Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iron slag – Environmental aspects

Academic literature on the topic 'Iron slag – Environmental aspects'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Iron slag – Environmental aspects"

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Spirin, N. A., A. A. Polinov`, A. V. Pavlov, O. P. Onorin, and G. N. Logachev. "Environmental and Technological Aspects of Converter Slag Utilization in Sintering and Blast-Furnace Production." KnE Materials Science 2, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i2.941.

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The paper presents calculation results for predictive conditions of blast furnace operation with the use of converter slag in the iron ore portion of the blast furnace burden. It shows that addition of converter slag in the sinter and blast-furnace burden without correction of the operating conditions is not reasonable as it significantly worsens parameters of blast furnace operation. Long-term operation of blast furnaces with addition of converter slag in the burden will be accompanied by gradual accumulation of phosphorus in metal and will lead to increasing problems regarding phosphorus removal at the converter production stage. The use of converter slag makes it possible to increase the consumption of non-fluxed pellets without changing the sinter basicity and improve parameters of blast-furnace smelting. The problem of efficient and continuous use of converter slag in blast furnaces can be solved by the complex analysis of this problem: evaluation of economic feasibility of its use as a fluxing agent; feasibility study of this issue for the “blast-furnace production – converter production” complex; analysis of environmental problems during operation at the factory and in the region.
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Farisov, R. D., M. A. Ioffe, and V. N. Kozlovskiy. "IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF CAST IRON QUALITY MANAGEMENT." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24, no. 3 (2022): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2022-24-3-69-75.

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Based on the problem-solving methodology, which is a detailed version of Deming's Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) improvement cycle, an innovative production facility for the remelting of fine metal-containing waste using an efficient, resource-saving technology has been created. In the developed furnace for electroslagremelting with graphite electrodes, the loss of metal for waste was 2%. The technology of electroslagremelting is distinguished by the presence of a layer of highly superheated slag, which protects the melt from oxidation. At the same time, significant savings in raw materials, energy and labor resources have been achieved. At the same time, a significant increase in resource-saving and environmental indicators of the quality of cast iron is ensured, while maintaining the functional indicators of castings at a given level.
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Kang, Le, Hui Ling Du, Hao Zhang, and Wan Li Ma. "Systematic Research on the Application of Steel Slag Resources under the Background of Big Data." Complexity 2018 (October 8, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6703908.

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The large-scale and resourceful utilization of solid waste is one of the important ways of sustainable development. The big data brings hope for further development in all walks of life, because huge amounts of data insist on the principle of “turning waste into treasure”. The steel big data has been taken as the research object in this paper. Firstly, a big data collection and storage system has been set up based on the Hadoop platform. Secondly, the steel slag prediction model based on the convolution neural network (CNN) is established. The material data of steelmaking, the operation data of steelmaking process, and the data of steel slag composition are put into the model from the Hadoop platform, and the prediction of the slag composition is further realized. Then, the alternatives for resource recovery are obtained according to the predicted composition of the steel slag. And considering the three aspects of economic feasibility, resource suitability, and environmental acceptance, the comprehensive evaluation system based on AHP is established to realize the recommendation of the optimal resource approach. Finally, taking a steel plant in Hebei as an example, the alternatives according to the prediction of the composition of steel slag are blast furnace iron-making, recycling waste steel, and cement admixture. The comprehensive evaluation values of the three resources are 0.48, 0.57, and 0.76, respectively, and the optimized resource of the steel slag produced by the steel plant is used as the cement admixture.
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Solouki, Abbas, Giovanni Viscomi, Riccardo Lamperti, and Piergiorgio Tataranni. "Quarry Waste as Precursors in Geopolymers for Civil Engineering Applications: A Decade in Review." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143146.

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Carbon footprint reduction of paving materials could be explored through recycling mining by-products into different applications, which will preserve natural resources and decrease environmental issues. One possible approach is to reuse quarry dust and mining ore waste as precursors in geopolymer applications. geopolymers are mineral polymers rich in aluminosilicates with an amorphous to a semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure. The current review aims to summarize the studies conducted during the past decade on geopolymers containing quarry dust and mine tailings. The first section discusses various precursors used for geopolymer cement production such as metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, and quarry/mining ore wastes including silt, tungsten, vanadium, copper, gold, zinc, marble, iron, basalt, and lithium. Different calcination treatments and curing conditions have been summarized. In some cases, the precursors are required to be calcined to increase their reactivity. Both ambient temperature and elevated temperature curing conditions have been summarized. Less attention has been paid to room temperature curing, which is necessary for field and industrial implementations. Engineering properties such as compressive strength, density, durability and acid resistance, water absorption and abrasion of geopolymers containing mining waste were reviewed. One of the main barriers preventing the widespread use of waste powders, in addition to economic aspects, in geopolymers could be due to their unstable chemical structure. This was shown through extensive leachate of Na+ or K+ cations in geopolymer structures. The review of over 100 articles indicated the need for further research on different aspects of quarry waste geopolymer productions before its full industrial implementation.
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Ivezić, Vladimir, Vladimir Zebec, Brigita Popović, Meri Engler, Tihana Teklić, Zdenko Lončarić, and Krunoslav Karalić. "Potential of Industrial By-Products as Liming Materials and Digestate as Organic Fertilizer and Their Effect on Soil Properties and Yield of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 4, 2021): 11016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911016.

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Acid soils with pH values below 5.5 have a negative effect on agricultural production. For this reason, liming is applied as a measure to raise the soil pH to the optimum (pH = 6–7). The aim of our research was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of four liming materials (wood ash from biomass powerplant, filter dust from cement factory, blast furnace slag from iron factory, and carbocalk (limestone, a by-product from a sugar factory)) in combination with and without solid digestate (a by-product from biogas plant) as organic fertilizer. Two field trials were set up to determine the effect of the studied materials to neutralize the acidity, and the impact on soil fertility and nutrient status in the soil. The results showed that all four liming materials raised the pH of the soil. Out of these four, wood ash showed to be the best while blast furnace slag was the worst. The yield of alfalfa increased with the application of all four lime materials. Application of liming materials with solid digestate increased soil organic matter and had slightly higher yields compared to liming materials without solid digestate. The highest yields were achieved with the application of wood ash, probably due to somewhat higher concentrations of potassium and phosphorus in wood ash. Further research on the financial aspects of investigated by-products application is necessary to exploit their potential as a liming material.
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Piatak, Nadine M., Michael B. Parsons, and Robert R. Seal. "Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review." Applied Geochemistry 57 (June 2015): 236–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.04.009.

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Vasilenko, T. A., and A. A. Koltun. "Chemical Aspects of the Obtaining of Iron-Containing Coagulant-Flocculant from Electric Steel Melting Slag for Wastewater Treatment." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.403.

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The possibility of producing iron and silicon-coagulant-flocculant for purification of waste water was shown. The electric steel melting slag JSC "OMK-Steel" has been used as the starting material, in which the content of iron oxide to 25.8% and silicon dioxide is 17.6%. The optimal parameters of slag hydrochloric opening were as follows: the modification time at T = 40 °C – 1 hour, the concentration of hydrochloric acid – 1.5 N, the ratio of the solid and liquid phases of S : L = 1 : 10. In these settings the concentration of hydrosilicic acid (for silicon) will be 1532 mg/l; the concentration of iron – 1250 mg/l has a lower concentration of silicic acid in the production of the solution with increasing temperature and time of exposure. This paper examined the chemical aspects of the process of obtaining the new iron-containing coagulant-flocculant based on electric furnace slag. The results can be used to produce coagulants and flocculants using industrial waste.
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Xiang, Junyi, Qingyun Huang, Wei Lv, Guishang Pei, Xuewei Lv, and Songli Liu. "Mineralogical characterisation and magnetic separation of vanadium-bearing converter slag." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 11 (September 10, 2018): 1083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18796201.

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The recycling of metallic iron is commonly the first step to fully use the converter slag, which is the biggest waste discharge in the steelmaking process. This study presents a proposed improved process of separating metallic iron from vanadium-bearing converter slag more efficiently. The mineralogical and morphological characteristics of the converter slag were first investigated, and the results showed that most of the iron was incorporated in the spinel and olivine. Grinding, sieving and magnetic separation were combined to recover metallic iron from the converter slag, and yielded approximately 41.5% of iron in which the iron content was as high as 85%, and the non-magnetic concentrate contains 8.56% vanadium with a yield of 95.3% and 8.63% titanium with a yield of 85.3%. The magnetic part can be used as the raw materials in the steel making process, whereas the non-magnetic part can be used as the raw materials for the further extraction of vanadium.
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Mir, Khalid Bashir. "Effect of Polypropylene Fiber, GGBS and Fly Ash over the Strength Aspects of Concrete: A Critical Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35098.

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In this review study the usage of three different kinds of constructional materials was discussed in detail. The three materials comprised of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, fly and polypropylene fiber. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is basically the slag derived after the quenching process of iron slag produced during the processing of iron in iron industry. Fly ash is the waste generated from the coal processing industries and is mainly used in the road constructions works. Polypropylene fiber is a synthetic fiber that has very high tensile strength and flexural strength. This fiber is also known as synthetic fiber as it is mainly used in the synthetic industry. Depending upon the results of previous studies over the usage of these materials various conclusions has been drawn which are as follows. The results of studies related to the usage of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as partial replacement of cement concluded that the most optimum usage percentage of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as partial replacement of cement was found to be between 20 percent and 30 percent and beyond this limit the strength of concrete was decreasing. The past studies related to the usage of fly ash as partial replacement of cement shoed that the most optimum usage percentage of fly ash was found to be between 15 percent to 20 percent and beyond this percentage the strength parameters of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength starts declining up to a greater extent. The studies related to the usage of polypropylene fiber showed that the usage of this fiber increases the compressive strength of soil and the most optimum results were found between 1.0 percent to 1.5 percent usages of polypropylene fiber. Above this percentage there will be negative effect on the strength aspects and the compressive strength starts declining.
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Gabasiane, Tlotlo Solomon, Gwiranai Danha, Tirivaviri A. Mamvura, Tebogo Mashifana, and Godfrey Dzinomwa. "Environmental and Socioeconomic Impact of Copper Slag—A Review." Crystals 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121504.

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Copper slag is generated when copper and nickel ores are recovered from their parent ores using a pyrometallurgical process, and these ores usually contain other elements which include iron, cobalt, silica, and alumina. Slag is a major problem in the metallurgical industries as it is dumped into heaps which have accumulated into millions of tons over the years. Moreover, they pose a danger to the environment as they occupy vacant land (space problems). Over the past few years, studies have been conducted to investigate the copper slag-producing outlets to learn their behavior, as well as properties of slag, to have the knowledge of how to better reuse and recycle copper slag. This review article provides the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of slag, as well as a characterization of copper slag, with the aim of reusing and recycling the slag to benefit the environment and economy. Recycling methods are considered an attractive technological pathway for reducing waste and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as promoting the concept of circular economy through the utilization of waste. These metal elements have value depending on their characteristics; hence, copper slag is considered as a secondary source of valuable metals. Some of the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes to consider are physical separation, magnetic separation, flotation, leaching, and direct reduction roasting of iron (DRI). Some of the possible metals that can be recovered from the copper slag include Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, and Ag (precious metals).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iron slag – Environmental aspects"

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Zeng, Fengzhencheng. "Phosphorus Retention and Regeneration of EAF Steel Slag and a Synthetic Iron Oxyhydroxide." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1512067344406673.

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Meskhidze, Nicholas. "Iron mobilization in mineral dust and the possible effect of Asian pollution on C-uptake in North Pacific Ocean." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180333/unrestricted/meskhidze%5fnicholas%5f200312%5fphd.pdf.

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Chychko, Andrei. "Energy and environmental optimization of some aspects of EAF practice with novel process solutions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialens processvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-24486.

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The objective of the present thesis is to optimize the electric arc furnace (EAF) practice from an environmental view point. Two aspects that meet the requirements of the secondary steelmaking industries today, viz. Mo alloying with maximum retainment of the alloying element in molten steel and optimization of foaming by carbonate addition with a view to optimize the energy need of the process. Both these aspects would also have a significant impact on the process economy. Iron molybdate (Fe2MoO4) has been synthesized from commercial grade materials and proposed as a new potential precursor for steel alloying with Mo. The thermal stabilities of different molybdates, viz. Fe2MoO4, CaMoO4 and MgMoO4, were studied using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). It was found that Fe2MoO4 is the most stable one and doesn’t evaporate in Ar atmosphere when heating up to 1573 K. The synthesis of Fe2MoO4 requires high temperature (1373 K) and long holding time (up to 16 hours). In a view of this, the possibilities for in-situ formation of Fe2MoO4 and CaMoO4 from their precursor mixtures were studied with the aid of high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TGA analysis. Laboratory and industrial trials on steel alloying with Mo were conducted using precursor mixtures as sources of Mo. It was found that the mixture, which contains FeOx, MoO3 and C (Fe2MoO4 precursor), can provide the Mo yield up to 98 % at both the laboratory as well as industrial trials. The Mo yields even in the case of C+MoO3 and C+MoO3+CaO mixtures were around 93 % in these trials. The higher yield for the MoO3+C+FeOx mixture was attributed to the stabilization of Mo in the precursor (marked by the decrease in the Gibbs energy of Mo) and the readiness to dissolve in the steel bath. The heat effect of the slag foaming with carbonates addition was studied at 1623 and 1673 K with the aid of thermal analysis technique with a new crucible design. Experiments were conducted by adding limestone and dolomite pieces of defined shapes (together with iron sinkers) in molten slag and monitoring the temperature changes accompanying the decomposition of carbonates. It was found that the decomposition energies for dolomite and limestone for the studied slag composition are in the range 56-79 % of theoretical values, which is linked to the energy saving effect of slag foaming. No influence of sample shape on decomposition energy was found both for limestone and dolomite. The kinetics of slag foaming by limestone particles was studied at 1773 K with the aid of X-ray imaging system. A model was proposed to describe the decrease in foam height with time on the basis of CaO shell formation during decomposition reaction. The energy impact of limestone and raw dolomite addition was examined in a 100-ton EAF. It was found that, in the case of addition of carbonates after the scrap is completely molten; the endothermic heat effects for limestone and dolomite (2255 and 2264 kJ/kg respectively) were only 70 % from theoretical values. This is indicative of the resistance to heat transfer due to increased foaming.
QC 20100914
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Swarna, Anitha. "Removal of Arsenic Using Iron Coated Limestone." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1342.

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Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a severe problem worldwide. The best way to prevent hazardous diseases from chronic arsenic exposure is to remove the exposure. Efforts to remediate arsenic in drinking water have taken two tracks. One is to provide surface or shallow well water sources as an alternative to the arsenic contaminated deep wells. Another approach is to remove arsenic from the contaminated water. Different removal technologies like oxidation, chemical coagulation, precipitation, adsorption and others are available. There are problems and benefits associated with each of these approaches that can be related to cultural, socio-economic and engineering influences. The method proposed in this research is adsorption of arsenic to iron coated limestone. Different iron coated limestone samples were prepared. Standard solutions of 100ppb arsenic were prepared and batch and kinetic experiments were conducted. The final solution concentrations were analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (GFAAs) and the results showed that iron coated limestone removed arsenic below 10ppb with 5 grams of material. Variations in iron coverage impacted efficiency of arsenic removal.
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Petersen, Morgan L. "Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli from Surface Soils is Influenced by Variation in Cell Envelope, Iron Metabolism, and Attachment Factor Genes." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28869.

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Biofilm formation may increase survival and persistence of Escherichia coli in the highly variable conditions of soil environments, though it remains unknown the extent variation in biofilm formation affects survival. We asked what genetic traits influence biofilm formation in phylogroup D E. coli isolates from surface soils, and are they associated with the soil environment? Biofilm density was analyzed and compared with soil environment characteristics. Isolates produced more biofilm per unit growth at 15°C than 37°C. Biofilm formation was greater in soil isolates than fecal isolates and in soils with moisture and higher calcium and pH levels. A GWAS analysis found variants involved in cell envelope formation and structure were associated with biofilm formed at 37°C, and stress response and iron acquisition variants were associated with biofilm formed at 15°C. Motility variants were associated with a negative effect on biofilm formed and adhesion variants associated with a positive effect.
National Science Foundation (NSF) award no. DEB-1453397 to P.W.B.
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Zhai, Guiming, and 翟桂明. "Nanoparticle transport in porous medium and nanosized zero-valent iron(nZVI) for environmental remediation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44907199.

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Nengovhela, Nkhangweleni Ryneth. "Kinetics of the chemical and biological iron (II) oxydation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30337.

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Wei, Caijie, and 魏才倢. "Calcium-based coating on the surface of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for improvement of its stability and transport in environmental remediation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197497.

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Zero valent iron (ZVI) has demonstrated its reactivity and effectiveness for in-situ groundwater and soil remediation. The potential of the high reducing activity of nanoscale ZVI (nZVI) for environmental decontamination has attracted more attentions in recent years, as nZVI may be injected with water to the pollution sites for in-situ remediation. However, rapid oxidation and instant agglomeration of nZVI make it difficult for large-scale engineering application. Effort has been made to improve the stability and mobility of nZVI for effective in-situ remediation. In the present study, a novel Ca-based surface coating method has been developed for protection of nZVI and enhancement of its transport in environmental applications. A simple thermal deposition method was employed to coat a Ca-based layer on the surface of micro- or nano- ZVI particles in water or methanol environment. According to microscopic observations, Ca(OH)2 nano-layer was formed on the ZVI surface. A clear core-shell structure was observed for the coated nZVI/Ca(OH)2 particles based on the TEM observations. The Ca(OH)2 coating layer had a thickness about one fifth of the nZVI diameter and the Ca to Fe ratio was below 0.2. With the Ca(OH)2 shell, nZVI particles can be effectively protected against corrosion according to the standard natural spray corrosion tests. Thus, the Ca(OH)2 coating layer is able to greatly improve the stability of nZVI during storage, transportation and application. In addition, based on the result of the dissolution tests, the Ca(OH)2 shell could be readily dissolved in water with a low Ca content or a low ionic strength. After dissolution of the Ca(OH)2 shell, the reactivity of nZVI was found to be at the similar level as bare nZVI, which could remove Cr(VI) from water by more than 90% in about 20 min. The pseudo-first order rate constants for Cr(VI) reduction by bare nZVI and nZVI/ Ca(OH)2 after shell dissolution were 0.064 and 0.072 min-1, respectively. Moreover, the Ca(OH)2 coating shell would not only function as a protection layer but also improve the mobility of nZVI particles in in-situ applications. The aggregation and sedimentation of nZVI/Ca(OH)2 particles became considerably slower compared to bare nZVI without the coating. Clean-bed water filtration tests were conducted with sand and glass columns to evaluate the mobility and transport of nZVI in porous media. The results show that bare nZVI in the particle suspension deposited mostly at the top of the filters with little penetration. In comparison, the nZVI/Ca(OH)2 particles were able to penetrate through the filter media during the filtration process, and the dark iron particles could fill up the entire filter columns. The penetration rate increased from nearly 0 m/hr for bare nZVI to 0.43 m/hr for nZVI/Ca(OH)2 through the filter media. The Ca-based coating materials are known as of low cost and environmentally friendly. Thus, the new coating method developed in this study provides a cost-effective means for both the protection of nZVI and improvement of its transport and delivery in porous media for environmental decontamination.
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Villinski, John Eugene. "Reductive dissolution of manganese (IV) oxides and precipitation of iron (III) : implications for redox processes in an alluvial aquifer affected by acid mine drainage." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2001_96_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Shiu, Kwai-king Joe, and 蕭桂瓊. "A critical evaluation of concrete and steel frame buildings in Hong Kong with regard to waste minimization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013226.

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Books on the topic "Iron slag – Environmental aspects"

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Annamraju, Gopal. Air pollution impacts when quenching blast furnace slag with contaminated water. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Majewski, Michael S. Concentrations and distribution of slag-related trace elements and mercury in fine-grained beach and bed sediments in Lake Roosevelt, Washington, April-May 2001. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Majewski, Michael S. Concentrations and distribution of slag-related trace elements and mercury in fine-grained beach and bed sediments in Lake Roosevelt, Washington, April-May 2001. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Pugin, K. G. Snizhenie ėkologicheskoĭ nagruzki pri obrashchenii so shlakami chernoĭ metallurgii. Permʹ: Permskiĭ gos. tekhn. universitet, 2008.

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Ellefsen, Karl. Geophysical site characterization of the Midvale slag site, Midvale, Utah. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Jeffery, John. Iron and steel industry particulate emissions: Source category report. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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EWM (Seminar) (3rd 2000 Jamshedpur, India). Environmental & waste management in iron & steel industries. Edited by Bandopadhyay Amitava, Goswami N. G. 1957-, Rao Ramachandra P. 1942-, National Metallurgical Laboratory (India), Indian Institute of Metals. Jamshedpur Chapter., United Nations Development Proramme (India), and TCDC International Workshop (1999 : Jamshedpur, India). Jamshedpur: National Metallurgical Laboratory & Indian Institute of Metals, Jamshedpur Chapter, 1999.

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Mohanty, Brahmanand. Regulatory measures and technological changes in the cement, iron & steel, and pulp & paper industries. Bangkok, Thailand: School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, 1997.

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Sylvain, David C. Bath Iron Works Corporation, Bath, Maine. [Atlanta, Ga.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1996.

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S, Lewis John. Rain of iron and ice: The very real threat of comet and asteroid bombardment. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Iron slag – Environmental aspects"

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Awad, F., L. Kahl, and R. Kluge. "Environmental aspects of sewage sludge and evaluation of super absorbent hydrogel under Egyptian conditions." In Iron Nutrition in Soils and Plants, 91–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0503-3_13.

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Wang, George C. "Environmental aspects of slag utilization." In The Utilization of Slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction, 131–53. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100381-7.00007-0.

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Stupnik, Mykola, and Volodymyr Shatokha. "History and Current State of Mining in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Deposit." In Iron Ores [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96120.

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In 2021 one of the world’s largest iron ore deposit in Kryvyi Rih (Ukraine) celebrates 140 years of its exploitation history. During the whole period of its existence the deposit has played and continues to play an important role in the development of Ukraine’s economy, being the main basis of its iron and steel industry. More than 6 billion tons of marketable iron ore extracted during this period and some 20 billion tons of waste rock has been mined. The deposit constitutes 82% of Ukraine’s iron ore output making the country the 7th biggest producer and 5th biggest iron ore exporter with value of USD 4 billion in 2019. In this chapter the historic aspects of deposit’s development and current state of its exploration are analyzed, including processing techniques employed to produce high grade iron ore concentrate, sinter and pellets. Characteristics of iron ores’ mineralogical composition and the features of the deposit’s geological genesis are also presented. Special attention is paid to the ongoing and planned modernization and deployment of innovative technologies aimed to enhance the competitiveness and to reduce environmental footprint of exploration.
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Chandra Bhuyan, Satish, Subrat Kumar Bhuyan, and Himanshu Bhushan Sahu. "Performance Evaluation of Waste Materials for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage to Remove Heavy Metals and Sulfate." In Water Quality - Factors and Impacts. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99669.

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Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is the most severe environmental problem facing the mining sector in the current scenario because of low pH and high pollutants concentration. AMD contains a high amount of sulphate viz. pyrite, FeS2, and to a lesser extent pyrrhotite and heavy metal ions, contaminate both surface water and groundwater. To treat AMD, extensive research projects have been initiated by governments, the mining industry, universities, and research establishments. The environmental impact of AMD can be minimized at these basic levels; prevention should be taken to control the infiltration of groundwater to the pollution site and control the acid-generating process. There are some conventional active methods to treat AMD, such as compost reactor and packed bed iron-oxidation bioreactors; however, these methods have associated with costly material and high maintenance cost, which increases the cost of the entire treatment. In an alternative, the use of low-cost materials such as fly ash, metallurgical slag, zero-valent iron (ZVI), cement kiln dust (CKD), and organic waste such as peat humic agent (PHA), rice husk, and eggshell can be a valuable measure for economic viability to treat the metal-rich wastewater.
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Agrawal, Bipin Jagdishprasad. "Prospective Sustainability of Utilization of Effective Techniques for Remediation of Heavy Metals From Textile Effluents." In Research Anthology on Emerging Techniques in Environmental Remediation, 517–42. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3714-8.ch028.

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Textile industries are one of the prevalent water consumers and contaminators ensuing high generation of waste water. Wastewater from dyeing and printing units is often rich in organic compounds, colours, and heavy metals containing residues of various dyes and chemicals. Among these waste water pollutants, heavy metals are of serious environmental concern in recent years. Metals are extensively used for manufacture of synthetic dyestuffs and for colouration of natural dyes on textiles to achieve different shades and hues. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), etc. are widely used for production of colour pigments of textile dyes. These heavy metals, highly toxic, get conveyed to the environment, and can bio-accumulate in the human body, aquatic life, natural water-bodies, and also possibly become trapped in the soil. The chapter deals with the utilization of heavy metals in textile wet processing, their important characteristics, various toxic aspects, and different methods for their elimination from the textile effluent liquors.
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Habashi, Fathi. "Extractive Metallurgy of Aluminum." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000413.

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Aluminum comprises 8% of the earth’s crust and is the most abundant structural metal. Its production has surpassed that of copper and approaches that of iron. This article is a review of all aspects of the production of aluminum including: the raw materials from which it derived, production of aluminum from bauxite, electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide, purification and refining, and environmental aspects of production processes.
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Tereso, João Pedro, Sérgio Simões Pereira, Filipe Santos, Luís Seabra, and Filipe Vaz. "Cultivos de Época Romana no Baixo Sabor: continuidade em tempos de mudança?" In Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão - Textos, 1207–20. Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses e CITCEM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-8970-25-1/arqa87.

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During the excavation of eight roman sites in the Lower Sabor valley, sediment samples were recovered and carpological analyses were carried out in order to obtain data regarding agriculture and storage. Naked wheat was the most frequent crop during the Roman period, but barley and millet were also relevant. The presence of grapes is documented while pulses and other wild edible plants were scarce. These results contrast with those found in other regions of Northwest Iberia, both in Roman Times and the Iron Age, where hulled wheats were particularly relevant. Current available data does not allow us to know the reason behind the specificities of the Sabor valley’s sites, although some environmental and cultural aspects may provide suitable explanations.
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Duraipandian, M., K. E. Poorani, H. Abirami, and M. B. Anusha. "Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp: A Strategic Crop for Nutritional Security, Well being and Environmental Protection." In Legumes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103025.

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Cowpea is the common legume crop plant widely cultivated in all over the world for human consumption and animal feed. The global biological name of cowpea is Vigna unguiculta (L.) Walp. The crop is cultivated globally in all warm-seasons, semiarid or specifically tropical regions by even poor farmers but originated from anciently to Africa. Cowpea able to grow in even variety of polluted soils and able to grow vigorously withstand in both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Morphologically herbaceous dicotyledonous plant, grow annually. The entire plant parts of Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp such as dry seeds, leaves, roots and pods consumed by all humans and animals Cowpea has rich in nutrition, vitamins and minerals so preferred by many farmers cultivated as intercrop with other cereals. In this review able to discuss the nutritional, medicinal as well as ecological significance. The seeds of cowpea have high content of proteins, fiber foods like carbohydrates, low cholesterol, minerals and vitamins. The nutrient value is higher and delay hungry sense in cowpea when compare to other cereals or pulses. The cowpea used for various medical aspects to lower cholesterol, promote body growth, iron source to increase blood cells, improve gall bladder function, maintain good circulatory system, increase insulin production, decrease body weight and do excellent antioxidant mechanism. The black eye pea also maintains good health to reduce both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Cowpea to form symbioses with variety of beneficial soil microorganisms to increase soil fertility, soil-root aeration, improve humidity and do fix atmospheric nitrogen to reduce global warming, climate change and also increase activity of biogeochemical cycle in the environment. In future people focus on to cultivate cowpea with to increase global production in all countries.
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Wells, Peter S. "The Visual Worlds of Early Europe." In How Ancient Europeans Saw the World. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691143385.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses the visual world of late prehistoric Europe. It first uses Teniers's painting of the interior of an inn at the beginning of the chapter in order to introduce the topic of light as an important issue in any consideration of seeing in times previous to the ready availability of electric light. It then describes changes in the landscape, in the character of settlements, houses, and in other aspects of the visual environment during the two millennia between the beginning of the Early Bronze Age and the end of the Iron Age. These changes were most often gradual. A number of significant trends are recognizable in the environmental evidence pertaining to changes in the landscape; and there is archaeological evidence pertaining to changes in tool use, the digging of ditches, the building of walls, and the construction of settlements and houses.
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Agrawal, Bipin Jagdishprasad. "Prospective Sustainability of Utilization of Effective Techniques for Remediation of Heavy Metals From Textile Effluents." In Biostimulation Remediation Technologies for Groundwater Contaminants, 19–49. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4162-2.ch002.

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Textile industries are one of the prevalent water consumers and contaminators ensuing high generation of waste water. Wastewater from dyeing and printing units is often rich in organic compounds, colours, and heavy metals containing residues of various dyes and chemicals. Among these waste water pollutants, heavy metals are of serious environmental concern in recent years. Metals are extensively used for manufacture of synthetic dyestuffs and for colouration of natural dyes on textiles to achieve different shades and hues. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), etc. are widely used for production of colour pigments of textile dyes. These heavy metals, highly toxic, get conveyed to the environment, and can bio-accumulate in the human body, aquatic life, natural water-bodies, and also possibly become trapped in the soil. The chapter deals with the utilization of heavy metals in textile wet processing, their important characteristics, various toxic aspects, and different methods for their elimination from the textile effluent liquors.
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Conference papers on the topic "Iron slag – Environmental aspects"

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Zhang, Li, Yao Ding, Ruan Chi, Jia Guo, and Fengli Peng. "Preparation of Lithium Iron Phosphate from High-Iron-Containing Desulphurization Slag." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.576.

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Yang, Yanhai, Chen Chen, and Ye Yang. "Study on Properties of SBS Modified Asphalt Mortar Blended with Nickel Iron Slag Fiber." In 2018 7th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-18.2018.140.

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Torkashvand, A. Mohammadi. "The possibility using converter slag; a by-product of steel factory, as an iron fertilizer." In 2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceea.2010.5596126.

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Schouwenaars, Rafael, and Rosa María Ramírez Zamora. "Microscopic Analysis of Iron and Steel Slag Used as a Source of Cationic Precipitation Agents in Water Treatment." In The Second International Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Protection. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008189102970300.

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Savchyk, A., and V. Stelmakh. "ECOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MORBIDITY OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA OF THE POPULATION OF THE BREST REGION FOR 2010-2017." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2020: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. Minsk, ICC of Minfin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2020-2-161-164.

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Quade, Ulrich. "Radiological Characterization of Steel Scrap Recycling by Melting." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1139.

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Abstract Recycling of slightly radioactively contaminated steel scrap from nuclear installations to waste containers, shieldings or any other components for the nuclear cycle is practice in Germany since the early 90ies. To qualify the process, characterization of the radiological inventories in metal, slag and filter dust as well as metallurgical analysis is necessary. Therefore samples from the melt, slag and filter dust are taken to be analyzed by gammaspectroscopy. Alpha and beta emitting radionuclide inventories are calculated based on the typical nuclide ratio of the nuclear facility where the scrap results from. Activity distribution factors for each radio element are empirical values based on the melting of about 10,000 t of steel scrap with various nuclide ratios. High decontamination of the metal can be achieved for uranium, thorium, plutonium, cesium and strontium, which allows free release of the metal in most cases. For Co60 — the main radionuclide in reactor scrap — the decontamination by melting is limited and in most cases the strong criteria for free release can not be yielded. Such metal can be used for manufacturing cast iron components like containers or shieldings. To manage the expected large amount of metallic waste resulting from the decommissioning of nuclear facilities recycling is well developed and accepted in Germany. By the high cost of intermediate and final storage of nuclear waste recycling is a very economical alternative (3, 4).
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Ene, Nicoleta Mariana, Carmen Răcănel, and Adrian Burlacu. "The study of moisture susceptibility for asphalt mixtures containing blast furnace slags." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1049.

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Nowadays, in the context of increasing traffic, extending road network, and environmental protection, an important target is to develop sustainable roads through the use of by-products derived from various manufacturing processes that can lead to the reduction of environmental degradation. Blast furnace slag is the resulting material during the casting processes of the iron. This is a non-metallic process that is obtained by melting the chemical compounds from the sterile, ash coxe, and the founders. As a result of global research, it has been found that an ecological asphalt mixture (with slags as aggregate) can be used as a pavement layer. However, there are inconveniences related to poor moisture susceptibility. In this context, this paper presents the study of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures with blast furnace slags starting from a basic recipe of AC 31.5 type with natural aggregate and replacing the natural aggregate with slag in different percentages. The paper presents the tests carried out on 15 asphalt mixture recipes with partial and total replacement of natural aggregates with slag artificial aggregates and compared to a classic recipe where 100% natural aggregates were used. The used tests were chosen to characterize the water-related behavior: water absorption and indirect tensile strength test. The results indicate that asphalt mixture with slag aggregates can be a valuable resource in designing asphalt mixtures and satisfactory performance has been achieved.
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Pukowiec-Kurda, Katarzyna, and Urszula Myga-Piatek. "Application of New Methods of Environment Analysis and Assessment in Landscape Audits – Case Studies of Urban Areas Like Czestochowa, Poland." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.116.

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Following the 2000 European Landscape Convention, a new act strengthening landscape protection instruments has been in force since 2015. It sets forth legal aspects of landscape shaping (Dziennik Ustaw 2015, poz. 774) and introduces landscape audits at the province level. A landscape audit consists in identification and characterization of selected landscapes, assessment of their value, selection of so-called priority landscapes and identification of threats for preservation of their value. An audit complies with GIS standards. Analyses use source materials, i.e. digital maps of physical-geographical mesoregions, current topographic maps of digital resources of cartographic databases, latest orthophotomaps and DTMs, maps of potential vegetation, geobotanic regionalization, historic-cultural regionalization and natural landscape types, documentation of historical and cultural values and related complementary resources. A special new methodology (Solon et al. 2014), developed for auditing, was tested in 2015 in an urban area (Myga-Piatek et al. 2015). Landscapes are characterized by determining their analytic (natural and cultural) and synthetic features, with particular focus on the stage of delimitation and identification of landscape units in urban areas. Czestochowa was selected as a case study due to its large natural (karst landscapes of the Czestochowa Upland, numerous forests, nature reserves) and cultural (Saint Mary’s Sanctuary, unique urban architecture) potential. Czestochowa is also a city of former iron ore and mineral resources exploitation, still active industry, dynamic urban sprawl within former farming areas, and dynamically growing tourism. Landscape delimitation and identification distinguished 75 landscape units basing on uniform landscape background (uniform cover and use of the land). Landscape assessment used a new assessment method for anthropogenic transformation of landscape – the indicator describing the correlation between the mean shape index (MSI) and the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) (Pukowiec-Kurda, Sobala 2016). Particular threats and planning suggestions, useful in development of urban areas, were presented for selected priority landscapes.
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Puig, Francesc, Javier Dies, Manuel Sevilla, Joan de Pablo, Juan Jose´ Pueyo, Lourdes Miralles, and Aurora Marti´nez-Esparza. "Selection and Evaluation of Inner Material Canididates for Spanish Highlevel Radioactive Waste Canisters." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7178.

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This paper summarizes the work carried out to analyse different alternatives related to the inner material selection of the Spanish high level waste canister for long term storage. The preliminary repository design considers granitic or clay formations, compacted bentonite sealing, corrosion allowing steel canisters and glass bead filling between the fuel assemblies and canister walls. This filling material will have the primary role of avoiding the possibility of a criticality event, which becomes an issue of major importance once the container is finally breached by corrosion and flooded by groundwater. In the first place, a complete set of requirements have been devised as evaluation criteria for candidate materials examination and selection; resulting in a compilation of demands significantly deeper and more exhaustive than any other similar work found in literature, including over 20 requirements and some other general aspects that could involve improvements in repository performance. Secondly, eight materials or material families (cast iron or steel, borosilicate glass, spinel, depleted uranium, dehydrated zeolites, hematite, phosphates and olivine) have been chosen and examined in detail, extracting some relevant conclusions. Either cast iron, borosilicate glass, spinel or depleted uranium are considered to look quite promising for the mentioned purpose.
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Vesely, Andreas. "Processes for the Treatment of NORM and TENORM." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4623.

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By contract with the Austrian government, the ARC is treating radioactive waste from research institutions and industries. In the last years, one focus was the development of processes for the treatment of NORM and TENORM. Our goal in developing such processes is to recycle valuable compounds for further industrial usage and to concentrate the radioactive elements as far as possible, to save space in the waste storage facilities. Austria is an important producer of tungsten-thoria- and tungsten-molybdenum-thoria-cermets. Scrap is generated during the production process in the form of turnings and grinding sludge and dust. Although big efforts have been undertaken to replace Thorium compounds, waste streams from past production processes are still waiting for treatment. The total amount of this waste stored in Austria may be estimated to be approx. 100 tons. In close co-operation with the tungsten industries, recycling processes were tested and further developed at ARC in laboratory, bench scale and pilot plants. Three different approaches to solve the problem were studied: Dissolution of tungsten in molten iron in an arc or induction furnace, thus producing an Fe-W or Fe-W-Mo alloy. Slag is produced upon the addition of lime and clay. This slag extracts nearly all of the Thorium contained in the metal melt. Selective dissolution of Tungsten in aqueous alkaline medium after oxidation of the metal to the hexavalent state by heating the scrap in air at temperatures of 500°C to 600°C. The resulting oxides are treated with sodium hydroxide solution. Tungsten and Molybdenum oxides are readily dissolved, while Thorium oxide together with silicon and aluminum compounds remain insoluble and are separated by filtration. Sodium tungstate solution is further processed by the usual hydrometallurgical tungsten mill process. Oxidation and dissolution of Tungsten can be achieved in one step by an electrochemical process. Thus, thoriated Tungsten scrap is used as an anode in an electrolysis cell, while sodium hydroxide or ammonia serve as electrolyte. After dissolution of Tungsten, the solids are separated from the liquid by filtration. With the electrochemical process, treatment of Tungsten-Thoria scrap can be achieved with high throughput in rather small reactors at moderate temperatures and ordinary pressure. The Tungsten solution exhibits high purity. Another process which we examined in detail is the separation of radium from rare earth compounds. Radium was separated by co-precipitation with barium sulfate from rare earth chloride solutions. The efficiency of the separation is strongly pH-dependent. Again, the valuable rare earth compound can be reused, and the radioactive elements are concentrated.
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