Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iron proteins

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Iron proteins'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Iron proteins"

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BROCK, J. H. "Iron-binding Proteins." Acta Paediatrica 78 (October 1989): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.1989.78.s361.31.

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Cammack, Richard. "Iron–sulfur proteins." Biochemist 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03405014.

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Iron makes up 35% of the Earth's mass, and is plentiful in its crust (approximately 5%), so it is not surprising that Biology has found many different applications for it. Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are essential, ubiquitous inorganic cofactors in electron-transport proteins of respiration and photosynthesis, and are responsible for the activity of hundreds of enzymes1. Various types of clusters (Figure 1) occur in iron-sulfur proteins, bound covalently to protein ligands, usually cysteine sulfur. Their activity is not confined to oxidation/reduction; in enzymes such as aconitase, they are involved in substrate binding and conversion. Fe–S enzymes that catalyse difficult reactions, such as nitrogenase in nitrogen fixation and hydrogenase in hydrogen production, contain complex ‘superclusters’2.
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RAWIS, REBECCA L. "IRON-SULFUR PROTEINS." Chemical & Engineering News 78, no. 47 (November 20, 2000): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n047.p043.

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Eisenstein, Richard S., and Kenneth P. Blemings. "Iron Regulatory Proteins, Iron Responsive Elements and Iron Homeostasis." Journal of Nutrition 128, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 2295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/128.12.2295.

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Zhu, Mingang, Marianne Valdebenito, Günther Winkelmann, and Klaus Hantke. "Functions of the siderophore esterases IroD and IroE in iron-salmochelin utilization." Microbiology 151, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 2363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27888-0.

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The siderophore salmochelin is produced under iron-poor conditions by Salmonella and many uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. The production of salmochelin, a C-glucosylated enterobactin, is dependent on the synthesis of enterobactin and the iroBCDEN gene cluster. An E. coli IroD protein with an N-terminal His-tag cleaved cyclic salmochelin S4 to the linear trimer salmochelin S2, the dimer salmochelin S1, and the monomers dihydroxybenzoylserine and C-glucosylated dihydroxybenzoylserine (salmochelin SX, pacifarinic acid). The periplasmic IroE protein was purified as a MalE–IroE fusion protein. This enzyme degraded salmochelin S4 and ferric-salmochelin S4 to salmochelin S2 and ferric-salmochelin S2, respectively. In E. coli, uptake of ferric-salmochelin S4 was dependent on the cleavage by IroE, and independent of the FepBDGC ABC transporter in the cytoplasmic membrane. IroC, which has similarities to ABC-multidrug-resistance proteins, was necessary for the uptake of salmochelin S2 from the periplasm into the cytoplasm. IroE did not function as a classical binding protein since salmochelin S2 was taken up in the absence of a functional IroE protein. IroC mediated the uptake of iron via enterobactin in a fepB mutant. IroE was also necessary in this case for the uptake of ferric-enterobactin, which indicated that only the linear degradation products of enterobactin were taken up via IroC. PfeE, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa IroE homologue, was cloned, and its enzymic activity was shown to be very similar to that of IroE. It is suggested that homologues in other bacteria are also periplasmic IroE-type esterases of siderophores.
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Ghio, Andrew J., Elizabeth N. Pavlisko, and Victor L. Roggli. "Iron and Iron-Related Proteins in Asbestosis." Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology 34, no. 4 (2015): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2015013397.

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Connor, James R., Sharon L. Menzies, Joseph R. Burdo, and Philip J. Boyer. "Iron and iron management proteins in neurobiology." Pediatric Neurology 25, no. 2 (August 2001): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-8994(01)00303-4.

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Bidlack, Wayne R. "Proteins of Iron Metabolism." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 21, no. 3 (June 2002): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2002.10719225.

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Pietrangelo, Antonello. "Proteins of iron metabolism." Gastroenterology 125, no. 6 (December 2003): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2003.08.039.

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Nordlund, Pär, and Hans Eklund. "Di-iron—carboxylate proteins." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 5, no. 6 (December 1995): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-440x(95)80008-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iron proteins"

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Camba, Acosta Raul O. "Reaction mechanisms of iron-sulfur proteins studied by protein-film voltammetry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365860.

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Fawcett, Sarah E. J. "Reactions of iron-sulfur clusters in proteins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:87b10a8e-67a8-476b-ae20-49e6892051f5.

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This thesis describes the investigation of reactions of iron-sulfur clusters in proteins using direct electrochemistry. The influence of potential on metal uptake to generate the [M3Fe-4S] cluster from the [3Fe-4S] cluster of Desulfovibrio africanus Fd III is studied. The influence of potential was complex: rapid and reversible interconversions (M = Fe and Zn) occurred only between the states [M3Fe-4S]2+ and [3Fe-4S]0, with [3Fe-4S]1+ having little affinity for M. The [M3Fe-4S]1+ cubanes and the hyper-reduced [3Fe-4S]2- were relatively unreactive. The reactivity of the transformed cluster, [M3Fe-4S] (M = Fe, Zn, Co), from the 7Fe Fd of Desulfovibrio africanus was studied and was found to react with a number of small thiol molecules, indicating that either ligand addition or exchange takes place at the transformed M site of the cluster. No reaction was observed with oxygenic ligands. In all cases, with the exception of imidazole, negative shifts in reduction potentials were observed. Reactions of the [2Fe-2S] cluster from the ferredoxin of Clostridium pasteurianum and a number of site-directed mutants of this ferredoxin are studied. The cysteine ligands of the cluster were identified and evidence was obtained for serinate ligation of the cluster in a number of mutants. The reduction potentials of these serinateligated clusters were found to have a notable dependence on pH. A mutant ferredoxin containing only three cysteine ligands was investigated, which was found to interact with an exogenous thiolate ligand and, in addition, displayed a second reduction couple, indicating the formation of the [2Fe-2S]0 state. Reactions of the [3Fe-4S] cluster and various [M3Fe-4S] adducts, from the ferredoxin of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, are studied. The [3Fe-4S] cluster exhibited a complex pH dependence over a wide pH range. The formation of the hyper-reduced [3Fe-4S]2- state was observed, which required 3H+ for the overall 3e‧ reduction from [3Fe-4S]1+. Metal uptake reactions for M = Fe, Zn, Cd, were found to be slower than for its mesophilic counterpart, the 7Fe Fd III from Desulfovibrio africanus. Conversely, Tl uptake was found to be rapid, suggesting that co-ordination of Tl does not require reorganisation of the protein structure.
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Morris, Patricia Ann. "EXAFS of non-heme iron containing proteins." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27402.

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St, Pierre T. G. "Moessbauer spectroscopic studies of iron-storage proteins." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380097.

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Valer, Luca. "Histidine ligated Iron-Sulfur Proteins and Peptides." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/355641.

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Iron-sulfur clusters play a fundamental role in biology and are believed to be ancient cofactors that could have played a role in early protometabolic systems. Thus far, redox active, prebiotically plausible iron-sulfur clusters have always been obtained through cysteine coordination to the iron ions. However, extant iron-sulfur proteins can be found to exploit other modes of binding, including ligation by histidine residues, as seen with [2Fe-2S] Rieske and MitoNEET proteins. In this thesis, we investigated the ability of cysteine- and histidine-containing proteins and peptides to coordinate mononuclear [1Fe-0S] centers and a [2Fe-2S] clusters. The iron-sulfur peptides were characterized by UV-vis, circular dichroism, and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopies and cyclic voltammetry. Small (≤ 6 amino acids) peptides can coordinate [2Fe-2S] clusters through a combination of cysteine and histidine residues with similar reduction potentials as their corresponding proteins. Such complexes may have been important for early cell-like systems.
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Maddocks, Sarah Elizabeth. "Iron metabolism in bacteria : examination of the Feo system (Ferrous iron transporter) and Dps-iron storage proteins." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434313.

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Le, Brun Nicolas Edward. "Studies of iron centres in bacterioferritin." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482780.

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Yoon, Taejin. "Functional and structural studies of human frataxin an iron chaperone protein for mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster and heme biosyntheses /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124287807.

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Dzikaitė, Vijolė. "Studies of proteins in heme and iron metabolism /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-762-2/.

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Tilley, Gareth John. "Electrochemical investigations into iron-sulfur cluster containing proteins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365300.

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Books on the topic "Iron proteins"

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M, Loehr Thomas, ed. Iron carriers and iron proteins. New York: VCH, 1989.

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M, Loehr Thomas, ed. Iron carriers and iron proteins. New York: VCH Publishers, 1989.

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Cammack, Richard. Iron-Sulfur Proteins. Burlington: Elsevier, 1999.

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I, Bertini, ed. Iron-sulfur proteins perovskites. Berlin: Springer, 1995.

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Proteins of iron metabolism. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2002.

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Ivano, Bertini, ed. Iron-sulfur proteins perovskites. Berlin: Springer, 1995.

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1930-, Matsubara Hiroshi, Katube Yukiteru, and Wada Keishiro, eds. Iron-sulfur protein research. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press, 1987.

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A, Hill H. O., Sadler P. J, and Thomson A. J, eds. Metal sites in proteins and models: Iron centres. Berlin: New York, 1999.

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George, Simon Justin. Magnetic circular dichromism studies of iron-sulpher proteins. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1986.

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O, Hill H. A., Sadler P. J, and Thompson A. J, eds. Metal sites in proteins and models: Iron centres. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Iron proteins"

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Bashir, Khurram, and Naoko K. Nishizawa. "Iron Proteins, Plant Iron Transporters." In Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins, 1015–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_356.

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Cohen, G. N. "Iron–Sulfur Proteins." In Microbial Biochemistry, 127–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9437-7_11.

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Cohen, G. N. "Iron-Sulfur Proteins." In Microbial Biochemistry, 139–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8908-0_11.

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Thomson, A. J. "Iron-Sulphur Proteins." In Metalloproteins, 79–120. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06372-7_3.

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Cohen, Georges N. "Iron-Sulfur Proteins." In Microbial Biochemistry, 195–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7579-3_11.

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Likhtenshtein, Gertz I. "Iron-Containing Proteins." In Chemical Physics of Redox Metalloenzyme Catalysis, 123–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73100-6_6.

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Theil, Elizabeth C. "Iron Proteins, Ferritin." In Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins, 996–1006. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_348.

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Gislason, J., B. Jones, B. Lönnerdal, and L. Hambraeus. "Intrinsic Labelling of Iron in Milk." In Milk Proteins, 100–102. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85373-9_13.

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Mason, Anne B., and Brian E. Eckenroth. "Iron Proteins, Transferrins and Iron Transport." In Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins, 1023–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_393.

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Srai, Surjit Kaila, and Paul Sharp. "Proteins of Iron Homeostasis." In Iron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans, 3–25. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-485-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Iron proteins"

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McGuinness, Kenneth. "Did iron-sulfur containing minerals and proteins coevolve?" In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.8001.

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Loehr, Thomas M. "Characteristics Of Bridging Oxo And Sulfido Groups In Multinuclear Iron Proteins." In OE/LASE '89, edited by Fran Adar, James E. Griffiths, and Jeremy M. Lerner. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.951594.

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Xie, Jining, Linfeng Chen, Vijay K. Varadan, and Malathi Srivastan. "Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanotubes and Their Neuronal Applications." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13207.

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Due to their unique structural and magnetic properties, magnetic nanotubes could be used in the field of neuroscience. In this study, hematite and maghemite nanotubes were synthesized and characterized. These magnetic nanotubes with coupled proteins such as albumin or laminin were used to investigate the interaction of nanotubes and their influence on somatosensory neurons from the dorsal root ganglion of rat. Our results indicated differential effects of magnetic nanotubes on neuronal growth based on the nanomaterial.
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Mozhaeva, V. A., E. I. Nagaev, T. A. Matveeva, E. A. Mol'kova, R. M. Sarimov, and K. A. Prokhorov. "Raman spectroscopy of the interaction of carbon-coated iron nanoparticles with proteins." In 2022 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclo54117.2022.9839970.

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Simpson, David A. "Diamond quantum sensors for quantitative detection of iron load in ferritin proteins." In Reporters, Markers, Dyes, Nanoparticles, and Molecular Probes for Biomedical Applications XV, edited by Ramesh Raghavachari and Mikhail Y. Berezin. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3009004.

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Henry, E., W. A. Eaton, and R. M. Hochstrasser. "Dynamics of Vibrational Populations in Optically Pumped Hemeproteins." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.wb7.

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Although proteins are disordered materials they can be crystallized and an equilibrium distribution of atomic coordinates can be determined using X-ray diffraction. Thus in contrast to liquids and glasses, the relaxation processes that are induced by the medium can be evaluated in terms of a known equilibrium structure. We report here molecular dynamics simulations of the influence of the surrounding protein on the vibrational energy content of the heme (iron porphyrin) typical of that introduced by absorption of the energy of a visible photon.
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Mandal, Pampa, Alireza Sheikhsofla, Samaneh Ghazanfarpour, Ting-Chean Khoo, Jonathan Barra, Isaiah Crousborne, Anna V. Sharikova, Alexander Khmaladze, and Margarida Barroso. "Assessment of Raman hyperspectral spectra upon depletion of proteins involved in iron transport." In Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2023, edited by Natan T. Shaked and Oliver Hayden. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2650402.

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Sheikhsofla, Alireza, Pampa Mandal, Anna Sharikova, Margarida Barroso, and Alexander Khmaladze. "An investigation into the depletion of iron transport-related proteins using Raman spectroscopy." In Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2024, edited by Natan T. Shaked and Oliver Hayden. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3003873.

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Schmutzler, Florian, Christoph Voigt, Marion Kubitza, Monika Buchner, Michael Melter, and Thomas S. Weiss. "Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) alters iron homeostasis regulating proteins by modifying the IL-6-STAT3-pathway." In 39. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759976.

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Buyukhatipoglu, Kivilcim, Wei Sun, and Alisa Morss Clyne. "A Hybrid Nano-Bioprinting Device for Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13152.

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Tissue engineering may require precise patterning of cells and bioactive factors to recreate the complex, 3D architecture of native tissue. These cells and bioactive components may then need to be repositioned during tissue growth in vitro and noninvasively imaged to track tissue development. We developed a new hybrid nano-bioprinting system by combining the initial patterning capabilities of a direct cell writing system with the active patterning capabilities of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The iron oxide nanoparticles can be conjugated with proteins or loaded inside cells, printed into computer-defined patterns, and then manipulated and imaged within the 3D tissue engineering construct. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were bioprinted either in an alginate scaffold or inside endothelial cells. Cell viability, patterning, and imaging were assessed.
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Reports on the topic "Iron proteins"

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Bercovier, Herve, Raul Barletta, and Shlomo Sela. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Secreted and Cellular Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573078.bard.

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Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular vaccine against paratuberculosis based on protein antigen(s). A prerequisite to achieve this goal is to analyze and characterize Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mpt) secreted and cellular proteins eliciting a protective immune response. In the context of this general objective, we proposed to identify, clone, produce, and characterize: the Mpt 85B antigen and other Mpt immunoreactive secreted proteins, the Mpt L7/L12 ribosomal protein and other immunoreactive cellular proteins, Mpt protein determinants involved in invasion of epithelial cells, and Mpt protein antigens specifically expressed in macrophages. Paratuberculosis is still a very serious problem in Israel and in the USA. In the USA, a recent survey evaluated that 21.6% of the dairy herd were infected with Mpt resulting in 200-250 million dollars in annual losses. Very little is known on the virulence factors and on protective antigens of Mpt. At present, the only means of controlling this disease are culling or vaccination. The current vaccines do not allow a clear differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular paratuberculosis vaccine based on Mpt protein antigen(s) compatible with diagnostic tests. To achieve this goal it is necessary to analyze and characterize secreted and cellular proteins candidate for such a vaccine. Representative Mpt libraries (shuttle plasmid and phage) were constructed and used to study Mpt genes and gene products described below and will be made available to other research groups. In addition, two approaches were performed which did not yield the expected results. Mav or Mpt DNA genes that confer upon Msg or E. coli the ability to invade and/or survive within HEp-2 cells were not identified. Likewise, we were unable to characterize the 34-39 kDa induced secreted proteins induced by stress factors due to technical difficulties inherent to the complexity of the media needed to support substantial M. pt growth. We identified, isolated, sequenced five Mpt proteins and expressed four of them as recombinant proteins that allowed the study of their immunological properties in sensitized mice. The AphC protein, found to be up regulated by low iron environment, and the SOD protein are both involved in protecting mycobacteria against damage and killing by reactive oxygen (Sod) and nitrogen (AhpC) intermediates, the main bactericidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells. SOD and L7/L12 ribosomal proteins are structural proteins constitutively expressed. 85B and CFP20 are both secreted proteins. SOD, L7/L12, 85B and CFP20 were shown to induce a Th1 response in immunized mice whereas AphC was shown by others to have a similar activity. These proteins did not interfere with the DTH reaction of naturally infected cows. Cellular immunity provides protection in mycobacterial infections, therefore molecules inducing cellular immunity and preferentially a Th1 pathway will be the best candidate for the development of an acellular vaccine. The proteins characterized in this grant that induce a cell-mediated immunity and seem compatible with diagnostic tests, are good candidates for the construction of a future acellular vaccine.
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Elardo, Karen. Changes in Proteins Associated with Nitrogen Fixation and Iron Nutrition in the Marine Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6778.

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Blumwald, Eduardo, and Avi Sadka. Citric acid metabolism and mobilization in citrus fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587732.bard.

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Accumulation of citric acid is a major determinant of maturity and fruit quality in citrus. Many citrus varieties accumulate citric acid in concentrations that exceed market desires, reducing grower income and consumer satisfaction. Citrate is accumulated in the vacuole of the juice sac cell, a process that requires both metabolic changes and transport across cellular membranes, in particular, the mitochondrial and the vacuolar (tonoplast) membranes. Although the accumulation of citrate in the vacuoles of juice cells has been clearly demonstrated, the mechanisms for vacuolar citrate homeostasis and the components controlling citrate metabolism and transport are still unknown. Previous results in the PIs’ laboratories have indicated that the expression of a large number of a large number of proteins is enhanced during fruit development, and that the regulation of sugar and acid content in fruits is correlated with the differential expression of a large number of proteins that could play significant roles in fruit acid accumulation and/or regulation of acid content. The objectives of this proposal are: i) the characterization of transporters that mediate the transport of citrate and determine their role in uptake/retrieval in juice sac cells; ii) the study of citric acid metabolism, in particular the effect of arsenical compounds affecting citric acid levels and mobilization; and iii) the development of a citrus fruit proteomics platform to identify and characterize key processes associated with fruit development in general and sugar and acid accumulation in particular. The understanding of the cellular processes that determine the citrate content in citrus fruits will contribute to the development of tools aimed at the enhancement of citrus fruit quality. Our efforts resulted in the identification, cloning and characterization of CsCit1 (Citrus sinensis citrate transporter 1) from Navel oranges (Citrus sinesins cv Washington). Higher levels of CsCit1 transcripts were detected at later stages of fruit development that coincided with the decrease in the juice cell citrate concentrations (Shimada et al., 2006). Our functional analysis revealed that CsCit1 mediates the vacuolar efflux of citrate and that the CsCit1 operates as an electroneutral 1CitrateH2-/2H+ symporter. Our results supported the notion that it is the low permeable citrateH2 - the anion that establishes the buffer capacity of the fruit and determines its overall acidity. On the other hand, it is the more permeable form, CitrateH2-, which is being exported into the cytosol during maturation and controls the citrate catabolism in the juice cells. Our Mass-Spectrometry-based proteomics efforts (using MALDI-TOF-TOF and LC2- MS-MS) identified a large number of fruit juice sac cell proteins and established comparisons of protein synthesis patterns during fruit development. So far, we have identified over 1,500 fruit specific proteins that play roles in sugar metabolism, citric acid cycle, signaling, transport, processing, etc., and organized these proteins into 84 known biosynthetic pathways (Katz et al. 2007). This data is now being integrated in a public database and will serve as a valuable tool for the scientific community in general and fruit scientists in particular. Using molecular, biochemical and physiological approaches we have identified factors affecting the activity of aconitase, which catalyze the first step of citrate catabolism (Shlizerman et al., 2007). Iron limitation specifically reduced the activity of the cytosolic, but not the mitochondrial, aconitase, increasing the acid level in the fruit. Citramalate (a natural compound in the juice) also inhibits the activity of aconitase, and it plays a major role in acid accumulation during the first half of fruit development. On the other hand, arsenite induced increased levels of aconitase, decreasing fruit acidity. We have initiated studies aimed at the identification of the citramalate biosynthetic pathway and the role(s) of isopropylmalate synthase in this pathway. These studies, especially those involved aconitase inhibition by citramalate, are aimed at the development of tools to control fruit acidity, particularly in those cases where acid level declines below the desired threshold. Our work has significant implications both scientifically and practically and is directly aimed at the improvement of fruit quality through the improvement of existing pre- and post-harvest fruit treatments.
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4

Splitter, Gary A., Menachem Banai, and Jerome S. Harms. Brucella second messenger coordinates stages of infection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699864.bard.

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Aim 1: To determine levels of this second messenger in: a) B. melitensiscyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate-regulating mutants (BMEI1448, BMEI1453, and BMEI1520), and b) B. melitensis16M (wild type) and mutant infections of macrophages and immune competent mice. (US lab primary) Aim 2: To determine proteomic differences between Brucelladeletion mutants BMEI1453 (high cyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate, chronic persistent state) and BMEI1520 (low cyclicdimericguanosinemonophosphate, acute virulent state) compared to wild type B. melitensisto identify the role of this second messenger in establishing the two polar states of brucellosis. (US lab primary with synergistic assistance from the Israel lab Aim 3: Determine the level of Brucellacyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate and transcriptional expression from naturally infected placenta. (Israel lab primary with synergistic assistance from the US lab). B. Background Brucellaspecies are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause brucellosis, the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Brucellosis is characterized by increased abortion, weak offspring, and decreased milk production in animals. Humans are infected with Brucellaby consuming contaminated milk products or via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria from occupational hazards. Chronic human infections can result in complications such as liver damage, orchitis, endocarditis, and arthritis. Brucellaspp. have the ability to infect both professional and non-professional phagocytes. Because of this, Brucellaencounter varied environments both throughout the body and within a cell and must adapt accordingly. To date, few virulence factors have been identified in B. melitensisand even less is known about how these virulence factors are regulated. Subsequently, little is known about how Brucellaadapt to its rapidly changing environments, and how it alternates between acute and chronic virulence. Our studies suggest that decreased concentrations of cyclic dimericguanosinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP) lead to an acute virulent state and increased concentrations of c-di-GMP lead to persistent, chronic state of B. melitensisin a mouse model of infection. We hypothesize that B. melitensisuses c-di-GMP to transition from the chronic state of an infected host to the acute, virulent stage of infection in the placenta where the bacteria prepare to infect a new host. Studies on environmental pathogens such as Vibrio choleraeand Pseudomonas aeruginosasupport a mechanism where changes in c-di-GMP levels cause the bacterium to alternate between virulent and chronic states. Little work exists on understanding the role of c-di-GMP in dangerous intracellular pathogens, like Brucellathat is a frequent pathogen in Israeli domestic animals and U.S. elk and bison. Brucellamust carefully regulate virulence factors during infection of a host to ensure proper expression at appropriate times in response to host cues. Recently, the novel secondary signaling molecule c-di-GMP has been identified as a major component of bacterial regulation and we have identified c-di-GMP as an important signaling factor in B. melitensishost adaptation. C. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. The B. melitensis1453 deletion mutant has increased c-di-GMP, while the 1520 deletion mutant has decreased c-di-GMP. 2. Both mutants grow similarly in in vitro cultures; however, the 1453 mutant has a microcolony phenotype both in vitro and in vivo 3. The 1453 mutant has increased crystal violet staining suggesting biofilm formation. 4. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an abnormal coccus appearance with in increased cell area. 5. Proteomic analysis revealed the 1453 mutant possessed increased production of proteins involved in cell wall processes, cell division, and the Type IV secretion system, and a decrease in proteins involved in amino acid transport/metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid production, and iron acquisition suggesting less preparedness for intracellular survival. 6. RNAseq analysis of bone marrow derived macrophages infected with the mutants revealed the host immune response is greatly reduced with the 1453 mutant infection. These findings support that microlocalization of proteins involved in c-di-GMP homeostasis serve a second messenger to B. melitensisregulating functions of the bacteria during infection of the host.
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5

Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel, and Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.

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Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.
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6

DOĞRUL, Mürsel, and Hayati ÜNLÜ. TÜBA Filistin - İsrail Savaşı Raporu. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-81-8.

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"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli- Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international community in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-actor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established international norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international relations and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to a realization of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional poweroriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and international politics, individual, academic and scientific freedom is still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."
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7

TÜBA REPORT ON THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI WAR. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-82-5.

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"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli-Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international com- munity in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-a- ctor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established inter- national norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international rela- tions and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to an awareness of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional power-oriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and internati- onal policy, individual, academic and freedom of expression are still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."
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8

DOĞRUL, Mürsel, and Hayati ÜNLÜ, eds. TUBA takrir el-Harbi’l-Filistiniyye’l-İsrailiyye. Turkish Academy of Sciences, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-90-0.

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"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli-Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international com- munity in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-a- ctor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established inter- national norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international rela- tions and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to an awareness of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional power-oriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and internati- onal policy, individual, academic and freedom of expression are still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."
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9

Horwitz, Benjamin, and Barbara Gillian Turgeon. Secondary Metabolites, Stress, and Signaling: Roles and Regulation of Peptides Produced by Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthetases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696522.bard.

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Fungal pathogens of plants produce a diverse array of small molecules. Often referred to as secondary metabolites because they were thought to be dispensable for basic functions, they may indeed have central roles as signals for the fungal cell, and in interactions with the host. We have identified more than a dozen genes encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NPS) in Cochliobolusheterostrophus, the agent of southern corn leaf blight. The aim of this project was to identify roles of these genes in stress responses and signaling. The first objective was to test a complete collection of C. heterostrophus nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-encoding gene deletion mutant and wildtype (WT) strains for sensitivity to various agents of oxidative (ROS) and nitrosative (RNOS) stress, in vitro. The second objective and next step in this part of the project was to study the relevance of sensitivity to ROS and RNOS in the host pathogen interaction, by measuring the production of ROS and RNOS in planta, when plants are inoculated with wild type and mutant strains. A third objective was to study expression of any genes shown to be involved in sensitivity to ROS or RNOS, in vitro and in planta. Another objective was to determine if any of the genes involved in oxidative or nitrosative stress responses are regulated by components of signal transduction pathways (STP) that we have identified and to determine where mechanisms overlap. Study of the collection of nps mutants identified phenotypes relevant for virulence, development and oxidative stress resistance for two of the genes, NPS2 and NPS6. Mutants in genes related to RNOS stress have no virulence phenotypes, while some of those related to ROS stress have reduced virulence as well as developmental phenotypes, so we focused primarily on ROS stress pathways. Furthermore, the identification of NPS2 and NPS6 as encoding for NRPS responsible for siderophore biosynthesis lent a new focus to the project, regulation by Fe. We have not yet developed good methods to image ROS in planta and work in this direction is continuing. We found that NPS6 expression is repressed by Fe, responding over the physiological Fe concentration range. Studying our collection of mutants, we found that conserved MAPK and G protein signal transduction pathways are dispensable for Fe regulation of NPS6, and initiated work to identify other pathways. The transcription factor SreA is one candidate, and is responsible for part, but not all, of the control of NPS6 expression. The results of this project show that the pathogen contends with oxidative stress through several signaling pathways. Loss of the siderophore produced by Nps6 makes the fungus sensitive to oxidative stress, and decreases virulence, suggesting a central role of the ability to sequester and take up extracellular iron in the host-pathogen interaction. Siderophores, and manipulation of Fe levels, could be targets for new strategies to deal with fungal pathogens of maize and other plants.
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