-w.

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15

MacKenzie, K. J. D., and C. M. Cardile. "The formation of nickel ferrite from hematite, magnetite and spinel ironsand." Thermochimica Acta 165, no. 2 (August 1990): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(90)80221-j.

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16

Lawton, Donald C., and Manfred P. Hochstein. "Geophysical study of the Taharoa ironsand deposit, west coast, North Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 36, no. 2 (June 1993): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1993.9514564.

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17

Thomaz, Daniel T., Marcela Guiotoku, Dachamir Hotza, Julio C. Llópiz Yurell, and Carlos R. Rambo. "Microwave-assisted synthesis and dielectric properties of Al2O3–MgAl2O4 spinel composites from ironsand." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 28, no. 22 (August 7, 2017): 17131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7640-9.

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18

Prabowo, Sigit W., Raymond J. Longbottom, Brian J. Monaghan, Diego del Puerto, Martin J. Ryan, and Chris W. Bumby. "Phase transformations during fluidized bed reduction of New Zealand titanomagnetite ironsand in hydrogen gas." Powder Technology 398 (January 2022): 117032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.117032.

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19

Prabowo, Sigit W., Raymond J. Longbottom, Brian J. Monaghan, Diego del Puerto, Martin J. Ryan, and Chris W. Bumby. "Hydrogen Reduction of Pre-oxidized New Zealand Titanomagnetite Ironsand in a Fluidized Bed Reactor." JOM 74, no. 3 (January 10, 2022): 885–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-05095-x.

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20

Wang, Zhenyang, Jianliang Zhang, Kexin Jiao, and Zhengjian Liu. "Effects of Pre-Reduction Degree of Ironsand on Slag Properties in Melting Separation Process." steel research international 89, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 1700363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201700363.

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21

Park, Eungyeul, Sang-Beom Lee, Oleg Ostrovski, Dong-Jun Min, and Chang-Hee Rhee. "Reduction of the Mixture of Titanomagnetite Ironsand and Hematite Iron Ore Fines by Carbon Monoxide." ISIJ International 44, no. 1 (2004): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.44.214.

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22

Zhang, Ao, Brian J. Monaghan, Raymond J. Longbottom, Mohammad Nusheh, and Chris W. Bumby. "Reduction Kinetics of Oxidized New Zealand Ironsand Pellets in H2 at Temperatures up to 1443 K." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 51, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01790-3.

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23

KUBO, Yoshihiro, Yutaka SATO, Yoshiyuki MURAKAWA, and Kunichika KUBOTA. "Influence of the Loading Ratio (Ironsand/Charcoal) on Productivity and Quality of the Products by Tatara Ironmaking Process." Tetsu-to-Hagane 91, no. 1 (2005): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.91.1_83.

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24

Tang, Jue, Zedong Zhang, Mansheng Chu, Wei Zhao, and Zhenggen Liu. "Effect of Titanomagnetite Ironsand Coal Composite Hot Briquette on Softening-melting Performance of Mixed Burden under Simulated Blast Furnace Conditions." ISIJ International 60, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 2350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2020-098.

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25

Webster, Nathan A. S., Jack G. Churchill, Felipe Tufaile, Mark I. Pownceby, James R. Manuel, and Justin A. Kimpton. "Fundamentals of Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and Aluminium (SFCA) and SFCA-I Iron Ore Sinter Bonding Phase Formation: Effects of Titanomagnetite-based Ironsand and Titanium Addition." ISIJ International 56, no. 10 (2016): 1715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2016-162.

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26

MacKenzie, Kenneth J. D., R. M. Berezowski, and C. M. Cardile. "The Formation of Ferrites from Spinel Ironsands." Materials Science Forum 34-36 (January 1991): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.34-36.893.

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27

HOSIE, ANDREW, and SHANE T. AHYONG. "First records of the giant barnacles, Austromegabalanus nigrescens (Lamarck, 1818) and A. psittacus (Molina, 1782) (Cirripedia: Balanidae) from New Zealand, with a key to New Zealand Balanidae." Zootaxa 1674, no. 1 (January 7, 2008): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1674.1.5.

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The shallow water barnacles, Austromegabalanus nigrescens and A. psittacus, are reported from New Zealand waters for the first time. Moreover, these are the first known introductions of Austromegabalanus. Nearly 70 specimens of A. nigrescens were collected from the Taharoa Ironsands Terminal and a single conjoined group of A. psittacus was collected in Port Wellington. We also report A. nigrescens from North West Cape, the northernmost record for the species in Western Australia. A key to the Balanidae known from New Zealand is provided.

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28

Ingham, Malcolm. "The effect of disseminated ironsands on the spectral induced polarization response of New Zealand sands." Journal of Applied Geophysics 148 (January 2018): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2017.10.013.

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29

Brathwaite, R. L., M. F. Gazley, and A. B. Christie. "Provenance of titanomagnetite in ironsands on the west coast of the North Island, New Zealand." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 178 (July 2017): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.03.013.

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30

Longbottom, Raymond James, Bridget Ingham, Mark Henry Reid, Andrew J. Studer, Christopher W. Bumby, and Brian Joseph Monaghan. "In situ neutron diffraction study of the reduction of New Zealand ironsands in dilute hydrogen mixtures." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 128, no. 3 (January 17, 2018): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03719553.2017.1412877.

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31

Otakpor, Alex N., and Oluyemi O. Akanni. "A validational study of the Ironson–Woods Spirituality/Religiousness Index in Nigerian adolescents." Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health 27, no. 3 (September 2, 2015): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2015.1120215.

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32

Akanni, Oluyemi O., Adeagbo F. Osundina, Imafidon O. Agbonile, Sunday O. Olotu, Olaniyi O. Ayilaraa, and Kingsley O. Akhigbeb. "Self-reported psychological distress and its relationship with religiousness of Nigerian physicians: A multicenter study." Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL 14, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijmu.v14i2.2.

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Physicians are prone to psychological distress, and this has been poorly studied in association with religiousness. As a result, the prevalence of psychological distress among physicians and its relationship with religiousness was investigated. The study was conducted at two neuropsychiatric centers, and two teaching hospitals in the South-South and South-West regions of Nigeria. Demographics and practice-related characteristics of 231 physicians were collected in addition to report on psychological distress using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, and a religiousness measuring scale, Ironson–Woods Spirituality/Religiosity Index. Chi-square and t-test analyses were done using SPSS version 19. The prevalence rate of significant psychological distress among physicians was 19.05%. The physicians’ specialty of practice fell short of statistically significant association with religiousness (X2=9.02, p=0.06). There was no significant association between physicians’ state of health and religiousness. Psychological distress is fairly common among physicians and shows no relationship with religiousness.

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33

Parks, Janet B., and Luis Fernando Parra. "Job Satisfaction of Sport Management Alumnae/i." Journal of Sport Management 8, no. 1 (January 1994): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.8.1.49.

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This study investigated job satisfaction of alumnae/i of an undergraduate sport management program (N = 254). It questioned whether there would be a significant difference between job satisfaction scores of alumnae/i employed in positions related to sport and the scores of alumnae/i employed in positions unrelated to sport. Job satisfaction was measured by the Job Descriptive Index and the Job in General scales (Ironson, Smith, Brannick, Gibson, & Paul, 1989; Smith, Kendall, & Hulin, 1969). Eighty-four (71.2%) of the 118 respondents held positions related to sport and 34 (28.8%) were in positions unrelated to sport. A MANOVA with follow-up ANOVAs was used to examine differences in satisfaction scores across the “jobs related to sport/jobs unrelated to sport” distinction. Except for “satisfaction with present pay,” no significant differences were found. These results suggested that sport management alumnae/i who obtain jobs unrelated to sport may have approximately equal prospects of attaining job satisfaction as graduates who obtain jobs related to sport.

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34

Rohyatin, Hennira, Merlyn Ika R.P., Latipun Latipun, and Iswinarti Iswinarti. "Examining the Moderator Role of Gender in the Association Between Self-Reflection and Spirituality." Spiritual Psychology and Counseling 5, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37898/spc.2020.5.3.109.

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Spirituality and religiosity are increasingly becoming a necessity for each individual in supporting the quality and well-being of life. Student involvement in self-reflection affects their spirituality / religiosity. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-reflection and spirituality/religiousness (S/R), which is moderated by gender. This research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The study sample consisted of 124 students with a mean age of 19.4 years. The total sample was obtained from 98 women and 26 men. Sample selected from students majoring in Elementary School Teachers (PGSD) in various semesters with a purposive sampling method. Measuring instruments used are the Ironson-Wood Spirituality/religiousness Index (IWSRI) and The Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS). Data analysis using Process Macros. The results showed that there was a significant effect of self-reflection on spirituality/religiousness (B=0.669; p=0.000) and gender could not moderate the effect of self-reflection on spirituality/religiousness on students of Elementary School Teachers (PGSD) (B=-0.317; p=0.369). Based on research conducted, it can be concluded that self-reflection significantly influences spirituality/religiousness, and gender is not able to strengthen or weaken the effect of self-reflection on spirituality/religiousness; thus, gender cannot become a moderator between self-reflection and spirituality/religiousness.

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35

Ironson, Gail, George F. Solomon, Elizabeth G. Balbin, Conall O’Cleirigh, Annie George, Mahendra Kumar, David Larson, and Teresa E. Woods. "The ironson-woods spirituality/religiousness index is associated with long survival, health behaviors, less distress, and low cortisol in people with HIV/AIDS." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 24, no. 1 (February 2002): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm2401_05.

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36

Boreborey, Ty, Wahyu Wilopo, and Doni Prakasa Eka Putra. "Removal Of Copper From Water Using Columns Experiment Of Lignite, Shale, And Ironsand." Journal of Applied Geology 4, no. 1 (September 2, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.7193.

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Experimental studies using column testing of lignite, shale, and ironsand in copper solution were carried out to determine the adsorption capacity of lignite, shale, and ironsand in remediation of water contaminated with copper. Lignite, shale, and ironsand were analyzed using XRD, SEM/EDX, and XRF. The treatment process by column adsorption was carried out over a period of 24 hours at a stable velocity of 0.005ml/s. After treatment, the remaining copper in the solution was recorded, thus allowing the adsorption capacity of lignite, shale, and ironsand to be calculated. The results revealed that when the solution was treated by lignite and shale there was a good degree of copper removal, while the ironsand had very poor degree of copper removal. The best material for copper removal was lignite with 25-mesh grain size. Pyrite, graphite, calcite, and illite were found in lignite and smectite, calcite, pyrite, hematite, and illite were found in shale. These materials were also shown to contain an abundance of high-valence elements in Al2O3, SiO2, and Fe3O4 which contributes to additional adsorption capacity. CAC values for lignite and shale reached nearly to 100%, suggesting that lignite and shale have a high adsorption capacity. In contrast, ironsand, which has mostly sand minerals with little clay and organic content, caused the pollutant to move rapidly to the water table, reducing the adsorption potential. CAC values treated by ironsand were shown to be negative which showed an increasing of Cu2+ in natural ironsand into solution. Keywords: Copper, ironsand, shale, lignite, column experiment

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37

Puspitarum, Deska Lismawenning, Gita Safitri, Harlina Ardiyanti, and Mohamad Samsul Anrokhi. "Characteristics and Mineral Content of Lampung Tengah Ironsands." Journal of Science and Application Technology 2, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.35472/281488.

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38

"Effects of graphite shape, size and distribution on the fatigue strength of spheroidal graphite cast ironsEndo, M. J. Soc. Mater. Sci., Jpn. Oct. 1989 38, (433), 1139–1144 (in Japanese)." International Journal of Fatigue 12, no. 4 (July 1990): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(90)90486-x.

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