To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Iron.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Iron'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Iron.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Cue´nod, Aure´lie. "Rethinking the bronze-iron transition in Iran : copper and iron metallurgy before the Achaemenid Period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b4a5d9c-55dc-4569-88c4-0814bc50c6d2.
Full textAbstract:
Iran, a country rich in mineral resources, has a long history of metal working. Copper objects first appeared in the 7th millennium BC and in the following millennia, copper became the material of choice for the production of many objects. Artefacts of iron began to appear in the mid 2nd millennium BC and by the mid 1st, iron had replaced bronze for most uses, but the reasons for this change remain unclear. This thesis seeks to examine the transition from bronze to iron metallurgy from a new angle. By looking at changes in copper-based metallurgy between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, it attempts to better understand the context in which iron metallurgy developed. To that end, the results of previously published chemical analyses of over 5000 copper-based objects from Iran and neighbouring regions and the lead isotope analyses of about 380 objects were assembled in a database. The tin, arsenic, nickel, antimony and silver concentrations in particular are studied. The data is divided into 16 metal groups based on the absence or presence of the latter four elements. The study of the main groups allows us to describe interesting new patterns of metal movement and recycling. It appears that before the end of the Bronze Age, a number of copper sources and/or trade routes from both east and west declined, leading to a reliance on more local sources for copper and tin in the Iron Age. The practice of recycling from the 3rd millennium BC onward is also evidenced. Overall, it seems that iron appeared within a thriving bronze industry, with a good access to metal resources and a developed understanding of the possibilities offered by copper (alloying, recycling, mixing…). Was it then the more ‘permanent’ nature of iron that attracted the ancient metal-workers and led to its advent?
2
Nuttall, Robert Horan. "Aqueous hydrogen sulphide corrosion of iron, iron/chromium and iron/nickel alloys." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358471.
Full text
3
Bramhagen, Ann-Cathrine. "Iron nutrition during early childhood factors influencing iron status and iron intake /." Malmö : Lund University, 2006. http://theses.lub.lu.se/scripta-archive/2006/04/13/med_1297/bramhagen_kappa.pdf.
Full text
4
Myhrman, Carl. "An Iron Lady for an Iron Throne." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-23005.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur kvinnlighet framställs för att konstruera feministikonen Daenerys Targaryen i TV-serien Game of Thrones. För att uppnå mitt syfte har jag analyserat Daenerys karaktär samt personer hon interagerar med i serien. Jag har använt mig av en semiotisk bildanalys. Min teorianknytning utgörs huvudsakligen av feministisk medieforskning samt feministiska åskådningar. Materialet för min studie utgörs av fem scener från serien. Resultaten visar att framställningen av Daenerys karaktär blir en konstruktion av kvinnan med speciella band med naturen som för en kamp mot en mansdominerad kultur.
5
Chua-anusorn, Wanida. "Iron oxide deposits in iron overload diseases." Thesis, Chua-anusorn, Wanida (1997) Iron oxide deposits in iron overload diseases. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1997. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52151/.
Full textAbstract:
Iron overload diseases such as thalassaemia are a major public health problem in many parts of the world. Excess iron deposited in such tissues occurs in the form of ultrafine particles of iron oxyhydroxide. At low levels of iron loading, the iron(III) oxyhydroxide particles are mostly found in the iron storage protein, ferritin. At higher levels of loading, iron(III) oxyhydroxide particles are found in insoluble aggregates known as haemosiderin. Three different structures of these iron deposits are known: (i) ferrihydrite (5Fe203.9H20), (ii) poorly crystalline goethite (α-FeOOH), and (iii) non-crystalline hydrated iron(III) oxyhydroxide.
In this thesis, Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the form of iron oxyhydroxide present in the tissues of thalassaemic patients who had undergone regular blood transfusion and chelation therapy as well as those receiving little, if any, such treatment. The data show a higher fraction of non-haem iron occurs as the goethite-like form in patients undergoing regular transfusion and chelation treatment. The poorly crystalline goethite form was not found in normal human tissues.
To define further some of the factors involved in the deposition of these different iron oxides, an iron-loaded rat system was established. Two routes of administration were chosen. The first involved regular administration of red blood cells injected intraperitoneally for up to one year. The second involved the oral administration of carbonyl-iron as a dietary supplement for nearly two years. Mössbauer spectra of livers and spleens at 78 K consisted of a relatively intense central doublet with spectral parameters indicative of paramagnetic or superparamagnetic high-spin iron(III). Many spectra obtained from parenterally iron-loaded spleens and dietary iron-loaded livers also showed a clear sextet at 78 K, which is indicative of the presence of the goethite-like form of iron oxyhydroxide. The relative intensity of this sextet spectral component in the livers from the dietary iron-loaded rats increased significantly with the age of rats. In order to distinguish iron present in the parenchymal versus non-parenchymal cells in the livers, an indirect quantitative assessment of the iron concentration was performed from liver histological sections using computer-assisted morphometric analysis. The goethite-like form increased significantly as the fraction of iron in non-parenchymal cells increased (r = 0.71, p < 0.005), suggesting that its formation may be associated with the nonparenchymal cells.
The ultrastructure of the iron oxide deposits and associated organic components was studied using a combination of scanning probe microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Liver samples with ferrihydrite or goethite-like haemosiderin were studied as well as aggregated ferritin in the form of ferritin crystals, ferrihydrite-like form of haemosiderin shows topographies of iron aggregation similar to In contrast, liver with goethite-like form of Liver tissue with the that found in the ferritin crystals, haemosiderin showed a different topography.
Haemosiderin was isolated from a selection of tissues. Crude haemosiderin from patients who had undergone regular blood transfusion and chelation therapy showed a high fraction of goethite-like form of iron oxyhydroxide with a wide range of particle size. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the iron oxyhydroxide in haemosiderins is associated with organic components. The availability of the different forms of iron oxyhydroxide present in different haemosiderins was assessed using the iron chelator desferrioxamine. The percentage of iron released showed a negative correlation (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) with the percentage of goethite-like iron oxyhydroxide present in these haemosiderins.
In summary, these studies indicate that the chemical forms of iron oxyhydroxide deposits are related to their deposition, toxicity and relative ease of removal. The study has implications for the clinical management of different groups of thalassaemic patients.
6
Pappas, Adlerburg Nickolas T. "To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144383.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked.
7
Pappas, Adlreburg Nickolas. "To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145694.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked.
8
Al-Othman, Abdulaziz Mohammad. "Iron intake and iron deficiency in young children." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26072.
Full textAbstract:
These studies have sought to assess iron intake in young children (9-36 months), to identify nutritional and other factors that may affect iron intake and iron status. A 4-day weighted food inventory, a semi-quantitative food frequency and social questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used. Haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum ferritin (SF), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and haematocrit (Hct) were estimated in blood. <I>Studies in Saudi Arabia</I>: 104 healthy children randomly chosen from eight different health centres have been studied either longitudinally (n=55) or cross sectionally (n=49). Twenty four previously diagnosed iron deficient children from three hospitals were studied. <I>Studies in Edinburgh</I>: 62 healthy children aged 9 and 36 months old were studied. They were those whose parents agreed to participate from a larger number chosen randomly from children registered at three health centres in Edinburgh using the Lothian Health Board list. <I>Prevalence of Anaemia in Children at The Royal Hospital for Sick Children (RHSC) and Diet</I>: The prevalence of anaemia over a 2 months period in children whose blood samples were analysed in the Haematology Dept. was calculated. In 59 children whose parents completed a semi-quantitative food frequency and social questionnaire, of those, the iron intake and iron status was studied in detail, 41 with Hb below 11 g/dl, and 18 with normal Hb. Iron intakes less than both the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) and the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI) have been shown to be common in children studied. Breakfast cereals and meat in addition to infant formula are important dietary factors which positively influence iron intake and iron status in this age group who are vulnerable to iron deficiency anaemia. These foods should be strongly recommended to parents for inclusion in the post-weaning diet of children of this age. A food frequency questionnaire can be used to identify children at risk.
9
Bergquist, Bridget A. 1973. "The marine geochemistry of iron and iron isotopes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53550.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This thesis addressed questions about the Fe cycle by measuring detailed profiles and transects of Fe species in the ocean and also by exploring the use of a new tracer of Fe, Fe isotopic fractionation. In the subtropical and tropical Atlantic Ocean, transects and profiles are presented for dissolved Fe ([less than]0.4 m), soluble Fe ([less than]0.02 gm), and colloidal Fe (0.02 to 0.4 Im). Surface dissolved Fe distributions reflect atmospheric deposition trends with colloidal Fe following dust deposition more strongly than the soluble fraction of Fe. Observed surface maxima and shallow minima in dissolved Fe were always due to variations in the colloidal Fe fraction. Deep-water dissolved and colloidal Fe concentrations vary with water mass source, age, and transport path. Elevated dissolved Fe concentrations ([greather than]1 nmol/kg) were associated with an oxygen minimum zone in the tropical Atlantic at 100N, 45 degrees W. Fractionation of iron isotopes could be an effective tool to investigate the geochemistry of iron. Trace metal clean plankton tows, river samples, aerosol leachates, and porewater samples were measured for their iron isotopic composition using a GV Instruments IsoProbe Multi-collector ICPMS. The Fe isotopic composition of plankton tow samples varied by over 4%o (in 56Fe/54Fe). North Pacific plankton tow samples had isotopically lighter Fe isotopic compositions than samples from the Atlantic. The overall isotopic range observed in the Amazon River system was 1.5%o, with variability observed for different types of tributaries.<br>(cont.) The main channel river dissolved Fe samples and suspended loads were isotopically similar ( -0.2 to -0.45%o relative to igneous rocks). The isotopically heaviest sample collected was dissolved Fe from an organic rich tributary, the Negro River (+0.16%o). In contrast, the suspended load from the Negro River was isotopically light (-1%o). The isotopically lightest sample from the Amazon region was shelf porewater (-1.4%o). In river water-seawater mixing experiments, the Fe isotopic signal of dissolved Fe of river water was modified by flocculation of isotopically heavy Fe. The observed range in the Fe isotopic composition of the natural samples including biological and aqueous samples demonstrates that significant and useful fractionation is associated with Fe biogeochemistry in the environment ...<br>by Bridget A. Bergquist.<br>Ph.D.
10
Long, Christopher Allen. "Kinetics and morphological study of interdiffusion in iron-carbon/iron-vanadium or iron-molybdenum couples /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148759680782343.
Full text
11
Fit, Magdalena Katarzyna. "Iron uptake systems and iron regulation in Clostridium difficile." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595313.
Full textAbstract:
Clostridium difficile, a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-former is the major cause of antibiotic associated diarrhoea and is also associated with more severe, sometimes life threatening disease. To date little research has been carried out on iron uptake mechanisms and their regulation in C. difficile. In common with other pathogens, iron is likely to be an essential growth factor necessary for the survival of the organism. Conversely, an over-abundance of iron might be toxic, therefore uptake is likely to be strictly regulated. Analysis of available genome sequences reveals the presence of several potential iron uptake systems and regulators. This study investigated for the first time the role of the ferrous iron uptake systems FeoBl, FeoB2, FeoB3 and the ferric uptake regulator Fur, iron dependent global gene regulator in C. difficile. The ClosTron mutagenesis system has been used to generate knockout mutants in the three annotated feoB homologues and in the single fur homologue in C. difficile 630. The fur mutants exhibited clear growth phenotype and were hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Cytotoxicity assays revealed decreased levels of toxins TcdA and B in the fur mutants. The fur mutants demonstrated different phenotypes in sporulation and in swarming, were more susceptible to metronidazole and showed increased cellular iron content. RNA-Seq analysis investigated the fur regu lation in C. difficile and over 1600 genes were differentially expressed in the fur mutant Comparisons of the growth characteristics and cellular metal content suggest FeoBl but not FeoB2 and FeoB3 is involved in ferrous iron uptake. Levels of toxins TcdA and B were markedly reduced in the feoB1 mutant grown under iron limitation. In contrast, feoBl mutant was virulent in the hamster model of virulence. These findings highlight the role of Fur and FeoB systems in regulating key and diverse aspects of physiology and virulence of C. difficile.
12
Chirikure, Shadreck. "Iron production in Iron Age Zimbabwe : stagnation or innovation?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444570/.
Full textAbstract:
In conventional reconstructions of southern African archaeology, it has been assumed implicitly or explicitly that the production of iron was unchanging for close to 1500 years. This view was sustained despite the evidence for distinct methods of smelting that were encountered. Clearly, studies which explore the possibility of historical change in production need to be undertaken. This thesis addresses the issue of change by developing a long term perspective on iron production in Zimbabwe. The hypothesis that change is inherent to iron production was examined through ethnohistorical/ethnographic, archaeological and archaeometallurgical investigations. Initially, iron working among the historical Njanja, Karanga and Kalanga was considered. When compared, some important similarities and differences emerged. While the principles of the technology were identical, some modifications were apparent which were peculiar to each group in areas such as the scale of production, trade and the socio-spatial organisation of technology. Archaeological studies were conducted at Swart Village, Baranda, Nyanga and Wedza. The data obtained was supplemented with that archived in the Museum of Human Sciences in Harare. Again, there were some major outward discrepancies exhibited in aspects such as furnace types, symbolism and spatial location of production episodes. The remains from the production process were then studied in the laboratory using standard archaeometallurgical procedures. While the production process was similar for early and later sites, constrained by the underlying principles of the bloomery process, some changes took place over time. Slag from Swart Village was tapped while that from other sites was not. The 19th century Njanja improved their furnaces by using many tuyeres and bellows which increased their efficiency beyond any known archaeological case in Zimbabwe. When viewed diachronically, the continuities and changes detected in this study demonstrate that change was an integral part of the technological past. Therefore future studies of iron production will need to take this issue of change further by constructing local histories of iron working in areas where no research has been done to broaden our knowledge of the development of the process over time.
13
Wright, Jack Daniel. "Magnetism and superconductivity in iron pnictides and iron chalcogenides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c1f7563a-275f-415f-993e-98313b517296.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a study on several series of unconventional Fe-based superconductors; namely, derivatives of NaFeAs and LiFeAs, as well as molecular-intercalated FeSe. Primarily using muon spin rotation (SR), but also x-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetic susceptibility measurements, the nature of both magnetic and superconducting phases within these systems is studied. Particular attention is focussed on how these states compete or coexist with one another. The aforementioned experimental techniques are first used to explore the phase diagram of NaFe1xCoxAs. This phase diagram includes regions of long-range antiferromagnetism and short-range order, that both coexist with superconductivity. Magnetism is gradually destroyed, primarily through a diminishment of the size of the ordered moment, as superconductivity is enhanced by Co substitution. This interplay is explored in detail. By contrast, superconductivity in LiFeAs cannot be enhanced by transition metal substitution, suggesting that it is intrinsically optimally-doped. I investigate this conclusion by studying the evolution of the penetration depth in superconducting compositions of LiFe1xCoxAs and LiFe1xNixAs, and comparing these data to those from other electron-doped systems. I also study an unusual and emergent magnetic phase in Li1yFe1+yAs. This work suggests that LiFeAs supports a superconducting phase that resembles those in other Fe-pnictides, but is uniquely close to an additional magnetic instability. I then move on to the study of a recently discovered series, based on FeSe intercalated with ammonia and various metals. I study both the penetration depth and the intrinsic magnetic phases in these systems using SR and compare them with other compounds based on FeSe. I find that these intercalated systems support spacially separated regions of dynamic magnetism and superconductivity and I discuss how much these phases depend on the precise chemical details of the intercalated layer. Finally, I return to the experimental study of NaFe1xCoxAs, extending the range of techniques employed by using high-field magnetometry and high-pressure SR. These studies reveal new features of this system that were not accessible using low-field and ambient-pressure methods. In particular, I show that the magnetic moment size in NaFeAs unexpectedly increases with pressure, suggesting that the electronic structure of this compound may be unique amongst known Fe-based superconductors.
14
Jackson, Roy. "Oxidation and morphology of iron and iron alloy droplets." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1987. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19863/.
Full textAbstract:
The oxidation characteristics of iron droplets and a range of binary iron alloy droplets have been investigated at 1600°C. The droplets were generated by a novel technique of melting the iron or iron-alloy, in the form of wire, in a levitation coil. The droplets were held for several minutes in hydrogen prior to releasing them into a mass transfer column separated from the levitation chamber by a thin plastic film. The oxidised droplets were quenched. The oxidising or reducing characteristics of various quenching media were investigated and silicone oil was selected as the quenchant. Pure iron and a range of iron-manganese, iron-chromium and iron-silicon alloys were investigated. Whereas the iron-manganese system showed increasing oxygen pick-up with increasing manganese content, the iron-chromium and iron-silicon systems showed an inversion in oxidation behaviour after an initial increase in oxidation rate. The oxidation characteristics of these systems have been related to the surface morphology of the droplets as revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and to SIMS analysis of the thin surface oxide films, and mechanisms are proposed for each system. A mathematical model has been developed which simulates the mass transfer of oxygen by forced convection to an accelerating molten iron droplet. The model generates an almost linear oxidation rate for iron, for the period of flight of the droplet and is in good agreement with the experimental work when the model is compensated for circulation within the droplet. The model predicts that temperature has a minimal effect on oxidation rate whereas droplet size is of major importance. Both of these effects were confirmed by the experimental studies. The roles of the alloying elements in relation to the characteristics of oxide films reduced in hydrogen at 1150°C have also been considered. Reduction mechanisms are postulated to account for the morphology of the reduced droplets and the final oxygen levels in the droplets.
15
Wang, Da-yung. "Simultaneous chrominizing-aluminizing of iron and iron-base alloys /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487325740721186.
Full text
16
Hamilton, Jasmine La Juanie. "Innovative polymeric iron chelators with iron binding affinity and biocompatibility for the treatment of transfusional iron overload." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52624.
Full textAbstract:
Desferrioxamine (Desferal®, DFO), deferiprone (Ferriprox®, L1) and desferasirox (Exjade®, ICL-670) are clinically approved iron chelators used to treat transfusion associated iron overload, a common condition in patients with severe hemoglobin disorders like β-thalassemia, sickle-cell disease and the myelodysplastic syndromes. The poor pharmacokinetics and inefficacy of iron chelators necessitate administration of almost maximum tolerated doses to achieve adequate iron removal. This causes toxicity ranging from neurological dysfunction in DFO users, agranulocytosis and neutropenia in L1 users, and severe kidney toxicity in ICL-670 treated patients. This also hinders the use of iron chelators during gestation. Thus, developing iron chelators with improved long-term efficacy and reduced toxicity is essential.
All currently approved iron chelators are of low molecular weight (MW) (< 600 Da) and the objectives reported for the “ideal” chelator of low MW is yet to be realized in practice. However, the limited attempts towards developing higher MW, long circulating iron chelators has shown tremendous promise. This thesis assesses the role of a new polymer, hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) in improving the properties of iron chelators.
High MW iron chelators were developed by conjugating DFO to HPG of various MWs, forming a library of HPG-DFO conjugates. Iron binding affinity of HPG-DFO was investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry, UV-visible spectroscopy and studying iron removal from ferritin. Biocompatibility and toxicity were investigated using coagulation assays in human blood and cell culture.
Since iron chelator toxicity during development remains an under-explored area, the second goal of this thesis was to expand knowledge of chelator toxicity during development. The toxicity of FDA-approved and HPG-DFO in developing embryos was investigated using zebrafish.
Studies indicate that HPG-DFOs are biocompatible, efficient chelators, capable of binding ferritin iron and preventing harmful redox reactions. Moreover, combining a low MW iron chelator with HPG-DFO enhances chelation. In vivo chemical screening indicated that while low MW chelators L1 and ICL-670 may interact with zebrafish embryos and cause toxicity, DFO and HPG-DFO did not have this effect. Results indicate that HPG-DFO is a new class of efficient, biocompatible iron chelator, potentially useful for development into clinical agents for the prevention of transfusion associated iron overload.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of<br>Graduate
17
Vissers, Jennifer N. "Iron consumption knowledge for the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among college-aged women /." View online, 2007. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131494846.pdf.
Full text
18
Maddocks, Sarah Elizabeth. "Iron metabolism in bacteria : examination of the Feo system (Ferrous iron transporter) and Dps-iron storage proteins." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434313.
Full text
19
Ummadi, Madhavi. "Uptake, Absorption, and Adsorption Kinetics of Ferrous and Ferric Iron in Iron-replete and Iron-deficient Rats." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5409.
Full textAbstract:
Various concentrations of ferrous and ferric iron solutions were held at room temperature for 60 min before they were assayed for ferrous iron, which may be unstable due to oxidation. The ferrous and ferric solutions (in pH 2 HCl) were maintained as such for 60 min without the use of chelators. There was no significant oxidation of ferrous iron. Also, four different levels of each ferrous and ferric iron were injected into proximal duodenal loops of rat intestine and uptake was determined at four different time intervals. Two iron-replete rats were assigned to each of the treatments. The in situ experiments showed that iron was taken up rapidly from pH 2.0 solutions of ferrous and ferric iron. Maximum amount of iron was taken up in the first 10 min. Uptake of ferrous iron was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than uptake of ferric iron, and there were significant differences in total uptake among the four iron levels used.
Uptake, absorption, and adsorption kinetics of both ferrous and ferric iron were determined in situ for both iron-replete and iron-deficient rats. Deficiency caused greater uptake and absorption, confirming a biological adaptation of these processes. Both uptake and absorption were greater for ferrous than for ferric iron and were possibly taken up by different pathways or by a ferrous-ferric pathway with preference for ferrous. Uptake and absorption kinetics were biphasic for both ferrous and ferric iron. The first phase demonstrated saturation kinetics and was followed by a nonsaturable phase at higher concentrations of luminal iron. Iron deficiency altered the uptake and absorption kinetics of ferrous and ferric iron, but not always in a similar manner, suggesting that ferrous and ferric iron were each taken up by a separate pathway. Indications were that enhanced absorption during deficiency was largely due to adaptation of ferric uptake. Iron adsorption was directly proportional to luminal iron concentration, but it was greater for ferric than for ferrous, possibly due to charge interactions. Iron deficiency caused increased adsorption of both ferrous and ferric iron, supporting the notion that adsorption acts to maintain iron in a form available for uptake.
20
Smith, Graham Alan. "Systematic reviews regarding iron and iron supplementation in blood donors." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/systematic-reviews-regarding-iron-and-iron-supplementation-in-blood-donors(da3fb42d-07d1-404a-b5ff-baff940f8e70).html.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Blood donors are required to exceed a minimum haemoglobin level before they donate; those who fail are temporarily deferred from blood donation. In this way, donor health, and that of the recipient (patient), is assured and a drain on blood collection resource is avoided. Knowing what factors contribute to donors failing to reach these levels and whether provision of iron supplements decrease deferral rates would prove beneficial to blood collection agencies. Methods: Two systematic reviews of available literature were conducted after searching on-line databases. The first looked at observational studies of demographic data, donation history and haematological and biological factors that might be associated with deferral from blood donation. The second review studied only randomised controlled trials and was carried out using the protocols and facilities of the Cochrane Collaboration to assess the efficacy and safety of iron supplementation to reduce iron deficiency and/or anaemia. Results: Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for the first review, thirty studies were included in the second. Key findings are: 1. Females show a significantly greater risk (11-fold) of donor low haemoglobin deferral as compared to males. 2. Higher deferral rates were also associated with increasing age, higher ambient temperature, lower body mass, shorter donation interval or being of certain ethnicity. 3. Donor deferral is reduced by taking iron supplements but the evidence is moderate. 4. Those taking iron supplementation are subject to more frequent adverse events. Conclusions: These peer-reviewed and published works help define criteria that should be considered in large scale studies of donor deferral, especially any which attempt to address failure to meet low haemoglobin thresholds. Additionally, although donors may benefit from iron supplementation, the risk of side effects means it is unlikely to be a universal treatment. Together these reviews may help determine suitable donation intervals which decrease risk of donor iron-deficiency.
21
Georgaki, Irene. "Characterisation of iron-rich sludge for desensification and iron recycling." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411720.
Full text
22
Pritchard, Ruth. "Studies of Iron (II) and Iron (III) spin crossover compounds." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487772.
Full text
23
Carver, Aaron Dalnamath. "Selective Oxidations by Iron(III) Porphyrins and Iron(III) Corroles." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1395.
Full textAbstract:
The selective oxidation of organic compounds represents a leading technology for chemical industries. They are used in chemical synthesis in the pharmaceutical and petrochemicals industries, and possible the decontamination of harmful substances. However, oxidations reaction are among the most challenging processes to control. Many stoichiometric oxidants with heavy metals are expensive, or toxic maybe both, and therefore unfeasible to be utilized. The ideal processes for catalytic oxidation would use molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as the primary oxygen source, with transition metal catalysts to mimic the predominant oxidation catalysts in Nature, the cytochrome P450 enzymes. This study focuses on the synthesis of porphyrin and corrole macrocyclic ligands and the corresponding iron(III) complexes which are fully characterized by UV-vis, GC/MS, and NMR spectroscopies. In this work, the potential of catalytic oxidation reactions towards organic sulfides by these metal complexes were studied. The iron(III) porphyrin and iron(III) corrole catalysts have shown excellent activity and selectivity for sulfoxidation reactions. Various reaction conditions and environmental effects were investigated including solvent, axial ligands, water, amounts of oxygen source, and substrate scope. The optimal conditions were determined for iron(III) porphyrin/ corrole-catalyzed sulfoxidations with PhI(OAc)2 as the mild oxygen source. Competitive catalytic oxidation of substituted thioanisoles versus thioanisole by iron(III) corrole with PhI(OAc)2 were studied. The spectral studies of iron(III) corrole with PhI(OAc)2 in the presence of organic sulfide showed that a well-known diiron(IV)-μ-oxo biscorrole was formed with a second-order rate constant of k2= (3.5 ± 0.3)×103 M-1·s-1. A catalytic cycle was proposed on the basis of the mechanistic study, suggesting a highly reactive iron(V)-oxo corrole as the active oxidizing intermediate.
24
Hutchinson, Carol. "Iron absorption and serum non-transferrin bound iron in humans." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429314.
Full text
25
Murray, Eric. "Adsorbate-enhanced Corrosion Processes at Iron and Iron Oxide Surfaces." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279113/.
Full text
26
Feng, Zhiyao. "The Lattice Parameter of Gamma Iron and Iron-Chromium Alloys." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1429138602.
Full text
27
Parker, Ceth Woodward. "Microbial Iron Reduction In The Development of Iron Formation Caves." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1542892784053378.
Full text
28
Burns, Ronald R. ""Iron sharpens iron- :" an exegetical study of Proverbs 27:17 /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
29
Ainge, Judith Alison. "Walls of Iron: Nineteenth Century Prefabricated Iron Buildings in Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17209.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the relationship between nineteenth century prefabricated iron buildings and the unique conditions that facilitated their use in Australian colonies. Nineteenth century prefabricated iron buildings form a significant but largely unrecognised part of the Australian built environment, particularly in terms of their contribution to the progressive development of remote areas of the continent. Initially imported from Britain during the mid-nineteenth century and, later, fabricated from imported iron components in Australia colonies, prefabricated iron buildings reflect a particular period in architectural history, when the technological and scientific advances of the Victorian era coincided with a period of rapid change in the settlement patterns of the Australian colonies. Within the thesis, a system of classifying prefabricated iron buildings has developed and used as a classificatory schema to examine the diverse range of building types and the multiple driving factors associated with their use in the Australian colonies. The innovative qualities of iron building components and their use in prefabricated iron buildings form a remarkable and important part of the story of nineteenth century advances in building technologies. In the rapidly expanding colonies of Australia, prefabricated iron buildings, not only provided a solution to the chronic shortage of building infrastructure, but also ushered in a new and exciting form of architecture.
30
Tegel, Marcus Christian. "Iron pnictide superconductors." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-130194.
Full text
31
Forde, Cameron E. "Modeling biological iron." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0021/NQ27644.pdf.
Full text
32
Soe-Lin, Shan. "Macrophage iron recycling." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66717.
Full textAbstract:
In an absurd twist of nature, the physiological role of iron is paradoxical. Iron is the most abundant element found on Earth and yet is insoluble under physiological conditions. Furthermore, life is not possible without iron; iron is indispensible for life, as it is a vital co-factor for essential enzymes due to its unique redox abilities. And yet, high concentrations of iron lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species and are toxic. Consequently, living creatures have evolved ingenious strategies for acquiring and managing otherwise insoluble iron atoms, and for tightly regulating its levels within the organism. The majority of bodily iron in humans is contained within the red blood cell (RBC) mass, as a component of hemoglobin. RBCs become more damaged and less deformable as they age, and at the end of their 120 day lifespan, senescent RBCs are engulfed by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system of the liver and spleen. These specialized macrophages ingest 2 million RBCs/sec, catabolize the hemoglobin, and release the iron contained within to plasma transferrin for reincorporation into new RBCs within the bone marrow. It is remarkable how reticuloendothelial macrophages safely manage the enormous quantities of iron which would otherwise prove toxic to other cells. In my studies, I have examined the specific aspects of iron metabolism within these iron-handling macrophages. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) is a divalent metal transporter expressed only within the phagosomes of professional phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Nramp1 has since been found to be the gene responsible for conferring host resistance against intracellular pathogens. Mice deficient in Nramp1 have been found to be susceptible to infection with intracellular pathogens. Nramp1 is thought to confer protection by depleting the phagosome of divalent metals necessary for pathogen<br>La majorité du fer dans le corps humain est contenu dans la masse de globule rouge, en tant que composante de l'hémoglobine. Les GR deviennent plus endommagés et moins déformables en vieillissant, et à la fin de leurs durée de vie de 120 jours, les GR sénescents sont ingurgités par les macrophages du système réticuloendothélial du foie et de rate. Ces macrophages spécialisés ingèrent 2 millions de GR∕sec, catabolisent l'hémoglobine et relâche le fer qui y est contenu à la transferrine plasmatique pour permettre son réincorporation dans de nouveau GR dans la moelle épinière. C'est remarquable comment les macrophages réticuloendothéliaux gèrent de manière sécuritaire l'énorme quantité de fer qui serait sinon toxique pour les autres cellules. Dans mes recherches, j'ai examiné les aspects spécifiques du métabolisme du fer dans ces macrophages spécialisés dans sa manutention.La protéine associée à la résistance naturelle du macrophage (Nramp1) est un transporteur de métaux divalents exprimé seulement dans les phagosomes de cellules phagocytiques telle que les macrophages et les neutrophiles. Nramp1 a depuis été reconnu comme le gène responsable de conférer à l'hôte la résistance contre les pathogènes intracellulaires. Nramp 1 est présumé donner une protection en vidant le phagosome de métaux divalents nécessaires à la croissance de pathogènes.Au cours des recherches nous avons trouvé qu'en plus de jouer un rôle significatif dans la résistance de l'hôte, Nramp1 est aussi important pour la régularisation de l'homéostasie du fer. Nous avons remarqué que les macrophages sans Nramp1 sont incapables de recycler le fer (après l'erythrophagocytose in vitro) de manière aussi efficace que les macrophages qui ont le Nramp1 fonctionnel. On a ensuite observé les souris knockout et trouvé que les animaux sans Nramp1 ont une surdose progressive de fer en vieil
33
Holland, K. S. "Iron chiral auxiliaries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258372.
Full text
34
Mortimer, Robert J. G. "Biogeochemistry of iron." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262558.
Full text
35
Moridani, Majid Yousefi. "Hydroxpyridinone iron chelators." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243728.
Full text
36
Thompson, Anne Williford. "Iron and Prochlorococcus/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47886.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Iron availability and primary productivity in the oceans are intricately linked through photosynthesis. At the global scale we understand how iron addition induces phytoplankton blooms through meso-scale iron-addition experiments. At the atomic scale, we can describe the length and type of bonds that connect iron atoms to components of photosystem I, the most efficient light-harvesting complex in nature. Yet, we know little of how iron influences microbial diversity and distribution in the open ocean. In this study, we assess the influence of iron on the ecology of the numerically abundant marine cyanobacterium, Prochlorococcus. With its minimal genome and ubiquity in the global ocean, Prochlorococcus represents a model system in which to study the dynamics of the link between iron and primary productivity. To this end, we tested the iron physiology of two closely-related Prochlorococcus ecotypes. MED4 is adapted to high-light environments while MIT9313 lives best in low-light conditions. We determined that MIT9313 is capable of surviving at low iron concentrations that completely inhibit MED4. Furthermore, concentrations of Fe' that inhibit growth in culture are sufficient to support Prochlorococcus growth in the field, which raises questions about the species of iron available to Prochlorococcus. We then examined the molecular basis for the ability of MIT9313 to grow at lower iron concentrations than MED4 by assessing whole-genome transcription in response to changes in iron availability in the two ecotypes.<br>Genes that were differentially expressed fell into two categories: those that are shared by all (Prochlorococcus core genome) and those that are not (non-core genome). Only three genes shared between MED4 and MIT9313 were iron-responsive in both strains. We then tested the iron physiology of picocyanobacteria in the field and found that Synechococcus is iron-stressed in samples where Prochlorococcus is not. Finally, we propose a method to measure how iron stress in Prochlorococcus changes over natural gradients of iron in the oligotrophic ocean by quantifying transcription of the iron-stress induced gene, isiB. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that iron metabolism influences the ecology of Prochlorococcus both by contributing to its diversity and distinguishing it from other marine cyanobacteria.<br>by Anne Williford Thompson.<br>Ph.D.
37
Klymenko, D. "Iron in industry." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33562.
Full textAbstract:
Steel is the world’s most important material. Steel production requires iron, steel scrap and flux. Iron production requires: iron ore, coal and limestone, dolomite. The iron ore is smelted to produce an impure metal called “hot metal” when liquid, or “pig iron” when solid. The hot metal is refined to remove impurities and to develop the desired composition. The liquid steel is continuously cast into semi-finished products which are processed into the desired shapes by rolling or forging. Iron is one of the most used metals, accounting 95% of world steel production. After oxygen, silicon and aluminium, iron is the fourth most plentiful element in Earth’s crust.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33562
38
Danzeisen, Ruth. "Iron metabolism by BeWo cells : the role of copper and iron in the regulation of placental iron transfer." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364703.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, the regulation of placental Fe metabolism is investigated, using a placental choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo). Both copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) status are examined for a possible role in the process of placental Fe transfer. Firstly, the involvement of Cu in Fe release is tested. Ceruloplasmin (Cp), a plasma Cu carrier and ferroxidase, is implicated in Fe release from a variety of cell types, but does not stimulate Fe release from BeWo cells. Instead, evidence is presented for a membrane-associated ferroxidase with homology to Cp, expressed by BeWo cells. This placental protein has a peri-nuclear location, but does not co-localise with classical markers for organelles. Expression of the placental Cu oxidase is inversely regulated by Fe status, indicating a possible role in Fe metabolism. Further, it is regulated by cellular Cu status, with protein levels and enzyme activity decreasing in Cu deficiency. In an environment of limited oxygen supply, Cu deficient BeWo cells display a decrease in Fe release, providing additional support for a role of the placental Cu oxidase in Fe release. Secondly, the role of Cu in Fe uptake in investigated. Cu status does not affect Fe uptake through transferrin-receptor mediated endocytosis. However, a non-transferrin dependent pathway of Fe uptake is up-regulated in Cu deficiency. Cu and Fe compete for uptake by this pathway, indicating that it may be mediated by a non-specific transporter, such as DMT1. Finally, the effect of Fe deficiency on Fe transfer by BeWo cells was investigated. It is demonstrated that Fe uptake and Fe release both increase in Fe deficient cells.
39
Rennert, Thilo. "Sorption of iron cyanide complexes on iron oxides and in soils." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964937069.
Full text
40
Zetterström, Fernaeus Sandra. "Changed iron metabolism and iron toxicity in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Neurochemistry, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-661.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Reactions and interactions of iron and oxygen can be both beneficial and detrimental to cells and tissues. Iron is mainly found in our blood where it functions as a mediator in the transport of oxygen to the cells and is further vital for the cellular respiration reducing the oxygen to water. The flexible redox state of iron makes it ideal to contribute in single electron transfers, but may also catalyze reactions with oxygen resulting in cell damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Normally the cells are protected against iron toxicity by controlling iron uptake and storage. When the intracellular demand for iron increases; the iron uptake is promoted by increasing the expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) and by decreasing the expression of the iron storage protein ferritin. Ferritin has a central role in the cellular iron detoxification by keeping it in a non reactive but still bioavailable form. However, in neurodegenerative diseases like in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease the iron storage capacity is disturbed and iron induced oxidative stress adds to the pathology of the diseases. The role of iron and its possible contribution to the pathology of prion diseases, like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is less explored. In the first three studies of this thesis, the iron metabolism and the mutual relation between iron and oxygen are studied in scrapie-infected mouse neuroblastoma cells (ScN2a) as compared to control cells (N2a). In the fourth study we have analyzed the expression of ferritin and TfR in response to inflammation by treating the cells with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS promotes the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a producer of nitric oxide (NO), a well known regulator of the iron metabolism.</p><p>In the first study, the scrapie infection was found to reduce the iron levels, to reduce the mRNA and protein levels of ferritin and the TfR. In addition, reduced levels and activities of the iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 were observed as compared to the uninfected N2a cells.</p><p>In the second study, the addition of iron to the cell medium strongly increased the level of ROS and decreased the cell viability of the ScN2a cells, whereas the N2a cells were unaffected. The ferritin expression in N2a cells in response to the iron treatment was strongly increased and the concomitant measurement of the labile iron pool (LIP) revealed the LIP to be normalized within four hours. In the ScN2a cells the induction of ferritin expression was lower resulting in elevations in LIP that lasted up to 16 h, indicating that the increased ROS levels were iron catalyzed.</p><p>In the third study, the cells were challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) to elevate the oxidative stress and to analyze the effects on the LIP and cell viability. The ScN2a cells were sensitive to the increased oxidative stress according to the cell viability test, and responded to the treatment with marked increase in the LIP levels, probably derived from an intra-cellular source. The cell viability could be reset by the co-addition of an iron chelator to the cell media. The N2a cells did not elevate the LIP and resisted higher concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> than the ScN2a cells, according to the cell viability assay.</p><p>In the fourth study, the LPS treatment resulted in increased mRNA levels of the heavy chain of ferritin, increased the protein levels of ferritin light chain and decreased the protein levels of the TfR in N2a cells, but no effects were observed in the ScN2a cells. Co-treatment with LPS and the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine did not affect the LPS induced decrease of TfR in N2a cells, whereas the free radical scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine reversed the effect of LPS on TfR expression, indicating that the changes were mediated by an oxidative rather than a nitric oxide mechanism in the N2a cells.</p>
41
Zetterström, Fernaeus Sandra. "Changed iron metabolism and iron toxicity in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells /." Stockholm : Dept. of neurochemistry, Stockholm university, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-661.
Full text
42
Sarmento, Carlos V. 1980. "Assessment of new iron chelating agents for treatment of iron-overload." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116063.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with acquired iron overload require chelation therapy using either Desferal or Exjade. Iron in excess may promote free radical formation in the Fenton reaction resulting in severe injuries of heart, liver and endocrine organs. Che1ators that bind ferric iron (Fe+3) in a 1:1 complex (Desferal) sequester it more efficiently than those che1ators that form 2:1 (Exjade) complexes. We initiated synthesis of new chelators derived from the tridentate chelator pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) and its analogs. The aim of the synthesis was to generate chelators that bind iron in a 1:1 complex, which was confirmed for 8LK02, 10LK02, 11LK02 and 15LK03 by spectrophotometry. All novel chelators mobilized iron more efficiently compared to Desferal and Exjade from murine reticulocytes and human myeloid leukemia cells (K562). Additionally, aforementioned four chelators were also more efficient than PIH and were found to be less or equally toxic as Desferal and Exjade.
43
Hawthorne, Krista Leigh. "Iron-Ligand Electrokinetics towards an all-Iron Hybrid Redox Flow Battery." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1405002859.
Full text
44
Lin, Lan. "Sensing iron mechanism of iron-dependent regulation of hepcidin by hemojuvelin /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459902911&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
45
Cavicchioli, Karu Kolesnikow. "Issues of Iron and Ice: Norse Iron Use in Medieval Greenland." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23746.
Full textAbstract:
From approximately 985CE, two Norse settlements were founded on the South and South-Western coasts of Greenland. Roughly 500 years later, the final recorded Norse voyage to Greenland marked the end of their contact with the outside world and by around 1500CE, both settlements were devoid of any living Norsemen. Numerous theories regarding the ultimate fate of the settlers have been put forward, with most modern prevailing theories describing issues driven by worsening climate, failing economic and farming prospects and dwindling populations. While resource shortages resulting from diminishing trade with other Nordic areas have been identified as possible contributing factors, little research has been done specifically on their impact on the Norse Greenlanders. This thesis seeks to begin reframing the story of the Norse settlements in Greenland through the lens of iron resource shortages. This issue was investigated through comparative studies of Greenlandic, Norwegian and Icelandic Norse iron tools. The iron items were analysed using two forms of shape analysis (SHAPE v.1.3 and MorphoJ) and comparative dimension and weight analysis. In addition, information on other Norse uses of iron was gathered from archaeological and historical sources. The findings provided evidence for wide-ranging adaptive practices undertaken by the Norse Greenlanders. This implies that the Norse understood the severity of their worsening situation and implemented measures to mitigate the shortage of iron. Ultimately, the Norse appear to have realised that remaining in Greenland would eventually result in a shortage of iron severe enough to render their ways of life unviable and limit their ability to leave Greenland, leading to a decision to abandon their settlements and seek out more liveable locations to colonise.
46
Ho, Ho-chuen Federick. "Ferrous metal balance of Hong Kong : consumption, waste generation, recycling and disposal /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18734893.
Full text
47
NAOE, TOMOKI, HISAO HAYASHI, HIDEAKI MAEDA, HARUHIKO OHASHI, AKIHIRO TOMITA, and HIROSHI SAITO. "DETERMINATION OF FERRITIN AND HEMOSIDERIN IRON IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL IRON STORES AND IRON OVERLOAD BY SERUM FERRITIN KINETICS." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16021.
Full text
48
Shiono, Yuhta, Hisao Hayashi, Shinnya Wakusawa, Fujiko Sanae, Toshikuni Takikawa, Motoyoshi Yano, Kenntaro Yoshioka, and Hiros Saito. "Body iron stores and Iron restoration rate in Japanese patients with chronic Hepatitis C as measured during therapeutic Iron removal revealed neither Increased body iron stores nor effects of C282y and H63d mutations on iron indices." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5367.
Full text
49
Tye, Jesse Wayne. "Explorations of iron-iron hydrogenase active site models by experiment and theory." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1014.
Full text
50
Wright, L. S. "'Iron on iron': Modernism engaging apartheid in some South African Railway Poems." Routledge, 2011. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/2208/1/Iron_on_Iron_for_ESiA.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Modernism tends to be criticised, internationally, as politically conservative. The objection is often valid, although the charge says little about the quality of artistic achievement involved. This article argues that the alliance between Modernism and political conservatism is by no means a necessary one, and that there are instances where modernist vision has been used to convey substantive political insight, effective social critique and solid resistance. To illustrate the contrast,the article juxtaposes the abstract Modernism associated with Ben Nicholson and World War 2, with a neglected strain of South African railway poetry which uses modernist techniques to effect a powerful critique of South Africa’s apartheid
dispensation. The article sustains a distinction between universalising modernist art that requires ethical work from its audiences to achieve artistic completion, and art in which modernist vision performs the requisite ethical work within its own formal constraints. Four very different South African railway poems, by Dennis Brutus, John Hendrickse, Alan Paton, and Leonard Koza, are examined
and contextualised to demonstrate ways in which a modernist vision has been used to portray the social disruptions caused by apartheid. Modernist techniques are used to turn railway experience into a metonym for massive social disruption,without betraying the social reality of the transport technology involved.