Journal articles on the topic 'Ironie verbale'
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Woch, Agnieszka. "Une ironie sombre : le recours au tabou dans le discours de la publicité sociétale." ACTA UNIVERSITATIS LODZIENSIS. FOLIA LITTERARIA ROMANICA, no. 12 (May 22, 2017): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1505-9065.12.11.
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Nous proposons d’analyser le recours aux domaines tabouisés dans la publicité sociétale visant la sensibilisation du public aux infections sexuellement transmissibles ainsi qu’aux autres dangers menaçant la santé, à la violence physique ou verbale et aux accidents mortels. La contribution aura pour l’objet d’examiner l’emploi de l’ironie sombre dans la publicité sociétale à partir d’un corpus constitué par des slogans, des affiches et des clips vidéo des campagnes de sensibilisation relevées sur les sites francophones et polonais entre 1995 et 2016.
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Burgers, Christian, and Margot Mulken, van. "Het ironisch spectrum - Een overzicht van onderzoek naar het begrip en de retorische effecten van verbale ironie." Tijdschrift voor taalbeheersing 35, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvt2013.2.burg.
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Hess Zimmermann, Karina, Graciela Fernández Ruiz, and Andrea Minerva Silva López. "¿Para qué ironizamos? Reflexiones de adolescentes de 12 y 15 años sobre las funciones de la ironía verbal." EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905x.13.224.
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ES Para establecer las razones por las que un hablante elige un enunciado irónico por encima de uno literal es necesario evaluar la mente del hablante y su intención al emplear la ironía verbal en un contexto comunicativo específico. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la manera en que adolescentes de 12 y 15 años reflexionan sobre las funciones de la ironía verbal en dos tipos de enunciados irónicos: agradecimiento y ofrecimiento. Treinta y dos adolescentes se enfrentaron a diferentes situaciones comunicativas que finalizaban con un enunciado irónico, y mediante un guion de preguntas se indagó sobre las funciones que los participantes atribuían a cada enunciado irónico y sobre el tipo de conocimientos en los que basaban sus reflexiones. Los resultados muestran diferencias debidas a la edad en la cantidad y calidad de las reflexiones presentadas por los participantes. Palabras clave: DESARROLLO LINGÜÍSTICO TARDÍO, IRONÍA VERBAL, REFLEXIÓN METALINGÜÍSTICA, FUNCIÓN DE LA IRONÍA, TEORÍA DE LA MENTE EN To establish the reasons behind a speaker’s choice to use an ironic expression over a literal one, it is necessary to evaluate the speaker’s mind and his/her intention to employ irony in a specific communicative context. Taking this into account, the purpose of this study is to analyse the way in which adolescents ages 12 and 15 reflect on the functions of verbal irony in two types of ironic expressions: ironic thanking and ironic offering. Thirty-two subjects were faced with different communicative situations ending with an ironic remark and were asked about the functions they attributed to each remark and on what sort of knowledge they based their responses. Results show age-based differences in the amount and quality of the reflections presented by the participants. Key words: LATER LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT, VERBAL IRONY, METALANGUAGE, FUNCTIONS OF IRONY, THEORY OF MIND IT Per stabilire i motivi che spingono un parlante a usare un enunciato ironico al posto di uno letterale, è necessario valutarne la mente e le intenzioni nell’usare l’ironia verbale in un determinato contesto comunicativo. Con queste premesse, il presente studio si propone di analizzare in che modo adolescenti di 12 e 15 anni riflettono sulle funzioni dell’ironia verbale in due tipi di enunciati ironici: ringraziamento e offerta. Dopo essere stati messi di fronte a diverse situazioni comunicative che si chiudevano con un enunciato ironico, a 32 adolescenti è stato chiesto di rispondere a una serie di domande sulla funzione che ciascuno/a di loro attribuiva a ogni enunciato e di dire in base a cosa avevano optato per quella funzione. I risultati mostrano differenze in base all’età nella quantità e nella qualità delle riflessioni fatte dai/dalle partecipanti. Parole chiave: SVILUPPO TARDIVO DEL LINGUAGGIO, IRONIA VERBALE, RIFLESSIONE METALINGUISTICA, FUNZIONE DELL’IRONIA, TEORIA DELLA MENTE
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Lehmann, Claudia, and Alexander Bergs. "As if irony was in stock." Constructions and Frames 13, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 309–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.00053.leh.
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Abstract The linguistic treatment of verbal irony1 has more often than not focused on novel, ad hoc ironies. Research in the last decade, however, suggests that there is a considerable number of utterances that are either schematic or lexically filled and interpreted as ironic by convention. By analyzing three of these, i.e. Tell me about it, XP pro BE not (A Michelangelo he is not) and stand-alone insubordinate as if (As if anyone could pronounce that), the present paper will show that these expressions are best analyzed as constructions (Goldberg 1995, 2006). The paper will further show that the Viewpoint account of irony (Dancygier 2017; Tobin & Israel 2012) describes the data at hand most adequately.
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GLENWRIGHT, MELANIE, and PENNY M. PEXMAN. "Development of children's ability to distinguish sarcasm and verbal irony*." Journal of Child Language 37, no. 2 (June 15, 2009): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000909009520.
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ABSTRACTAdults distinguish between ironic remarks directed at targets (sarcasm) and ironic remarks not directed at specific targets. We investigated the development of children's appreciation for this distinction by presenting these speech acts to 71 five- to six-year-olds and 71 nine- to ten-year-olds. Five- to six-year-olds were beginning to understand the non-literal meanings of sarcastic speakers and ironic speakers but did not distinguish ironic and sarcastic speakers' intentions. Nine- to ten-year-olds were more accurate at understanding sarcastic and ironic speakers and they distinguished these speakers' intentions, rating sarcastic criticisms as more ‘mean’ than ironic criticisms. These results show that children can determine the non-literal meanings of sarcasm and irony by six years of age but do not distinguish the pragmatic purposes of these speech acts until later in middle childhood.
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Amorim, Marcelo da Silva, Ricardo Alexandre Peixoto Barbosa, and Wendell Pereira da Silva. "Ironia verbal: marcas, funcionamento, efetivação e absurdo." Revista Odisseia 7, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/1983-2435.2022v7n2id29865.
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A ironia verbal é tema de inúmeras pesquisas científicas no âmbito dos estudos da linguagem, não reunindo consenso em relação às suas especificidades, nomeadamente quanto à sua natureza e às suas marcas ou índices textuais. Nosso objetivo principal, neste artigo, é questionar o funcionamento da ironia e os recursos mobilizados para sua efetivação e reconhecimento. Para tal, adotamos como aporte teórico Ducrot (1987), Maingueneau (1997), Muecke (2008), Guimarães (2001) e Attardo (2000), sendo o exemplário utilizado oriundo de Modesta Proposta e outros textos satíricos, de Swift (2005); um excerto de Montesquieu (apud MAINGUENEAU, 1997); e Cuca fundida, de Allen (2013). Como resultado preliminar, prevemos que a ironia verbal tem como pressupostos fundamentais a assunção de um enunciador (ou ponto de vista) absurdo e o caráter facultativo de suas supostas marcas intrínsecas.
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Utsumi, Akira. "Verbal irony as implicit display of ironic environment: Distinguishing ironic utterances from nonirony." Journal of Pragmatics 32, no. 12 (November 2000): 1777–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(99)00116-2.
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Härtl, Holden, and Tatjana Bürger. "‘Well, that’s just great!’: an empirically based analysis of non-literal and attitudinal content of ironic utterances." Folia Linguistica 55, no. 2 (July 26, 2021): 361–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2021-2020.
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Abstract This study contributes to the ongoing debate about the informational status of attitudinal content with a focus on verbal irony. Specifically, we investigate where the different meaning components involved in ironic utterances are positioned in the dichotomy between primary and secondary content of utterances. After an analysis of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of ironic meaning components and their linguistic expression, we show, based on experimental data, that ironic, non-literally asserted content is “less” at-issue than non-ironic, literally asserted content. Crucially, our findings also suggest that an ironic utterance’s non-literally asserted content is more at-issue than the attitudinal content expressed with an ironic utterance. No difference is observed between attitudinal content manifested as ironic criticism and content manifested as ironic praise. Our findings support the notion of at-issueness as a graded criterion and can be used to argue that verbal irony in general seems to be difficult to reject directly and treated as at-issue.
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Marta Krygier-Bartz, Marta, and Melanie Glenwright. "Verbal Irony Comprehension in Adults who Speak English as an Additional Language." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 6, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): p58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v6n2p58.
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We examined whether adults who speak English as an Additional Language (EAL) have a decreased ability to comprehend verbal irony compared to native English speakers. Participants watched a series of 30-second videos containing ironic and literal statements. Respondents identified speaker’s belief, and rated speaker’s attitude and humor. EAL speakers were less reliable than native English speakers in identifying the speaker’s belief for both ironic and literal statements and showed lower humor ratings for ironic criticisms.
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Mazzarella, Diana, and Nausicaa Pouscoulous. "Ironic speakers, vigilant hearers." Intercultural Pragmatics 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2023-2001.
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Abstract Verbal irony characteristically involves the expression of a derogatory, dissociative attitude. The ironical speaker is not only stating a blatant falsehood or irrelevant proposition; she is also communicating her stance towards its epistemic status. The centrality of attitude recognition in irony understanding opens up the question of which cognitive abilities make it possible. Drawing on Wilson (2009), we provide a full-fledged account of the role of epistemic vigilance in irony understanding and suggest that it relies on the exercise of first- and second-order vigilance towards the content, the ironic speaker as well as the source of the irony.
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Alahmad, Mana. "Investigating the Strategies Used in Translation of Ironies in English Short Stories translated into Persian." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 2, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v2i4.489.
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This study attempted to investigate the strategies which were used by Persian translators in translation of ironies. Translating irony has always been challenging as it relates to each nation culture and language background. So, special strategies are needed to guide the translators to find suitable equivalences for the ironies within any second language. In this research, strategies for translating two types of ironies i.e. verbal and situational were investigated via short stories. Eight short stories of Ernest Hemingway were chosen as the English texts. For each story two Persian versions were selected.Baker (1992) model of translation strategies was considered as the framework. The result of the total frequency count of the strategies adopted in translating the ironies by the translators’indicated that the most common strategies which used by these translators to translate English verbal and situational ironies into Persian were cultural equivalences and general or neutral equivalences for English words and phrases.The findings are of help to translators, translation trainers and readers among all interested parties
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Van der Merwe, T. "’n Perspektief op ironie in die hedendaagse Afrikaanse taalgebruik." Literator 22, no. 2 (August 7, 2001): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v22i2.364.
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A discussion of irony in contemporary Afrikaans The purpose of this article is to investigate the nature of irony as used in contemporary Afrikaans language. A common feature of the irony that shows up consistently in contemporary Afrikaans, is some form of duality or contrast, such as between a reality and a perception. Special attention is given to the distinguishing features of verbal irony and the different semantic contrasts which could occur. Various signals indicating irony, and functions of irony in contemporary use are also examined.
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Gaudreau, G., L. Monetta, J. Macoir, S. Poulin, R. Jr Laforce, and C. Hudon. "Mental State Inferences Abilities Contribution to Verbal Irony Comprehension in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment." Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/685613.
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Objective. The present study examined mentalizing capacities as well as the relative implication of mentalizing in the comprehension of ironic and sincere assertions among 30 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 30 healthy control (HC) subjects.Method. Subjects were administered a task evaluating mentalizing by means of short stories. A verbal irony comprehension task, in which participants had to identify ironic or sincere statements within short stories, was also administered; the design of the task allowed uniform implication of mentalizing across the conditions.Results. Findings indicated that participants with MCI have second-order mentalizing difficulties compared to HC subjects. Moreover, MCI participants were impaired compared to the HC group in identifying ironic or sincere stories, both requiring mental inference capacities.Conclusion. This study suggests that, in individuals with MCI, difficulties in the comprehension of ironic and sincere assertions are closely related to second-order mentalizing deficits. These findings support previous data suggesting a strong relationship between irony comprehension and mentalizing.
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STOCK, OLIVIERO, CARLO STRAPPARAVA, and ALESSANDRO VALITUTTI. "IRONIC EXPRESSIONS AND MOVING WORDS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 22, no. 05 (August 2008): 1045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001408006570.
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Among forms of creative language, verbal humor has received some attention in the computational milieu. Some aspects of irony and wordplay could be experimented in automated systems. For instance, we developed a system that makes fun of existing acronyms, based mainly on lexical reasoning. The dimension of emotion in words is also starting to be understood among computational linguists. The challenge of electronic advertisements offers in particular a great opportunity for getting now deeper into creative language expression and emotion. An advertising message induces in the recipient a positive or negative attitude toward the advertised object. A prototype we have developed for advertising professionals has two steps: (i) the creative variation of familiar expressions, taking into account the effective content of the produced text, (ii) the automatic animation (semantically consistent with the affective text content) of the resulting expression, using kinetic typography techniques. In this way the ironic-affective effect is perceptually emphasized.
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Messa, Luciana Chequer Saraiva, Elizeu Borloti, and Verônica Bender Haydu. "Estudos empíricos da ironia: revisão sistemática e implicações para uma análise funcional." Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana 38, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.6132.
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La ironía es un operante verbal bajo control múltiple y, por lo tanto, complejo, con la función de dejar al oyente producir una respuesta, en general contraria a lo que fue dicho, y casi siempre con función de ridiculización. El objetivo de este artículo es, a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, mapear las variables (o sus indicadores) estudiadas en investigaciones empíricas e indicar elementos esenciales para el análisis funcional de la ironía. Búsquedas en las bases de datos BVS, NCBI, Science Direct, PsycInfo y Ebsco, hechas por medio de los descriptores ironía, ironía verbal, sarcasmo, control múltiple, irónico y comportamiento verbal, localizaron 43 artículos en Psicología, Lingüística y Neurociencia. Se verificó que en el análisis funcional de la ironía se debe atentar a las: (a) características de los integrantes del episodio verbal irónico y de los eventos antecedentes y consecuentes de la ironía; y (b) consecuencias de las variables ambientales que controlan la ironía en diferentes matices, como humor, sarcasmo, cinismo o burla. La descripción de estos elementos en otros abordajes teóricos puede ser útil para un análisis funcional de la ironía y contribuir para el conocimiento y para investigaciones experimentales en el análisis del comportamiento.
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Banasik, Natalia. "Non-literal speech comprehension in preschool children – an example from a study on verbal irony." Psychology of Language and Communication 17, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2013-0020.
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Abstract The study aims to answer questions about the developmental trajectories of irony comprehension. The research focuses on the problem of the age at which ironic utterances can first be understood. The link between ironic utterance comprehension and early Theory of Mind (ToM) is examined as well. In order to approach the topic, 46 preschool children were tested with the Irony Comprehension Task (Banasik & Bokus, 2013) and the Reflection on Thinking Test (Białecka-Pikul, 2012) in three age groups: four-year-olds, five-year-olds and six-year-olds. The study showed no age effect in the Irony Comprehension Task and a significant effect in the Reflection on Thinking Test. On some of the measures, irony comprehension correlates with theory of mind. Also, an analysis of children’s narratives was conducted to observe how children explain the intention of the speaker who uttered the ironic statement. The children’s responses fall into four categories, one of which involves a function similar to a white lie being ascribed to the utterance.
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de Vries, Clarissa, Bert Oben, and Geert Brône. "Exploring the role of the body in communicating ironic stance." Languages and Modalities 1 (October 25, 2021): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/lamo.1.68876.
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Performing and understanding conversational irony requires a complex management of multiple viewpoints. To communicate and negotiate these intricate viewpoint shifts, speakers (and addressees) often use nonverbal means (e.g. gaze shifts, shrugs, shifts in body orientation, hand gestures, etc.) next to verbal viewpoint strategies. In the present paper we zoom in on the perspective of the speaker and try to describe and quantify bodily behavior in ironic utterances compared to non-ironic ones. To this end, we use data from a video-corpus of three-party interactions with participants wearing mobile eye-tracking devices that allow for precise eye gaze data. Our results show that speakers display more of the multimodal resources under scrutiny in ironic cases compared to non-ironic cases. More specifically, the involvement of bodily resources is mainly manifested in the use of laughter, head movements and body repositionings. We further show how those resources cluster into certain multimodal packages, and how the exact timing of the bodily behavior is relevant (i.e. the gaze behavior at the end of an ironic segment differs most notably from the end of a non-ironic one). Next to a quantitative analysis of the resources used in ironic talk in interaction, we also illustrate our findings with qualitative descriptions of relevant examples.
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Ajtony, Zsuzsanna. "Translation of Irony in the Hungarian Subtitles of Downton Abbey." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2015-0014.
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AbstractThis paper proposes to analyse ironic utterances in the British TV series Downton Abbey (Season One) by comparing the English source text (ST) irony found in the script of the film to its subtitled variant of the Hungarian target text (TT). First the literature of the domain is surveyed in order to draw attention to the difficulty of rendering irony in audiovisual subtitles which emphasises that, as a multidisciplinary area, it involves not only audio and visual, but also verbal and non-verbal factors. This section is followed by a brief survey of irony theories highlighting the incongruence factor of irony, which also needs to be rendered in the TT After offering an outline of the story, several examples of ironic utterances are discussed, applying the dynamic equivalence method.
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Gibbs, Raymond W. "Why irony sometimes comes to mind." Pragmatics and Cognition 15, no. 2 (June 12, 2007): 229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.15.2.03gib.
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Research on the pragmatics of irony focuses on verbal irony use or on people’s ironic conceptualizations of external events. But people sometimes experience irony within themselves whenever conscious attempts to accomplish something (e.g., fall asleep, quit smoking, not think of a failed relationship) lead to completely contrary results (e.g., staying awake, having a stronger desire to smoke, constant thoughts about the failed relationship). These situations sometimes seem ironic and evoke strong emotional reactions precisely because people understand the incompatibility between what is desired and what has occurred, enough so that the idea of irony may pop into consciousness. Psychological research now reveals that the difficulty in suppressing unwanted thoughts is shaped by distinct “ironic processes of mental control”. This paper describes previous empirical evidence in support of this theory, suggests how this perspective explains why we occasionally recognize irony within ourselves, presents some new data on people’s ironic understandings of and emotional reactions to ironic events, and relates this new work within psychology to contemporary theories of situational irony.
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Abuissac, Shehda R. S., Ahmed Arifin Bin Sapar, and Ali Gobaili Saged. "Pragmatic Interpretation and Translational Equivalence of Ironic Discourse in the Holy Qurʾan Based on SAT and EAT Theories: Arberry’s English Translation as a Case Study." Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies 18, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340080.
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Abstract This paper discusses and examines intercultural differences between the Arabic use of ironic language in the Quran and its English translation equivalents by Arberry. The data samples of the study are methodologically classified and interpreted in accordance with Haverkate’s “Speech Acts Theory of Irony” (SATI), the “Echoic Account Theory” by Sperber and Wilson, and Nida’s “Theory of Equivalence”. Throughout the application of pragmatic and translation theories, qualitative analysis is used. Analysis and interpretation led to the conclusion that Arabic traditional culture, semantically complex language concepts like polysemy, idiomatic multi-word expressions and, above all, emotive images play fundamental roles that are impeding the translations of ironic speech acts from the Qurʾan into adequate English equivalents. The study also shows how verbal irony intersects with other figures and tropes. Its interface produces a vast range of various functions and dissociative thoughts, while being open to many interpretations. Lastly, the study shows how translational techniques can mitigate, minimize and overcome the problems of corresponding equivalence. The study suggests future research into the role that discourse parameters play for the translational transfer of Qurʾanic ironic speech acts and for all other figurative language types that are interrelated with verbal irony.
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Т. В. ДОБРОШТАН. "“ENGLISH HUMOR IN THE TRANSLATION”: VERBAL MEANS OF MODELLING THE HUMOR CONTEXTS IN RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE’S DETECTIVE STORIES ABOUT SHERLOCK HOLMES." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 22, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2019.192579.
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Introduction. Many works in philology are devoted to the study of nationally specific characteristics of humor and irony in communicative cultures of the different languages’ native speakers. Contemporary linguistics is characterized by investigation the linguistic means of expressing the irony in the English literary works and their translations.Purpose. This paper focuses on the linguistic features of English humorous contexts’ expression in Russian translations of Arthur Conan Doyle’s detective stories about Sherlock Holmes.Methods. Some linguistic methods are applied in our research: descriptive, component analysis method, quantitative and calculative method.Results. The paper illustrates that the range of the linguistic means of expressing the irony in Arthur Conan Doyle’s translations is very wide and variegated. Arthur Conan Doyle’s novels about Sherlock Holmes are analyzed in the paper. Humorous contexts have been selected and categorized. 110 objectifications are presented there. Connection of ironic contexts with human emotions and evaluations has been investigated and illustrated in the paper. Nationally specific characteristics of English humor have been described. The ways of comic effect’s formation and mechanisms of irony demonstration are suggested. The linguistic features of creation the irony are examined and classified. Humor’s and irony’s functions in English communicative cultures are described. Ironic masks of communication acts’ participants have been characterized. Quantitative and semantic analyses are applied in the work.Conclusion. The English humor is very intelligent, intellectual, exquisite, covert, deep self-ironic and sarcastic. Ironic masks of interlocutors are found in Doyle’s detective stories: “smart” and “stupid”. Among the ways of comic effect’s formation hyperbole / litotes, irony, self-irony, sarcasm, black humor, the cheated expectation device has been used. There are a lot of mechanisms of expressing the irony in Doyle’s texts: double digit irony, nonobservance of communicative expectations, explication of the obviosity and absurd. The linguistic features of irony creation in detective stories about Sherlock Holmes are characterized by variety and intensity. The paper concludes that such emotions as fear, anger, sad, shame, disgust, amazement, gratification, gladness and others are objectivized in the text under investigation. Morphologic, syntactic, lexical, phraseological means, phonological characteristics and literature citations have been systematized. Special attention has been paid to the ironic contexts with emotional and evaluative markers. Doyle’s texts are rich in self-ironic reflections, ironic reflections, which can be directed to another participants of communication, ironic reflections, which imply human’s emotions and comparative or metaphoric verbalization.
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Bryant, Gregory A. "Verbal irony in the wild." Pragmatics and Cognition 19, no. 2 (August 10, 2011): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.19.2.06bry.
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Verbal irony constitutes a rough class of indirect intentional communication involving a complex interaction of language-specific and communication-general phenomena. Conversationalists use verbal irony in conjunction with paralinguistic signals such as speech prosody. Researchers examining acoustic features of speech communication usually focus on how prosodic information relates to the surface structure of utterances, and often ignore prosodic phenomena associated with implied meaning. In the case of verbal irony, there exists some debate concerning how these prosodic features manifest themselves in conversation. A form-function approach can provide a valuable tool for understanding speakers’ varied vocal strategies in this domain. Here I describe several ways conversationalists employ prosodic contrasts, laughter, and other speech characteristics in their attempts to communicate effectively and efficiently. The presented examples, culled from spontaneous conversation recordings, reveal just a small sample of the enormous variation in delivery styles speakers adopt when communicating with ironic language.
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Kreuz, Roger J., and Richard M. Roberts. "Two Cues for Verbal Irony: Hyperbole and the Ironic Tone of Voice." Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms1001_3.
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Pexman, Penny M., Juanita M. Whalen, and Jill J. Green. "Understanding Verbal Irony: Clues From Interpretation of Direct and Indirect Ironic Remarks." Discourse Processes 47, no. 3 (April 9, 2010): 237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01638530902959901.
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Banasik, Natalia, and Kornelia Podsiadło. "Comprehension of Ironic Utterances by Bilingual Children." Psychology of Language and Communication 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 316–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plc-2016-0019.
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Abstract This study investigates verbal irony comprehension by 6-year old bilingual children speaking Polish and English and living in the USA. Researchers have predominantly focused on monolingual populations when examining non-literal language in young children. This is the first exploratory study of how irony is comprehended by children growing up in a bilingual setting. Results suggest that 6-year olds from this population score high in decoding the intended meaning behind an ironic utterance and that there is a relation between this ability and the development of their theory of mind (ToM). Interestingly, the data suggests that in the tested sample, no difference could be observed between comprehension of sarcastic irony (i.e., irony containing the element of blame directed towards the addressee) and non-sarcastic irony (irony without criticism towards the interlocutor). The results may be a basis for assuming that irony comprehension may be different in bilingual, compared to monolingual, samples.
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Banasik-Jemielniak, Natalia. "Children's Exposure to Irony in the First Four Years of Their Life: What We Learn About the Use of Ironic Comments by Mothers from the Analysis of the Providence Corpus of Childes." Psychology of Language and Communication 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2019-0001.
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Abstract There has been little research conducted on the use of figurative language in parents' input provided by caregivers in child-directed speech during the first four years of the child's life. The aim of the described study was to check (a) how often ironic comments are present in child-directed speech when the interaction takes place between a mother and a child aged 4 and below and (b) what types of ironic comments children of this age are exposed to. In order to answer these questions, ironic utterances were identified in the videos of 50 hours of recordings that included mother-child interactions of five children aged 2;10‒3;05, available through the CHILDES ‒ Providence Data (Demuth, Culbertson, & Alter, 2006; MacWhinney, 2007). The extracts were then assessed by competent judges to make sure the identified instances met the criteria for verbal irony (Dynel, 2014). Results suggest that irony is present in the mother's language used while interacting with her child, with a significant number of comments where the child seems not to be the actual addressee of the message, but rather the overhearer. The ironic utterances identified during the interactions included mostly references to the child's behavior or being overwhelmed. The most common ironic markers present in these utterances were rhetorical questions and hyperboles.
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Priydarshi, Ashok Kumar. "Jane Austen’s Comic Vision and Her Use of Irony." Journal of Advanced Research in English and Education 05, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.4370.202012.
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Irony in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what on the surface appears to be the case or to be expected differs radically from what is actually the case. In other words, the basic feature of irony is a contrast between reality and appearance. It can be categorized into different types, including verbal irony, dramatic irony and situational irony. These types of ironies are often used for emphasis in the assertion of a truth. Jane Austen uses all these ironies in her novels to show the comic vision of her life. She has used it as a neutral discoverer and explorer of incongruities.
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Banasik-Jemielniak, Natalia, and Barbara Wydział Psychologii Bokus. "How do preschool children justify the use of figurative language. Data from research with irony comprehension task." Educational Psychology 57, no. 15 (June 30, 2019): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2960.
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The aim of the described study was to check how preschool children justify using ironic statements. In the Irony Comprehension Task adopted for examining young children, the participants were asked to explain the use of six examples of verbal irony. There were 231 participants – 77 four-year-olds, 89 five-year-olds and 65 six-year-olds. The data revealed that with increasing age, children are more likely to indicate the duality of ironic statements. Younger children stop at noticing a dissonance between literal and intended meaning, whereas six-year-olds refer also to the inner states of the story’s main character or they introduce interesting metalinguistic explanations.
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Febrian, Rizki, and Zuindra Zuindra. "The GTVH Analysis of Verbal Humor Found in Web Series Malam Minggu Miko By Raditya Dika." Vernacular: Linguistics, Literature, Communication and Culture Journal 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35447/vernacular.v2i1.532.
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This research is aimed to analyze the kinds of verbal humor and the application of GTVH (General Theory of Verbal Humor) found in the web series: Malam Minggu Miko, which centered the data in five episodes. The analysis focused on seven kinds of verbal humor by Shade (1996). The next section is the analysis of the verbal humor by adapting the GTVH Knowledge Resources or KR included six parameters which are SO (Script Opposition), LM (Logical Mechanism), SI (Situation), TA (Target), NA (Narrative), and LA (Language). The result of this research shows eleven verbal humor included; two satires, two ironies, two wits, two farces, one pun, one riddle, and one joke. The GTVH analysis by KR’s parameters through the data was also successfully applied in the ten verbal humors found in the web series: Malam Minggu Miko.
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de Wilde, July. "Satira, ironia y humor (juogo verbal) en Tres tristes tigres : ¿ Una alianza estratégica ?" America 38, no. 1 (2008): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ameri.2008.1843.
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Sheveleva, M. S. "Stylistics and Pragmatics of Artistic Ironic Discourse (English and French Languages)." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 7 (October 1, 2022): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-7-151-173.
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The article is devoted to the display of the stylistic peculiarities of literary ironic discourse in modern English and French prose. The empirical basis of the research is built on the corpus of text fragments containing ironic statements selected from literary works in English and French. The relevance of the study is accounted for by the insufficient study of the interconnections between verbal components and conceptual background of irony — the mental mechanism of second-order empathy — as well as the need to confirm the status of irony as a speech strategy of encouragement, incentive, self-defense, censure, ridicule, discredit, self-justification, self-representation or self-abasement, which is verbalized in fiction literature, thanks to the involvement of a number of stylistic devices of a semantic and syntactic sense. It is shown that in addition to linguistic means that objectify the conceptual structure of an ironic utterance and deictic units that reveal the order and logic of organizing information at the level of second-order empathy, fictional ironic discourse (both English and French) is brightly colored with figurative and expressive means of language, which actualize through ambiguous, voluminous, image-forming semantics and expressive syntax. In the course of comparative analysis, it has also been found out that the French-language fictional ironic discourse has a higher density of stylistic devices and is more expressive than the English-language one.
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Gołębiewska, Maria. "The Phenomenal Aspects of Irony according to Søren Kierkegaard." Open Theology 6, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 606–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2020-0129.
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AbstractThe aim of the text is to characterise some phenomenal aspects of irony (particularly, of the ironic speech acts), which may be found in the Kierkegaardian reflection concerning diverse ironic attitudes of individuals, mainly of Christians. The constant assumptions in Søren Kierkegaard’s various output – in pseudonymous works, those signed with his own name, in “edifying discourses” and other religious texts –include the teleological conception of the sense of human being and existence. According to the philosopher, this sense is determined by the individually chosen and subjectively accepted goal of existence, related to the indicated three stages of life. This is the goal of a person who lives their mortal existence between joke and despair, at an ironic and sceptical distance from rash judgements and generalisations, and at the same time in fear of mundane threats and in fear of God. With the ambiguity of the category of existence, researchers combine an ironic attitude which, according to Kierkegaard, would characterise our way of existence together with its cognition and which would be connected with the conception of subjective truth as based on paradox. Kierkegaard wrote about ironic engagement and at the same time distance, about a positive ironic attitude towards the world of the here and now – a mundane immanent reality. According to Kierkegaard, the ironic attitude is closely related to dialectics, which he understood in a specific way – the structures of repetition and doubling are dialectic, and this dialectics may be found, among other things, in communication and in irony as a specific relation between thought and language. One must highlight that Kierkegaard considered two general types of irony: verbal (logical, rhetorical and poetic) and situational (existential), ultimately pointing out their religious aspects. The final part of the article describes different interconnections between the logical plus rhetorical aspects of irony and the issue of religious engagement of individuals (Christians) – their ironic entanglement in the relations between faith and knowledge, faith and doubt, mundane immanent world and transcendent universe.
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Livnat, Zohar. "On verbal irony, meta-linguistic knowledge and echoic interpretation." Pragmatics and Cognition 12, no. 1 (June 10, 2004): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.12.1.05liv.
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The aim of this paper is to examine some actual examples of written verbal irony that contain apposition. Meta-linguistic knowledge about apposition as a syntactic structure is claimed to be involved in the interpretation process of the utterance and especially in recognizing the victim of the irony. This discussion demonstrates the interdependence between apposition, its echoic quality in particular cases, and the victim of the irony. Since syntactic structure may serve as a cue to indirect meaning, pointing at the specific meta-linguistic knowledge used for interpreting ironic utterances may enrich the discussion and enhance the description of the interpretation process. Different types of echoing are demonstrated and examined. The analysis also suggests that untruthfulness may serve mainly as a cue to the presence of irony, rather than as an essential component of this phenomenon.
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Popa-Wyatt, Mihaela. "Pretence and Echo: Towards an Integrated Account of Verbal Irony." International Review of Pragmatics 6, no. 1 (2014): 127–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00601007.
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Two rival accounts of irony claim, respectively, that pretence and echo are independently sufficient to explain central cases. After highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of these accounts, I argue that an account in which both pretence and echo play an essential role better explains these cases and serves to explain peripheral cases as well. I distinguish between “weak” and “strong” hybrid theories, and advocate an “integrated strong hybrid” account in which elements of both pretence and echo are seen as complementary in a unified mechanism. I argue that the allegedly mutually exclusive elements of pretence and echo are in fact complementary aspects enriching a core-structure as follows: by pretending to have a perspective/thought F, an ironic speaker U echoes a perspective/thought G. F is merely pretended, perhaps caricaturised or exaggerated, while G is real/possible.
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Alotaibi, Yasir. "A New Analysis of Verbal Irony." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 5 (July 6, 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.5p.154.
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This article contributes a new analysis of verbal irony to the literature. It presents the main analyses of verbal irony – and the main criticisms of these analyses – found in both older and modern literatures as part of its attempt to build a new account for verbal irony. Thus, this paper discusses traditional, echoic and pretense accounts of irony and the limitations of these analyses. In traditional account, verbal irony is analyzed as a type of a trope or a figurative, in which the speaker communicates the opposite of the literal meaning (see Utsumi (2000)). In echoic analysis, verbal irony is assumed to be an echoic interpretation of an attributed utterance or thought (see Wilson and Sperber (1992)). As for pretense account of verbal irony, it views the ironist as pretending to be an injudicious speaker talking to an uninitiated hearer (see Clark and Gerrig (1984)). The three analyses of verbal irony attract some criticism in the literature (see Kreuz and Glucksberg (1989) and Utsumi (2000)). This paper argues for a new analysis, suggesting that there are multiple types of verbal irony that should be examined under more than one analytical approach based on their meanings. This paper suggests that ironic verbal expressions that communicate the opposite of their literal meaning should be analyzed as a type of metaphor with two oppositional subjects in which the ironist pretends to believe that they resemble one another.
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Litovskaya, Anna S., and Alla M. Shesterina. "Means of expressing subtext in humorous programs on Russian television." Neophilology, no. 3 (2022): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2022-8-3-621-633.
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Subtext plays a significant role in the development of culture in general and mass communication in particular. In connection with the trend of information visualization, it has recently become relevant to identify the means of creating implicit meanings in audiovisual media. Along with this, we note the active development of subtext in the satirical sector of broadcasting. The purpose of our study is to identify verbal and non-verbal ways of expressing subtext in the entertainment sector of Russian television. On the material of the television episodes analysis “Evening Urgant”, based on the textological method and the method of content analysis, the techniques are specified that allow the presenter to broadcast to the audience implicit meanings that not only create a comic effect, but also broadcast relevant, socially significant content. The study found that among the most frequent verbal ways of expressing subtext in the analyzed TV show, polysemy of words, indirect naming, ironic word usage, appeal to precedent texts are used. Among the non-verbal ways of expressing implicit meanings, facial expressions and gestures are most often used, as well as a discrepancy between the verbal and visual range. On the whole, we prove that verbal and non-verbal means of subtext formation, as a rule, complement each other.
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Neshkovska, Silvana, and Zorica Trajkova. "Verbal Irony as a Communicative Mode of Persuasion." International Journal of Applied Language Studies and Culture 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34301/alsc.v1i1.5.
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The general pervasiveness of politics in modern society renders political discourse susceptible to analysis by many different profiles of researchers, especially linguists.
This particular paper attempts to shed light on the usage of verbal irony in political discourse. The premise we put forward here is that politicians in their political speeches purposefully employ irony in order to enhance the persuasiveness of their speech. Moreover, we believe that the enhancement of persuasiveness is in a direct correlation with the pragmatic functions of verbal irony. To put it differently, 'seasoning' political speeches with ironic statements which evoke either humor; or express mild ridicule, or harsh criticism at the expense of the political opponent, is what makes them truly persuasive.
The corpus compiled for the purposes of this research comprises political speeches delivered by American politicians in the course of the 2016 U.S. presidential race.
The results obtained primarily confirm the relatively high incidence of verbal irony in political speeches; then, they also point to the relatively high degree of persuasion attached to irony in general and its association mainly with expressing mild ridicule and harsh criticism.
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Walewangko, Stief Aristo. "KONFLIK DAN IRONI YANG DIALAMI TOKOH YUSUF DALAM KISAH INJIL MATIUS 1:18 – 25." Jurnal KANSASI (Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia) 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpbs.v6i2.1389.
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The purpose of this research is to describe the conflict and irony that Yusuf faces in the Gospel of Matthew 1:18–25. This study utilizes a qualitative descriptive method that includes data collection techniques such as literature reviews and data analysis procedures such as reading, identifying, recording, connecting, and interpreting data. The source of this research is the story of Matthew 1:18 – 25. The result of this research shows that the conflict in Matthew 1:18 – 25 is an internal conflict which is the struggle of Joseph, facing the truth that his fiancée, Maria, were pregnant before they live as a husband and wife. Furthermore, there are three kinds of irony in Matthew 1:18 – 25, such as: verbal irony, dramatic irony and situational irony. Verbal irony shows in two ways: (1) Joseph takes Maria as his wife, but does not have sexual intercourse with her; (2) Joseph, a just man and unwilling to put Maria into shame, resolved to divorce her quietly. Dramatic irony describes when Joseph finds that Maria is pregnant before they’re getting married, and plans to divorce her, whereas she is not having child with another guy. Situational Irony takes place when Joseph resolves to divorce Maria, but in the end, he takes her as his wife precisely.
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Santana, Katiuscia Cristina. "O ato de fala descortês irônico na rede social digital Facebook." SOLETRAS, no. 39 (January 8, 2020): 50–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/soletras.2020.47003.
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As manifestações de cortesia e de descortesia têm sido estudadas tanto no âmbito da conversação face a face quanto na conversação virtual. No entanto, percebe-se ainda uma lacuna nos estudos no que diz respeito à descortesia, sobretudo no mundo virtual. Nota-se a ausência de um estudo dos elementos verbais e dos não-verbais nas interações on-line que a desencadeiam. Os exemplos transcritos neste trabalho, provenientes da rede social Facebook, reproduzem a escrita original do emissor e do receptor. Como critério de escolha do corpus, buscou-se exemplos de descortesia provenientes do uso da ironia em um grupo da rede social Facebook e, com base nos exemplos, percebeu-se a necessidade de discutir o Princípio de Cortesia e das Estratégias Gerais da Cortesia de Leech (1983; 2014). A Pragmática fornecerá o suporte teórico para este artigo, já que ela considera a linguagem como uma ação e como produto de uma intenção dentro de um contexto sociocultural e situacional específico. Para compreender a dinâmica de uma conversação virtual, encontramos amparo teórico na Teoria dos Atos de Fala, de Austin (1990 [1969]) e de Searle (2002 [1979]). Por meio da análise de alguns exemplos, observa-se que o uso da ironia na interação é um fator crucial para manifestações descorteses na interação.
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N. Prokhorova, Olga, Ekaterina F. Bekh, Olga V. Dekhnich, Ekaterina V. Seredina, and Natalia V. Fisunova. "APPROACHES OF INFORMAL AND CASUAL COMMUNICATION IN POLITICAL CARTOONS." Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío 34, S2 (June 14, 2022): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol34ns2.877.
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The current study tries to investigate approaches to communication, including dysphemism and euphemisms in political cartoons. Free expression of public opinion and personal, political cartoon humor and got an essential part of the information and data arena. That makes the political cartoons genre more related and remarkable than before. This given cartoon comprises visual and verbal components, making the selection of communication means in the text particularly challenging. That defines the problem of our survey. The paper has investigated political cartoons published in the USA media. Making use of the content analysis method, we chose 174 dysphemisms and euphemisms, split into lexical-semantic classifications. As a consequence, euphemisms are utilized more commonly in political cartoon than dysphemisms, which stemmed from the genre specificity; hence, the ironic impact is attained by the contrast between the visual and verbal components.
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Malsbary, Gerald. "Hythlodaeus’ 464-Word “Marathon Sentence”: How Does It Work?" Moreana 51 (Number 195-, no. 1-2 (June 2014): 152–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2014.51.1-2.12.
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The close study of Thomas More’s Latin in one of his longer sentences near the end of Utopia I reveals a very carefully orchestrated series of verbal structures that appear to have a “chiastic” or “ring-composition” structure. In this article, the very long sentence, in which Hythloday proposes the model of the Achorians to a hypothetical council of the King of France (CW 4, 86/31–90/22), is schematically outlined to show More’s artistry in his use of verbal moods. A translation is provided opposite to explicate in English the particular interpretation being proposed for this sentence, some subtleties of which have not hitherto been satisfactorily translated into English. The argument is detailed in a series of long end-notes. The ironic inter-play between ideal and reality in this sentence (and a following one) is preparatory of Utopia II.
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Połowniak-Wawrzonek, Dorota. "Związki frazeologiczne i skrzydlate słowa wywodzące się z filmów w reżyserii Stanisława Barei (na wybranych przykładach)." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 28, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2021.28.2.20.
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In contemporary Polish, there are phrases and winged words that come from films, TV series, songs, the language of politics, advertising, popular TV and radio programmes. Among the well-established expressions from the film and TV series, there are permanent verbal connections derived from the films by S. Bareja. Fixed verbal connections stand out among them: Słuszną linię ma nasza władza, Jak jest zima, to musi być zimno, Narodziła się nowa świecka tradycja, Ile jest cukru w cukrze, Nie wiem, nie znam się, nie orientuję się, zarobiony jestem. These idioms, winged words appear in both canonical and modified form. The usual modifications change or replace parts of the original phrases. Innovation strengthens the invariant. Fixed verbal connections of this type are usually ironic and comic. They often fulfill a ludic or phatic function – their appearance is the sender’s communicative signal addressed to the recipient participating in the same culture which is being created today not only by literature, music, painting and other works of art, but also by films, TV series, television and radio programs and so on.
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Figueiredo, Maria Flávia, and Ticiano Jardim Pimenta. "“O tolo fala. O sábio escuta”: ironia e provérbios em prol da persuasão." Fórum Linguístico 18, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 6063–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2021.e74380.
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Em sua gênese, a Retórica era utilizada como ferramenta analítica para o estudo das especificidades persuasivo-argumentativas dos discursos públicos (especialmente no âmbito político e judicial). Com a evolução dos meios comunicacionais, esse campo do conhecimento expandiu seus limites de análise para discursos que extrapolam a expressão verbal. Neste artigo, buscamos demonstrar como a Retórica pode ser utilizada para investigar um discurso proveniente de uma prática comum de nossos dias: a postagem e o consumo de vídeos em sites de compartilhamento. Assim, com base em um vídeo extraído do YouTube, analisamos como um orador pode persuadir seu auditório por meio do humor. Quanto à metodologia, uma análise qualitativa, que se fundamenta em pressupostos retóricos, paremiológicos e linguístico-discursivos, será empregada. Perscrutaremos, com mais ênfase, as estratégias retórico-discursivas utilizadas pelo orador, notadamente a figura da ironia e o deslindamento de enunciados proverbiais, e ponderaremos acerca do alcance retórico-argumentativo de tais estratégias.
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Zhuravska, Oksana. "Symbolic nature, cultural codes and media functionality of “The Russian warship” meme. (Part two)." Synopsis: Text Context Media 28, no. 4 (2022): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2022.4.5.
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The purpose of the research is to analyze the symbolism, cultural codes of miscellaneous modifications of one of the most widespread Ukrainian memes in 2022 — the Russian warship meme, its role in the creation and development of the latest media discourses; it also specifies the tendencies concerning the meme use in mass media publications. The subject of the study is “the Russian warship” meme and a group of its modifications spread in the media environment after January 24, 2022. It is stated that the media area of the meme’s functioning is extremely wide, it is not only spread verbally but also visually, represented by a range of media and mass media genres: from posts on social networks from the state public officers to individual media projects and media branding. A peculiarity of this meme is also the fact that it crosses the borders of a nationally-oriented media environment by the rules of news-related genres as topical and socially important information. Another peculiarity of the meme’s circulation is the fact that its verbal core is an obscene expression, the use of which is exceptionally limited according to the standards of numerous lingual cultures. Thanks to the methods of narrative analysis, generalization and interpretation the author of the article determines the meme’s role in the formation of new kinds of discourse of heroics and immortality, which are important in the conditions of hybrid war and information confrontation. As a result of our research, we explain that the meme becomes a symbol of brave and desperate resistance to unjustified military aggression, a violation of the world order established after World War II. Studying an ironic philological media discourse of the Russian warship meme exhibits its transgressive nature on one hand, i. e. the function of prohibitions overcoming during critical extremal situations and on the other hand, demonstrates the significance of the meme for national self-identification processes. The article specifies the tendencies for change in meme’s media functionality, which lies in the gradual down-toning of the obscene categorical nature of a verbal structure through its substitution with ellipsed options, metaphoric euphemisms, allusive expressions, etc. The novelty lies in the study of the functionality of the meme in various media discourses, in particular professional journalistic, heroic mythological, ironic philological, etc. Further study of the meme at different stages of its media lifecycle can be perspective. The article is presented in two parts. This issue deal with the linguacultural code of this meme.
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Zhuravska, Oksana. "Symbolic nature, cultural codes and media functionality of “The Russian warship” meme. Part one." Synopsis: Text Context Media 28, no. 3 (2022): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2022.3.9.
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The purpose of the research is to analyze the symbolism, cultural codes of miscellaneous modifications of one of the most widespread Ukrainian memes in 2022 — the Russian warship meme, its role in the creation and development of the latest media discourses; it also specifies the tendencies concerning the meme use in mass media publications. The subject of the study is “the Russian warship” meme and a group of its modifications spread in the media environment after January 24, 2022. It is stated that the media area of the meme’s functioning is extremely wide, it is not only spread verbally but also visually, represented by a range of media and mass media genres: from posts on social networks from the state public officers to individual media projects and media branding. A peculiarity of this meme is also the fact that it crosses the borders of a nationally-oriented media environment by the rules of news-related genres as topical and socially important information. Another peculiarity of the meme’s circulation is the fact that its verbal core is an obscene expression, the use of which is exceptionally limited according to the standards of numerous lingual cultures. Thanks to the methods of narrative analysis, generalization and interpretation the author of the article determines the meme’s role in the formation of new kinds of discourse of heroics and immortality, which are important in the conditions of hybrid war and information confrontation. As a result of our research, we explain that the meme becomes a symbol of brave and desperate resistance to unjustified military aggression, a violation of the world order established after World War II. Studying an ironic philological media discourse of the Russian warship meme exhibits its transgressive nature on one hand, i. e. the function of prohibitions overcoming during critical extremal situations and on the other hand, demonstrates the significance of the meme for national self-identification processes. The article specifies the tendencies for change in meme’s media functionality, which lies in the gradual down-toning of the obscene categorical nature of a verbal structure through its substitution with ellipsed options, metaphoric euphemisms, allusive expressions, etc. The novelty lies in the study of the functionality of the meme in various media discourses, in particular professional journalistic, heroic mythological, ironic philological, etc. Further study of the meme at different stages of its media lifecycle can be perspective. The article is presented in two parts. This issue deal with the nature and discourse of this meme.
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Gucman, Magda. "The Role of Individual Differences and Situational Factors in Perception of Verbal Irony." Psychology of Language and Communication 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plc-2016-0016.
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Abstract A study was conducted to analyze the influence of situational and individual factors on verbal irony perception. Participants (N = 144) rated smartness, criticality, humorousness, and offensiveness of ironic utterances and their literal equivalents. The utterances were put in various contexts, differing in terms of the structure of the interlocutors’ social ranks and the responsibility of the addressee for the described event. Additionally, participants’ state and trait of anxiety were measured using the Polish adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Wrześniewski, Sosnowski, Jaworowska, & Fecenec, 2011) and their social competences were measured with the Social Competences Questionnaire (Matczak, 2007). Analyses showed that the structure of the interlocutors’ social ranks, the addressee’s responsibility, as well as the state and trait of anxiety can influence the perception of irony, although it does not always concern all of the variables rated herein. No link between social competences and irony perception was found.
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Zhao, Hong. "A relevance-theoretic approach to verbal irony: A case study of ironic utterances in Pride and Prejudice." Journal of Pragmatics 43, no. 1 (January 2011): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.07.028.
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Белова, Мария Александровна. "THE IMPACT OF A LINGUACULTURAL SITUATION ON THE VERBALISATIONS OF THE CO N CEPT “ATHEISM” IN RUSSIAN IRONIC CREOLISED TEXTS." Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev, no. 2(111) (July 7, 2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2021.111.2.003.
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Статья посвящена анализу вербальных и невербальных средств актуализации лингвокультурной ситуации в антиклерикальных и антиатеистических иронических креолизованных текстах на примере концепта «Атеизм». Материал рассматривается в рамках лингвокультурологии, выделяются культурные смыслы реализаций заданного концепта, переданные единицами языка, в их взаимодействии с невербальными знаковыми системами. Актуальность такой работы, с одной стороны, обусловлена отсутствием всестороннего анализа концепта «Атеизм» в русской языковой картине мира, особенно иронической. С другой стороны, направление исследования не противоречит тенденции рассмотрения религиозных концептов в религиозном и нерелигиозном дискурсах. В работе представлены три лингвокультурные ситуации и проиллюстрирована их роль в реализации концепта. Для иллюстрации ситуативного влияния было отобрано 17 текстов по сходству структур, интенции, тематики и наличию искомого концепта. Каждый проанализированный пример сопровождается культурологическим и историческим комментарием выделенных лингвистических и иконических деталей, а также анализом структуры, типа связи негомогенных кодов и лингвистических особенностей. Диахроническая природа изучения одного культурно-тематического поля способствует более глубокому пониманию особенностей лингвокультуремы, ее самобытности. В заключении статьи содержится утверждение, что все три лингвокультурные ситуации оказали влияние на репрезентацию концепта, но не изменили общих принципов построения креолизованных иронических текстов. The present study aims to characterise the verbal and non-verbal means of actualization of a linguacultural situation in anticlerical and antiatheistic ironic creolized texts as exemplified by the concept “atheism”. The material of the study is considered within the framework of linguocultureology, the cultural meanings of the implementations of a given concept, transferred by units of the language, in their interaction with non-verbal semiotic systems.The urgency of such a work lies, on the one hand, in the absence of complete linguacultural analysis of the concept “atheism”, especially in the ironic view, and on the other hand, the focus area of the of the study does not contradict the trend of consideration of religious concepts in religious and non-religious discourses. The paper presents three linguacultural situations and makes obvious their role in the concept realisation. To illustrate the situational influence, 17 texts were selected for the similarity of structures, intentions, themes and the presence of a desired concept. Each text under analysis is accompanied by a historical and cultural comment to the identified linguistic and iconic details, as well as the analysis of the structure, type of communication of non-homogeneous codes and linguistic features. The diachromic nature of the study of one cultural and thematic field contributes to a deeper understanding of the features of the linguocultureme, its identity. The article concludes by stating that all the three linguacultural situations affected the representation of the concept, but did not change the general principles for the construction of the creolised ironic texts.
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Hoyle, Eric, and Mike Wallace. "Two Faces of Organizational Irony: Endemic and Pragmatic." Organization Studies 29, no. 11 (November 2008): 1427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840607096383.
Full textAbstract:
This paper puts forward a perspective on organizational irony framed in terms of two reciprocal faces, as a contribution to the developing interest in irony as a tool for organizational analysis. Endemic irony explores theoretical approaches implying that irony is a characteristic of all organizations, extended by contingent manifestations in contemporary organizations. Pragmatic irony conceptualizes how organization members engage in ironic strategies and deploy verbal irony as modes of coping — with both endemic discrepancies between intention and outcome, and contingent contradictions generated through major change efforts. This perspective is offered as a heuristic for exploring organizations whose members are inherently confronted by irony. First, those philosophical, literary and organization theory approaches to irony are reviewed which relate most closely to organizational irony. Second, the endemic nature of organizational irony is elaborated. Third, distinctive manifestations of irony in contemporary organizations that extend endemic irony are discussed. Fourth, instances of pragmatic irony in contemporary organizations, conceived as the reciprocal of endemic irony, are explored. Finally, the value of an ironic perspective as a means of understanding organizations is asserted and suggestions offered for future theory-building and research.
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Weissman, Benjamin, and Darren Tanner. "A strong wink between verbal and emoji-based irony: How the brain processes ironic emojis during language comprehension." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): e0201727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201727.
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