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Academic literature on the topic 'Ironmen'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ironmen"

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Dolinar, Joanne. "Triathlons—Not Just for Ironmen." Physician and Sportsmedicine 18, no. 10 (October 1990): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1990.11710161.

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Meggs, Jenny, Mark A. Chen, and Stefan Koehn. "Relationships Between Flow, Mental Toughness, and Subjective Performance Perception in Various Triathletes." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518803203.

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This study examined the relationship between mental toughness (MT), subjectively perceived performance, and dispositional flow in a sample of 114 high-performing ironmen and standard distance triathletes ( Mage = 28.81 years, SD = 3.45) recruited from triathlon clubs. Participants completed the Mental Toughness Questionnaire, Dispositional Flow Scale, and self-rated subjectively perceived performance. Pearson’s correlations between these measures revealed a significant, positive relationship between global MT and subjective performance ratings ( r = .62, p < .01) and between global MT and all Dispositional Flow subscales ( r = .67–.81, p < .05). Linear regression analyses found that MT subscales accounted for 64% of the variance in dispositional flow. Subjective performance ratings did not add significantly to the regression model. Overall, these findings suggest that MT may contribute positively to ironman competitors’ and triathletes’ exertion of the cognitive and emotional control necessary to experience flow and perform better. We discuss these results in the context of ironman and triathlon competitions.
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Hoitz, Fabian, Vinzenz von Tscharner, Christian Maurer, Laura Fraeulin, Daniela Ohlendorf, and Benno Nigg. "Ironmen competitors exhibit unique gait patterns." Footwear Science 13, sup1 (July 1, 2021): S37—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2021.1917670.

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Pingitore, Alessandro, Erika Garbella, Paolo Piaggi, Danilo Menicucci, Francesca Frassi, Vincenzo Lionetti, Andrea Piarulli, et al. "Early subclinical increase in pulmonary water content in athletes performing sustained heavy exercise at sea level: ultrasound lung comet-tail evidence." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 5 (November 2011): H2161—H2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00388.2011.

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Whether prolonged strenuous exercise performed by athletes at sea level can produce interstitial pulmonary edema is under debate. Chest sonography allows to estimate extravascular lung water, creating ultrasound lung comet-tail (ULC) artifacts. The aim of the study was to determine whether pulmonary water content increases in Ironmen ( n = 31) during race at sea level and its correlation with cardiopulmonary function and systemic proinflammatory and cardiac biohumoral markers. A multiple factor analysis approach was used to determine the relations between systemic modifications and ULCs by assessing correlations among variables and groups of variables showing significant pre-post changes. All athletes were asymptomatic for cough and dyspnea at rest and after the race. Immediately after the race, a score of more than five comet tail artifacts, the threshold for a significant detection, was present in 23 athletes (74%; 16.3 ± 11.2; P < 0.01 ULC after the race vs. rest) but decreased 12 h after the end of the race (13 athletes; 42%; 6.3 ± 8.0; P < 0.01 vs. soon after the race). Multiple factor analysis showed significant correlations between ULCs and cardiac-related variables and NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Healthy athletes developed subclinical increase in pulmonary water content immediately after an Ironman race at sea level, as shown by the increased number of ULCs related to cardiac changes occurring during exercise. Hemodynamic changes are one of several potential factors contributing to the mechanisms of ULCs.
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Simmons, Jason M., Tara Q. Mahoney, and Marion E. Hambrick. "Leisure, work, and family: How IronMEN balance the demands of three resource-intensive roles." Leisure Sciences 38, no. 3 (March 3, 2016): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1092402.

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DiBenigno, Julia, and Michaela Kerrissey. "Structuring mental health support for frontline caregivers during COVID-19: lessons from organisational scholarship on unit-aligned support." BMJ Leader 4, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/leader-2020-000279.

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BackgroundAlthough the COVID-19 pandemic exposes frontline caregivers to severe prolonged stresses and trauma, there has been little clarity on how healthcare organisations can structure support to address these mental health needs. This article translates organisational scholarship on professionals working in organisations to elucidate why traditional approaches to supporting employee mental health, which often ask employees to seek assistance from centralised resources that separate mental health personnel from frontline units, may be insufficient under crisis conditions. We identify a critical but often overlooked aspect of employee mental health support: how frontline professionals respond to mental health services. In high-risk, high-pressure fields, frontline professionals may perceive mental health support as coming at the expense of urgent frontline work goals (ie, patient care) and as clashing with their central professional identities (ie, as expert, self-reliant ironmen/women).FindingsTo address these pervasive goal and identity conflicts in professional organisations, we translate the results of a multiyear research study examining the US Army’s efforts to transform its mental health support during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We highlight parallels between providing support to frontline military units and frontline healthcare units during COVID-19 and surface implications for structuring mental health supports during a crisis. We describe how an intentional organisational design used by the US Army that assigned specific mental health personnel to frontline units helped to mitigate professional goal and identity conflicts by creating personalised relationships and contextualising mental health offerings.ConclusionAddressing frontline caregivers’ mental health needs is a vital part of health delivery organisations’ response to COVID-19, but without thoughtful organisational design, well-intentioned efforts may fall short. An approach that assigns individual mental health personnel to support specific frontline units may be particularly promising.
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Firmin, Laurence, Didier Courtois, Vincent Pétiard, Charles Ehret, and Konrad Lerch. "Evaluation of the Natural Variability in Irone Content and Selection of Iris sp. for Perfume Production." HortScience 33, no. 6 (October 1998): 1046–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.6.1046.

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Rhizomes of Iris species used for perfume production do not contain scented irones immediately after harvest, precluding early selection of potentially high-producing genotypes. A recently developed technique involving a bacterial treatment (Rahnella aquatilis Izard, Gavini, Trinel, and Leclerc) of fresh rhizomes shortened the maturation time from 3 years to a few days. Variability in irone content among freshly harvested Iris species (76 clones) was evaluated, and three high-producing clones of Iris pallida Lam. were selected. Significant variability among clones was observed for irone content, growth, and yield.
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Casas, Ruth de Las. "Ironman." BMJ 336, no. 7640 (February 16, 2008): s64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39384.909653.ce.

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Winkler, I. "Ironman." Zeitschrift für Herz-,Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 32, no. 4 (June 13, 2018): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00398-018-0249-3.

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Korstanje, Maximiliano E. "IRONMAN." Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology 7, no. 2 (2010): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cultura20107214.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ironmen"

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Anderson, Rhonda Margaret, and n/a. "Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Knowledge of Lifesavers, Ironmen and Lifeguards." Griffith University. School of Health Science, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051116.121748.

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Despite surf lifesavers being national icons of good health and good nutrition, surprisingly little factual information is known about the nutritional status of this unique aquatic fellowship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake and nutritional knowledge of three distinct groups of Australian surf lifesavers. Weighed food diaries are commonly used to assess the nutritional intake of athletes but this method has the disadvantage of a heavy respondent burden. Individuals being investigated must be literate and highly motivated to keep accurate records of food and drinks consumed. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) offer an alternative assessment method to weighed food records as they are relatively quick and easy to complete and do not require a high level of literacy. A secondary purpose of this study was to compare seven-day weighed food diaries with a FFQ that had already been validated for use with an older mixed gender population. The nutrient intakes of 60 members of Surf Lifesaving Australia were measured. Nineteen, who were professional lifeguards completed a FFQ. Thirty lifesavers and 11 surf ironmen each completed the FFQ, a seven-day weighed food diary and a nutritional knowledge questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choice questions. There were significant differences between the three groups in age and activity with ironmen being significantly younger (mean age 22.9yrs) and significantly more physically active (mean 134mins/day) than either lifesavers (mean age, 31.3yrs, mean activity 46min/day) or lifeguards (mean age 35.8yrs, mean activity 65min/day). There were no significant differences in these parameters between lifesavers and lifeguards. The seven-day food diary revealed significant differences in nutrient intake between lifesavers and ironmen. Lifesavers consumed 1 1,807kJ, 125g protein (1.6g/kg) and 327g carbohydrate (4.Og/kg) while ironmen consumed 14,69/kJ, 1519 protein (1.9g/kg) and 4629 carbohydrate (5.6g/kg). Lifesavers and ironmen exceeded the RDIs for all vitamins and minerals measured. The seven day food diary demonstrated significant differences between the lifesavers and ironmen in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, alcohol, thiamin, niacin, calcium and iron. When the nutrient analysis data set for the FFQ was checked this method of dietary assessment was found to be unreliable as greater than 20 per cent of subjects were identified as being under-reporters. Lifesavers and ironmen both had good scores on the nutritional knowledge questionnaire and were able to identify groups of foods as being rich sources of fat, fibre, protein and iron. Ironmen were better able to answer questions specifically related to sport nutrition. All three groups meet the current recommendations for daily physical activity. Lifesavers and ironmen meet the current recommendations for, protein, fibre, vitamin and mineral intake and consume alcohol at levels within the current health guidelines. Ironmen have the highest carbohydrate intake which meets the current general health recommendations but consume less than the current special recommendations of sport nutritionists while lifesavers consume only 44% of energy as carbohydrate. These results suggest that while the both lifesavers and ironmen consume a relatively healthy diet only the surf ironmen could possibly be considered nutritional icons.
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Anderson, Rhonda Margaret. "Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Knowledge of Lifesavers, Ironmen and Lifeguards." Thesis, Griffith University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366820.

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Despite surf lifesavers being national icons of good health and good nutrition, surprisingly little factual information is known about the nutritional status of this unique aquatic fellowship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake and nutritional knowledge of three distinct groups of Australian surf lifesavers. Weighed food diaries are commonly used to assess the nutritional intake of athletes but this method has the disadvantage of a heavy respondent burden. Individuals being investigated must be literate and highly motivated to keep accurate records of food and drinks consumed. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) offer an alternative assessment method to weighed food records as they are relatively quick and easy to complete and do not require a high level of literacy. A secondary purpose of this study was to compare seven-day weighed food diaries with a FFQ that had already been validated for use with an older mixed gender population. The nutrient intakes of 60 members of Surf Lifesaving Australia were measured. Nineteen, who were professional lifeguards completed a FFQ. Thirty lifesavers and 11 surf ironmen each completed the FFQ, a seven-day weighed food diary and a nutritional knowledge questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choice questions. There were significant differences between the three groups in age and activity with ironmen being significantly younger (mean age 22.9yrs) and significantly more physically active (mean 134mins/day) than either lifesavers (mean age, 31.3yrs, mean activity 46min/day) or lifeguards (mean age 35.8yrs, mean activity 65min/day). There were no significant differences in these parameters between lifesavers and lifeguards. The seven-day food diary revealed significant differences in nutrient intake between lifesavers and ironmen. Lifesavers consumed 1 1,807kJ, 125g protein (1.6g/kg) and 327g carbohydrate (4.Og/kg) while ironmen consumed 14,69/kJ, 1519 protein (1.9g/kg) and 4629 carbohydrate (5.6g/kg). Lifesavers and ironmen exceeded the RDIs for all vitamins and minerals measured. The seven day food diary demonstrated significant differences between the lifesavers and ironmen in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, alcohol, thiamin, niacin, calcium and iron. When the nutrient analysis data set for the FFQ was checked this method of dietary assessment was found to be unreliable as greater than 20 per cent of subjects were identified as being under-reporters. Lifesavers and ironmen both had good scores on the nutritional knowledge questionnaire and were able to identify groups of foods as being rich sources of fat, fibre, protein and iron. Ironmen were better able to answer questions specifically related to sport nutrition. All three groups meet the current recommendations for daily physical activity. Lifesavers and ironmen meet the current recommendations for, protein, fibre, vitamin and mineral intake and consume alcohol at levels within the current health guidelines. Ironmen have the highest carbohydrate intake which meets the current general health recommendations but consume less than the current special recommendations of sport nutritionists while lifesavers consume only 44% of energy as carbohydrate. These results suggest that while the both lifesavers and ironmen consume a relatively healthy diet only the surf ironmen could possibly be considered nutritional icons.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Health Sciences
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Zelmanow, Ari. "The Learning Pathways of Ironman Triathletes| Case Studies of Age-Group Ironman Triathletes." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3666916.

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The Ironman Triathlon is an epic endurance event consisting of a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride, and a 26.2-mile run. There is paucity in the literature relating to how athletes learn how to negotiate this event. This qualitative study was conducted over a 9 month period, to align with the 2013 Ironman training and racing season. Seven athletes were selected for participation in the study. Utilizing a case study approach, the Ironman athletes' learning pathways were examined through in-depth interviews and audio and video content personally captured by the participants.

The learning pathways revealed the athletes initially learned through cognitive means, i.e. social interaction, reading, Internet sources, and the observation of others. As athletes traversed the learning pathway, they subsequently operationalized the knowledge they learned and constructively made it meaningful to their respective personal training and racing situations. At the terminal end of the learning pathway, the athletes operationalized the learned content in an experiential learning cycle. During the entire learning pathway, the athletes practiced the learned content, which is best characterized as behavioral learning. The audio and video content provided by the athletes empirically validated the interviews.

The interviews with the athletes were coded. Some unifying themes emerged from the data independent of cognitive, constructivist, behavioral, or experiential learning theories; e.g. the importance of mental toughness, the understanding of pain during the training and racing process, how success is measured, the importance of training with a power meter, and motivating factors.

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Grand'Maison, Karine. "Mental skills of elite ironman triathletes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26914.

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Elite athletes use mental strategies in a wide variety of sports to enhance performance (Mahoney, Gabriel, & Perkins, 1987; Orlick & Partington, 1999; Schomer, 1987; Tammen, 1996; Ungerleider & Golding, 1991). High-level athletes have been found to use mental strategies before, during, and after competition (Orlick, 2000). Little is known, however, about the psychological strategies that Ironman triathletes use to race successfully. The question of how these triathletes mentally prepare to be their best in competitions has not been addressed in the literature. The purpose of this study was to explore the mental skills employed by elite Ironman triathletes by exploring the following research question: How do elite Ironman triathletes get themselves mentally ready to be their best during competitions? The present study provides meaningful insight into how elite Ironman triathletes mentally prepare. The main areas addressed include detailed race planning, following personal routines, focusing, controlling discomfort and other distractions, dealing with nutrition, having confidence in one's abilities, using imagery, staying positive, and connecting with one's body.
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Youngman, Jason D. "Risk for Exercise Addiction: A Comparison of Triathletes Training for Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman-, and Ironman-distance Triathlons." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/12.

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Whereas clinical professionals and the general public recognize exercise in moderate amounts as an important component of a healthy lifestyle, researchers have noted that when taken to an excessive level, exercise may become addictive. Usually considered rare in the broad exercising population, risk for exercise addiction has been found to be more prominent among certain specialized groups, such as runners. This study investigated the risk for exercise addiction in a unique group of endurance athletes-Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman, and Ironman-distance triathletes. The sample consisted of 1285 male and female triathletes, ranging in age from 18 to 70 years old, recruited through the electronic newsletter of a national triathlon organization. During the past year participants completed at least one triathlon of Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman-, and/or Ironman-distance, or were in training for one. To measure the risk for exercise addiction, participants completed an online questionnaire, comprising the six items of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (Terry, Szabo, & Griffiths, 2004), six items added by the investigator, and a demographics section. Results indicate that approximately 20% of triathletes are at risk for exercise addiction, 79% are committed exercisers who exhibit some symptoms of exercise addiction, and 1% are asymptomatic. Results also demonstrate that female triathletes are at greater risk for exercise addiction than male triathletes. Training for longer distance races (e.g., Olympic-, Half-Ironman-, and Ironman-) put triathletes at greater risk for exercise addiction than training for shorter races. No significant association exists between the risk for exercise addiction and either the number of years of participating in the sport or the length of training sessions. However, as the number of weekly training hours or the number of weekly training sessions increases, so does a triathlete's risk for exercise addiction. Results demonstrate that triathletes have a lower than anticipated risk for exercise addiction, yet a higher risk than the general exercising population. Because at-risk triathletes need greater clinical attention, further research should be conducted to help clinicians develop enhanced awareness and appropriate interventions.
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Mara, Lourenço Sampaio de. "Alterações hidroeletrolíticas agudas no triatlo Ironman Brasil." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2005. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/341.

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The Triathlon Ironman is characterized for a resistance activity consisting of 3,8 km of swimming, 180 km of cycling and 42,2 km of running, in which the athlete is exercised, in average, for about 13 hours. In this context, the athlete displayed to such load of effort and ambient adversities experiences acute organic alterations in his biological systems, including the hydroelectrolytic disturbs. The objective of this study is to describe the hydric and electrolytic alterations found in triathlon Ironman athletes in the years from 2002 to 2005. 109 voluntary athletes had been evaluated before and immediately after the events carried through in Florianópolis-SC Brazil, with blood analysis of sodium and potassium electrolytes, and measure of body mass. The data of the sodium serum of 89 athletes had been correlated with the degree of dehydration and percentile modifications of body weight. Data of 77 athletes, in relation to the serum potassium, had been evaluated separately in a descriptive form. Six athletes (6,7%) had presented euhydrated or superhydrated to the end of the test, 50 athletes had dehydrated from 0 to 3% (56,2%), 29 from 3 to 6 % (32,6%) and 4 athletes (4,5%) had dehydrated more than 6%. It had a trend to occur hyponatremia between those had dehydrated little or gained weight. The potassium had a behavior inside of the limits of normality in all sample. The conclusion is that the hydroelectrolytic disturbances (hyponatremia and dehydration) are incident in this sportive modality, being the superhydration the probable etiology of hyponatremia denoted by the gain or discrete losses of weight.
O Ironman é uma das variações da modalidade de triatlo e caracteriza-se por uma atividade de longa duração, constituída por 3,8 Km de natação, 180 Km de ciclismo e 42,2 Km de corrida, na qual o atleta exercita-se em média por cerca de 13 horas. Neste contexto o atleta exposto a tal carga de esforço e adversidades ambientais experimenta alterações orgânicas agudas em seus sistemas biológicos, inclusive distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as alterações hídricas e eletrolíticas encontradas em atletas de triatlo Ironman nos anos de 2002 a 2005. Com este intuito 109 atletas voluntários foram avaliados antes e após a prova, sendo submetidos a análise sangüínea dos eletrólitos sódio e potássio e pesagem de massa corpórea. Os dados do sódio sérico de 89 atletas foram correlacionadas com o percentual de desidratação e alterações percentuais de peso corporal. Dados de 77 atletas, quanto ao potássio sérico, foram avaliados isoladamente de uma forma descritiva. A análise estatística consistiu de uma parte descritiva, com a determinação das estatísticas descritivas básicas, e de uma parte inferencial, que estudou a significância estatística da correlação entre os resultados dos exames. Seis atletas (6,7%) apresentaram-se euhidratados ou superhidratados ao final da prova, 50 atletas desidrataram de 0 a 3% (56,2%), 29 de 3 a 6 % (32,6%) e 4 atletas (4,5%) desidrataram mais que 6%. Houve uma tendência a ocorrer hiponatremia, uma das mais preocupantes alterações hidroeletrolíticas, entre aqueles que desidrataram menos ou ganharam peso. O potássio teve um comportamento dentro dos limites da normalidade em toda amostra. Conclui-se que os distúrbios hidroelétrolíticos são incidentes nesta modalidade esportiva, e a superhidratação, evidenciada pelo ganho ou perdas discretas de peso, é a etiologia provável da hiponatremia.
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Rio, Camila Lazaro. "Lesões dermatológicas em triatletas de longa duração (ironman)." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/266.

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This study aims to identify the main dermatological lesions on long-term triathletes (Ironman) who participated in the race in May 2012. This is a descriptive and exploratory research with a population of 2,000, the sample composed of athletes who were seen at the Physiotherapy tents, put together on the race day, composed of the first 100 attendance by the researcher, equivalent to 14%. In general, approximately 40% of the athletes who complete the race are seen by a Physiotherapy team, 20% of athletes who finish the race are seen by the medical staff; 5-7% end up not finishing the race. Approximately 800 athletes circulated by the Physiotherapy tent, 350 athletes in the medical field, and 150 athletes did not finish the race. According to the attendance, 85 athletes were male and 15 female, 20 athletes occupied ratings among the top 50 overall, 9 were between 51-100, 15 athletes between 101-200; 56 athletes 201-800 . 81% of athletes had confirmed the use of sunscreen before the training, but without replacement when the trainings were long. 59% had spots on the skin. In foot injuries the frequency was: callosities 32%, nails 60%, bubbles 90%. Considering the exposure of the athletes to the diversity of physical agents (solar radiation, humidity, temperature, air); mechanical agents (bicycle, clothes, shoes, helmet, etc..); Training time (20-30 hours per week), and other agents, triathlon athletes of long term should conduct periodic visits to the dermatologist and so follow the guidelines to not aggravate the lesions that will be vulnerable during training.
Este estudo tem como propósito Identificar as principais lesões dermatológicas em triatletas de longa duração (IRONMAN) que participaram da prova em maio de 2012. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que apresenta características descritiva e exploratória com uma população de 2000, a amostra foi composta pelos atletas que foram atendidos nas tendas de Fisioterapia, montadas no dia da prova, composta pelos 100 primeiros atendimentos pela pesquisadora, equivalente a 14%. Em geral, Aproximadamente 40% dos atletas que completam a prova são atendidos pela equipe de Fisioterapia; 20% dos atletas que terminam a prova são atendidos pela equipe Médica; 5 a 7% acabam não concluindo a prova. Circularam pela tenda de Fisioterapia aproximadamente de 800 atletas; 350 atletas na área médica; e 150 atletas que não completaram a prova. De acordo com os atendimentos, 85 atletas eram do sexo masculino e 15 do sexo feminino; 20 atletas ocuparam classificações entre os 50 primeiros lugares no geral; 9 ficaram entre 51 a 100; 15 atletas entre 101 a 200; 56 atletas de 201 a 800. 81% dos atletas confirmaram o uso de protetor solar antes dos treinamentos, mas sem reposição quando os treinos eram longos. 59% apresentaram manchas na pele. Nas lesões do pé a frequência foi: calosidade 32%, unhas 60%, bolhas 90%. Considerando a exposição dos atletas as diversidades dos agentes físicos (radiações solares, umidade, temperatura, ar); agentes mecânicos (bicicleta, roupa, calçado, capacete, etc.); tempo de treinamento (20 a 30 horas semanais); e outros agentes, atletas do triatlo de longa duração devem realizar visitas periódicas ao dermatologista e assim seguir as orientações para não agravar as lesões que estarão vulneráveis durante os treinamentos.
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Drew, Nichola. "Exercise-associated muscle cramping (EAMC) in Ironman triathletes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7428.

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Exercise-associated muscle cramping (EAMC) is a common condition of spontaneous, painful skeletal muscle spasms that occur in exercising muscles during exercise or in the immediate post-exercise period. There is a high prevalence in endurance athletes, including ultra-distance triathletes. The exact cause for this condition has not been defined but various hypotheses have been proposed. Over the last decade the ""fatigue hypothesis"" has received most of the support in the scientific literature. Evidence from animal experiments, clinical studies on endurance athletes and situational information, suggest that neuromuscular fatigue may precede the increased neuromuscular excitability leading to EAMC. The objective of this research study was to identify factors associated with EAMC in endurance triathletes in an attempt to further elucidate the aetiology. Triathletes competing in the 2006 South African lronman triathlon were recruited as subjects in a prospective cohort study. A total of 44 triathletes made up the cramping group and 166 the non-cramping group. A detailed questionnaire, including information on training, personal best performances and a cramping history was completed by both groups of triathletes. Full clinical data was also collected from both groups. This included pre-and post race body weights, and pre- and post-race serum electrolyte concentrations. The main findings of the study were that the two independent risk factors for EAMC in these triathletes were a faster overall race time (and cycling time), and a past history of cramping (in the last 10 races). Results showed that EAMC was correlated with faster overall and cycle section times. The athletes who had experienced cramps in this event not only achieved taster race times but also predicted faster times, despite similarly matched preparation and performance histories as those who did not cramp. A higher intensity of racing would thus be required by these athletes, predisposing them to premature fatigue. The results thus agree with the ""fatigue hypothesis"" as an aetiological mechanism for EAMC. This study also showed no correlation between EAMC and changes in hydration status or changes in serum electrolyte concentration. This study thus adds to the evidence against disturbances in hydration and electrolyte balance as causes for cramping in exercise and further focuses attention on neuromuscular fatigue as a possible primary factor.
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Gandt, Marie de. "Ironies romantiques : Schlegel - Stendhal." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082426.

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À Iéna, dans les années 1800 Schlegel définit une ironie romantique qui serait le principe de la littérature. Elle est devenue le synonyme de « l’absolu littéraire » à la fin du XXe siècle. Sous les héritages critiques, les textes de Schlegel révèlent une autre version de l’ironie romantique, et, partant, de la modernité. Le romantisme retrouve une inscription dans l’Histoire et dans l’espace de la pensée européenne. La philosophie de Iéna a construit l’ironie contre l’esprit des Lumières. En France, Stendhal cherche un comique romantique. La fin du rire d’Ancien Régime a fait naître un comique triste, marque d’un sujet moderne divisé. Dans ses romans, Stendhal a joué des représentations de l’ironie et pratiqué une ironie narrative singulière pour faire de l’œuvre romanesque une forme-sujet qui puisse traverser le temps et recréer une communauté idéale. L’ironie romantique nomme la représentation du sujet et du monde par laquelle le roman constitue la forme de la pensée
In Iena, at the beginning of the XIXth century, Friedrich Schlegel defined a romantic irony that would be the principle of literature. At the end of the XXth century, romantic irony stands for literature as an absolute. Under the critical layers that covered them, Schlegel’s writings reveal another version of romantic irony, hence, of modernity. Romanticism is reinscribed in History and in the space of European thought. The Ienaean philosophy built irony against the “esprit” of the XVIIIth century French philosophers. In France, Stendhal acknowledges the loss of Ancient Régime laughter and the beginning of a sad comic, sign of a divided subject. In his novels, he played upon the various representations of irony and practiced a unique narrative irony : the novel gains the features of a subject that can go through time and recreate an ideal community. Romantic irony names the representation of the subject and the vision of the world through which the novel constitutes the form of thought
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Lichaba, Mamosilo. "Upper respiratory tract symptoms and allergies in Ironman triathletes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2758.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-77).
Triathletes, in particular Ironman triathletes, undergo intense training and compete in a very physically demanding race. Medical conditions in the pre-race period in these triathletes have not been well documented, but there is evidence form other endurance sports that symptoms of respiratory tract infection are particularly common. However, the prevalence, causes and consequences of these symptoms have not been studied in Ironman triathletes. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the incidence of respiratory tract symptoms (RTS) in triathletes preparing for an Ironman Triathlon, 2) to establish the factors associated with the development of these RTS, and 3) to determine the effects of the RTS on pre-race training and race performance. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 304 triathletes entering the 2006 Ironman triathlon in South Africa were recruited as subjects. All the subjects completed a validated questionnaire in the 1-3 days before the race (during registration). The questionnaire contained sections on demographics, training and previous competitions, common general medical conditions that they may have experienced, and a detailed section pertaining to RTS and allergies, including use of medication. Data on race performance was collected after completion of the race. Subjects were divided into the following groups, based on their self-reported history of RTS in the 6 weeks period prior to the race: no RTS, all RTS, only upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS), lower respiratory tract and/or systemic symptoms (LRT +SS).
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Books on the topic "Ironmen"

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Crutcher, Chris. Ironman. New York: HarperTempest, 2004.

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Crutcher, Chris. Ironman. New York: HarperTempest, 2004.

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Crutcher, Chris. Ironman. New York: HarperCollins, 2009.

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Accidental ironman. London: Constable, 2014.

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Racing Ironman Wisconsin: Everything you need to know. Chicago, IL: RunTriMedia Publishing, 2010.

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Crutcher, Chris. Ironman: A novel. New York: Greenwillow Books, 1995.

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Ironman: A novel. New York: Greenwillow Books, 1995.

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Siregar, Amiruddin. The ironman from Sialagundi. Jakarta: Toko Gunung Agung, 2003.

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Verfasser, Niedrig Andreas 1967, ed. Vom Junkie zum Ironman. München: Heyne, 2007.

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Ironman Hawaii: my story: A ten year dream. a two year plan. United States]: Frank Adornato, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ironmen"

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Andreasson, Jesper, and Thomas Johansson. "Ironman: Concluding Thoughts." In Extreme Sports, Extreme Bodies, 149–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97238-1_8.

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Wirth, Uwe. "Ironie." In Komik, 16–21. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05391-6_4.

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Westermann, Hartmut. "Ironie." In Platon-Handbuch, 303–6. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04335-1_46.

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Bahr, Ehrhard. "Ironie." In Goethe Handbuch, 543–45. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03655-1_176.

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Siegel, Melanie, and Melpomeni Alexa. "Ironie." In Sentiment-Analyse deutschsprachiger Meinungsäußerungen, 71–74. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29699-5_7.

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Sutherland, John. "Ironie." In 50 Schlüsselideen Literatur, 92–95. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2900-1_24.

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Wende, Wara. "Ironie." In Lexikon der Geisteswissenschaften, 383–85. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/boehlau.9783205790099.383.

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Sommer, Andreas Urs. "Ironie." In Nietzsche und die Folgen, 176–82. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05545-3_14.

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Hamilton, Bruce, and Stephen Targett. "Ironman Triathlon: Medical Considerations." In Sports Injuries, 2853–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36569-0_218.

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Eagleton, Terry. "Absolute Ironien: Sören Kierkegaard." In Ästhetik, 180–203. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03510-3_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ironmen"

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Baxter, Gordon, John Rooksby, Yuanzhi Wang, and Ali Khajeh-Hosseini. "The ironies of automation." In the 30th European Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2448136.2448149.

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Uddin, Mohammad Moshfique, Rohit Roy, Saima Alam Miduri, and Rashedur M. Rahman. "IronMan: An Android-Web Based Application for Laundry Services." In 2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795823.

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Richardson, Nathan. "The Power of Process." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.14.

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Ironies abound in our academic architectural design studios. They are insightful ironies if we confront them. We often do not, preferring to focus our attention on the architectural magazine, gallery exhibition, and prize-winning portfolio. These venues are necessary for promoting work, but such an argument isn’t useful or insightful. It is more important to look beyond the glossy spread and backlit GIF to our actual methods of production. It is here, in the reflective consideration of design process, that the insightful ironies hold deeper potential to shape our work and impact the world around us.
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Grazia, Carlo Augusto, Martin Klapez, and Maurizio Casoni. "IRONMAN: Infrastructured RSSI-based Opportunistic routiNg in Mobile Adhoc Networks." In 2020 16th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wimob50308.2020.9253398.

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Bigwood, Greg, and Tristan Henderson. "IRONMAN: Using Social Networks to Add Incentives and Reputation to Opportunistic Networks." In 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT) / 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/passat/socialcom.2011.60.

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Lenett, Michael, Victor Hunt, Arthur Helmicki, and Ahmet Turer. "Field Testing and Evaluation of the Ironton-Russell Truss Bridge." In Structures Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40558(2001)167.

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Perry, Shawna, Sandra McDonald, Brandon Anderson, Thang Tran, and Robert Wears. "Ironies of improvement: organizational factors undermining resilient performance in healthcare." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2007.4414202.

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van den Heuvel, Robert. "IRONMAN failed primary endpoint but shows potential long-term benefits of iron repletion in HF patients." In AHA Scientific Sessions 2022, edited by Marc Bonaca. Baarn, the Netherlands: Medicom Medical Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55788/fd6e63dd.

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Dalvi, Aditi, Mehdi Norouzi, Victor Hunt, and Arthur Helmicki. "Structural health monitoring system of Ironton-Russell bridge during substructure construction." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Tribikram Kundu. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2222912.

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Kolotienko, S. D., G. N. Baklag, A. V. Shhuravlev, M. Y. Bacemakin, and A. Y. Ihilchuk. "PREDICTION OF SURFACE HARDENING RESULTS BASED ON MODELING OF THE SMOOTHING PROCESS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.610-613.

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Based on the results of the study of the course of metal in the center of plastic deformation when ironed by a pyramidal tool, a mathematical model of the process, based on the analysis of the tense-deformed state of the surface Layer.
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