Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iron ores

Academic literature on the topic 'Iron ores'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Iron ores"

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Bajraktari-Gashi, Zarife, Muharrem Zabeli, and Behram Halilaj. "Key Metallurgical Parameters of Fe-Ni Production During 1984–1997 and 2007–2017 at the Ferronickel Smelter in Drenas." Materials and Geoenvironment 67, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2020-0008.

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AbstractDuring 1984–1997, the ferronickel plant in Drenas used iron-nickel ore from the mines of the Republic of Kosovo: Glavica and Çikatove (Dushkaje and Suke) mines. However, during the years 2007–2017, when the plant started operating from the cessation of production, which was from 1998 to 2007, some types of iron-nickel ores from different countries began to be used, starting from iron-nickel ores from Kosovo, iron-nickel ores from Albania, ores from Indonesia, ores from the Philippines, ores from Guatemala, ores from Turkey and ores from Macedonia. The ore composition, however, is mainly oxide-laterite ore. Iron-nickel ores in the plant are characterised by high moisture content, a very important factor influencing the process of scraping the charge in rotary kilns and presenting in general. Among the iron-nickel ore used in the ferronickel plant, the ores from Albania are characterised due to their low moisture content when compared with the other ores as well as the high content of iron oxides, which affect the temperature rise inside the furnaces, as the iron ores play an important role in the pre-casting process in rotary kilns.
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Sarvamangala, H., K. A. Natarajan, and S. T. Girisha. "Biobeneficiation of Iron Ores." International Journal of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.mining.20120102.01.

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Uwadiale, G. G. O. O. "Upgrading Nigerian iron ores." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 6, no. 3 (August 1989): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402701.

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Guo, William. "Thermal magnetic analysis on iron ores and banded iron formations (BIFs) in the Hamersley Province: Implications of origins of magnetic minerals and iron ores." AIMS Geosciences 9, no. 2 (2023): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2023017.

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<abstract> <p>The genesis models of the iron-ores hosted in banded iron formations (BIFs) in the Hamersley Province of Western Australia have been debated since the iron-ore deposits were discovered in the 1960s. The existing models considered the few physicochemical conditions for the iron-ore enrichment from BIFs. This study incorporates the latest research outcomes in conversions among the major magnetic minerals under different physicochemical conditions with the thermal magnetic analysis for BIFs and iron-ores collected from the Hamersley Province to fill the gap in knowledge highlighted by existing studies of the iron ores and BIFs. The results indicate that the high-grade hematite ores might have been undergone a physicochemical process under hydrothermal conditions between 120 ℃ and 220 ℃ during the major stage of enrichment from the original BIFs in the Brockman Iron Formation. Such physicochemical conditions would require either that the BIF units were buried 4000–5000 m underground with tilted broad channels formed by large-scale deformation in the region that facilitates hydrothermal reactions and leaching by the fluids flowing down deep to 4000–5000 m, somehow similar to the deep-seated supergene model proposed in previous works, or that the BIF units were still buried but the hydrothermal fluids coming up from deeper sources spread widely over the broad channels to ensure the high-grade hematite ores are consistently uniform over the entire deposit. The large-scale martite-goethite deposits in the Marra Mamba Iron Formation might be derived from multiple supergene phases from hematite-martite ores below 100 ℃ in the natural process of oxidization near surface, somewhat similar to the existing model for the channel iron deposits. Magnetite contained within current BIFs and iron ores was least likely derived from primary hematite in BIFs.</p> </abstract>
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Nenuwa, OB. "Determination of Work Index of Muro Iron Ore Using Marble and Granite as Reference Ores." Journal of Advanced Research in Manufacturing, Material Science & Metallurgical Engineering 08, no. 3&4 (January 21, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2393.8315.202102.

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The work index of Muro iron ore was determined using the modified Bond’s method also known as Berry and Bruce method. This study used iron ore obtained from Muro town, a community in Toto LGA, Nasarawa state as the test ore. Marble and Granite which was separately used as the reference ores were obtained from Muro environs. 100 g each of the test ore and the reference ores were subjected to the same grinding conditions in a ball mill. Size analysis of the feed to the ball mill and the product of the ball mill for both test ore and reference ores were carried out and the results tabulated accordingly. The 80% passing particle size of the ball mill feed and discharge for the samples were calculated using the Gaudian Schumann expression. The Bond’s equation was then used to calculate the work index of the Muro iron ore which was found to be 24.84 kWh/ t when marble was used as reference ore and 27.41 kWh/ t when granite was used as reference ore. The average work index of Muro iron ore was calculated as 26.13 kWh/ t, while the energy requirement for grinding the ore was found to be 3.62 kWh/ t. The value of the work index of Muro iron ore is within the limit of work index of iron ore quoted in literatures
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Tang, Z. D., P. Gao, Y. X. Han, and W. Guo. "Fluidized bed roasting technology in iron ores dressing in China: A review on equipment development and application prospect." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 55, no. 3 (2019): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb190520051t.

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Due to the undesirable characteristics of iron ore resources in China, it is necessary to utilize refractory iron ores resources with high efficiency. The mining and mineral processing costs are usually high. The supply of domestic iron ores in China has been in serious shortage for a long time. Therefore, the development and utilization of complex and refractory iron ore resources are extremely urgent. Magnetizing roasting followed by magnetic separation is an important method for the beneficiation of low grade iron ores. More attention has been paid to fluidized bed magnetizing roasting rather than shaft furnace and rotary kiln roasting in recent years. In this paper, the main characteristics of fluidized bed magnetizing roasting technology and the development process of its application in the beneficiation of refractory iron ores are introduced. The research status of several typical fluidized bed roasting processes and equipment in China are also summarized. Moreover, the application prospect of the technology for efficient utilization of low grade hematite, siderite, and limonite ores, as well as iron containing tailings, is analyzed.
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Degodya, E. Yu, and O. P. Shavakuleva. "Elaboration of a technology for production conditional ilmenite concentrate by enrichment of titanium-magnetite ores." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 5 (June 20, 2019): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-5-572-576.

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The titanium-magnetite ores keep an important place among complex iron-containing ores. Utilization of these ores, comprising ores of Kopanskoe deposit, in steel industry is a serious problem, requiring for its solving enrichment resulting in obtaining iron-vanadium and ilmenite concentrates. A principal flow-chart of titanium-magnetite ores enrichment with obtaining conditional iron-vanadium and ilmenite concentrates elaborated. Results of flotation tests of non-magnetic fraction of Kopanskoe deposit titanium-magnetite ores, which is difficult for concentration. Application of flotation process for Kopanskoe deposit titaniummagnetite ores enrichment, which is difficult for concentration, enables not only to improve the enrichment indices, but considerably simplify the process chain of the plant equipment by excluding a big number of gravitational facilities. It was shown, that ilmenite and rutile flotation is successfully carried out in an acidic environment with the use of oleic acid, kerosene, sodium fluoride, sulfuric acid, foam activator VKP. The elaborated reagent complex provides obtaining conditional ilmenite concentrate. As a result of enrichment by application the elaborated magnetic flotation technology, iron-vanadium concentrate with a mass fraction of iron equal to 63.4 % and titanium dioxide – 4.5 % as well as ilmenite concentrate with a mass fraction of titanium dioxide equal to 45.2% obtained. The elaborated technology can be used for titanium-magnetite ores of Medvedevskoe, Kusinskoe, Chernorechenskoe deposits.
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Ananyeva, A. V. "Technique for Selecting Control Decisions in Optimizing Technological Modes of Processing Iron Ore Raw Materials Using Electromagnetic Influences." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 27, no. 4 (March 1, 2024): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2023-27-4-117-131.

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Purpose of reseach. The paper considers the process of selective pre-destruction of interphase boundaries in iron ores by using magnetic-pulse treatment. When analyzing the stress-strain state and viscous fracture, the relative similarity of the fracture criteria in the main minerals of iron ores due to magnetically-striction deformation of magnetite grains. Methods.It has been established that the strength and toughness of the destruction of magnetite exceeds the analogous properties of calcite in the composition of skarn iron ores, the strength and toughness of quartz fracture exceeds the analogous properties of magnetite. A difference in the character of the destruction of skarn ores and ferruginous quartzites. The criterion for estimating the degree of softening of interphase boundaries in iron ores due to the magnetic-impulse action based on the probabilistic approach is formulated. Results.A theoretical estimate is made of the degree of selective softening of iron ores under magnetic-pulse treatment, taking into account the strength and magnetostriction properties of magnetite. The results of experiments on nanoindentation of interphase boundaries before and after magnetic-pulse processing are presented. Conclusion. By analyzing the lengths of developing microcracks under the influence of a nanoindenter, the possibility of reducing the fracture toughness after a magnetic pulse treatment of iron ore.
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Fan, Guixia, Liguang Wang, Yijun Cao, and Chao Li. "Collecting Agent–Mineral Interactions in the Reverse Flotation of Iron Ore: A Brief Review." Minerals 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080681.

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Froth flotation has been widely used in upgrading iron ores. Iron ore flotation can be performed in two technical routes: direct flotation of iron oxides and reverse flotation of gangue minerals with depression of iron oxides. Nowadays, reverse flotation is the most commonly used route in iron ore flotation. This review is focused on the reverse flotation of iron ores, consisting of reverse cationic flotation and reverse anionic flotation. It covers different types of collecting agents used in reverse iron ore flotation, the surface characteristics of minerals commonly present in iron ores (e.g., iron oxides, quartz, alumina-bearing minerals, phosphorus-bearing minerals, iron-bearing carbonates, and iron-bearing silicates), and the adsorption mechanisms of the collecting agents at the mineral surface. The implications of collecting agent–mineral interactions for improving iron ore flotation are discussed.
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Lan, Zhuo Yue, Xiu Juan Li, Si Qing Liu, Wan Ping Wang, and Min Zhang. "A Review on the Beneficiation of Ultra-Lean Iron Ores." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.44.

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Nowadays, the demand of Chinese market for iron ores exceeds the supply. However, more than 90% the iron ores in China is of low grade with 30%Fe in average; the sub-marginal and ultra lean ores account for 40% of the total. Therefore, research on the beneficiation of above ores is extremely significant. This article reviews the present situation and technical problems on utilization of the lean iron ores in China over the past years. Moreover, the major progress in the technology and equipment is summarized. Efficient separation as well as energy saving is still the core in utilization of the ore. Emphasis is placed on different processes developed in upgrading the ore grade to plants and realizing the comprehensive utilization problems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iron ores"

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Osterholt, Volker. "Simulation of ore deposit geology and an application at the Yandicoogina iron ore deposit, Western Australia / y Volker Osterholt." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19175.pdf.

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Toweh, Solomon Hartley. "Prospects for Liberian iron ores considering shifting patterns of trade in the world iron ore industry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184686.

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This dissertation examines the performance of the Liberian iron ore industry from 1950-1985 and its viability in global markets, assuming stagnation (World Bank) and expansionist (Leontief et al.) expectations. It examines past trends in trade and investment patterns in the light of equilibrium allocations which imply the existence of efficient transportation links. This model assumes that given world sources and sinks as constrained by the supply and demand structure of the ore industry, each individual region acts as a basing point to maximize net social payoff from its ore trade. The model is validated on recent (1984) industry data and "explains" 91% of actual demands and 79% of actual trade flows. Price discrimination is evidenced in the form both of monopsony power exercised by some buyers in the Pacific Basin over intra-regional (e.g., Australian) and extra-regional (e.g., Brazilian, Liberian) producers and monopoly power permitting modest rents to be collected by some producers in Africa, including Liberia, from the European markets. In North America, rents appear for some domestic producers in some simulations. These results confirm quantitatively the descriptive results of others while postulating a much more competitive environment for producers. The model assumes world trade doubles through year 2000 or stagnates. Liberia fares poorly in either case, losing significant portions of its U.S. and of its EEC markets to Canada and Brazil respectively despite the maintenance of some resource rents globally. This analysis quantifies for the first time the claims of earlier studies that price discrimination exists, but indicates actual prices may be closer to long-run competitive prices than has generally been assumed by others. Thus, realistic ways for Liberia to increase its market shares require not only an expansion of the industrialized countries' steel industries but an aggressive willingness to absorb transport and other costs by foregoing rents and lowering costs. Removing diseconomies of small transport scale, absorbing freight, and lower U.S. exchange rates combined with world steel expansion could increase Liberian annual shipments by as much as 50 million tonnes per year or $1 billion annually.
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Oaikhinan, E. P. "Phase relationships in chemically reduced iron ores." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375127.

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Sirajuddin, M. "Some aspects of up-grading iron ores." Thesis, Teesside University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371861.

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Muwanguzi, Abraham Judah Bumalirivu. "Characterisation of Muko iron ores (Uganda( for defferent routes of iron production." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25037.

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Iron and its products, especially the various forms of steel, have been and still are a vital material in many sectors of life. It is utilized in many industrial activities ranging from production of heavy duty mechanical equipment to light electrical appliances and home appliances. With the world‟s iron ore consumption estimated to stand at 1.3 billion tonnes by 2025, exploitation of any existing natural deposits is of increasing importance to meet the demands of the expanding world economy. Large deposits of iron ore exist in Uganda in the eastern (Tororo) regions and south-western (Kisoro-Kabale) regions of the country. The ore deposits of Kisoro-Kabale consist of an iron-rich hematite grade with less deleterious impurities as compared to that of Tororo. Prospective quantification puts the deposits at 30-50 million tonnes of raw-ore reserves. To date the deposits lay unexploited, with small holder black smith activities taking place in the area. This work involves understanding the occurrence, quantity and quality of the ore plus its properties and characteristics in a bid to pave way for its exploitation for economic use in Uganda and beyond. Characterisation was done on the samples collected from the deposits, to establish its physical, chemical and metallurgical properties. Literature detailing the natural occurrence of the deposits plus the genesis of the parent rocks and ore and the prospective tonnage is included. The economic situation in Uganda as far as demand and consumption of iron and steel is concerned is also briefly highlighted. The chemical, physical and metallurgical characteristics that could facilitate the initial exploitation of the ore are examined with conclusive results from the representative samples examined. The results present Muko ore as a high grade of hematite with an Fe content averaging 68%. The gangue content (SiO 2+Al2O3) of 5 of the 6 samples investigated is < 4%, which is within the tolerable limits for the dominant iron production processes, with its S and P contents being < 0.1% and 0.07% respectively. Thus, Muko iron ore can be reduced in the furnace without presenting major difficulties. With respect to mechanical properties, Muko ore was found to have a Tumble Index value > 85 wt%, an Abrasion Index value < 4 wt% and a Shatter Index value < 2.5 wt%. This implies that the ore holds its form during the processes of mining, transportation, screening and descent when loaded in the furnace for reduction. Its reducibility index was found to be 0.868%/min. This is well within the desired reduction limits for the major iron reduction processes. It implies that a high productivity (in terms of iron reduced) can be realised in the reduction processes in a given period of time. Muko iron ore was found to meet most of the feed raw material requirements (physical, chemical and metallurgical) for the blast furnace and the major direct reduction processes (Midrex, HYL III and SL/RN). Furthermore, for those desired for sinter and pellet making. It can thus serve well as a feed raw material for smelting reduction and direct reduction processes.
QC 20101007
Sustainable Technological Development in the Lake Victoria Region
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Lledo, Haroldo Luis. "Experimental studies on the origin of iron deposits and mineralization of Sierra La Bandera, Chile /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Jansson, Nils. "The origin of iron ores in Bergslagen, Sweden, and their relationships with polymetallic sulphide ores." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25865.

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The Bergslagen mining district of southern Sweden is one of Europe’s classic mining districts with more than 1 000 years of mining history. One of the typical features of Bergslagen is a spatial association between Zn-Pb-Ag-(Cu-Au) sulphide deposits and magnetite-rich Fe oxide deposits. The relationship between these two deposit types has been discussed intensely for more than a century, yet there are still many uncertainties to be resolved. In this thesis, the origin of Fe oxide deposits in Bergslagen and their relationship with polymetallic sulphide deposits is investigated. Detailed investigations have been undertaken at a number of Fe oxide and polymetallic sulphide deposits in the Garpenberg and Stollberg areas, where sulphides and Fe oxides are spatially associated. The deposits studied at Garpenberg include the Ryllshyttan stratabound Zn-Pb-Ag-(Cu) + magnetite deposit, the Smältarmossen calcic Fe skarn deposit, the Lappberget stratabound Zn-Pb-Ag-(Cu-Au) deposit and stratiform Fe-rich exhalites near the Ryllshyttan deposit. At Stollberg, the investigation has mainly focused on studying the regional geological framework of the ore deposits. The research project was based on detailed geological mapping and drill core logging. The ores, their host rocks and the associated hydrothermal alteration envelopes have been further studied by a combination of optic microscopy, electron microprobe mineral chemical analysis, radiometric dating and whole rock lithogeochemical analysis. The results reveal that several different types of Fe oxide deposits may be defined in the Garpenberg and Stollberg areas 1) synsedimentary-exhalative Fe oxide deposits, 2) carbonate replacement-type deposits that are locally spatially associated with polymetallic sulphide deposits, and 3) contact metasomatic Fe skarn deposits proximal to syn-volcanic intrusions. For most of the studied ore deposits, several different stages of ore formation or modification of pre-existing ores are recognized, based on textural evidence and cross-cutting relationships between hydrothermal alteration, stratigraphy, intrusive events and structures. Zoning in ore metals, mineralogy and alteration geochemistry occurs both on deposit-scale and on a regional scale in all studied areas. The zonation patterns have been studied in detail in an attempt to elucidate whether geochemical, mineralogical and mineral chemical vectors may be identi¿ed, which would aid mineral exploration where Fe oxide and polymetallic sulphide deposits co-exist. Radiometric dating indicates that the studied deposits at Garpenberg, despite being markedly different from each other in style and setting, formed during a short time span at 1892 ±4 Ma. The possibility that all studied deposit-types formed at slightly different times and/or at different depths within a large igneous system is explored. Based on stratigraphic evolution, the distribution and character of hydrothermally altered zones as well as the characteristics of the ore deposits themselves, it is inferred that the sequence of ore types 1-3 above reflects generally increasing depths of ore formation and/or proximity to causative intrusions. Documented overprinting relationships and the co-existence of all deposits at similar stratigraphic levels indicate that multiple stages of ore formation during active volcaniclastic sedimentation, burial and intrusion of magmas to shallow crustal levels in an evolving extensional basin must be considered. Continuous burial during volcaniclastic sedimentation in an extensional tectonic setting (e.g. a backarc basin on continental crust) combined with the frequent intrusion of magma to shallow crustal levels, resulted in the stratigraphic succession hosting stratiform Fe oxide mineralization (type 1) being subjected to seawater-dominated hydrothermal convection cells. This led to formation of type 2replacement-style Fe oxide and polymetallic sulphide mineralizations. During continued burial, these deposits were subsequently affected by local or widespread intrusion-associated metasomatism that formed contact metasomatic Fe skarn deposits. The ores were later subjected to polyphase ductile deformation under low P amphibolite facies metamorphic conditions during the Svecokarelian orogeny. The polymetallic sulphide ores especially, were substantially modi¿ed and remobilized in the hinge zones of folds, into ore shoots parallel with axial surfaces and locally into the ENE-trending, sheared short limbs of folds. Sulphide remobilization partly coincided with retrograde alteration of anhydrous, Fe-rich skarns to more hydrous, magnetite-rich skarns, thus locally leading to the formation of high-grade magnetite mineralization proximal to massive sulphide deposits.
Godkänd; 2011; Bibliografisk uppgift: Härtill 6 uppsatser.; 20110511 (niljan); DISPUTATION Ämnesområde: Malmgeologi/Ore Geology Opponent: Professor Paul Spry, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A. Ordförande: Adjunct professor Rodney Allen, Boliden Mineral, Exploration Department/ Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Tid: Tisdag den 13 september 2011, kl 10.00 Plats: F341, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Pichestapong, Pipat. "Non-coke smelting reduction of iron ores : process modelling /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10560.

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Sun, Stanley Shuye. "A study of kinetics and mechanisms of iron ore reduction in ore/coal composites." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30115.pdf.

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Nudo, Vince. "Scavenging iron ore tailings with the Reichert cone." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66257.

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Books on the topic "Iron ores"

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Zhang, Mingming. Iron Ores Bioprocessing. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1.

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Bhagat, Ram Pravesh. Agglomeration of Iron Ores. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315269504.

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Ma, Mark T. Iron ore flotation. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Ostapenko, P. E. Teorii͡a︡ i praktika obogashchenii͡a︡ zheleznykh rud. Moskva: "Nedra", 1985.

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Ostapenko, P. E. Bezotkhodnai͡a︡ tekhnologii͡a︡ pererabotki rud chernykh metallov. Moskva: "Nedra", 1988.

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Malet͡skiĭ, N. A. Kompleksnoe ispolʹzovanie mineralʹno-syrʹevykh resursov pri obogashchenii rud chernykh metallov. Moskva: "Nedra", 1986.

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Matzat, Hans-Werner. Mineralogical, petrological and geochemical features of the ore formation of Savage River, Tasmania (Australia), including a comparison with the Kiruna-Iron Mtn. type of iron ore deposits. Heidelberg: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 1986.

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Dymkin, Aleksandr Mikhaĭlovich. Zhelezorudnye format͡sii Zauralʹi͡a: Severnai͡a chastʹ Turgaĭskogo progiba. Sverdlovsk: Akademii͡a nauk SSSR, Uralʹskiĭ nauchnyĭ t͡sentr, 1987.

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Indian Bureau of Mines. Publication Cell., India. Dept. of Publication., and India Ministry of Mines, eds. Monograph on iron ore. Delhi: Controller of Publications, 1997.

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Gilpin, Edwin. The iron ores of Nova Scotia. [Montréal?: s.n., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Iron ores"

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Lobato, Lydia Maria, Rosaline Cristina Figueiredo e Silva, Thomas Angerer, Mônica de Cássia Oliveira Mendes, and Steffen G. Hagemann. "Iron Isotopes Applied to BIF-Hosted Iron Deposits." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 399–432. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_13.

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AbstractPublished and unpublished iron isotope data from banded iron formations (BIF) and their BIF-hosted hypogene (hydrothermal) iron ores from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (itabirites), Corumbá, and Carajás iron districts in Brazil, as well as from the Hamersley province in Australia are presented and discussed. BIF constitutes a typically thinly bedded or laminated chemical sedimentary rock, with ≥ 15% Fe and layers of chert, chalcedony, jasper, or quartz, whereas itabirite is considered a laminated, metamorphosed iron formation rich in iron oxides, which may contain carbonate minerals, amphiboles, and abundant quartz. For the Paleoproterozoic Quadrilátero Ferrífero district, the range in δ56Fe values of hypogene iron ores is similar to that of the metamorphosed BIFs, and iron isotope variations are better distinguished in different regional deformational domains. Light isotopic compositions dominate in the low deformation domain (δ56Fe = −0.42 ± 0.12 to 0.29 ± 0.04‰), whereas the eastern, high-strain domain is characterized by heavy values (δ56Fe = −0.09 ± 0.08 to 0.37 ± 0.06‰; Mendes et al., Mineral Deposita 52:159–180, 2017). Iron isotope composition for the Neoproterozoic iron formations of the Corumbá region (hematitic, dolomite-rich: −1.83 and −0.83‰; cherty-hematite: δ56Fe −0.49‰) are controlled by: (1) primary seawater signature, (2) microbial activity, and (3) supergene goethite alteration. Hydrothermal alteration is reflected in the oxygen isotope data, but apparently not in the iron isotope fractionation. Iron and oxygen isotope pairing shows that δ56Fe values increase, while δ18O values decrease. In the Archean jaspilites of Carajás, hypogene ores tend to display lighter δ56Fe values than their host BIF counterparts. Also, there is a correlation between coupled iron and oxygen isotope values that is clearer towards lighter isotopic values, especially for δ18O. In the Paleoproterozoic Hamersley deposits, correlation between δ18O and δ56Fe values suggests a direct correlation of both isotope systems during low-grade, greenschist-facies metamorphism. On the other hand, despite the evident shift to negative δ18O values and apparent preservation of the metamorphic δ56Fe signature, iron ore and hydrothermally modified BIF show a correlation between δ18O and δ56Fe values. In contrast, in supergene-modified samples a negative correlation is apparent. The Carajás (+1.24 to + 0.44; one sample − 0.30‰) and Hamersley (+ 1.02 to − 0.29‰) hypogene ores display δ56Fe in a similar interval, reaching positive values, whereas ores from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero show a tendency towards lower values (to − 0.80‰). This review indicates that the application of iron isotopes in exploration is presently limited mainly due to the restricted dataset available for ore samples. Nevertheless, and despite all local differences, there is a general tendency for hypogene ores to display moderately lighter δ56Fe values for all deposits compared to precursor BIF. In contrast, a strong supergene imprint in ore leads to moderately heavier δ56Fe values. As more data become available, and if these trends are confirmed, the use of this tool may be valuable in the future, for instance to decipher the hypogene or supergene origin of specific ore zones, and as a consequence the probable depth extension or interpretation of concealed, deep orebodies.
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Zhang, Mingming. "Economics of Bioprocessing Technologies." In Iron Ores Bioprocessing, 127–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1_6.

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Zhang, Mingming. "Physicochemical and Biological Processes in Iron Ore Bioprocessing." In Iron Ores Bioprocessing, 89–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1_4.

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Zhang, Mingming. "Pilot-Scale Studies, Scaling-Up, and Technology Transfer." In Iron Ores Bioprocessing, 161–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1_9.

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Zhang, Mingming. "Laboratory Research and Techniques." In Iron Ores Bioprocessing, 151–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1_8.

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Zhang, Mingming. "Introduction." In Iron Ores Bioprocessing, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1_1.

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Zhang, Mingming. "Engineering Design and Process Requirements." In Iron Ores Bioprocessing, 111–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1_5.

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Zhang, Mingming. "Microorganisms and Bioprocessing, General." In Iron Ores Bioprocessing, 53–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1_3.

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Zhang, Mingming. "Environmental Considerations." In Iron Ores Bioprocessing, 137–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1_7.

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Zhang, Mingming. "Outstanding Questions and Future Developments." In Iron Ores Bioprocessing, 169–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10102-1_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Iron ores"

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Frasheri, A. "Physical Properties of Chrome Iron Ores and Ultrabasic Rocks." In 61st EAGE Conference and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201408007.

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Asochakova, Evgeniya. "GEOCHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENTARY IRON ORES BAKCHAR DEPOSIT, WESTERN SIBERIA." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b11/s1.024.

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Hredzak, Slavomir. "MINERALOGICAL-CHEMICAL LIMITS OF SLOVAK SPATHIC IRON ORES UPGRADING." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b11/s4.082.

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Kurylo, M., O. Plotnikov, and V. Yefimenko. "Radioecological Monitoring Of Underground Mining Of Rich Iron Ores." In 12th International Conference on Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201803161.

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Harish., H., Harsha Vardhan, M. Govinda Raj, Marutiram Kaza, Rameshwar Sah, Abhishek Sinha, and S. Bharath Kumar. "Investigation of iron ores based on the bond grindability test." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY (PPS-35). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141579.

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Souza Filho, Isnaldi R., Yan Ma, Ankita Mahajan, Ömer K. Büyükuslu, Matic Jovičević-Klug, Dirk Ponge, Hauke Springer, and Dierk Raabe. "SUSTAINABLE IRON PRODUCTION VIA HYDROGEN-BASED REDUCTION AND ELECTROLYSIS OF IRON ORES: BASIC RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES." In 4th EMECR - International Conference on Energy and Material Efficiency and CO2 Reduction in the Steel Industry 2022. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/5463-5463-35037.

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Nakajima, Yasuharu, Joji Yamamoto, Shigeo Kanada, Sotaro Masanobu, Ichihiko Takahashi, Jun Sadaki, Ryosuke Abe, Katsunori Okaya, Seiji Matsuo, and Toyohisa Fujita. "Study on Seafloor Mineral Processing for Mining of Seafloor Massive Sulfides." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83354.

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Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMSs), which were formed by deposition of precipitates from hydrothermal fluids vented from seafloor, has been expected as one of unconventional mineral resources on deep seafloors in the oceans. The authors have proposed the concept of seafloor mineral processing for SMS mining, where valuable minerals contained in SMS ores are separated on seafloor while gangue minerals are disposed on seafloor in appropriate ways. To confirm the applicability of column flotation, which is one of conventional mineral processing methods, to seafloor mineral processing, the authors carried out experiments simulating column flotation under the pressure conditions corresponding to the water depths down to 1000m in maximum using ore samples containing copper, iron, zinc and lead. In the experiments, formation of fine bubbles suitable to flotation and overflow of froth layer were observed at high pressures. The contents of copper and zinc in the concentrates recovered in the experiments at 1MPa were higher than those in the feed ores while the contents of silicon and calcium in the concentrates were lower than those in the feed ores. These results suggest that column flotation would be applicable to seafloor mineral processing.
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Nakajima, Yasuharu, Shotaro Uto, Shigeo Kanada, Joji Yamamoto, Ichihiko Takahashi, Sho Otabe, Jun Sadaki, Katsunori Okaya, Seiji Matsuo, and Toyohisa Fujita. "Concept of Seafloor Mineral Processing for Development of Seafloor Massive Sulfides." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49981.

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Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMS), which were formed by deposition of precipitates from hydrothermal fluids vented from seafloor, is one of unconventional mineral resources beneath deep seafloors in the world. The authors have proposed the concept of seafloor mineral processing for development of SMS, where useful minerals included in SMS ores are separated on seafloor to be lifted while the remaining gangue is disposed on seafloor in appropriate ways. To apply column flotation, one of conventional methods in mineral processing, to seafloor mineral processing, the authors carried out simulating experiments of column flotation on deep seafloor using ores including copper, iron, lead and zinc as metallic elements. Prior to the experiments at high pressures, preparatory experiments at the atmospheric pressure were carried out to find out the optimum condition of the properties of pulp, a mixture of feed ore, water and chemical reagents. In flotation experiments at high pressures, formation and overflow of froth layer by bubbling were observed at 1MPa in both of pulps with pure water and artificial seawater. The analytical data showed that the concentration of metallic elements such as copper and zinc in the concentrates recovered from the experiments was higher than that in the feed ores while the concentration of silicon and calcium, which are assigned to gangue, in the concentrates was lower than that in the feed ores. These results suggest that column flotation can be applied to operation on seafloor.
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Asochakova, Evgeniya. "CLAY MINERALS OF OOLITIC IRON ORES FROM THE BAKCHAR DEPOSIT (WESTERN SIBERIA)." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b13/s4.109.

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Mishra, Stuti, and Deo Raj Kaushal. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Iron Ore Slurry Flow Through Pipeline at Very High Concentration." In The 20th International Conference on Transport and Sedimentation of Solid Particles. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu (WUELS Publishing House)), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30825/4.14-18.2023.

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A slurry pipeline is a specially designed pipeline used to transport the mining tailings and waste of ores like iron or coal over long distances. A commercially tested solution for the transport of iron ore slurry over the farthest distances in a pipeline includes various parametric checks. For the slurry to move, consuming optimal power in the pipe while maintaining the required velocity, it is important to keep some parameters within the desired limits, the most important of which is the pressure drop in the slurry pipeline. Pilot plant loop tests were conducted with iron ore slurry at high concentration (72% by weight or 32.7% by volume). The flow velocities were set in the range of 1.5 m/s to 4 m/s and the pressure drop per unit length was measured for each flow velocity using the U-tube differential manometer installed in the setup. The pressure drop values were also calculated using standard equations available in the literature and deviations up to 221% from experimental values were observed. Alternatively, a CFD model was developed using Ansys Fluent© and validated using the experimental results. This was a first attempt to predict such flows, and further tests are needed to confirm the initial results.
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Reports on the topic "Iron ores"

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Моркун, Володимир Станіславович, Сергій Олексійович Семеріков, and Світлана Миколаївна Грищенко. Methods of Using Geoinformation Technologies in Mining Engineers’ Training. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2652.

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Mining engineers or engineers of mining operations are today engaged in mining iron, nonferrous, rare metals, manganese and uranium ores, coal and other nonmetallic minerals. In the current environment, mining enterprises’ sustainability has become a priority and calls for conducting mining operations according to accepted emission limit values and radiation and environmental safety provisions, among other guidelines. This book highlights the problem of ensuring a future mining engineer’s environmental competence.
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Kuster, K., C. M. Lesher, and M. G. Houlé. Geology and geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic bodies in the Shebandowan mine area, Wawa-Abitibi terrane: implications for Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Cr-(PGE) mineralization, Ontario and Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329394.

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The Shebandowan Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit occurs in the Shebandowan greenstone belt in the Wawa-Abitibi terrane. This deposit is one of a few economic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits in the Superior Province and one of a very few deposits worldwide that contains both Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Cr-(PGE) mineralization. The mafic-ultramafic successions in the area comprise abundant flows and sills of tholeiitic basalt and lesser Al-undepleted komatiite (MgO &amp;gt;18 wt%, Al2O3/TiO2 = 15-25), the latter indicating separation from mantle sources at shallow levels. Siliceous high-Mg basalts (MgO 8-12 wt%, SiO2 &amp;gt; 53 wt%, TiO2 &amp;lt; 1.2 wt%, La/Sm[MN] &amp;lt; 1-2) are relatively abundant in the area and likely represent crustally contaminated komatiites. Ultramafic bodies in the Shebandowan mine area comprise at least three or four komatiitic sills (A-B, C, D) and at least two komatiitic flows (E, F), all of which are altered to serpentinites or talc-carbonate schists with relict igneous chromite and rare relict igneous orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene. Unit A-B contains pentlandite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-magnetite mineralization, occurring as massive sulfides, sulfide breccias, or stringers, and subeconomic chromite mineralization in contorted massive bands varying from a few millimetres up to 10 metres thick. The localization of massive and semi-massive Ni-Cu-(PGE) ores along the margins of Unit A and the paucity of disseminated and net-textured ores suggest tectonic mobilization. Chromite is typically zoned with Cr-Mg-Al-rich (chromite) cores and Fe-rich (ferrichromite/magnetite) rims due to alteration and/or metamorphism, but rarely contains amoeboid magnetite cores. The thickness of chromite in Unit B is too great to have crystallized in cotectic proportion from the komatiitic magma and a model involving dynamic upgrading of magnetite xenoliths derived from interflow oxide facies iron formations is being tested.
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Morkun, Volodymyr, Natalia Morkun, Andrii Pikilnyak, Serhii Semerikov, Oleksandra Serdiuk, and Irina Gaponenko. The Cyber-Physical System for Increasing the Efficiency of the Iron Ore Desliming Process. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4373.

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It is proposed to carry out the spatial effect of high-energy ultrasound dynamic effects with controlled characteristics on the solid phase particles of the ore pulp in the deslimer input product to increase the efficiency of thickening and desliming processes of iron ore beneficiation products. The above allows predicting the characteristics of particle gravitational sedimentation based on an assessment of the spatial dynamics of pulp solid- phase particles under the controlled action of high-energy ultrasound and fuzzy logical inference. The object of study is the assessment of the characteristics and the process of control the operations of thickening and deslaming of iron ore beneficiation products in the conditions of the technological line of the ore beneficiation plant. The subject of study is a cyber-physical system based on the use of high-energy ultrasound radiation pressure effects on iron-containing beneficiation products in the technological processes of thickening and desliming. The working hypothesis of the project is that there is a relationship between the physical-mechanical and chemical-mineralogical characteristics of the iron ore pulp solid- phase particles and their behavior in technological flows under the influence of controlled ultrasonic radiation, based on which the imitation modeling of the gravitational sedimentation process of the iron ore pulp solid-phase particles can be performed directly in the technological process. Also, the optimal control actions concerning the processes of thickening and desliming can be determined.
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Бабець, Євген Костянтинович, Ірина Петрівна Антонік, Ірина Євгенівна Мельникова, and Антон Всеволодович Петрухін. nfluence of Mining and Concentration Works Activity on Land Resources. Petroșani, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3120.

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The research provides assessment of current and longer-term consequences of iron ore open pit mining for land resources of adjacent areas. There are applied methods of analysis of fund materials; comparison of topographic sheets and special maps, visual observation, soil testing, laboratory analyses and statistic processing of data obtained. It is revealed that facilities of iron ore mining and concentration waste accumulation (dumps and tailing ponds) are destructive factors for the local lithosphere, dust chemical contamination being the basic one. The steps aimed at reducing negative impacts of technogenic objects of the mining and raw material complex on the environment are under study.
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Summerfield, D. Australian Resource Reviews: iron ore 2019. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/9781925848670.

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T.C. Eisele. Direct Biohydrometallurgical Extraction of Iron from Ore. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877695.

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Jackson, G. D. Bedrock geology, northwest part of Nuluujaak Mountain, Baffin Island, Nunavut, part of NTS 37-G/5. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314670.

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The map area lies about 40 km northwest of Baffinland's iron mine. Dykes of unit mAnA3 within unit mAnA2 suggest that unit mAnA2 predates unit mAnA3. Unit nAMqf, basal Mary River Group unit, includes regolith material from units mAnA2 and mAnA3. Unit mAnAm may include some dykes of unit nAMb. The Mary River Group was deposited in a volcanic-arc environment, yielding zircon U-Pb ages mostly in the range of 2.88 to 2.72 Ga. Iron-formation (unit nAMi) is approximately 276 m thick locally, with oxide facies (unit nAMio) being most abundant. The quartzite triangle west of 'Iron lake' (unofficial name) may be a small horst. The main east-west-trending synclinal fold, including the area around 'Iron lake' and the no. 4 ore deposit, is upright, nearly isoclinal, and plunges mostly easterly at both ends with small scale anticlines and synclines in the middle. Magnetite constitutes about 75% of high-grade iron deposits in the north limb, whereas hematite predominates in south-limb deposits. K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages indicate middle Paleoproterozoic overprinting. Central Borden Fault Zone was active at ca. 1.27 Ga and during or after Ordovician time. Note: please be aware that the information contained in CGM 408 is based on legacy data from the 1960-1990s and that it has been superseded by regional-scale information contained in CGM 403.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Бєлик, and Юрій Васильович Лихолат. Ecological and Geological Determination of the Initial Pedogenesis on Devastated Lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine). Journ. Geol. Geograph. Geoecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3643.

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In our time, a very urgent problem is the cessation of negative impacts on the environment and the return to the practical use of the territories of devastated lands. In this regard, it is important to find out the basic laws of primary soil formation in the area of these man-made neoplasms. The initial soil formation conditions were analyzed on 19 experimental sites which represent the main varieties of devastated land in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining and Metallurgical District (Central Ukraine): (i) waste rock dumps of old iron mines (old name “Forges”), (ii) tailing storage facility of underground iron mines, (iii) waste rock dumps of the Iron Ore Mining and Dressing Plant, (iv) waste rock dumps of the Granite Quarry Plant. It was established that on the devastated lands in Kryvyi Rih District, the initial soil formation occurs in very difficult conditions. Therefore, over 25- 100 years only very primitive soils were formed. The following features are inherent to them: (1) primitive soil profile (thickness 10-100 mm), (2) low levels of soil organic substance content (9.5-11.5 %), (3) alkaline indicators of the soil solution (pHH2O – 8.08-8.92, pHKCl – 7.42-8.23), (4) low levels of cation exchange capacity (6.34-8.47 mMol /100 g). By results of correlation calculations, among the factors of soil formation time (duration of soil formation) and input of plant ash elements’ fall are characterized by the maximum number of statistically significant correlation coefficients and their numerical values. In terms of chemical composition of the technosol, the values of organic matter content and exchangeable acidity (pHKCl) were the most predictable soil formation factors. Generally physical / chemical characteristics of geological rocks (as parent material) and time were the two most important factors in determining the initial pedogenesis on devastated lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine).
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Silvas, Flavia. Airborne ultrasound application in iron ore reverse flotation – bench studies. ITV, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29223/prod.tec.itv.mi.2021.31.silvas.

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Kawatra, S. K., T. C. Eisele, S. J. Ripke, and G. Ramirez. High-carbon fly-ash as a binder for iron ore pellets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/781805.

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