Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iron Metallurgy

Academic literature on the topic 'Iron Metallurgy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Iron Metallurgy"

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Gallino, Isabella, and Ralf Busch. "Metallurgy Beyond Iron." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 26, no. 3 (2009): iii—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as08073.

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AbstractMetallurgy is one of the oldest sciences. Its history can be traced back to 6000 BCE with the discovery of Gold, and each new discovery — Copper, Silver, Lead, Tin, Iron and Mercury — marked the beginning of a new era of civilization. Currently there are 86 known metals, but until the end of the 17th century, only 12 of these were known. Steel (Fe–C alloy) was discovered in the 11th century BCE; however, it took until 1709 CE before we mastered the smelting of pig-iron by using coke instead of charcoal and started the industrial revolution. The metallurgy of nowadays is mainly about discovering better materials with superior properties to fulfil the increasing demand of the global market. Promising are the Glassy Metals or Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs) — discovered at first in the late 50s at the California Institute of Technology — which are several times stronger than the best industrial steels and 10-times springier. The unusual structure that lacks crystalline grains makes BMGs so promising. They have a liquid-like structure that means they melt at lower temperatures, can be moulded nearly as easily as plastics, and can be shaped into features just 10 nm across. The best BMG formers are based on Zr, Pd, Pt, Ca, Au and, recently discovered, also Fe. They have typically three to five components with large atomic size mismatch and a composition close to a deep eutectic. Packing in such liquids is very dense, with a low content of free volume, resulting in viscosities that are several orders of magnitude higher than in pure metal melts.
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Yalçın, Ünsal. "Early iron metallurgy in Anatolia." Anatolian Studies 49 (December 1999): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643073.

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The beginning of the Iron Age is generally dated to the last quarter of the second millennium BC in Anatolia and the Near East. The development of iron metallurgy allowed many tools and weapons to be produced in this period. The earliest iron finds, which are not more than a dozen, occur in the third millennium BC in Anatolia (Waldbaum 1980 discusses these early finds). Considering that pure iron occurs rarely in nature, the most important question is: what were these objects made of? Preliminary analyses of a few Bronze Age finds show that some of them contain nickel. Because of this it is generally accepted and frequently cited that these finds were made of meteoric iron.
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Feng, Xuehua, Ali Tao, and Zurong Song. "Construction and Performance Research of Reinforced Iron-Based Powder Metallurgy Materials Based on Phyllanthin as Drug Transport Carriers." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 29, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8528074.

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Iron-based powder metallurgy materials are the largest type of powder metallurgy materials, mainly used in structural parts, bearings, and friction materials. Iron-based powder metallurgy materials have a series of advantages such as low cost, good machinability, good weldability, and heat treatment. In recent years, the enhanced iron-based powder metallurgy materials based on lavender elements have become a hot spot in the development of material transportation carriers. In order to study the effects of different hot pressing and sintering temperatures on the density, microstructure, and hardness of the enhanced iron-based powders of caladium, we conducted related studies on the structure core properties of the enhanced iron-based powders of caladium to explore whether it can be used as a drug transport carrier. The research results show that hot pressing sintering can make the powder achieve high densification at lower temperature and shorter cycle, especially in the preparation of difficult-to-form and sintered powder metallurgy materials with unique advantages.
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Napierała, Mateusz. "Wykorzystanie żelaza w starożytnym Egipcie do początku okresu późnego." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 27 (December 29, 2022): 131–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2022.27.07.

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The purpose of this article is to present the use of iron in ancient Egypt up to the beginning of the Late Period. The presentation of the development of metallurgy of this metal will be possible through the analysis of the preserved objects and their fragments, which show the subsequent stages of learning about the new raw material and the gradual adoption of various methods of iron processing. Due to the fact that no traces of iron processing workshops have survived from the times preceding the Late Period, the analysis of the preserved iron artifacts will enable the reconstruction of subsequent stages of the development of this metal metallurgy. Equally important as objects are the sources from which the Egyptians could obtain iron and the routes by which they imported it, because their presence is one of the basic requirements for metallurgy to develop and spread. I in studying the development of iron treatment the texts in which there is terminology describing iron will be also helpful. Furthermore, by reviewing the contexts of its use, it will be possible to enrich knowledge about the metallurgy of this metal. The analysis of the above points will allow to present a complete picture of iron metallurgy in Egypt.
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Hino, Mitsutaka. "Metallurgy for Purification of Iron." Materia Japan 33, no. 1 (1994): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.33.16.

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Gaiduchenko, A. K., and S. G. Napara-Volgina. "Development of iron powder metallurgy." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 34, no. 7-8 (1996): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00559435.

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Ankushev, M. N., I. P. Alaeva, P. S. Ankusheva, D. A. Artemyev, I. A. Blinov, V. V. Varfolomeev, S. E. Panteleeva, and F. N. Petrov. "The nature of some Late Bronze Age iron-bearing artefacts of the Ural-Kazakhstan region." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 3(62) (September 15, 2023): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2023-62-3-7.

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The problem of the beginning of iron production in the Late Bronze Age of the Ural-Kazakhstan region is dis-cussed. For this, 13 iron-bearing artefacts from nine settlements that functioned in the 2nd mil. BC were studied using the SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS methods: metal objects, metallurgical slags, and a bimetallic droplet. Most of the studied artefacts are not related to the iron metallurgy. High ferric impurities in copper metal products of the Late Bronze Age on the territory of the Southern Trans-Urals are caused by the use of iron-rich ore concentrates. The raw materials for these products were represented by mixed oxidized-sulphide ores from the cementation subzone of the volcanogenic massive sulphide and skarn copper deposits. Iron droplets, frequently found in the Late Bronze Age copper slag in the Ural-Kazakhstan region, are not directly related to iron metallurgy. They are by-products of the copper metallurgy formed in the process of copper extraction from the iron-rich components of the furnace charge or fluxes (brown iron ore, iron sulphides). The only artefacts that indicate direct smelting of metal from iron ore are the slag fragments from the Kent settlement. Presumably, oxidized martitized ore of the Kentobe skarn deposit or its nearby analogues was used to extract iron at the Kent settlement. Rare finds of iron slags from the Late Bronze Age, known only in the territory of Central Kazakhstan, confirm an extremely small scale of iron production. Iron ore had been already deliberately used for these experiments. However, iron metal-lurgy in the Ural-Kazakhstan region developed into a mature industry much later. The discovery of iron metallurgy based on the smelting of copper-sulphide ores in the Ural-Kazakhstan steppes is doubtful. The use of sulphide ores here is known from the 20th c. BC, and it was widespread. In the meantime, the first iron slags and products appear much later, and their finds are sporadic. The development of iron metallurgy on the basis of experiments with iron ores seems more likely.
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Fernández-González, Daniel, Janusz Prazuch, Íñigo Ruiz-Bustinza, Carmen González-Gasca, Juan Piñuela-Noval, and Luis Verdeja González. "Iron Metallurgy via Concentrated Solar Energy." Metals 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8110873.

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Environmental protection is deeply rooted in current societies. In this context, searching for new environmentally friendly energy sources is one of the objectives of industrial policies in general, and of the metallurgical industries in particular. One of these energy sources is solar energy, which offers a great potential in high temperature applications, such as those required in metallurgy processes, when properly concentrated. In this paper, we propose the utilization of concentrated solar energy in ironmaking. We have studied the utilization of concentrated solar thermal in the agglomeration of iron ore mixtures and in the obtaining of iron via reduction with carbon (and coke breeze). The results from the experiments show the typical phases of the iron ore sinters and the presence of iron through smelting reduction.
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Jabłońska, Mariola, Marzena Rachwał, Małgorzata Wawer, Mariola Kądziołka-Gaweł, Ewa Teper, Tomasz Krzykawski, and Danuta Smołka-Danielowska. "Mineralogical and Chemical Specificity of Dusts Originating from Iron and Non-Ferrous Metallurgy in the Light of Their Magnetic Susceptibility." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020216.

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This study aims at detailed characteristics and comparison between dusts from various iron and non-ferrous metal production processes in order to identify individual mineral phases, chemical composition, and their influence on the values of magnetic susceptibility. Various analytical methods used include inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy integrated with magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermomagnetic analysis. Metallurgical wastes that have arisen at different production stages of iron and non-ferrous steel are subjected to investigation. The analyzed dust samples from the iron and non-ferrous metallurgy differ in terms of magnetic susceptibility as well as their mineral and chemical composition. The research confirmed the presence of many very different mineral phases. In particular, interesting phases have been observed in non-ferrous dust, for example challacolloite, which was found for the first time in the dusts of non-ferrous metallurgy. Other characteristic minerals found in non-ferrous metallurgy dusts are zincite, anglesite, and lanarkite, while dusts of iron metallurgy contain mostly metallic iron and iron-bearing minerals (magnetite, hematite, franklinite, jacobsite, and wüstite), but also significant amounts of zincite and calcite.
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Machuta, Jiří, and Iva Nová. "Metallurgy of the Grey Cast Iron for the Automotive Parts." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 39, no. 9 (December 7, 2017): 1267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.39.09.1267.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iron Metallurgy"

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Cue´nod, Aure´lie. "Rethinking the bronze-iron transition in Iran : copper and iron metallurgy before the Achaemenid Period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b4a5d9c-55dc-4569-88c4-0814bc50c6d2.

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Iran, a country rich in mineral resources, has a long history of metal working. Copper objects first appeared in the 7th millennium BC and in the following millennia, copper became the material of choice for the production of many objects. Artefacts of iron began to appear in the mid 2nd millennium BC and by the mid 1st, iron had replaced bronze for most uses, but the reasons for this change remain unclear. This thesis seeks to examine the transition from bronze to iron metallurgy from a new angle. By looking at changes in copper-based metallurgy between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, it attempts to better understand the context in which iron metallurgy developed. To that end, the results of previously published chemical analyses of over 5000 copper-based objects from Iran and neighbouring regions and the lead isotope analyses of about 380 objects were assembled in a database. The tin, arsenic, nickel, antimony and silver concentrations in particular are studied. The data is divided into 16 metal groups based on the absence or presence of the latter four elements. The study of the main groups allows us to describe interesting new patterns of metal movement and recycling. It appears that before the end of the Bronze Age, a number of copper sources and/or trade routes from both east and west declined, leading to a reliance on more local sources for copper and tin in the Iron Age. The practice of recycling from the 3rd millennium BC onward is also evidenced. Overall, it seems that iron appeared within a thriving bronze industry, with a good access to metal resources and a developed understanding of the possibilities offered by copper (alloying, recycling, mixing…). Was it then the more ‘permanent’ nature of iron that attracted the ancient metal-workers and led to its advent?
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Krupic, Vahid-Beg. "Metallurgy and magnetoelasticity of samarium-iron alloys." Thesis, University of Salford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335555.

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Lawal, G. I. "The metallurgy of copper-iron powder composites." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233184.

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Stewart, Johnny. "The metallurgy and metallography of archaeological iron." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273022.

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Ekengård, Johan. "Slag/Metal Metallurgy in Iron and Steel Melts." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187228.

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In this work, the metal and slag phase mixing in three steps of a ladle refining operation of steel melts and for an oxygen balance during cooling of cast iron melts have been studied at two Swedish steel plants and at two Swedish cast iron foundries, respectively. In order to predict the oxygen activity in the steel bulk in equilibrium with the top slag as well as in metal droplets in the top slag in equilibrium with the top slag, three slag models were used. In addition, the assumptions of a sulphur-oxygen equilibrium between steel and slag and the dilute solution model for the liquid steel phase were utilized in the calculations. Measured oxygen activities in steel bulk, which varied between 3.5-6 ppm, were compared to predicted oxygen activities. The differences between the predicted and measured oxygen activities were found to be significant (0-500%) and the reasons for the differences are discussed in the thesis. Slag samples have been evaluated to determine the distribution of the metal droplets. The results show that the relatively largest numbers of metal droplets are present in the slag samples taken before vacuum degassing. Also, the projected interfacial area between steel bulk and top slag has been compared to the interfacial area between the metal droplets and slag. The results show that the droplet-slag interfacial area is 3 to 14 times larger than the flat projected interfacial area between the steel and top slag. Furthermore, the effect of the reactions between top slag and steel and the slag viscosity on the metal droplet formation is discussed. The results show significant differences between the steel bulk and steel droplet compositions and the reasons for the differences are discussed in the thesis. The oxygen activity in different cast irons was studied. Plant trials were performed at three occasions for lamellar, compacted and nodular iron melts. The results show that at temperatures close to the liquidus temperature the oxygen activities were 0.03-0.1 ppm for LGI, around 0.02 ppm for CGI, and 0.001ppm for SGI. In addition, it was found that as the oxygen activities increased with time after an Mg treatment, the ability to form a compact graphite or a nodular graphite in Mg-treated iron melts was decreased. Also, extrapolated oxygen activity differences up to 0.07 ppm were found for different hypoeutectic iron compositions for lamellar graphite iron at the liquidus temperature. Overall, the observed differences in the dissolved oxygen levels were believed to influence how graphite particles are incorporated into the austenite matrix and how the graphite morphology will be in the cast product.

QC 20160518

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Fischbein, Ellinor, and Felicia Larsson. "Metallurgical analysis of some osmund iron from Sweden and Estonia : A short historical review of medieval iron production and export." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298414.

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During the Middle Ages, Sweden was a coveted exporter of high-quality iron in Europe. Bloomery furnaces could have produced osmund iron. However, most osmund iron was produced in blast furnaces. The iron was then treated in the finery process and cut into pieces. Previous studies establish osmund iron’s definition regarding properties, microstructure and trace elements. They were often slag-rich and varied greatly in carbon content, proportion of inclusions, corrosion and microstructure. The report examined osmund iron as related to medieval iron production, exports and quality. This was done by comparing the microstructures and slag inclusions in Swedish and Estonian pieces of medieval iron, through analyses by SEM-EDS and under an optical microscope. The Estonian samples had more slag inclusions. The samples with corroded inclusions/slag were rejected. The varying microstructure can be linked to the cooling rate and the actual production in the blast furnace, bloomery furnace and finery process. It gave materials with poor properties. A large proportion of the samples had one side with a higher carbon content while the other had lower carbon content. The iron with lower carbon content could be connected to come from the bloomery furnace and the higher to the blast furnace. The samples containing higher levels of silica, magnesium and calcium could be connected to the blast furnace. In summary, the Swedish samples were of better quality than the Estonian ones and all pieces were considered to come from the blast furnace.
Under medeltiden var Sverige en eftertraktad exportör av högkvalitativt järn i Europa. Osmundjärn kunde produceras i en blästerugn, men det mesta osmundjärnet framställdes i masugnen. Därefter färskades järnet och höggs upp i delar. Tidigare analyser definierar osmundjärns utseende, egenskaper, mikrostruktur och spårämnen. De var ofta slaggrika och varierade mycket i kolhalt, andel inneslutningar, mikrostruktur och mängd korrosion. I den här studien analyserades osmundjärn relaterat till medeltida järnframställning, export och kvalité. Det gjordes genom att jämföra mikrostrukturer och slagginneslutningar i svenska och estniska prover av medeltida järn, genom analyser i SEM-EDS och i ljusmikroskop. De estniska proverna hade mer slagginneslutningar. Proverna med korroderade inneslutningar/slagg uteslöts ur analysen. Den varierande mikrostrukturen kan kopplas till kylningshastigheten och själva produktionen i masugnen, blästerugnen och färskningsprocessen. Det gav material med dåliga egenskaper. En stor andel prover hade en sida med högre kolhalt och den andra delen hade lägre kolhalt. Järnet med lägre kolhalt kan kopplas till att komma från blästerugnen och det med högre kolhalt till masugnen. De proverna som innehöll högre halter kiseldioxid, magnesium och kalcium kan kopplas till masugnen. De svenska proverna hade sammanfattningsvis bättre kvalité än de estniska och alla bitar ansågs komma från masugnen.
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Svensson, Josefin. "The effect of carbonaceous iron on slag foaming." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233008.

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The practise of slag foaming has become increasingly important within the scrap-based steelmaking, conducted in the electric arc furnace, due to its many advantages. In addition to increasing the efficiency in the furnace, the foaming protects the furnace equipment from wear and reduces noise pollution. The purpose of this project was to investigate the slag foaming generated through chemical reactions that occur at the addition of carbonaceous iron to the slag, as well as to evaluate the experimental method used. A slag composition of 25 wt% FeO, 40 wt% CaO and 35 wt% SiO2 was chosen. The experiments were conducted using an induction furnace, in a magnesium oxide crucible, placed in a graphite crucible. Iron particles with varying carbon content were added to the magnesium oxide crucible and the subsequent foaming was filmed and observed from above. The method enabled a division of foaming into four stages, which were studied and evaluated separately. The results indicate that the incubation time, referring to the time that passes from the addition of carbonaceous iron particles to the slag until the reactions occur, is dependent of size. A correlation can also be seen between carbon content and foaming time, where increased carbon content results in lengthier foaming.
Utövandet av slaggskumning har blivit allt viktigare inom den skrotbaserade ståltillverkningen som utförs i ljusbågsugen, på grund av dess många fördelar. Förutom att öka effektiviteten i ugnen så skyddar den skummande slaggen även ugnsutrustningen mot slitage och reducerar buller. Syftet med detta projekt var att undersöka slaggskumning genererad genom de kemiska reaktioner som inträffar vid tillsats av kolhaltigt järn till slaggen, samt att utvärdera den experimentella metoden som användes. En slaggsammansättning av 25 vikt% FeO, 40 vikt% CaO och 35 vikt% SiO2 valdes. Experiment genomfördes med hjälp av en induktionsugn, i en magnesiumoxiddegel, placerad i en grafitdegel. Järnpartiklar med varierande kolhalt tillsattes i magnesiumoxiddegeln och den efterföljande skumningen filmades och observerades från ovan. Metoden möjliggjorde en uppdelning av skumning i fyra stadier, vilka studerades och utvärderades separat. Resultaten visar på att inkubationstiden, alltså tiden som passerar från att järnpartiklar tillsätts till slaggen, till dess att reaktioner sker, har ett storleksberoende. Ett samband kan även ses mellan kolhalt och skumningstid, där en ökad skumningstid ges av en högre kolhalt.
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Daenzer, Renaud. "Investigating the role of ferrous iron in the arsenic(V)-iron(II, III) coprecipitation process system." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103615.

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In this thesis, the effects of iron(II) on arsenic(V) removal from acidic sulphate solutions in lime neutralization systems were investigated. The role of Fe(II) was analyzed via different types of experiments. Firstly, 2-stage continuous coprecipitation (CCPTN) circuit experiments were run, involving variable Fe(II)/Fe(III) fractions whilst maintaining an Fe(tot)/As(V) molar ratio of 4, and the resultant products were subjected to stability testing. It was found that CCPTN results were reproducible; that increasing the Fe(II) content resulted in somewhat lower initial arsenic(V) removal, but still better results than those obtained from equimolar Fe(III)-As(V) solutions in the absence of ferrous pointing to the latter's beneficial effect on arsenic(V) precipitation and retention. Coprecipitates aged at constant pH 8, drifting pH and at various temperatures reached pseudoequilibrium after several months. Notably, long term stability testing of the coprecipitates showed that up to an Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio of 1 at 20 °C, As(V) release was maintained below 1 mg/L after 463 days with "drifting pH" stabilized at 5 increasing only to 1.9 mg/L upon pH adjustment to 8. Secondly, the behaviour of Fe(II) was studied in batch reactor set-ups as part of hydrolysis and oxidation experiments with and without As(V). It was shown in the absence of As(V), Fe(II) precipitated out of solution completely between pH 7.5 and 8.5. Subsequent oxidation of the ferrous hydroxide slurry was found to proceed via a series of transformations starting from ferrous hydroxide to green rust, to magnetite and finally goethite. The oxidation kinetics were governed by oxygen mass transfer. In the presence of As(V) both Fe(II) and As(V) precipitated from solution starting at pH 3 with the latter ultimately dropping below 1 mg/L between pH 6.5 to 9 via the proposed precipitation of a ferrous arsenate compound (symplesite). Subsequent oxidation of the Fe(II)-As(V) slurry at constant pH 8 led to destabilization of the ferrous arsenate phase and concomitant partial release of As(V). The bulk control of As(V) in the latter case switched from ferrous arsenate to ferric arsenate or arsenate adsorption on freshly formed iron(III) hydroxide.
Cette thèse à pour objet d'étudier les effets des ions ferreux (Fe(II)) sur la stabilisation, par neutralisation à base de chaux, de l'arsenic (As(V)) contenu dans des solutions acides sulfatées. Le rôle des ions ferreux a été analysé à l'aide de différents types d'expériences. Premièrement, des essais de co-précipitation en circuit continu (CCPTN) comprenant deux étapes ont été réalisés pour différentes fractions de Fe(II)/Fe(III), tout en conservant un rapport molaire Fe(tot.)/As(V) égal à 4; les produits obtenus ont par la suite été soumis à des tests de stabilité à long terme. Les résultats de ces tests ont montré de façon reproductible qu'une augmentation de la teneur en ions ferreux réduisait l'effet de stabilisation de l'As(V) initialement présent; ces résultats étaient cependant meilleurs que dans le cas de tests de stabilisation de l'As(V) présent dans des solutions équimolaires de Fe(III)-As(V), en l'absence d'ions ferreux, validant l'effet positif des ces derniers sur la précipitation et la rétention de l'As(V). Après plusieurs mois de vieillissement dans des conditions variées de pH constant (ajusté à pH 8), de pH non-ajusté et de températures, les produits de co-précipitation ont fini par atteindre un état de pseudo-équilibre. Notamment, les tests de stabilité à long terme ont montré que pour une fraction molaire Fe(II)/Fe(III) allant jusqu'à 1 et une température de 20 °C, la libération d'As(V) en solution après 463 jours était maintenue en-dessous de 1 mg/L, respectivement 1.9 mg/L, dans le cas d'une solution au pH non-ajusté (se stabilisant à pH 5), respectivement d'une solution au pH constamment ajusté à pH 8. Deuxièmement, le comportement des ions ferreux a été étudié à l'aide d'un réacteur discontinu, dans le cadre de tests d'hydrolyse et d'oxydation, en présence ou non d'As(V). Les résultats de cette partie de l'étude ont montré qu'en l'absence d'As(V), les ions ferreux précipitent intégralement entre pH 7.5 et 8.5. Par la suite, l'oxydation de la suspension d'hydroxyde de fer (II) procède selon une série de transformations allant de la rouille verte, à la magnétite et finalement à la goethite. Les résultats ont également montré que la cinétique d'oxydation était gouvernée par le transfert de masse d'oxygène. En présence d'As(V), la précipitation du Fe(II) et de l'As(V) à été observée à partir de pH 3, sous la forme suggérée d'un composé d'arséniate de fer (II) (symplésite), la concentration finale d'As(V) non-précipité atteignant moins d'1 mg/L entre pH 6.5 et 9. Par la suite, l'oxydation de la suspension de Fe(II)-As(V) à pH 8 constant a entrainé la déstabilisation de la phase d'arséniate de fer et la remise en solution partielle d'As(V). En effet, dans ce cas particulier, le control de l'As(V) à entrainé la conversion de la majorité de la phase d'arséniate de fer (II) en arséniate de fer (III) ou possiblement son adsorption à la surface d'hydroxyde de fer (III) fraichement oxydé.
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Jonzon, Andreas. "Characterization of High-silicon alloy ductile iron in very thick sections." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Mineralteknik och metallurgi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79194.

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Valmet AB has ha foundry located I Karlstad, Sweden. The foundry has specialized in large components in ductile and gray iron. This report is a part of an evaluation of a new alloy that Valmet has produced. The alloy is called S550 where 550 is the expected tensile strength in a cast on sample. S550 is a ferritic ductile alloy with 4,15-4,25% silicone. In this experiment the alloy is casted in very large sections to better match the intended final product. The purpose of the report is to promote a better understanding of how silicon works in large castings. Ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation will be measured. The microstructure will be mapped and described. This as a step to ensure that the material is ready to use to produce castings in large dimensions. In the experiment, the microstructure is examined from 3 charges. Mechanical properties are collected from the 3 charges by widened specimens from 3 details of 2785 kg/piece and 4 drilled samples from 4 details about 600 kg/piece. The samples are processed to test bars according to standard SS-EN1563: 2012. Thereafter the rods are dragged in a tensile testing machine to collect data. The microstructure is mapped through light optic microscopy. The samples where machined according to SS-EN1563:2012. Tensile testing machine was used to record the mechanical values. Microstructure was mapped using a light-optic microscope. The material achieved a tensile strength of 544 MPa on average which is below the expected value. The yield strength was 436 MPa in average. The material shows low dispersion, mainly in fracture limit and yield limit. The elongation in average 12.8% varied in the different geometries but with lower variations within the same geometry. The alloy got better mechanical values on Detail B that had a shorter cooling time. In Detail A, micro porosity and slag were found which adversely affected their mechanical properties. The ground mass is considered as ferritic. The graphite nodes had a size of 82μm and a nodule density of 75 nodules / mm2. Most nodules had graphite form VI, small amount of graphite V and III have been found. No degenerated graphite forms as chunky or exploded graphite has been found.
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Zhang, Qingsong 1963. "Sphalerite activation in the presence of iron ions." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41802.

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Flotation of sphalerite with xanthate in the presence of iron ions has been studied as a function of pH. Sphalerite floated readily at pH 8-11 in the presence of ferrous ions, but not in the presence of ferric ions. The Fe$ sp{2+}$ ion concentration, pH and oxygen concentration were shown to be factors in controlling flotation. Electrokinetic measurements indicated that the surface charge increased in the presence of Fe$ sp{2+}$ ions and oxygen, and decreased upon adding xanthate and in the presence of Fe$ sp{2+}$ ions with the absence of oxygen.
As a prelude to surface analysis to try to identify the species responsible for the sphalerite flotation, bulk precipitates formed from iron salt and xanthate solutions under various conditions were obtained and analysed. Analysis techniques included ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy.
It was tentatively concluded that the bulk precipitates contained three ferric components: two hydroxy xanthates, Fe(OH)$ sb2$X and Fe(OH)X$ sb2$ and an iron oxide, FeO$ sb{ rm x}.$
Iron xanthate precipitates prepared over the pH range 6-12 showed a flotation response and electrokinetic behaviour similar to those of Fe$ sp{2+}$/xanthate-treated sphalerite.
An ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS), ex situ infrared (DRIFTS) and in situ infrared (ATR) investigation of the interaction of sphalerite with ferrous, ferric and xanthate ions at pH 10 was undertaken. The formation of the hydrophobic surface species was found to involve initial adsorption of Fe$ sp{2+},$ followed by oxidation to Fe$ sp{3+}$ and subsequent reaction with xanthate. There was no significant incorporation of Fe$ sp{3+}.$
A three-step reaction mechanism is proposed to account for Fe$ sp{2+}$ ion activation of sphalerite: (i) adsorption of Fe(OH)$ sp+,$ (ii) oxidation to Fe(OH)$ sp{2+}$ on the surface, (iii) reaction with xanthate to form Fe(OH)$ sb2$X or Fe(OH)X$ sb2.$
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Books on the topic "Iron Metallurgy"

1

Brandt, Daniel A. Metallurgy fundamentals. South Holland, Ill: Goodheart-Willcox Co., 1985.

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Brandt, Daniel A. Metallurgy fundamentals. Tinley Park, Ill: Goodheart-Willcox, 1999.

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Brandt, Daniel A. Metallurgy fundamentals. South Holland, Ill: Goodheart-Willcox Co., 1992.

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C, Warner J., ed. Metallurgy fundamentals. 5th ed. Tinley Park, IL: Goodheart-Willcox, 2009.

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C, Warner J., ed. Metallurgy fundamentals. Tinley Park, Ill: Goodheart-Willcox, 2005.

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Hosford, William F. Iron and steel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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German, Randall M. Powder metallurgy of iron and steel. New York: Wiley, 1998.

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Šalak, Andrej. Ferrous powder metallurgy. Cambridge: Cambridge International Science Pub., 1995.

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B, Gordon Robert. American iron, 1607-1900. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

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Elliott, Roy. Cast iron technology. London: Butterworths, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Iron Metallurgy"

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Ying, Lu, Hu Changwen, and Xu Kuangdi. "Iron." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–3. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_968-1.

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Bizhanov, Aitber. "Industrial Briquetting in Iron Making." In Briquetting in Metallurgy, 151–234. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003027645-7.

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Beiss, P. "Iron and steel: Manufacturing route." In Powder Metallurgy Data, 267–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10689123_17.

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Beiss, P. "Iron and steel: Impact energy." In Powder Metallurgy Data, 392–404. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10689123_20.

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Beiss, P. "Iron and steel: Fatigue strength." In Powder Metallurgy Data, 405–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10689123_21.

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Beiss, P. "Iron and steel: Thermophysical properties." In Powder Metallurgy Data, 448–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10689123_22.

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Spaulding, Jay. "Iron Metallurgy in Ancient Sudan." In African Indigenous Knowledge and the Sciences, 199–206. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-515-9_16.

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Pero-Sanz Elorz, José Antonio, Daniel Fernández González, and Luis Felipe Verdeja. "Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons (or Ductile Cast Iron)." In Physical Metallurgy of Cast Irons, 105–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97313-5_7.

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Mansheng, Chu, and Xu Kuangdi. "Sponge Iron." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_1403-1.

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McKamey, C. G. "Iron Aluminides." In Physical Metallurgy and processing of Intermetallic Compounds, 351–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1215-4_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Iron Metallurgy"

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Cristea, Nicolae. "PYRITE ASHES - RAW MATERIAL IN IRON METALLURGY." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on ENERGY AND CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bd4/s18.019.

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V., ZAVYALOV, and TEREKHOVA N. "MEDIEVAL IRON METALLURGY IN THE LIGHT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA." In MODERN SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS OF EURASIAN ARCHEOLOGY. Altai State Univercity, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/msapea.2023.3.14.

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At present, the principles of direct reduction of iron, which dominated in metallurgy for more than three millennia, are well known. However, it is not always possible to successfully carry out experimental modeling of the bloomery process. We have carried out 35 experiments. A fully preserved bloomery furnace, excavated at the Kolesovka-4 settlement was chosen as a prototype of the pyrotechnic structure. As a result of the experiments, it was found that during the roasting of the ore, not only the burnout of organic impurities occurred, but also the concentration of silica and alumina decreased, and thus the content of iron oxide increased. The crushing of ore is essential. It can be stated with all certainty that theoretical knowledge is not enough to implement a successful process of obtaining iron by the bloomery method.
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Srikar Sista, Kameswara, Bilal Murtuza Pirjade, Abhijeet Premkumar Moon, and Srinivas Dwarapudi. "Comparative Study of Iron Powders Synthesis from Steel Industry By-product through Conventional and Microwave Reduction." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235750577.

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Iron powder is one of the prominent materials in today’s world. Among various methods of synthesis, iron powders from reduction route stands unique in process flexibility as well as powder properties. Possibility of using carbon free reductant like hydrogen makes this process route further attractive. In the present work, synthesis of iron powders from mill scale by product of steel industry is explored by use of hydrogen as reducing gas. Experiments were performed at temperature range of 750 0C to 850 0C and time range of 30 min to 90 min. Variation in properties of iron powders synthesized form conventional heating and microwave heating are explored and obtained powders are characterized for physical (particle size, apparent density, tap density), chemical (purity, chemical phases) and morphological (scanning electron microscopy) attributes. This work paves path to a modern, green, and sustainable method for iron powder synthesis from a steel industry by-product.
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Dawei Cui. "Preparation of ODS iron base superalloy by powder metallurgy." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987941.

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Quilter, Connor, Michael Head, Aurélien Neveu, Kate Black, and Filip Francqui. "Iron Ore as a Suitable Candidate for AM: Relation between Rheology and Spreadability." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235765118.

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Powder bed-based methods are common in additive manufacturing (AM), where successive thin layers are created using a ruler or rotating cylinder. The homogeneity of the layers determines the mechanical quality of the built parts. However, the layer quality is directly related to the spreading properties of the feedstock, which relies mainly on the cohesiveness and rheology of the powder. Despite wide availability, iron ore has never been considered a suitable feedstock material for AM. If a viable iron ore feedstock could be produced for AM, it would enable the manufacture of bespoke agglomerates which could be used in blast furnaces to produce steel. This could reduce the thermal budget and considerably lower CO2 emissions in the steel sector. In this study, the spreadability of iron ore powders has been evaluated in a binder jet printer and correlated with its flowability and rheological properties evaluated with a rotating drum method.
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Dong, Kang-Cheng, and Ming-Zhu Li. "Iron-based Powder Metallurgy Steel Collar Chemical Treatment Process Test." In 2015 International Conference on Material Science and Applications (icmsa-15). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmsa-15.2015.25.

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Wahyuningsih, S., N. S. Suharty, E. Pramono, A. H. Ramelan, B. Sasongko, A. O. T. Dewi, R. Hidayat, E. Sulistyono, M. Handayani, and F. Firdiyono. "Iron and boron removal from sodium silicate using complexation methods." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2017): Metallurgy and Advanced Material Technology for Sustainable Development. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5038303.

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Trapp, J., G. Walther, M. Fries, M. Hoffmann, S. Böhme, and T. Weißgärber. "Iron Powders For Additive Manufacturing And Metal Injection Molding Produced By An Environmentally Friendly Route From Steel-Production Sourced Ore Wastes." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235765094.

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The demand for small, spherical powders for additive manufacturing as well as for metal injection molding increases. For particles ≤ 10 µm, mainly two production routes exist: atomization and the carbonyl process. The production of such powders is costly, so alternatives are needed. We present developments in a solid-state processing route using iron ore from the steel steeping process that otherwise might end up as waste. To scale up the production to hundreds of kilograms per day, granules obtained by wet spraying are reduced and sintered in a rotary kiln to form porous but stable agglomerates, and post treated in a NARA hybridizer mill to form dense particles. Pure iron particles with < 0.2 m% oxygen, an apparent density of ≈ 3 g/cm³, and a purity of > 98 % are obtained at an expected cost level of less than 3 €/kg
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Marin, Florin. "IMAGE PROCESSING ANALYSIS OF POROSITY IN SOME IRON- BASED POWDER METALLURGY MATERIALS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/6.1/s24.032.

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Kuntari and Matkli Dimas Astrianto Saputro. "Utilization of iron oxide coated natural zeolite for the removal nitrate from fresh water." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2019): Exploring New Innovation in Metallurgy and Materials. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0004542.

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Reports on the topic "Iron Metallurgy"

1

Sikka, V. K., C. R. Howell, F. Hall, and J. Valykeo. Microstructural and mechanical property characterization of ingot metallurgy ODS iron aluminide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/330687.

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