Journal articles: 'Iron nanoparticles'

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Saleh, Lina, Eman A. Ragab, Heba K. Abdelhakim, Sabrein H. Mohamed, and Zainab Zakaria. "Evaluation of Anticancer Activities of Gallic Acid and Tartaric Acid Vectorized on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." Drug Delivery Letters 10, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303109666190903161313.

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Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. New tactics targeting the survival pathways that provide effective drugs are being developed. Objective: Super paramagnetic nanoparticle serves as drug carrier for drug delivery system. Herein, Iron oxide-CMC-TA and Iron oxide-CMC-GA nanoparticles are synthesized for this target. Methods: Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles are synthesized, bound to carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) which are then conjugated to tartaric acid (TA) or gallic acid (GA) to form Iron oxide-CMC-TA and Iron oxide-CMC-GA nanoparticles. Those nanoparticles were characterized and the cytotoxicity effect was evaluated when associated with/without bee venom to measure the synergistic effect on A549 and WI-38 cell lines. In addition, apoptotic genes expression in A549 was evaluated when treated with both nanoparticles. Results: We showed that the cytotoxicity effect of TA and GA on A549 and WI-38 cell lines was increased when they immobilized on iron oxide-CMC nanoparticles and the effect was synergistically elevated when added to bee venom. The cytotoxic activity of these two nanoparticles was higher in A549 cancer cell line when compared with WI-38 normal cell line. Moreover, the expression of apoptotic genes was elevated. Conclusion: Iron oxide-CMC-TA nanoparticle and Iron oxide-CMC-GA nanoparticle can selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines more than in normal cell lines, which is an important aspect in cancer cell targeting process to minimize damage upon normal cells.

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Nwauzor, J. N., A. J. Ekpunobi, and A. D. Babalola. "Processing and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Produced by Ball Milling Technique." Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2023/v11i1193.

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In this study iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle samples was prepared using mechanical grinding method. The optical properties were studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometer within a range of 200-1100nm. The micro and crystalline size of the nanoparticle were studied using x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compositional analysis was carried out using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Observation of the electrical properties of the nanoparticle was carried out using an electrical four-point probe system. The XRD pattern in the 2θ range from 20 to 700 revealed that iron oxide had a rhombohedral structure. The SEM result showed that the nanoparticles were well dispersed and had a uniform crystalline structure. The EDXS results showed the elemental analysis of the nanoparticles under consideration. Iron oxide nanoparticles had elemental composition of oxygen, iron, titanium and carbon. The atomic and weight concentration of iron was 14.19 and 30.89%. The four-point probe electrical resistivity result shows that iron oxide nanoparticles had a sheet resistance of 9.8x106Ώ/sq. The optical result made it known that iron oxide nanoparticles possessed a high transmittance, also iron oxide nanoparticles displayed a low reflectance and moderate absorbance. Finally, the bandgap energy of Fe2O3 dispersed in ethanol was found to be 2.74 eV. The Band gap of Fe2O3 dispersed in distilled water is 2.98 eV.

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V. G., Viju Kumar, and Ananthu A. Prem. "Green Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Phyllanthus Niruri Extract." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (October 17, 2018): 2583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340547.

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Studies on green synthesis of nanoparticles moves forward a lot on these days. The present work involves the green method of synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticle from Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract. Furthermore, the green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. A characteristic comparison with chemical method of synthesis is also done, for iron nanoparticles. The characterization of nanoparticle includes the IR, UV-Vis, surface morphology and size determination using TEM, SEM, and XRD. The analytical studies revealed that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles from these two different methods have almost identical size and morphology. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial activity against the microbes, E. coli and P. aeroginosa. The studies concluded that the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts is more beneficial as it is an economical, energy efficient, low cost and environment-friendly process than the bio hazardous chemical synthesis. The present investigation may be a definite contribution to green chemistry in general and nano synthesis in particular.

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Góral, Dariusz, Andrzej Marczuk, Małgorzata Góral-Kowalczyk, Iryna Koval, and Dariusz Andrejko. "Application of Iron Nanoparticle-Based Materials in the Food Industry." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020780.

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Due to their different properties compared to other materials, nanoparticles of iron and iron oxides are increasingly used in the food industry. Food technologists have especially paid attention to their ease of separation by magnetic fields and biocompatibility. Unfortunately, the consumption of increasing amounts of nanoparticles has raised concerns about their biotoxicity. Hence, knowledge about the applicability of iron nanoparticle-based materials in the food industry is needed not only among scientists, but also among all individuals who are involved in food production. The first part of this article describes typical methods of obtaining iron nanoparticles using chemical synthesis and so-called green chemistry. The second part of this article describes the use of iron nanoparticles and iron nanoparticle-based materials for active packaging, including the ability to eliminate oxygen and antimicrobial activity. Then, the possibilities of using the magnetic properties of iron nano-oxides for enzyme immobilization, food analysis, protein purification and mycotoxin and histamine removal from food are described. Other described applications of materials based on iron nanoparticles are the production of artificial enzymes, process control, food fortification and preserving food in a supercooled state. The third part of the article analyzes the biocompatibility of iron nanoparticles, their impact on the human body and the safety of their use.

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Abdul Rahim Arifin, Azdiya Suhada, Ismayadi Ismail, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Farah Nabilah Shafiee, Rodziah Nazlan, and Idza Riati Ibrahim. "Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Mill Scale Waste as Potential Scavenging Agent in Dye Wastewater Treatment for Batik Industry." Solid State Phenomena 268 (October 2017): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.268.393.

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In this work, iron oxide were derived from millscale has been used as a potential scavenging agent in wastewater treatment due to its high adsorption capacity and its shorter sedimentation time during wastewater treatment. Iron oxide obtained from the magnetic separation technique was subjected to high energy ball milling (HEBM) at different milling time to produce different size of nanoparticles of iron oxide. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Scanning Trasmission Electron microscopy (STEM) were performed to study the morphological properties of the iron oxide nanoparticles. After HEBM, iron oxide nanoparticles was modified with Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) to study the adsorption possibility of iron oxide nanoparticle modified with CTAB (Iron oxide– CTAB nanoparticles) in dye wastewater. The variation effect of particle size of derived Iron oxide– CTAB were studied. Permanent magnet was used to separate iron oxide nanoparticles from the solution. The clear part of the solution (treated wastewater) was filtered out and adsorption efficiency of Iron oxide– CTAB nanoparticles was measured using UV – Visible spectroscopy. Efficiency adsorption of iron oxide nanoparticles modified with CTAB greatly achieved above 99 % and the size of iron oxide nanoparticles affected its performance in dye wastewater treatment.

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Rathi, C. R., and S. N. Suresh. "Mirabilis jalapa Flower Extract as Therapeutic Agent and Cellular Delivery by Nanoparticles." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1-s (February 15, 2021): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1-s.4549.

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Bio friendly green modest syntheses of nanoparticles are the present research in the extremity of nanotechnology. This study has been undertaken to explore the determinants of iron nanoparticles from 1 mM FeSO4 solution through profuse concentration of aqueous flower extract of Mirabilis jalapa reducing besides immobilizing agent. The attribute of iron nanoparticles was studied by using UV-VIS spectroscopy SEM and XRD. The XRD spectrum of the iron nanoparticles established the presence of elemental copper signal. Green synthesized iron nanoparticle manifests the zone of inhibition against isolated human pathogenic (Streptococcus species, Bacillus species, Staphylococcus species, Klebsiella species and E. coli) bacteria. The analytical chassis contains the flower pigment betalain the natural food dye resources can efficiently use in the production of iron nanoparticle and it could be utilized in various fields in therapeutics and nanotechnology. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Mirabilis jalapa, UV-VIS spectroscopy, SEM- XRD.

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Buarki, F., H. AbuHassan, F. Al Hannan, and F. Z. Henari. "Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers and Their Antibacterial Activity." Journal of Nanotechnology 2022 (March 10, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5474645.

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Iron oxide nanoparticles (α- Fe2O3) were synthesized using an unconventional, eco-friendly technique utilizing a Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower (common name, China rose) extract as a reducer and stabilizer agent. The microwave method was successfully used for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Various volume ratios of iron chloride tetrahydrate to the extract were taken and heated by the microwave oven for different periods to optimize iron oxide nanoparticle production. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized using the ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of α- Fe2O3 nanoparticles (hematite). The average size of iron oxide nanoparticles was found to be 51 nm. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized iron nanoparticles was investigated against different bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles exhibited an inhabitation effect on all studied bacteria.

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Kim, Se-Ho, Ji Yeong Lee, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, and Pyuck-Pa Choi. "Fabrication of Atom Probe Tomography Specimens from Nanoparticles Using a Fusible Bi–In–Sn Alloy as an Embedding Medium." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618015556.

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AbstractWe propose a new method for preparing atom probe tomography specimens from nanoparticles using a fusible bismuth–indium–tin alloy as an embedding medium. Iron nanoparticles synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction method were chosen as a model system. The as-synthesized iron nanoparticles were embedded within the fusible alloy using focused ion beam milling and ion-milled to needle-shaped atom probe specimens under cryogenic conditions. An atom probe analysis revealed boron atoms in a detected iron nanoparticle, indicating that boron from the sodium borohydride reductant was incorporated into the nanoparticle during its synthesis.

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Shalimba, Veikko, and Vít Sopko. "JATROPHA OIL WITH IRON NANOPARTICLES APPLICATION IN DRILLING PROCESSES." Acta Polytechnica 59, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2019.59.0299.

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A performance of heat transfer fluids has a substantial influence on the size, weight and cost of heat transfer systems, therefore, a high-performance heat transfer fluid is very important in many industries. Over the last decades, nanofluids have been developed. According to many researchers and publications on nanofluids, it is evident that nanofluids have a high thermal conductivity. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the change of the workpiece temperature during drilling using Jatropha oil with iron nanoparticles and water with iron nanoparticles as lubricating and cooling fluids. These experiments were carried out with samples of nanofluid with different nanoparticles volume ratio, such as samples JN1, JN5 and JN10 of iron nanoparticles in the base Jatropha oil with a nanoparticle volume fraction of 1 %, 5% and 10% respectively and samples WN1, WN5 and WN10 of iron nanoparticles in the base water with a nanoparticle volume fraction of 1 %, 5% and 10% respectively.

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von der Heyden, Bjorn, Alakendra Roychoudhury, and Satish Myneni. "Iron-Rich Nanoparticles in Natural Aquatic Environments." Minerals 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050287.

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Naturally-occurring iron nanoparticles constitute a quantitatively-important and biogeochemically-active component of the broader Earth ecosystem. Yet detailed insights into their chemical speciation is sparse compared to the body of work conducted on engineered Fe nanoparticles. The present contribution briefly reviews the analytical approaches that can be used to characterize natural Fe nanoparticles, before detailing a dedicated synchrotron-based X-ray spectro-microscopic investigation into the speciation of suspended Fe nanoparticles collected from fluvial, marine, and lacustrine surface waters. Ferrous, ferric and magnetite classes of Fe nanoparticles (10–100 nm) were identified, and all three classes exhibited a high degree of heterogeneity in the local bonding environment around the Fe center. The heterogeneity is attributed to the possible presence of nanoparticle aggregates, and to the low degrees of crystallinity and ubiquitous presence of impurities (Al and organic moieties) in natural samples. This heterogeneity further precludes a spectroscopic distinction between the Fe nanoparticles and the larger sized Fe-rich particles that were evaluated. The presented results provide an important baseline for natural nanoparticle speciation in pristine aquatic systems, highlight the degree of inter-particle variability, which should be parameterized in future accurate biogeochemical models, and may inform predictions of the fate of released engineered Fe nanoparticles as they evolve and transform in natural systems.

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Cruz-Acuña, Melissa, Justin R. Halman, Kirill A. Afonin, Jon Dobson, and Carlos Rinaldi. "Magnetic nanoparticles loaded with functional RNA nanoparticles." Nanoscale 10, no. 37 (2018): 17761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr04254c.

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RNA nanoparticle constructs complexed with polyethylenimine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles are protected from enzymatic degradation and knockdown is amplified by magnetic stimulus in mammalian cells.

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Jin, C., N. Lei, Z. Haiyan, Y. Dawei, and Z. Li. "The magnetic induction heating of graphene coated iron coated iron composite." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 16, no. 3 (July 2021): 863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2021.163.863.

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A graphene -coated iron nanoparticles produced by carbon arc method, which can be used as a new kind of magnetic targeting and heating drug carrier for cancer therapy. It presents an special nanostructure of iron nanoparticles in inner core and nano-graphene shells outside. The inner core has great effect of targeting magnetic heating and its nano-graphene shells have a high drug adsorption ability due to its high surface area. Magnetic induction heating effect of pig liver injected mixed liquids with different concentration graphene coated iron particles in physiological saline indicates that the more quantity of nanoparticles used, the higher temperature it is. Magnetic induction heating effect of the pig liver was compared in the case of filling method and injection method (both were containing 0.3g graphene coated iron nanoparticles). The iron nanoparticle in its inner core has good effect of magnetic induction heating, the temperature can go up to 51 ℃ in the case that graphene coated iron nanoparticles mixed with physiological saline were distributed uniformly in pig liver. And the temperature can go up to 46℃ in the case that graphene-coated iron nanoparticles was injected in a certain section of pig liver. It is obvious that injected one is much better than that of filled, but they are all enough to kill the cancer cells.

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Taha, Ahmed Basim, Mohammed Shaalan Essa, and Bahaa Toama Chiad. "Study the Effect of Reaction Time on Preparation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Technique." Materials Science Forum 1084 (April 13, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-bb26co.

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In this research, a homemade autoclave reactor was used for preparing iron oxide nanoparticles by hydrothermal technique at different reaction times by using ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, and ammonium hydroxide as raw materials. The XRD characterization showed that the nanoparticles of the samples have high crystallinity with the crystal phase of magnetite, furthermore, the crystal phase of hematite appears clearly as the reaction time increased. The SEM results showed when the time of reaction increased the average particle size increased too from 28.1 to 49.2 nm. That means the reaction time is an effective parameter for the nanoparticle's growth, The EDX spectrum verified the confirmation of iron oxide nanoparticles by the appearance of Iron and Oxygen peaks. The FT-IR results showed that all samples have an absorption peak at about 578 cm-1 corresponding to the Fe-O bond stretching modes of the in magnetite and the peak of hematite appeared as the reaction time increased above 2 hours which was confirmed with XRD results. Finally, the reaction time is a powerful tool for controlling in size and phase of nanoparticle preparation. Keywords: Hydrothermal, Iron Oxide, Reaction time, magnetite, and hematite.

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Foster, Shelby L., Katie Estoque, Michael Voecks, Nikki Rentz, and Lauren F. Greenlee. "Removal of Synthetic Azo Dye Using Bimetallic Nickel-Iron Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (March 19, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9807605.

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Bimetallic nanoparticles comprised of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) were investigated for the removal of an azo dye contaminant in water. Morphology (core shell and alloy) and metal molar ratio (Ni2Fe10, Ni5Fe10, and Ni10Fe10) were tested as key nanoparticle properties. The shelf life of the nanoparticles was tested over a 3-week period, and the effect of initial nanoparticle concentration on dye removal was evaluated. The highest initial nanoparticle concentration (1000 mg/L) showed consistent Orange G removal and the greatest extent of dye removal, as compared to the other tested concentrations (i.e., 750 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 250 mg/L) for the same nanoparticle morphology and metal molar ratio. The metal molar ratio significantly affected the performance of the core shell morphology, where overall dye removal was found to be 66%, 89%, and 98% with an increasing molar ratio (Ni2Fe10 → Ni5Fe10 → Ni10Fe10). In contrast, the overall removal of the dye for all molar ratios of the alloy nanoparticles only resulted in a variability of ±0.005%. When stored in water for 3 weeks, core shell nanoparticles lost reactivity with an average>17% loss in removal with each passing week. However, the alloy nanoparticles were able to continually remove Orange G from solution after 3 weeks of storage to ~97% when used at a starting nanoparticle concentration of 1000 mg/L. Overall, the Ni2Fe10, Ni5Fe10, and Ni10Fe10 alloy nanoparticles with a starting nanoparticle concentration of 1000 mg/L resulted in the greatest dye removal of 97%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. Kinetic rate models were used to analyze dye removal rate constants as a function of nanoparticle properties. Kinetic rate models were seen to differ from core shell (first-order kinetics) to alloy morphology (second-order kinetics). Alloy nanoparticles resulted in as high as X kinetic rate constant, and core shell nanoparticles resulted in as high as XX kinetic rate constant. Metal leaching from the nanoparticles was investigated; alloy nanoparticles resulted in leaching of 3% Fe and 5% Ni which is similar to core shell leaching of 3.2% Fe and 4.3% Ni from the Fe10Ni10 nanoparticles.

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Khan, Muhammad Isa, Aliza Zahoor, Tahir Iqbal, Abdul Majid, and Mohsin Ijaz. "Green Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle for Antibacterial Activity: A Review." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 64, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.64.2.2021.202.210.

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Recently, different researchers find nanoparticles as an auspicious alternative to antibacterial agents due to their antibacterial behaviour. This antibacterial behaviour contributes in many biomedical applications including; tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery and, imaging. Furthermore, iron oxide nanoparticle gains much importance due to their magnetic characteristics and wide range of application. Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONPs) have exhibits great potential against bacteria. During the past decade, various routes were developed to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticle with suitable size and composition. This article reviews the recent iron oxide nanoparticle obtained by green synthesis with a focus on their response to antibacterial activities. The iron nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis method has accumulated a vital attention over the last couple of years due to their unique characteristic as it makes sure environmental friendly, nontoxic and safe reagents.

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Fernández-Barahona, Irene, Maria Muñoz-Hernando, and Fernando Herranz. "Microwave-Driven Synthesis of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging." Molecules 24, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071224.

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Here, we present a comprehensive review on the use of microwave chemistry for the synthesis of iron-oxide nanoparticles focused on molecular imaging. We provide a brief introduction on molecular imaging, the applications of iron oxide in biomedicine, and traditional methods for the synthesis of these nanoparticles. The review then focuses on the different examples published where the use of microwaves is key for the production of nanoparticles. We study how the different parameters modulate nanoparticle properties, particularly for imaging applications. Finally, we explore principal applications in imaging of microwave-produced iron-oxide nanoparticles.

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Teng, Xiaowei, and Hong Yang. "Iron Oxide Shell as the Oxidation-Resistant Layer in SmCo5@Fe2O3 Core–Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18035.

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This paper presents a synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles of samarium cobalt alloys and the use of iron oxide as a coating layer to prevent the rapid oxidation of as-made Sm–Co nanoparticles. The colloidal nanoparticles of Sm–Co alloys were made in octyl ether using samarium acetylacetonate and dicobalt octacarbonyl as precursors in a mixture of 1,2-hexadecanediol, oleic acid, and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Such Sm–Co nanoparticle could be readily oxidized by air and formed a CoO antiferromagnetic layer. Exchange biasing was observed for the surface oxidized nanoparticles. In situ thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl was used to create iron oxide shells on the Sm–Co nanoparticles. The iron oxide shell could prevent Sm–Co nanoparticles from rapid oxidation upon the exposure to air at ambient conditions.

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Gloag, Lucy, Milad Mehdipour, Marina Ulanova, Kevin Mariandry, Muhammad Azrhy Nichol, Daniela J. Hernández-Castillo, Jeff Gaudet, et al. "Zero valent iron core–iron oxide shell nanoparticles as small magnetic particle imaging tracers." Chemical Communications 56, no. 24 (2020): 3504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc08972a.

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Fung, K. K., X. X. Zhang, Y. S. Kwok, and Boxiong Qin. "In-Situ Growth and Polygonization of Epitaxial Passive Oxide Films on Nanoparticles of Iron." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 1234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032244.

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Over the years, the study of the oxidation of nanoparticles of iron by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction has established that nanoparticles of iron have a core-shell morphology in which the iron core is enclosed by shell of polycrystalline shell of ultrasmall γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 crystallites. Recently, passivated nanoparticles of iron prepared by gas condensation of plasma evaporated vapor in Tianjin University exhibit remarkable resistance to further oxidation and corrosion in air and water. We have showed by TEM that these nanoparticles of iron are protected by a 4 nm epitaxial shell of γ-Fe2O3. The epitaxial orientation relationship, established by convergent beam electron diffraction from a nanoparticle, is as follows:The [001] diffraction pattern of the oxide is rotated by 45° about a cubic axis relative to that of iron.

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Kumar, Hemant, Shwetank Shashi Pandey, Jitender Kumar, Pramod Kumar, and Balaram Pani. "Recent Designed Simple Synthesis Approaches, Surface Modification Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Biologically Inspired Biocompatible Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2612rjce1540163.

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In biomedical applications, iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) offer several excellent advantages. In biological systems, iron oxide nanoparticles have a non-toxic nature. Iron oxide nanoparticles may be employed in a variety of biological applications since they have magnetic and semiconductor characteristics. In order to get over current limitations, recent research has focused on developing next-generation nanoparticle systems with enhanced surface modifications for internalization and targeting. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have a variety of biological applications, including cell separation, hyperthermia, tissue healing and magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement. This review clarifies how IO NPs are used in many biological applications. According to this review, iron oxide plays a positive function in biological activity because of its simplicity of synthesis, various magnetic behaviors, biocompatibility and biodegradability. When iron oxide nanoparticles are used in a biological way, their size, shape, surface modification, aggregation and electrical properties all have a unique effect. Based on this review work, the IO NPs may be specified for biocompatibility, hyperthermia, drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, tissue repair and magnetofection.

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Amiruddin, Erwin, Amir Awaluddin, Salomo Sinuraya, Heri Hadianto, Muhammad Deri Noferdi, and Ainun Syarifatul Fitri. "Study of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Doped with Manganese for Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2049, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012021.

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Abstract Modification of iron oxide nanoparticles by doping with transition metals has been intensively reported and many applications have been proven. Magnetic and structural properties, and the catalytic activity of undoped and manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles for degradation of methylene blue have been studied. Preparation of undoped and manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles was done by ball milling method using Logas natural sand as raw materials. The magnetic properties of the samples were determined using vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). A detailed analysis of the loop hysteresis reveals a reduction of saturation magnetization of the samples towards higher manganese-doping concentration (wt.%). The reduction in magnetization from 13.25 to 11.67 emu/g and enhanced the coercivity on manganese-doped samples from 224.35 to 352.18 Oe are observed to produce an improvement in the catalytic activity for manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles compared to undoped samples. Catalytic activity of undoped and manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles in the degradation of methylene blue was studied through ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles exhibit better catalytic activity for degrading methylene blue (88.880%) compared to that for undoped iron oxide nanopartices (81.805%) for 300 minutes reaction time.

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Cherednyk, M. I. "Modification of sintered iron properties by Y2O3 nanoparticles." Functional materials 23, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm23.02.249.

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Bica, I., and I. Muscutari. "Obtaining iron and graphite nanoparticles in argon plasma." Revista de Metalurgia 32, no. 5 (October 30, 1996): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1996.v32.i5.894.

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Mohammed, Tawfik Mahmood. "Quantum mechanical investigation of iron nanoparticle and its nanocomposites." University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 23, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2019.n1.a21.

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In this work, the theoretical visual models were constructed for iron nanoparticle and its nanocomposites. These models have been investigated by Hartree-Fock-Roothaan (HFR) method. Molecular orbitals are represented as blend in a linear combination of atomic orbitals of the atoms of the iron nanoparticle and its nanocomposites. It has been used as atomic orbitals whoever ; atomic iron orbitals Fe : 1s-, 2s-, 2px-, 2py-, 2pz-, 3s-, 3px-, 3py-, 3pz-, 3dx2-, 3dy2-, 3dz2-,3dxy-, 3dxz-, 3dyz-, 4s-, 4px-, 4py-, 4pz- and, 1s-, 2s-, 2px-, 2py-, 2pz- are atomic orbitals of Carboon (C) and floure (F), also 1s- atomic orbitals of Hydrogen (H). Besides, Gaussian functions have been used as atomic orbitals. The numerical values of unknown coefficients of the linear combination have been found from the solution of HFR equations. As a result of this calculations, the values of orbital energies, ionization potential, and the total electronic energy of iron nanoparticle and its nanocomposites have been determined . The calculations show that iron nanoparticle and polyvinliden floride + iron8 (PVDF+Fe8) nanocomposite are tough, electrophile, and stable dielectric, and polypropylene + iron8(PP+Fe8 )is tough, nucleophile, and stable semi-conductive material. The effective charge of atoms have been calculated and molecular diagrams of iron nanoparticles and its nanocomposites have been constructed.

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Papagiannis, Ioannis, Mauro S. Innocente, and Evangelos I. Gkanas. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Tunable Sizes by Hydrothermal Method." Materials Science Forum 1053 (February 17, 2022): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0so8ha.

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The present study investigates the effect of different reaction times on the crystallinity, surface morphology and size of iron oxide nanoparticles. In this synthetic system, aqueous iron (III) nitrate (Fe (NO3)3·9H2O) nonahydrate, provided the iron source and triethylamine was the precipitant and alkaline agent. The as-synthesised iron oxide nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Prolonged reaction times indicated the change on nanoparticle shape from elongated nanorods to finally distorted nanocubes. Analysis on the crystallinity of the iron oxide nanoparticles suggest that the samples mainly consist of two phases, which are Goethite (α-FeOOH) and Hematite (α-Fe2O3) respectively.

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Archana S. "A Comparative Study of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Surface Modified Using Carboxylic Acids." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.1.13.

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In the last decade nanotechnology has greatly developed in many research fields such as engineering, electronic, biological and many others. They can offer several possibilities to design tools, to create new techniques or improve the already existing ones, to discover innovative applications. Nano-science is one of the most important research and development frontiers in modern science. Nanotechnology is now widely used throughout the pharmaceutical industry, medicine, electronics, robotics, and tissue engineering. For biological and biomedical applications, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are the primary choice because of their biocompatibility, super-paramagnetic behavior and chemical stability. The purpose of this work is the design, development and surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles. Naked iron oxide nanoparticles have high chemical activity, toxicity and aggregate in the body fluid therefore providing surface coating for the stability of the magnetic nanoparticles. These protective shells not only stabilize the magnetic iron nanoparticles but also can be used for further functionalization. Here the iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method, then this nanoparticle is modified using acids- oleic acid and succinic acid and a comparative study is carried out. The TEM, FTIR and DSC characterization techniques were used to confirm the surface modification. After which, it was found the iron oxide nanoparticle with succinic acid gives a uniform coating of the three and can be used for further functionalization for various applications.

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Kanagesan, S., M. Hashim, S. Tamilselvan, N. B. Alitheen, I. Ismail, A. Hajalilou, and K. Ahsanul. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/710432.

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In order to study the response of human breast cancer cells' exposure to nanoparticle, iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple low temperature combustion method using Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as raw material. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that the resultant powders are pureα-Fe2O3. Transmission electron microscopy study revealed the spherical shape of the primary particles, and the size of the iron oxide nanoparticles is in the range of 19 nm. The magnetic hysteresis loops demonstrated that the sample exposed ferromagnetic behaviors with a relatively low coercivity. The cytotoxicity ofα-Fe2O3nanoparticle was also evaluated on human breast cancer cells to address the current deficient knowledge of cellular response to nanoparticle exposure.

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Yue, Changsheng, Huili Du, Yan Li, Naiyi Yin, Ben Peng, and Yanshan Cui. "Stabilization of Soil Arsenic with Iron and Nano-Iron Materials: A Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18476.

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Soil arsenic (As) contamination is an important environmental problem, and chemical stabilization is one of the major techniques used to remediate soil As contamination. Iron and iron nanoparticle materials are widely used for soil As stabilization because they have one or more of the following advantages: high adsorption capacity, high reduction capacity, cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness. Therefore, this review introduces the stabilization of soil As with iron and iron nanoparticles, including zero-valent iron, iron oxides/hydroxides, some iron salts and Fe-based binary oxides and the nanoparticles of these iron materials. The mechanism of chemical soil As stabilization, which involves adsorption and the coprecipitation process, is discussed. The factors affecting the chemical stabilization process are presented, and challenges to overcome in the future are also discussed in this review.

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Shiyan, Ludmila N., Ksenia I. Machekhina, Elena A. Tropina, Elena N. Gryaznova, and Vladimir V. An. "Effect of Humic Substances and Silicon Ions on Stability of Iron Hydroxide (III) Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 872 (December 2013): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.872.237.

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The paper reports on experimental modeling of the colloid system composition in natural groundwater. It is shown that the stability of iron hydroxide nanoparticles relates to the presence of silica and humic substances. It was found out the molar ratio of iron/silicon/organic substance is equal to 1/7/2, where stable iron (III) hydroxide nanoparticles form. The iron hydroxide nanoparticle size ranging from 30 to 600 nm was determined. It characterizes the steady state of the colloidal system.

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Ahmed, Hussein M., Neama Ahmed Sobhy, Mohamed A. El-Khateeb, Mohammed M. Hefny, and Fatehy M. Abdel-Haleem. "Preparation and Characterization of Iron Nanoparticles by Green Synthesis Method and its Application in Water Treatment." Solid State Phenomena 342 (May 25, 2023): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-r1vxsa.

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The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles by green synthesis method have been widely favored because of highly bio-degradable, ecofriendly, environmentally, low toxicity and highly reactive surfaces. The aim of this study, the magnetite iron nanoparticles (Fe/NPs) were preparing by waste natural materials such as banana, orange, and pomegranate peels, that’s consider as reducing agent. In this study, evaluate of the magnetite nanoparticles for removal of pollutants from wastewater, and determined of efficiency, yield, size, shape and morphology of the synthesized iron nanoparticle. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Energy disperse X-ray (EDX), and UV spectroscopy (UV-vis). The characterization of synthesized magnetite NPs was also done through-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Energy disperses X-ray (EDX), and UV spectroscopy (UV-vis). The FT-IR spectra confirmed the association of biological molecules from waste materials. The EDX and XRD data presented the elemental configuration matched with the iron element. Finally, the synthesized iron nanoparticles with pomegranate more efficiency than banana, and orange for removal of pollutants from wastewater.

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Krishnan, Suresh Kumar, Kavitha Subbiah, Vani Chandrapragasam, and Kalidass Subramanian. "Comparison of membrane immobilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles for RED ME4BL azodye degradation." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 15, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i2.4253.

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Textile industries are hailed as one of the major environmental polluters in the world, owing to their release of undesirable dye effluents. Synthetic dyes do not adhere to fabric firmly and are released into the aquatic ecosystem as effluent. Consequently, the consistent release of wastewater from numerous textile industries without previous treatment has detrimental effects on the ecosystem and human health. Treatment methods currently being used fail to degrade the dye effluents and have their own shortcomings. Immobilized nanoparticles have been extensively studied for dye remediation because of their many advantages over conventional methods. The present study aimed to compare the efficiency of two different carrier matrices [namely Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Polyurethane] for iron nanoparticle and their decolorization activity on an azo dye (RED ME4BL). Scanning Electron Microscopy was carried out to show the deposition of iron nanoparticles on the membrane. The reaction kinetics of the bare nanoparticles were compared with that of the immobilized nanoparticles, and all were found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. Polyurethane immobilized iron nanoparticles showed a significant degradation of RED ME4bl than the Poly(vinylidene fluoride) immobilized iron and bare nanoparticles. This paper also demonstrates a relatively newer method for nanoparticle immobilisation using the synthetic polyurethane form.

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Chen, Jin, Hai Yan Zhang, and Li Ping Li. "The Targeting Magnetic Induction Heating of Nano-Carbon Iron Composite." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 1284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.1284.

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A nano-carbon and iron composite--carbon coated iron nanoparticles produced by carbon arc method can be used as a new kind of magnetic targeting and heating drug carrier for cancer therapy. It presents an special nanostructure of iron nanoparticles in inner core and nano-carbon shells outside. The nano-carbon shells have a high drug adsorption ability because of its high surface area and its inner core has great effect of targeting magnetic heating. Magnetic induction heating effect of pig liver injected mixed liquids with different concentration carbon coated iron particles in physiological saline indicates that the more quantity of nanoparticles used, the higher temperature it is. Magnetic induction heating effect of the pig liver was compared in the case of filling method and injection method (both were containing 0.3g carbon coated iron nanoparticles). The iron nanoparticle in its inner core has good effect of magnetic induction heating, the temperature can go up to 51 °C in the case that carbon coated iron nanoparticles mixed with physiological saline were distributed uniformly in pig liver. And the temperature can go up to 46°C in the case that carbon-coated iron nanoparticles was injected in a certain section of pig liver. It is obvious that injected one is much better than that of filled, but they are all enough to kill the cancer cells.

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Dlamini, Nkosinathi G., Albertus K. Basson, and Rajasekhar V. S. R. Pullabhotla. "Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles by a Polysaccharide Bioflocculant from Marine Alcaligenes faecalis HCB2 and Characterization." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2637.

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Iron, the most ubiquitous of the transition metals and the fourth most plentiful metal in the Earth’s crust, is the structural backbone of our modern infrastructure. It is therefore ironic that as a nanoparticle, iron has been somewhat neglected in favour of its own oxides as well as other metals such as cobalt, nickel, gold, and platinum. This study reports the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using a bioflocculant and their characterization. The as-synthesised materials were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Spherical morphology was observed for the as-synthesised iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) and elemental analysis indicated iron with 17.31%. XRD studies revealed the broader peaks at 24°, 29°, 30°, and 35° 2θ for the as-synthesised iron nanoparticles indicating the nano sized particles. FT-IR spectra showed the bands at 3154 cm-1 (bioflocculant) and 3244 cm-1 (iron nanoparticles) representing the presence of hydroxyl (–OH) and amine (–NH2) functional groups.

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Shawuti, Shalima, Chasan Bairam, Ahmet Beyatlı, İshak Afşin Kariper, Isık Neslişah Korkut, Zerrin Aktaş, Mustafa Oral Öncül, and Serap Erdem Kuruca. "Green synthesis and characterization of silver and iron nanoparticles using Nerium oleander extracts and their antibacterial and anticancer activities." Plant Introduction 91-92 (November 28, 2021): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46341/pi2021010.

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Medicinal plants can be used as reducing agents in the preparation of metal nanoparticles by green synthesis because of the chemotherapeutic and anti-infectious properties of natural compounds. Therefore, this paper reports the green synthesis of silver and iron nanoparticles from leaf and flower extracts of Nerium oleander and their capacity as anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Nanoparticle manufacturing and structural characterization of silver and iron nanoparticles are reported. The formation of nanoparticles is characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Nanoparticles formation was also investigated the surface charge, particle size, and distribution using zeta sizer analysis by DLS. Green synthesis of silver and iron nanoparticles using N. oleander showed different levels of selective cytotoxicity against K562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia cells) in low concentrations and were not cytotoxic to the HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) in the same concentrations. Silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against multidrug pathogens, while iron nanoparticles failed to show such activity. Results of the present research demonstrate the potential use of green synthesized nanoparticles in various biomedicine and pharmaceuticals fields in the future.

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Gandhi, Suchi N., Surendra Agrawal, Saraswathy Nagendran, and Pravina Gurjar. "Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Tuning to Advanced Nano Drug Delivery." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 10, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666190618112412.

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Background: Delivery of drugs in the form of nanoparticles offers several advantages that outweigh the benefits offered by other drug delivery systems. Iron oxide nanoparticles being part of nano drug delivery system tend to offer supremacy over others by providing prominent characteristics that include high superamagnetism property along with the greater surface area that can be easily modified. Also, it helps achieve site-specific drug delivery which helps in solving the complications and issues related with desired bioavailability and further aids the process of killing cancerous cells. The distinctive features and flexible pathways by which such nanoparticles can be prepared have allowed its widespread usage in various fields. Objective: The main objective of this review is to summarize various methods of preparation, modifications by coating iron oxide surface for easy surface functionalization along with several industrial applications of iron oxide nanoparticles. Methods: The method involved the collection of the articles from different search engines like Google, Pubmed and ScienceDirect for the literature in order to get appropriate information regarding iron oxide nanoparticles. Results: Studies revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles have gained attention all over the world and has led to the development of various approaches for treating medical conditions. Iron oxide nanoparticles due to the advantages that it offers are utilized in various industries including biomedical, farming and aerospace industry and fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles is possible through various ways including methods like co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, sol-gel, hydrothermal to name a few. Further, usage of coating an iron oxide nanoparticle and using biocompatible polymers tend to enlighten the scientific research. Conclusion: Iron oxide nanoparticles proved to be an efficient drug delivery to serve medical needs. The simple techniques of manufacturing with the additional strategy of modifications have led to more advances in the field of nanotechnology.

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Rajendran, Sorna Prema, and Kandasamy Sengodan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Sesbania grandiflora Leaf Extract as Reducing Agent." Journal of Nanoscience 2017 (January 3, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8348507.

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The objectives of this present study are to synthesize iron oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles from different concentrations of Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract (5–20%) using zinc nitrate and ferrous chloride as precursor materials and synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectrometer, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and SEM. The results showed that synthesized zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited UV-visible absorption peaks at 235 nm and 220 nm, respectively, which indicated that both nanoparticles were photosensitive and the XRD study confirmed that both nanoparticles were crystalline in nature. In addition, FTIR was also used to analyze the various functional groups present in the synthesized nanoparticles. The SEM results reveal that zinc oxide nanoparticles were spherical in shape and having the particle size range of 15 to 35 nm whereas the iron oxide nanoparticles were nonspherical in shape with the size range of 25 to 60 nm. Application of synthesized nanoparticle on seafood effluent treatment was studied.

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Chao, Shi Mian, Teen Hang Meen, Wen Ray Chen, Kuen Hsien Wu, Yu Sung Liu, Wen Cheng Tzou, and Chien Jung Huang. "Synthesis of Fe-Core/Au-Shell Nanoparticles under Ambient Pressure." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.799.

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Pure metal iron nanoparticles are unstable in the air. By a coating iron on nanoparticle surface with gold, these air-stable nanoparticles are protected from the oxidation and retain most of the favorable magnetic properties. However, it is difficult to prepare Fe-core/Au-shell (Fe@Au) nanoparticles under ambient pressure because iron nanoparticles are very easily to be oxidized in the air. In this study, we synthesized Fe@Au nanoparticles by modified reverse micelle method under ambient pressure and investigated them by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the pattern of iron is hidden under the pattern of gold. TEM image reveals that the core-shell structure is obviously observed and the average size of Fe@Au nanoparticles is about 12 nm, with about 8 nm diameter core and 2 nm shell. The absorption band of the Fe@Au nanoparticles shifts to a longer wavelength and broadens relative to that of the pure gold. The magnetic susceptibility of Fe@Au nanoparticles is measured with a SQUID magnetometer and found to be superparamagnetic with a blocking temperature Tb ~25 K.

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J. Manikandan, P. Rajesh, and S.V.K. Selvakumar. "Effect of pH and Dye Concentration on the Photocatalytic Efficiency of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized via Greener Route using Commiphora berryi and its Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2022.03.221448.

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Green synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles is extremely developing methodology because of its bio compatibility nature. In the present work, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized by simple Co-precipitation method with the use of Commiphora berryi plant exudates. The formed iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM techniques. Photocatalytic activity of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles was determined against Methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous medium. Iron oxide nanoparticles acted as a photocatalyst and decompose the dye under solar irradiation. Results show that 73 % of degradation efficiency was attained after 150 minutes with a nanoparticle dosage 0.5 mg/L which makes the IONPs as potential applicant for various effluent treatment methods. Further the results indicate that the efficiency increases with increasing pH and decrease with increasing the MB dye dosage. Antimicrobial activity of IONPS was studied against E.coli and S. aureus. IONPs show excellent antibacterial activity for both the organisms; with 16.5 mm and 16.75 mm zone of inhibition respectively for E.coli and S. aureus.

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Prestianni, Lucas, Eric R. Espinal, Sarah F. Hathcock, Nadine Vollmuth, Pixiang Wang, Robert A. Holler, Shaoyang Liu, Brandon J. Kim, and Yuping Bao. "Synthesis and Characterization of Quercetin–Iron Complex Nanoparticles for Overcoming Drug Resistance." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041041.

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Quercetin, one of the major natural flavonoids, has demonstrated great pharmacological potential as an antioxidant and in overcoming drug resistance. However, its low aqueous solubility and poor stability limit its potential applications. Previous studies suggest that the formation of quercetin-metal complexes could increase quercetin stability and biological activity. In this paper, we systematically investigated the formation of quercetin-iron complex nanoparticles by varying the ligand-to-metal ratios with the goal of increasing the aqueous solubility and stability of quercetin. It was found that quercetin-iron complex nanoparticles could be reproducibly synthesized with several ligand-to-iron ratios at room temperature. The UV-Vis spectra of the nanoparticles indicated that nanoparticle formation greatly increased the stability and solubility of quercetin. Compared to free quercetin, the quercetin-iron complex nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antioxidant activities and elongated effects. Our preliminary cellular evaluation suggests that these nanoparticles had minimal cytotoxicity and could effectively block the efflux pump of cells, indicating their potential for cancer treatment.

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Neumaier, Carlo Emanuele, Gabriella Baio, Silvano Ferrini, Giorgio Corte, and Antonio Daga. "MR and Iron Magnetic Nanoparticles. Imaging Opportunities in Preclinical and Translational Research." Tumori Journal 94, no. 2 (March 2008): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160809400215.

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Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic resonance imaging provide a non-invasive method to detect and label tumor cells. These nanoparticles exhibit unique properties of superparamagnetism and can be utilized as excellent probes for magnetic resonance imaging. Most work has been performed using a magnetic resonance scanner with high field strength up to 7 T. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles may represent a suitable tool for labeling molecular probes that target specific tumor-associated markers for in vitro and in vivo detection by magnetic resonance imaging. In our study, we demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T allows the detection of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle conjugated antibody specifically bound to human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and that the magnetic resonance signal intensity correlates with the concentration of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle antibody used and with the antigen density at the cell surface. The experiments were performed using two different means of targeting: direct and indirect magnetic tumor targeting. The imaging of tumor antigens using immunospecific contrast agents is a rapidly evolving field, which can potentially aid in early disease detection, monitoring of treatment efficacy, and drug development. Cell labeling by iron oxide nanoparticles has emerged as a potentially powerful tool to monitor trafficking of a large number of cells in the cell therapy field. We also studied the labeling of natural killer cells with iron nanoparticles to a level that would allow the detection of their signal intensity with a clinical magnetic resonance scanner at 1.5 T. Magnetic resonance imaging and iron magnetic nanoparticles are able to increase the accuracy and the specificity of imaging and represent new imaging opportunities in preclinical and translational research.

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Iacob, Mihail, Carmen Racles, Codrin Tugui, George Stiubianu, Adrian Bele, Liviu Sacarescu, Daniel Timpu, and Maria Cazacu. "From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (December 28, 2016): 2074–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.198.

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Various types, shapes and sizes of iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained depending on the nature of the precursor, preparation method and reaction conditions. The mixed valence trinuclear iron acetate, [Fe2 IIIFeIIO(CH3COO)6(H2O)3]·2H2O (FeAc1), μ3-oxo trinuclear iron(III) acetate, [Fe3O(CH3COO)6(H2O)3]NO3∙4H2O (FeAc2), iron furoate, [Fe3O(C4H3OCOO)6(CH3OH)3]NO3∙2CH3OH (FeF), iron chromium furoate, FeCr2O(C4H3OCOO)6(CH3OH)3]NO3∙2CH3OH (FeCrF), and an iron complex with an original macromolecular ligand (FePAZ) were used as precursors for the corresponding oxide nanoparticles. Five series of nanoparticle samples were prepared employing either a classical thermal pathway (i.e., thermal decomposition in solution, solvothermal method, dry thermal decomposition/calcination) or using a nonconventional energy source (i.e., microwave or ultrasonic treatment) to convert precursors into iron oxides. The resulting materials were structurally characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies, as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The parameters were varied within each route to fine tune the size and shape of the formed nanoparticles.

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Chow, James C. L., and Sama Jubran. "Depth Dose Enhancement in Orthovoltage Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy: A Monte Carlo Phantom Study." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (June 10, 2023): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061230.

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Background: This study was to examine the depth dose enhancement in orthovoltage nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy for skin treatment by investigating the impact of various photon beam energies, nanoparticle materials, and nanoparticle concentrations. Methods: A water phantom was utilized, and different nanoparticle materials (gold, platinum, iodine, silver, iron oxide) were added to determine the depth doses through Monte Carlo simulation. The clinical 105 kVp and 220 kVp photon beams were used to compute the depth doses of the phantom at different nanoparticle concentrations (ranging from 3 mg/mL to 40 mg/mL). The dose enhancement ratio (DER), which represents the ratio of the dose with nanoparticles to the dose without nanoparticles at the same depth in the phantom, was calculated to determine the dose enhancement. Results: The study found that gold nanoparticles outperformed the other nanoparticle materials, with a maximum DER value of 3.77 at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. Iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited the lowest DER value, equal to 1, when compared to other nanoparticles. Additionally, the DER value increased with higher nanoparticle concentrations and lower photon beam energy. Conclusions: It is concluded in this study that gold nanoparticles are the most effective in enhancing the depth dose in orthovoltage nanoparticle-enhanced skin therapy. Furthermore, the results suggest that increasing nanoparticle concentration and decreasing photon beam energy lead to increased dose enhancement.

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Matschegewski, Claudia, Anja Kowalski, Knut Müller, Henrik Teller, Niels Grabow, Swen Großmann, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, and Stefan Siewert. "Biocompatibility of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0144.

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AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles are highly promising for the usage in various biomedical applications including magnetic particle imaging (MPI), cancer hyperthermia treatment or as drug carriers. The present study aims at assessing in vitro biocompatibility of two commercially available magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle formulations: dextran-based magnetic nanoparticle synomag-D and bionized nanoferrite BNF-starch. Biological performance of both nanoparticle formulations were studied in human endothelial cells by analyzing cell viability and nanoparticle internalization in order to judge their suitability as theranostics.

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Stavarache, Carmen, Mircea Vinatoru, Timothy Mason, and Larysa Paniwnyk. "The Effects of Magnetic Nanoparticles Incorporated in Polyelectrolyte Capsules." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.4.4914.

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Polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules are synthesized comprising of 12 total layers each containing a single layer of iron oxide nanoparticles in shells 4, 6, 8 or 10. A protein-labelled dye is embedded in the calcium carbonate template core as a model for the encapsulation of a drug. The core is dissolved after 6 layers are formed. Two types of magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated into various capsule shells: ferric oxide (Fe2O3, 50 nm) and iron oxide (Fe3O4, 15 nm), a 1:1 (vol.) mixture of the two types of nanoparticles suspensions is also used. Nanoparticle inclusion reduces the capsule sizes in all cases with the order of effect Fe3O4 [ Fe2O3 [ Fe2O3/Fe3O4 mixture. When Fe3O4 or a Fe2O3/Fe3O4 mixture is incorporated in layer 6 the reduction in size of the final capsules is less than expected. The number of surviving capsules containing nanoparticles are lower than control regardless of which of the nanoparticles is used but here the effect of Fe3O4 or a mixture of the two types of nanoparticles incorporated in layer 6 was slightly out of step. The amount of iron incorporated is almost the same regardless of which shell the nanoparticles were incorporated but the iron content using 50 nm nanoparticles is generally slightly higher than that obtained with 15 nm nanoparticles.

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Rahmayanti, Rika, and Sudiati Sudiati. "Synthesis of MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles as a Basic Material for Microwave Absorber." Journal of Technomaterial Physics 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v4i2.7870.

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This work aimed to synthesize MnFe2O4 nanoparticles using the coprecipitation method. Manganese chloride dihydrate (MnCl2.4H2O) and iron sand from South Cianjur, Indonesia, were used as a precursor for MnFe2O4 nanoparticle synthesis. The iron sand elements and compounds were tested using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). MnFe2O4 nanoparticle was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The X-Ray Fluorescence test result showed that 70.54% of South Cianjur contained iron sand. The SEM test result showed that the nanoparticles have an average size of 73.75 nm with a round shape, which was attributed to the agglomeration process. The EDX test result showed that the synthesized nanoparticle contained only Mn, Fe, and O elements without contaminants. The XRD test result showed that the crystal phase of MnFe2O4 was formed with a crystal size of less than 27 nm. The largest reflection losses in the 11.5 - 12.5 GHz range were found in MnFe2O4 with 1:2 variation, i.e., 35.08 dB. This study found that adding iron sand increases MnFe2O4 microwave absorption.

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Chekman, I. S. "Pharmacological Properties of Metal (Silver, Copper, and Iron) Nanoparticles." Science and innovation 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine11.01.067.

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Tarafdar, Jagadish Chandra, and Ramesh Raliya. "Rapid, Low-Cost, and Ecofriendly Approach for Iron Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Aspergillus oryzae TFR9." Journal of Nanoparticles 2013 (March 24, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/141274.

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Development of reliable and ecofriendly green approach for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles biologically is an important step in the field of application of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The present paper reports the green approach for iron nanoparticle synthesis using Aspergillus oryzae TFR9 using FeCl3 as a precursor metal salt. Valid characterization techniques employed for biosynthesized iron nanoparticles including dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) for morphological study. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum confirmed the presence of elemental iron signal in high percentage. Apart from ecofriendliness and easy availability, low-cost biomass production will be more advantageous when compared to other chemical methods. Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles using fungus has greater commercial viability that it may be used in agriculture, biomedicals and engineering sector.

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Li, Boya, Aihua Xiong, Xiaotong Yang, Qiong Yang, and Jing Liu. "Efficient Synthesis of Water-Soluble Magnetic Nanoparticles and Its Application in MRI in the Detection of Intracranial Aneurysm." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4108.

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Magnetic nanoparticles were used in medical images, which could further improve image clarity, while watersoluble nanoparticles put forward more new requirements for the biocompatibility of nanoparticles. This research adopted a simple and novel method to prepare water-soluble iron oxide nanoparticles. First, transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to analyze the size distribution of the prepared product; X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to test the crystal structure of the prepared sample; the fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum was introduced to analyze the structural properties of the nanoparticles; the nanoparticle aqueous solutions of different concentrations were designed, and the impact of water-soluble nanoparticles on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was examined with the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. At the same time, the prepared water-soluble nanoparticle solution was used for high-resolution tumor wall imaging of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA) to compare the imaging effect of the aneurysm wall before and after the introduction of nanoparticles. In the material characterization test of nanoparticles, the prepared samples did not have certain iron oxide characteristic peaks, which means the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles did not have a fixed crystal morphology. The samples tested by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) also contained Fe, O, C and Na. The average particle size was 5.8 nm. It was found under high-resolution TEM that the particle mirror spacing was 0.48 nm, which was consistent with the 111-crystal plane of Fe3O4; The magnetic hysteresis loop test confirmed that when the concentration of nanoparticles increased, the solution would form a magnetic fluid. When the concentration of aqueous solution of nanoparticles increased, the corresponding MRI signal would be significantly enhanced. It was used in the MR scan of patients with unruptured IA. Nanoparticle solution could increase the visibility of the aneurysm, and the image quality of the aneurysm wall could be significantly enhanced.

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Ziogas, Panagiotis, Athanasios B. Bourlinos, Jiri Tucek, Ondrej Malina, and Alexios P. Douvalis. "Novel Magnetic Nanohybrids: From Iron Oxide to Iron Carbide Nanoparticles Grown on Nanodiamonds." Magnetochemistry 6, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6040073.

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The synthesis and characterization of a new line of magnetic hybrid nanostructured materials composed of spinel-type iron oxide to iron carbide nanoparticles grown on nanodiamond nanotemplates is reported in this study. The realization of these nanohybrid structures is achieved through thermal processing under vacuum at different annealing temperatures of a chemical precursor, in which very fine maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles seeds were developed on the surface of the nanodiamond nanotemplates. It is seen that low annealing temperatures induce the growth of the maghemite nanoparticle seeds to fine dispersed spinel-type non-stoichiometric ~5 nm magnetite (Fe3−xO4) nanoparticles, while intermediate annealing temperatures lead to the formation of single phase ~10 nm cementite (Fe3C) iron carbide nanoparticles. Higher annealing temperatures produce a mixture of larger Fe3C and Fe5C2 iron carbides, triggering simultaneously the growth of large-sized carbon nanotubes partially filled with these carbides. The magnetic features of the synthesized hybrid nanomaterials reveal the properties of their bearing magnetic phases, which span from superparamagnetic to soft and hard ferromagnetic and reflect the intrinsic magnetic properties of the containing phases, as well as their size and interconnection, dictated by the morphology and nature of the nanodiamond nanotemplates. These nanohybrids are proposed as potential candidates for important technological applications in nano-biomedicine and catalysis, while their synthetic route could be further tuned for development of new magnetic nanohybrid materials.

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Mostefe Khalid Mohammed and Abdulqadier Hussien Al khazraji. "Synthesis and Characterization of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Using the Precipitation and Eco-Friendly Methods." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 13, no. 4 (October 25, 2022): 782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.04.104.

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Iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were fabricated by chemical precipitation and Eco-Friendly routes, using Capparis Spinosa leaves extract, sodium hydroxide and iron sulphate heptahydrous. The calcination temperature for α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was at 600 °C. All prepared samples were investigated using different physical methods such as XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX and DLS. The XRD analysis confirmed that all the prepared nanoparticles consist only hematite phase with the size of 31.95 nm and 26.92 nm for chemical precipitation and Eco-Friendly method respectively. The α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the FESEM image showed a spherical nanoparticle structure. The EDX results presented the elements content (Fe = 64.3, O= 24.6) by green synthesis and (Fe = 66.3, O= 29.3) through chemical method. The distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles prepared via the Eco-Friendly method was greater as compared to the chemical precipitation method according to DLS analysis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Iron nanoparticles'

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