Journal articles: 'Iron industry and trade Waste disposal'

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Falkowska, Aleksandra. "Environmental Regulations and Trade Patterns in Hazardous Waste: Facility-level Analysis." Review of European Studies 10, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n3p78.

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This paper offers a fresh look at the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in the context of the waste management industry. Unlike previous research examining trade in waste products, the present study distinguishes between waste destined for final disposal and waste destined for recovery. Furthermore, it combines very disaggregated data with the highly flexible mixed logit model and a reliable measure of environmental policy stringency. Including all those elements in one analysis allowed for the uncovering of the dramatic differences in the reactions of waste generators to the environmental policy stringency of the destination country, depending on the treatment option their waste is slated for. Although there is no evidence confirming the PHH, a significant pollution haven effect has been found. This effect is apparent in the case of waste destined for final disposal. In contrast, facilities exporting waste for recovery are often attracted by the stringency of environmental policy.

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Fazaeli, H., and A. R. Talebian Masoodi. "Nutritive value of Agaricus bisporus mushroom spent wheat straw as ruminant feed." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200008097.

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Since last decades, much interest has been evidenced for bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials such as production of edible mushroom. In Iran, the mushroom industry has been expanded during the last 20 years and currently more than 50000 tons of mushroom compost is produced annually by aerobic fermentation system. The compost remained after cropping of mushroom constitutes a potential pollutant and its disposal increases the production cost. This waste material is usually rich of microorganisms and extra cellular enzymes (Ball and Jacksa, 1995) and contains a high level of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and trace elements and more degradable than the original straw in the rumen (Zadrazil, 1997). However, there are limited information regarding the nutritive value and utilisation of the mushroom spent straw in animal nutrition. This experiment was conducted to study the nutritive value and acceptability of the Agaricus bisporus mushroom spent wheat straw, obtained from bag system mushroom growing in sheep nutrition.

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Geng, Limin, Wenxing Shen, and Zenan Xu. "Embodied carbon and influencing factors of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States." BioResources 17, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 3107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.3107-3129.

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The paper industry is a high-carbon emission and energy-intensive industry. From the perspective of low-carbon trade and carbon neutrality, its energy conservation and emission reduction are worthy of attention. This study used the input-output model to calculate the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States from 2006 to 2020 and used the logarithmic mean division index (LMDI) method to analyze influencing factors of the change of embodied carbon emissions. The study found that the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States generally shows a stable downward trend after reaching the peak with the increase of export trade scale; scale effect is the main factor that causes the embodied carbon emissions, while technological progress, policy support, and environmental regulations are important driving forces to promote carbon emission reduction. The research results of this paper not only can test and guide China’s paper industry trade policies and industrial policies, but they can also provide decision-making reference for China and the United States to promote the carbon emission reduction of the paper industry.

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Bissett, R., and K. Green. "Managing trade waste: what should best practice look like?" Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0138.

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Consideration of best practice in trade-waste management is timely, given the challenges that the water industry and its customers face in managing the triple bottom line so we can maximise sustainability of both our environment and business. City West Water (CWW) is one of Australia’s largest providers of trade-waste disposal services. These services, and the associated trade-waste programmes we operate, are critical to managing the risks associated with trade waste, as well as facilitating the uptake of cleaner production and waste minimisation across industrial and commercial sectors. Providers of trade-waste services have direct contact with many waste generators. This is a unique platform for risk management and facilitation of cleaner production and waste minimisation. Consequently, trade-waste services and programmes are critical to the outworking of Government policies and commitments in relation to cleaner production, waste minimisation and sustainability, as well as to meeting the community’s expectations in relation to waste management. However, it is not these issues alone that should drive consideration of trade-waste management. We must consider these issues alongside the viability of economic development and employment and look for solutions that maximise the beneficial outcomes across all three dimensions of the triple bottom line. This paper takes a look at the current trade-waste management environment, along with the existing legislative and policy frameworks. It then suggests what best practice trade-waste management should entail. It examines key issues and drivers, elements of an effective strategy, roles and responsibilities, resource requirements, challenges/obstacles and solutions, and performance measurement and how it should be communicated.

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Schoeman, Yolandi, Paul Oberholster, and Vernon Somerset. "A Zero-Waste Multi-Criteria Decision-Support Model for the Iron and Steel Industry in Developing Countries: A Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052832.

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The iron and steel industry is a major global industry that consumes vast quantities of energy and causes environmental degradation through greenhouse gas emissions and industrial waste generation, treatment, and disposal. There is a need to manage complex iron and steel industrial waste in Africa, which requires a system engineering approach to zero waste management as informed by multi-criteria decision-making. The purpose of the current study was to develop a hybrid four-step multi-criteria decision-support model, the i-ZEWATA (Industrial Zero Waste Tiered Analysis). I-ZEWATA acts as a road map to understand, design, assess, and evaluate the iron and steel industrial waste systems with the ultimate objective of moving towards and achieving a zero-waste footprint. The results demonstrate that iron and steel waste can be identified, visualized, prioritized, and managed to promote zero-waste by applying a system-engineered approach. Additionally, relationship patterns to environmental, social, operational, and economic aspects with system behavioral patterns and outcomes were identified. It was clear from the case study in South Africa that, although technology and solution investment is essential, waste management, valorization, and treatment components require a concerted effort to improve industrial waste operational management through effective zero-waste decision-support towards a circular economy.

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Halloran, A. R., T. E. Higgins, and G. Mikéta. "Multimedia waste auditing in Hungary: a waste minimization feasibility study for a metal plating facility." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0242.

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Multimedia waste audits of three industries that generate significant quantities of waste and are vital to the future economic life of Hungary were performed by CH2M HILL; VRF (The Institute for Environment and Safety in the Chemical and Explosives Industry); and Post, Buckley, Schuh, and Jernigan (PBS&J). The industries were tanning, chemical production, and metal plating (galvanic). The seven plants selected for the audits were given detailed questionnaires concerning their manufacturing processes, waste production, energy consumption, and waste treatment and disposal practices. The plants were then visited, and the staff were interviewed. The results of the audits were general waste minimization strategies for the seven plants and detailed waste minimization feasibility plans for two of the plants. The plans included cost estimates for the waste minimization recommendations. The results of the audits were used by the Hungarian Ministry of Industry and Trade to provide potential foreign investors with information on how best to invest in these companies to modernize them and reduce their environmental risks and costs.

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Bayram, Bahadır Çağrı. "Evaluation of forest products trade economic contribution by entropy-TOPSIS: Case study of Turkey." BioResources 15, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 1419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1419-1429.

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The forest products industry is one of the most powerful industry branches of Turkey, and as in other developing countries, Turkey has a persistent trade deficit. The present paper aims to evaluate the forest industry products of Turkey regarding their economic contribution by Entropy-TOPSIS, which is a hybrid multicriteria decision making method. The evaluation was done to specify the products which will be able to create currency inflow most for reducing the trade deficit and help economic development. According to computations, the most contributing products are medium-density fiberboard (MDF), high-density fiberboard (HDF), industrial roundwood, and particle board. In addition, household and sanitary papers, as well as other paper and paper board products were found to have great economic potential.

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Palod, Richa, S. V. Deo, and G. D. Ramtekkar. "Utilization of waste from steel and iron industry as replacement of cement in mortars." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 21, no. 6 (July 5, 2019): 1361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00889-3.

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Baidya, Rahul, and Sadhan Kumar Ghosh. "Co-processing of industrial trade rejects in cement plant." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 12 (July 1, 2020): 1314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20936766.

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In India non-hazardous industrial waste is generated at a staggering rate of about 30 million metric tonnes/year; considering the major generators (excluding power plant and mining industry waste) as per Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India (GoI), thus disposing of them is a challenge. The industrial waste generated from fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) trade rejects and expired product is also enormous (although largely remains unaccounted) and needs to be disposed of by the producer as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, GoI. Co-processing of this industrial trade rejects in cement plant can be a prominent solution as it reduces the disposal problem of the solid waste stream and provides an alternative methodology for complete thermal and material recovery of the waste with no by-products. Co-processing further reduces the use of conventional resources by utilizing the waste as an alternative fuel and raw materials. The study thus analyzes a co-processing trial of a month in a cement plant in the southern part of India and based on the obtained data, the environmental and operational sustainability was studied. The economic benefit obtainable was also analyzed based on the achieved substitution benefit. Parameters such as emission and quality of the final product were gauged. The leaching behavior of the final product was also analyzed. Thus, the findings will help in reducing the carbon footprints of the industrial wastes, specifically the FMCG trade waste, and will show the sustainability of co-processing waste in Indian cement plants.

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jun, Li, and Ju Yanmei. "Preparation of polymeric aluminum ferric sulphate from waste residue of aluminum industry." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127104005.

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Polymeric aluminum ferric sulphate(PAFS) was prepared from high-sulfur bauxite flotation tailings and red mud by roasting, acid leaching and polymerization. The effects of leaching temperature, leaching time, liquid-solid ratio on the leaching rate of Al3+ and Fe3+were investigated. The optimal leaching conditions are as follows: leaching temperature 100℃, leaching time 90 min, sulfuric acid concentration 4.5mol/L and liquid-solid ratio 5 mg/L. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on the PAFS prepared under the optimum process parameters. The characterization of PAFS shows that the synthesized PAFS had polymeric aluminum, iron and hydroxyl structures. Wastewater disposal test of synthetic PAFS shows that the removal rates of COD, turbidity and chromaticity are 45.61%, 75% and 94.18%, respectively.

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Bilgili, Mehmet Sinan, Elanur Adar, Senol Yildiz, and Kadir Sezer. "Characterisation of wastes collected from beaches, coastlines, marine surface cleaning processes and ships: A case study of Istanbul." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 6 (April 11, 2019): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19838619.

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Marine waste management is crucial for Istanbul because of the significant location for intercontinental transition, international trade, tourism, industry and shipping. This study is the first one realised in Turkey for the detailed characterisation of marine waste. The amount and characteristics of solid wastes originating from beaches, coastlines, sea surface cleaning processes and ships (both cargo and cruise ships) were determined. It was observed that marine wastes includes a significant amount of recyclable materials. Although, it was ascertained that the amount and composition of waste differs according to the collecting sources, the majority of wastes are composed of different types of plastics. The average calorific value of marine waste was determined as 2500 kcal kg-1, which is higher than that of mixed municipal solid waste. There is a lack of studies on the pathways of disposal alternatives of marine waste after collection. As landfilling is the common pathway for disposal after collecting, it is clear that recycle/reuse and energy recovery options are possible for marine waste.

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12

Zhang, Fu Ming, Xiang Long Meng, Chao Zhen Cao, and Lin Li. "Construction of Circulating Economy Development Model for New Generation Iron and Steel Plant." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1133.

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The problems existing in the development of modern iron and steel industry is analyzed in this paper, and a basic development model of circulating economy in modern iron and steel industry is put forward. There are three basic functions for new generation of circulating iron and steel enterprises include steel product manufacture, energy conversion, and the social waste disposal, circulating economy will become the only approach of survival and development for the contemporary steel enterprises in the future. In this article the design philosophy of the high-efficiency circulating new generation steel plant combine with the design of Shougang Jingtang iron and steel plant is discussed and evaluated. The application of principle of the reduction, reusing, recycling for the new generation steel plant design is introduced and expatiated.

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Kadir, A. A., H. H. Jamil, and A. S. Abdul Rahim. "Leachability of Fired Clay Brick Incorporating with Sludge Waste from Mosaic Industry." Materials Science Forum 803 (August 2014): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.803.233.

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The amount of sludge wastes from industrial, mining, domestic agriculture activities are about 60200 tons per year. The increasing of the waste will have significant impact towards environment and energy conservation. Many attempts have been made to incorporate sludge waste into brick for example fly ash sludge, sewage sludge, water sludge and ceramic sludge and advantages on the properties have been found but heavy metals leachibility will be the main concerned. Therefore, sludge waste is a potential alternative to convert into useful products as a building material that can alleviate the disposal problems. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of heavy metals were determined by using XRF. Four different mixing ratios of mosaic sludge waste at (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%) were incorporated into fired clay brick. Each brick was fired in a heat controlled furnace at elevated temperatures of 1050°C. The characteristic of heavy metals from the sludge waste were determined by XRF and the result show that the sludge waste is high in iron (Fe) and Zicronium (Zr) followed by Barium (Br), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn). The leachability of heavy metals from the manufactured mosaic sludge brick were determined by using toxicity characteristic leachibility procedure (TCLP) and the results demonstrated that the culprit heavy metals were all complied to USEPA(1996) and EPAV(2005a).

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Gao, Chengkang, Wen'gang Gao, Kaihui Song, Hongming Na, Fan Tian, and Shuaibing Zhang. "Comprehensive evaluation on energy-water saving effects in iron and steel industry." Science of The Total Environment 670 (June 2019): 346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.101.

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15

Kolesnikov, Alexandr, Roman Fediuk, Mugahed Amran, Sergey Klyuev, Alexander Klyuev, Irina Volokitina, Aigul Naukenova, et al. "Modeling of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Waste Disposal with the Production of Iron Silicides and Zinc Distillation." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072542.

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This paper presents studies on the possibility of utilization of technogenic waste from the metallurgical industry by the method of complex processing in order to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment of the region with the example of the zinc silicate-magnetite-carbon system. The selected sample of clinker dump from welting was subjected to chemical and scanning electron microscopic analyses and thermodynamic modeling. Thermodynamic studies were carried out in the temperature range 1600–2200 K and pressure p = 0.1 MPa, modeling the process of electric melting of clinker from welting in an arc furnace using the software application Astra 4 developed at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Moscow, Russian Federation). As a result of the thermodynamic modeling, the optimal temperature range was established, which was 1800–1900 K. Thermodynamic studies established that it is possible to drive away zinc from the system under study by 99–100% in the entire temperature range under study. The maximum degree of silicon extraction (αSi) in the alloy is up to 69.44% at T = 1900 K, and the degree of iron extraction (αFe) in the alloy is up to 99.996%. In particular, it was determined and proved that clinker waste from welting can act as a secondary technogenic raw material when it is processed as a mono mixture to produce iron silicides with a silicon content of 18 to 28%.

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Ratnasingam, Jegatheswaran, Hazirah Ab Latib, Manohar Mariapan, Kamaruzaman Othman, Mohd Afthar Amir, and Lim Choon Liat. "Success factors of small and medium enterprises in the Malaysian furniture industry: Discerning the growth of entrepreneurs." BioResources 16, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 5586–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5586-5600.

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Entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises are the foundation of the Malaysian furniture industry. Yet, in a multi-ethnic society such as Malaysia, the success factors of entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the furniture industry have not been studied. Therefore, this study evaluated the success factors of entrepreneurs of the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups in the furniture industry and discerned the growth trajectory of young entrepreneurs from wood science and technology programs in the furniture industry. A questionnaire-based survey was used with the assistance of relevant trade associations and universities. The results were statistically analyzed to establish the significant differences between the two ethnic groups in their perceived success factors. The results revealed that Malay entrepreneurs pay more attention to political and socio-cultural factors to gain success, whereas Chinese entrepreneurs focus on enhancing their competitiveness to remain viable. Further, young graduates showed a reduced desire to pursue a career in the furniture industry, as they deem it not environmentally sustainable in addition to limited career growth. These results suggested that current entrepreneurship development programs may need to be revised, so as to assist in producing more resilient and successful entrepreneurs in the future in the furniture industry.

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Zhang, Hanxin, Wenqiang Sun, Weidong Li, and Yanhui Wang. "Physical and chemical characterization of fugitive particulate matter emissions of the iron and steel industry." Atmospheric Pollution Research 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 101272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.101272.

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Wang, Xiaoling, Yawen Wei, and Qinglong Shao. "Decomposing the decoupling of CO2 emissions and economic growth in China’s iron and steel industry." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 152 (January 2020): 104509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104509.

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Karandikar, D. A. "Processing of cast iron scrap from the diesel engine manufacturing industry by powder metallurgy techniques." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 5, no. 1 (February 1991): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(91)90040-u.

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Wang, Ke, Linan Che, Chunbo Ma, and Yi-Ming Wei. "The shadow price of CO 2 emissions in China's iron and steel industry." Science of The Total Environment 598 (November 2017): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.089.

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Siddique, Rafat. "Utilization (recycling) of iron and steel industry by-product (GGBS) in concrete: strength and durability properties." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 16, no. 3 (October 19, 2013): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-013-0206-x.

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Zhou, Xue Lian. "Development and Utilization of Circular Economy and Urban Mining - Chengdu City Based Renewable Resource Industry Survey." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.644.

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Along with the process of economic growth and urbanization, China has entered a peak period of electronic appliances and automotive industry products obsolescence. On one hand, municipal waste disposal is increasing and causing environmental pollution and damage; on the other hand, native mineral resources’ exhaustion has increased year by year along with exploitation difficulty and mineral resources import growth. Meanwhile, urban industrial scrap, aka "urban mines", does contain abundant of renewable resources, such as copper, iron, and aluminum. Therefore, based on the theory of circular economy, the exploitation of these "urban mines" is the key strategic industry of China’s "12th five-year plan". This paper is based on the survey of Chengdu city regeneration resources industry situation. We analyzed the current status of regeneration resources recycling industry in Chengdu city, finding problems such as the number of existing garbage collection stations inadequate for renewable resources, and processing technology out of date. Generally speaking, the renewable resources industry in Chengdu is under developed.

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Wang, Yihan, Zongguo Wen, Xin Cao, Zhaofang Zheng, and Jinjing Xu. "Environmental efficiency evaluation of China's iron and steel industry: A process-level data envelopment analysis." Science of The Total Environment 707 (March 2020): 135903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135903.

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Gao, Cheng-kang, Hong-ming Na, Kaihui Song, Fan Tian, Natalia Strawa, and Tao Du. "Technologies-based potential analysis on saving energy and water of China's iron and steel industry." Science of The Total Environment 699 (January 2020): 134225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134225.

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Mahjouri, Maryam, Mohd Bakri Ishak, Ali Torabian, Latifah Abd Manaf, and Normala Halimoon. "Determining the best practicable control technology and its associated emission levels for Iron and Steel industry in Iran." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 127 (December 2017): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.025.

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Yadava, Shalini, B. Chakradharb, and Anil Sharmac. "Recycling Process for the Management of E-Waste from Colour Picture Tubes of TV in Manufacturing Building Materials." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.859.

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E-waste released from Television colour picture tube manufacturing process is hazardous in nature and its worldwide disposal has become major concern to safe guard the environment and ecology. The solid wastes generated from the picture tube manufacturing process contain significant quantity of compounds of lead, nickel, cobolt, iron etc. The presence of toxic substances and their characteristic nature made these wastes hazardous and pose serious problems in their disposal resulting in major environmental concerns. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a new cost effective process for immobilizing and recycling e-waste released from electronic industry in developing non-hazardous building material using additives and binders. Detoxification /immobilization of e-waste was achieved in making composite products using cement and sand as additives through solidification/stabilization process. Further strength and stability of solidified composite products was achieved through curing process. The quality and suitability of the S/S cured composite products were tested and assessed for their Engineering properties (compressive strength, water absorption, density), Toxicity leachate characteristics, Mineralogical studies, Morphological studies for their use in engineering applications, application as construction materials like bricks, blocks, aggregates and confirmed their environmental significance.

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Gao, Yuan Yuan, and Qi Xing Zhou. "Application of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Combined with Impatiens Balsamina to Remediation of E-Waste Contaminated Soils." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.73.

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E-waste contamination is of major environmental concern on a world scale, with the rapid development of electric industry. The recycling and disposal methods of e-wastes remain rudimentary, and pose a serious environmental threat and have adverse influences on human health, because toxic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals are released into the environment during crude recycling. nanophytoremediation is a combined technology between nanotechnology and phytotechnology for remediation of contaminated environments. This work was aimed to investigate the tolerance and accumulation characteristics of e-waste pollution, as well as the effect of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) on their phytoremediation capacity. Results showed that nZVI could facilitate the growth of plants both under clean soil and the high pollution, with increased by 30.3% and 53.5% respectively. This may be attributed to the improvement of soil quality and adjustment of soil pH by nZVI. Especially, all the nZVI adding treatments had significantly higher PCBs accumulation efficiency compared with that without addition of nZVI, thus indicating nZVI-phytroremediation would be a very promising method in the future.

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Seifelnassr, Ahmed A. S., and Abdel-Zaher M. Abouzeid. "Exploitation of Bacterial Activities in Mineral Industry and Environmental Preservation: An Overview." Journal of Mining 2013 (December 29, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/507168.

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Since the identification and characterization of iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria in the 1940s, a rapid progress is being made in minerals engineering based on biological activities. Microorganisms can play a beneficial role in all facets of minerals processing, from mining to waste disposal and management. Some of the applications, such as biologically assisted leaching of copper sulfide ores, uranium ores, and biooxidation of refractory sulfide gold ores, are now established on the scale of commercial processes. A variety of other bioleaching opportunities exist for nickel, cobalt, cadmium, and zinc sulfide leaching. Recently, other uses of microorganisms are potentially possible. These include the bioleaching of nonsulfide ores, bioflotation, and bioflocculation of minerals, and bioremediation of toxic chemicals discharged from mineral engineering operations. These activities acquire considerable opportunities for further research and development in these areas. This paper is an attempt to provide a critical summary on the most important efforts in the area of bacterial activities in the mineral and mining industry.

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Al-Rawahy, Khalid. "Tailings From Mining Activities, Impact on Groundwater, and Remediation." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2001): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol6iss2pp35-43.

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Effluent wastes from mining operations and beneficiation processes are comprized mostly of the following pollutants: total suspended solids (TTS), alkalinity or acidity (pH), settleable solids, iron in ferrous mining, and dissolved metals in nonferrous mining. Suspended solids consist of small particles of solid pollutants that resist separation by conventional means. A number of dissolved metals are considered toxic pollutants. The major metal pollutants present in ore mining and beneficiation waste waters include arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc. Tailings ponds are used for both the disposal of solid waste and the treatment of waste-water streams. The supernatant decanted from these ponds contains suspended solids and, at times, process reagents introduced to the water during ore beneficiation. Leakage of material from tailings pond into groundwater is one possible source of water pollution in the mining industry. Percolation of waste-water from impoundment may occur if tailings ponds are not properly designed. This paper addresses potential groundwater pollution due to effluent from mining activities, and the possible remediation options.

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Wu, Rongxin, and Boqiang Lin. "Environmental regulation and its influence on energy-environmental performance: Evidence on the Porter Hypothesis from China's iron and steel industry." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 176 (January 2022): 105954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105954.

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Noubactep, Chicgoua, Günther Meinrath, and Broder J. Merkel. "Investigating the Mechanism of Uranium Removal by Zerovalent Iron." Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 3 (2005): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05003.

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Environmental Context.Groundwater is the water that fills the spaces between sand, soil, and rock below the water table. It discharges into ecologically sensitive wetlands and is used as drinking water or in agriculture and industry. Inappropriate waste disposal and poor land management can contaminate groundwater and may minimize its use for decades. The common method for pumping contaminated groundwater to the surface for treatment is costly and labour intensive. Zerovalent iron is a new, more cost-effective method of groundwater remediation. Abstract. Zerovalent iron (ZVI) has been proposed as a reactive material in permeable in situ walls for groundwater contaminated by metal pollutants. For such pollutants that interact with corrosion products, the determination of the actual mechanism of their removal is very important to predict their stability in the long term. From a study of the effects of pyrite (FeS2) and manganese nodules (MnO2) on the uranium removal potential of a selected ZVI material, a test methodology (FeS2–MnO2 method) is suggested to follow the pathway of contaminant removal by ZVI materials. An interpretation of the removal potential of ZVI for uranium in the presence of both additives corroborates coprecipitation with iron corrosion products as the initial removal mechanism for uranium.

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Lima, Neymayer Pereira, George Eduardo Sales Valadão, and Antônio Eduardo Clark Peres. "Effect of particles size range on iron ore flotation." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 66, no. 2 (June 2013): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672013000200018.

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Flotation is one of the main concentration processes being employed for many classes of minerals (sulfides, oxides, silicates, phosphates, for example) at different particle sizes. In the iron ore industry, reverse quartz flotation has been successfully employed for particle sizes below ISOfim after the desliming process. The high demand for iron ore products has made flotation the main process for concentration in this industry, thus a better understanding of its mechanisms and the effect of the particle sizes in the process has become imperative. Flotation tests were carried out with three different size fractions of an itabirite iron ore, obtained using cyclone classification after desliming. The results showed distinct behaviors of the different size ranges. Higher etheramine dosages are required when coarse and fine fractions are floated separately and also this procedure is more sensitive to variations in etheramine dosages and pH values. The differences in particle size distributions and the specific surface area may explain the different flotation behavior of the distinct size fractions. The split flotation circuits for coarse and fine particles indicated an increase of 3% points in the metallurgical recovery with reduction of SiO2 content in final concentrate, increase of etheramine dosage and reduction of corn starch dosage. Economic feasibility analysis indicated a positive net present value of 50 million of dollars with split circuits for coarse and fine particles, considering a production of 10 million tons per year of pellet feed.

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V, Mahesha, Dr Chitra P, and R. Ragunathan. "Biodegradation Of Iron Industry And Gold Industrial Wastewater By White Rot Fungi – Calocybe Indica & Agaricus Bisporus Comparative Study." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 12 (December 27, 2021): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/121039.

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Increasing discharge and improper management of liquid and solid industrial wastes have created a great concern among industrialists and the scientific community over their economic treatment and safe disposal. Hence, there is a growing need for the development of novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the remediation for these industries released into the environment and to safeguard the ecosystem. In this regard, recent advances in wastewater of heavy metal have propelled bioremediation as a prospective alternative to conventional techniques. Heavy metals are toxic and dangerous to the ecosystem. White rot fungi (WRF) are versatile and robust organisms having enormous potential for oxidative bioremediation of a variety of toxic chemical pollutants due to high tolerance to toxic substances in the environment. The decolorization and detoxification potential of WRF can be harnessed thanks to emerging knowledge of the physiology of these organisms as well as of the bio catalysis and stability characteristics of their enzymes. This knowledge will need to be transformed into reliable and robust waste treatment processes.

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Huang, Da, Christian Doh Dinga, Zongguo Wen, and Darine Razmadze. "Industrial-environmental management in China's iron and steel industry under multiple objectives and uncertainties." Journal of Environmental Management 310 (May 2022): 114785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114785.

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Bailera, Manuel, Pilar Lisbona, Begoña Peña, and Luis M. Romeo. "A review on CO2 mitigation in the Iron and Steel industry through Power to X processes." Journal of CO2 Utilization 46 (April 2021): 101456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101456.

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Barreto-Rodrigues, Marcio, Flávio T. Silva, and Teresa C. B. Paiva. "Combined zero-valent iron and fenton processes for the treatment of Brazilian TNT industry wastewater." Journal of Hazardous Materials 165, no. 1-3 (June 15, 2009): 1224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.120.

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Li, Zhaoling, and Tatsuya Hanaoka. "Development of large-point source emission downscale model by estimating the future capacity distribution of the Chinese iron and steel industry up to 2050." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 161 (October 2020): 104853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104853.

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Mujiono, Mujiono, and Fanny Tanuwijaya. "Formulasi Korporasi sebagai Subjek Hukum Pidana dalam Regulasi Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia." Lentera Hukum 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v6i1.9590.

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The existence of human life is extremely dependent on the environment, and the environment has provided free various needs for humans, which is an absolute requirement so that humans can maintain their lives. Environmental problems are essentially human ecological problems and environmental problems arise as a result of environmental pollution. This is an element of many negligence errors committed by companies or legal entities that operate, including the element of deliberate and negligent use of environmental law through Law No. 32 of 2009, concerning Environmental Protection stated in Article 116 UUPPLH. Corporate liability in environmental crime is the subject of discussion in cases with the decision register number No.1405K / Pid.Sus / 2013, namely PT. KARAWANG PRIMA SEJAHTERA (PT. KPSS), which is engaged in the metal, steel, and export-import aluminum and trade industry. In its location, PT KPSS produces Aero Slag waste from iron and steel smelting, bottom ash waste and fly ash obtained from the burning of coal in power plans. The criminal responsibility of environmental crimes is also carried out by PT KALISTA ALAM, which operates in the fields of plantation, industry, supplier, and shipping in the oil palm business. In its violation, PT KALISTA ALAM has opened land by burning it, which is carried out continuously to expand oil palm cultivation/ In the verdict, No. 131 / Pid.B / 2013 / PN.MBO, the company was charged for committing environmental crimes. Keyword: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Crime, Criminal Accountability

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Khazaei, Salman, Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Azadeh Asgarian, Hamidreza Heidari, Abedin Saghafipour, Shahram Arsang-Jang, and Hossein Ansari. "Environmental and ecological factors of stomach cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review study on ecological studies." Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0022.

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AbstractObjectivesStomach cancer (SC) is one of the most common and deadly types of cancer. It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The effect of environmental and ecological factors in SC have been assessed in some studies. Thus, we aimed to synthesize the environmental and ecological factors of SC incidence and mortality.ContentIn this systematic review study, the scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, were searched from inception to November 2019 for all primary articles written in English by using relevant Medical Subject Heading (Mesh) terms. Two independent authors conducted the screening process to decide on the eligibility and inclusion of the articles in the study. The third author acted as an arbiter to resolve any disagreements.Summary and OutlookA total of 157 potentially relevant articles were identified from the initial search 38 of which met the eligibility criteria; finally, 34 articles were included in the systematic review. The results revealed that soil arsenic exposure, coal and other opencast mining installations, living near incinerators and installations for the recovery or disposal of hazardous waste, installations for the production of cement, lime, plaster, and magnesium oxide, proximity to a metal industry sources, dietary iron, ingested asbestos, farming, arsenic in soil, altitude, organochlorines and environmental exposure to cadmium and lead have positive associations with SC incidence or death. Most of the ecological and environmental factors such as living near the mineral industries, the disposal of hazardous waste, metal industry sources and environmental exposure to cadmium and lead are positively related to SC mortality and incidence. However, solar UV-B, heat index and dietary zinc can be taken into account as protective factors against SC mortality and incidence.

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Sihotang, Muhammad sontang. "Model Program Processing of Fishbone Waste Transfer for The Application of Drinking Water Products and Test Characterization." Journal of Technomaterials Physics 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v1i1.827.

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The fish bone waste treatment program for the application of useful products, specifically as a natural ingredient of the drinking water filter.This program works with coastal communities in terms of providing raw materials. This program is a social innovation from the transfer of knowledge of the university's inventors to the coastal communities, in the aim to maintain and improve the cleanliness of the environment, which is then applied for the purpose of developing a water filter system. The contribution of this organic product is useful for Small, Micro & Medium Enterprises engaged in the production of food and beverages, as well as donations for cosmetic and health products to industries, as well as donations to policy development, through the application of environmental physics and science development to product development, pre-commercialization and commercialization (social engineering & manufacturing). The involvement of coastal communities in utilizing their waste is to achieve the empowerment of coastal communities, emphasizing community involvement to learn and cooperate for future development goals. Prior to the formation of this program, the community who failed to take care of its waste often had the waste dumped into the sea, rivers and garbage collection sites. The disposal causes the form of pollution problems that invite various dangerous diseases and cause the community environment to be clean, smelly and diseased. The results of the research have been done, Fish bone waste can be processed to be a product of water filter system resulting from fish processing industry, which contains high calcium. Fish bones are very rich in calcium that is needed by the human body, because the main elements of fish bones are calcium and phosphorus. The use of fish bone calcium is widespread such as overcoming coastal pollution and other environments in the disposal of heavy metals such as Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe).

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Wang, Kun, Hezhong Tian, Shenbing Hua, Chuanyong Zhu, Jiajia Gao, Yifeng Xue, Jiming Hao, Yong Wang, and Junrui Zhou. "A comprehensive emission inventory of multiple air pollutants from iron and steel industry in China: Temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics." Science of The Total Environment 559 (July 2016): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.125.

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Wang, Xuying, Yu Lei, Li Yan, Tao Liu, Qiang Zhang, and Kebin He. "A unit-based emission inventory of SO2, NOx and PM for the Chinese iron and steel industry from 2010 to 2015." Science of The Total Environment 676 (August 2019): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.241.

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Şeker Hirçin, Belgin, Hüseyin Yörür, and Fatih Mengeloğlu. "Effects of filler type and content on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of waste casting polyamide 6 (W-PA6G)-based wood plastic composites." BioResources 16, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): 655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.655-668.

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Cast polyamide 6 (PA6G), trade name Castamide, is a semi-crystalline polymer widely used in the engineering plastics industry. There is a need to recycle valuable waste (W)-PA6G generated during part manufacturing of this polymer (approximately 30%). This study attempts to utilize W-PA6G in the manufacture of wood-plastic composites as a polymeric matrix. The effect of lignocellulosic filler type (FT) and filler content (FC) on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of W-PA6G-based composites were investigated. During manufacturing, N-butyl benzene sulfonamide (N-BBSA) and lithium chloride (LiCl) were utilized as a plasticizer and a melt temperature-lowering salt, respectively. The rice husk (RH) and Uludağ fir wood flour (WF) filled W-PA6G-based composites were successfully manufactured using a combination of extrusion and injection molding. Compared to RH filled composites, WF filled composites provided better tensile and flexural properties (both strength and modulus) at 20% and 30% filler contents. Morphological study showed the nonhomogeneous distribution of fillers in the polymeric matrix. Lignocellulosic filler resulted in reduced melting temperature and crystallinity of W-PA6G-based composites. This reduction was more pronounced in RH filled composites.

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Pitti, Anna R., Omar Espinoza, and Robert Smith. "The case for urban and reclaimed wood in the circular economy." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 5226–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5226-5245.

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Circular economy production, or upcycling of traditional waste products, has evolved in alignment with consumer driven accountability and demand for environmentally friendly alternatives. In recent years, industries have emerged to upcycle materials for value-added production. This paper presents case study interview results used to gather information about current marketing practices within the urban and reclaimed wood industries, which upcycles trees felled in urban areas and wood generated through construction and demolition. Firms reported entering the industry for a variety of reasons, most frequently surrounding intangible raw material and product attributes. Interviewees reported generating primarily made-to-order products, made-to-stock furniture, mantels, slabs, lumber, beams, flooring, millwork, and other products priced largely in line with their competition. Promotion consisted primarily of word of mouth, company webpages, social media, and event participation, such as craft fairs or trade shows. Firms relayed messages of sustainability, local production, quality, and emotional value. Companies primarily participate in direct, retail, or online sales, which have become increasingly prevalent. This paper outlines opportunities to explore, as well as barriers to overcome through examination of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats present in the internal and external environments of the urban and reclaimed wood industries.

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Arias, Edgar, Henry Quesada, and Robert L. Smith. "Competitive strategies for international marketing of hardwood products based on the mining of open questionnaire data." BioResources 15, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 7872–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.7872-7892.

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International markets for U.S. forest products continue to make a significant contribution to the national economy; sustaining growth in production and job creation as demand from domestic markets is still yet to match that observed during the early 2000s. In this context, industry, government, and academia remain focused on procuring better market shares in foreign markets. The goal of this research is to help hardwood mills to improve their understanding of the needs of potential clients abroad and thus helping them to develop a competitive advantage. An exploratory study based on text mining of questionnaire data was conducted following a competitive criteria-based model on the major foreign markets for U.S. hardwood products. From a sample of buyers attending trade shows in Asia and Europe, this work has identified a series of factors for manufacturers to consider in future export ventures. It was determined that price and quality play multiple roles in developing a competitive advantage. Color-consistency and an adequate stock of the right mix of species are considered minimum requirements to compete in those markets. In contrast, certain time-compression dimensions are perceived as opportunities to add value and, therefore, to stay ahead of the competition.

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Perga, Tetiana. "Waste Recycling in the Early Soviet Union Period: the Success Story of Ukrutilzbir JSC." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. Series: History, no. 39 (2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2022-39-26-35.

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Purpose of the article. A significant number of studies have been devoted to waste disposal in the USSR during the Cold War period when waste transformed into a valuable resource for the demanded products in the postwar USSR. The article examines the earlier period of these activities – the 1920s. Using the example of the Ukrainian USSR, it argues that waste collection and reuse programs have already started in the early Soviet Union. The article demonstrates the activities of the non-state company Ukrutilzbir JSC, which was one of the largest waste procurers on the Republican waste market. The methodological basis. The research is based on the analysis of archival materials that have never been introduced into scientific circulation. Relevance. At the moment, this topic has not been studied at all. Conclusions. The article reveals the success story of this actor, the peculiarity of its activity, balancing dependence and independence from the State, competition with state companies. The article suggests that several factors contributed to the success of the company: the presence of a large quantity of waste in Ukraine, the demand of state enterprises in additional row materials, fairly efficient management, and use of an administrative resource in the form of a monopoly right to collect waste that, however, did not protect the company from problems. The author determined problems encountered by waste pickers due to the poverty of the population, which could not «produce» needed by Soviet enterprises the quantity of waste. The author identified methods of motivating the population to hand over waste. The main actors of the waste market in Ukraine, sources of purchase and sale of waste have been identified. They are the following: enterprises of state industry, state trade, cooperatives, private persons, procurers of waste. The author also had analyzed the attempts of state authorities to regulate the relationship between the main waste producers in Ukraine, that were both partners and competitors.

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Wang, Shibao, Yaqin Ji, Jingbo Zhao, Yu Lin, and Zi Lin. "Source apportionment and toxicity assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in a typical iron-steel industry city in northeast China by PMF-ILCR." Science of The Total Environment 713 (April 2020): 136428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136428.

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Mahmoud, Mohamed E., Mohamed M. Saleh, Mohamed M. Zaki, and Gehan M. Nabil. "A sustainable nanocomposite for removal of heavy metals from water based on crosslinked sodium alginate with iron oxide waste material from steel industry." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8, no. 4 (August 2020): 104015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104015.

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Ratnasingam, Jegatheswaran, Florin Ioras, Lim Choon Liat, Jegathesan Ayenkaren, Lee Yan Yi, and Hazirah Ab Latib. "Digital technology application among Malaysian value-added wood products manufacturers." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 2876–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2876-2890.

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The application of digital technologies (DT) has been on the increase within the manufacturing industries since a decade ago. It has been widely suggested that the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of DT in manufacturing industries worldwide, as countries have tried to contain and mitigate the spread of infection through lockdowns and stringent standard operating procedures (SOPs). Hence, a study was undertaken to evaluate this trend in the Malaysian wood products industry, and to identify the key DT used. A questionnaire-based survey was implemented and targeted at the furniture, moldings, and builder’s joinery and carpentry sub-sectors, with the assistance of the relevant trade associations. A total of 477 responses were obtained, and it was found that digital technologies, such as computer aided design (CAD), computer numerical control (CNC), digital communication, digital marketing, and enterprise resources planning (ERP) systems, were highly adopted, but they did not significantly differ in terms of company size or product type. However, the rate of adoption was not uniform, as 5% of the respondent companies did not adopt any digital technologies. The study revealed that wood products companies adopted digital technologies that boosted their production and marketing, while those with limited DT adoption were more severely impacted during the pandemic.

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Shi, Rongjiu, Hui Xu, and Ying Zhang. "Enhanced treatment of wastewater from the vitamin C biosynthesis industry using a UASB reactor supplemented with zero-valent iron." Environmental Technology 32, no. 16 (December 2011): 1859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2011.566583.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Iron industry and trade Waste disposal'

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