Academic literature on the topic 'Iron industry and trade Waste disposal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Iron industry and trade Waste disposal"
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Falkowska, Aleksandra. "Environmental Regulations and Trade Patterns in Hazardous Waste: Facility-level Analysis." Review of European Studies 10, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n3p78.
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This paper offers a fresh look at the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in the context of the waste management industry. Unlike previous research examining trade in waste products, the present study distinguishes between waste destined for final disposal and waste destined for recovery. Furthermore, it combines very disaggregated data with the highly flexible mixed logit model and a reliable measure of environmental policy stringency. Including all those elements in one analysis allowed for the uncovering of the dramatic differences in the reactions of waste generators to the environmental policy stringency of the destination country, depending on the treatment option their waste is slated for. Although there is no evidence confirming the PHH, a significant pollution haven effect has been found. This effect is apparent in the case of waste destined for final disposal. In contrast, facilities exporting waste for recovery are often attracted by the stringency of environmental policy.
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Fazaeli, H., and A. R. Talebian Masoodi. "Nutritive value of Agaricus bisporus mushroom spent wheat straw as ruminant feed." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200008097.
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Since last decades, much interest has been evidenced for bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials such as production of edible mushroom. In Iran, the mushroom industry has been expanded during the last 20 years and currently more than 50000 tons of mushroom compost is produced annually by aerobic fermentation system. The compost remained after cropping of mushroom constitutes a potential pollutant and its disposal increases the production cost. This waste material is usually rich of microorganisms and extra cellular enzymes (Ball and Jacksa, 1995) and contains a high level of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and trace elements and more degradable than the original straw in the rumen (Zadrazil, 1997). However, there are limited information regarding the nutritive value and utilisation of the mushroom spent straw in animal nutrition. This experiment was conducted to study the nutritive value and acceptability of the Agaricus bisporus mushroom spent wheat straw, obtained from bag system mushroom growing in sheep nutrition.
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Geng, Limin, Wenxing Shen, and Zenan Xu. "Embodied carbon and influencing factors of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States." BioResources 17, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 3107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.3107-3129.
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The paper industry is a high-carbon emission and energy-intensive industry. From the perspective of low-carbon trade and carbon neutrality, its energy conservation and emission reduction are worthy of attention. This study used the input-output model to calculate the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States from 2006 to 2020 and used the logarithmic mean division index (LMDI) method to analyze influencing factors of the change of embodied carbon emissions. The study found that the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States generally shows a stable downward trend after reaching the peak with the increase of export trade scale; scale effect is the main factor that causes the embodied carbon emissions, while technological progress, policy support, and environmental regulations are important driving forces to promote carbon emission reduction. The research results of this paper not only can test and guide China’s paper industry trade policies and industrial policies, but they can also provide decision-making reference for China and the United States to promote the carbon emission reduction of the paper industry.
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Bissett, R., and K. Green. "Managing trade waste: what should best practice look like?" Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0138.
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Consideration of best practice in trade-waste management is timely, given the challenges that the water industry and its customers face in managing the triple bottom line so we can maximise sustainability of both our environment and business. City West Water (CWW) is one of Australia’s largest providers of trade-waste disposal services. These services, and the associated trade-waste programmes we operate, are critical to managing the risks associated with trade waste, as well as facilitating the uptake of cleaner production and waste minimisation across industrial and commercial sectors. Providers of trade-waste services have direct contact with many waste generators. This is a unique platform for risk management and facilitation of cleaner production and waste minimisation. Consequently, trade-waste services and programmes are critical to the outworking of Government policies and commitments in relation to cleaner production, waste minimisation and sustainability, as well as to meeting the community’s expectations in relation to waste management. However, it is not these issues alone that should drive consideration of trade-waste management. We must consider these issues alongside the viability of economic development and employment and look for solutions that maximise the beneficial outcomes across all three dimensions of the triple bottom line. This paper takes a look at the current trade-waste management environment, along with the existing legislative and policy frameworks. It then suggests what best practice trade-waste management should entail. It examines key issues and drivers, elements of an effective strategy, roles and responsibilities, resource requirements, challenges/obstacles and solutions, and performance measurement and how it should be communicated.
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Schoeman, Yolandi, Paul Oberholster, and Vernon Somerset. "A Zero-Waste Multi-Criteria Decision-Support Model for the Iron and Steel Industry in Developing Countries: A Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052832.
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The iron and steel industry is a major global industry that consumes vast quantities of energy and causes environmental degradation through greenhouse gas emissions and industrial waste generation, treatment, and disposal. There is a need to manage complex iron and steel industrial waste in Africa, which requires a system engineering approach to zero waste management as informed by multi-criteria decision-making. The purpose of the current study was to develop a hybrid four-step multi-criteria decision-support model, the i-ZEWATA (Industrial Zero Waste Tiered Analysis). I-ZEWATA acts as a road map to understand, design, assess, and evaluate the iron and steel industrial waste systems with the ultimate objective of moving towards and achieving a zero-waste footprint. The results demonstrate that iron and steel waste can be identified, visualized, prioritized, and managed to promote zero-waste by applying a system-engineered approach. Additionally, relationship patterns to environmental, social, operational, and economic aspects with system behavioral patterns and outcomes were identified. It was clear from the case study in South Africa that, although technology and solution investment is essential, waste management, valorization, and treatment components require a concerted effort to improve industrial waste operational management through effective zero-waste decision-support towards a circular economy.
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Halloran, A. R., T. E. Higgins, and G. Mikéta. "Multimedia waste auditing in Hungary: a waste minimization feasibility study for a metal plating facility." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0242.
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Multimedia waste audits of three industries that generate significant quantities of waste and are vital to the future economic life of Hungary were performed by CH2M HILL; VRF (The Institute for Environment and Safety in the Chemical and Explosives Industry); and Post, Buckley, Schuh, and Jernigan (PBS&J). The industries were tanning, chemical production, and metal plating (galvanic). The seven plants selected for the audits were given detailed questionnaires concerning their manufacturing processes, waste production, energy consumption, and waste treatment and disposal practices. The plants were then visited, and the staff were interviewed. The results of the audits were general waste minimization strategies for the seven plants and detailed waste minimization feasibility plans for two of the plants. The plans included cost estimates for the waste minimization recommendations. The results of the audits were used by the Hungarian Ministry of Industry and Trade to provide potential foreign investors with information on how best to invest in these companies to modernize them and reduce their environmental risks and costs.
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Bayram, Bahadır Çağrı. "Evaluation of forest products trade economic contribution by entropy-TOPSIS: Case study of Turkey." BioResources 15, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 1419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1419-1429.
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The forest products industry is one of the most powerful industry branches of Turkey, and as in other developing countries, Turkey has a persistent trade deficit. The present paper aims to evaluate the forest industry products of Turkey regarding their economic contribution by Entropy-TOPSIS, which is a hybrid multicriteria decision making method. The evaluation was done to specify the products which will be able to create currency inflow most for reducing the trade deficit and help economic development. According to computations, the most contributing products are medium-density fiberboard (MDF), high-density fiberboard (HDF), industrial roundwood, and particle board. In addition, household and sanitary papers, as well as other paper and paper board products were found to have great economic potential.
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Palod, Richa, S. V. Deo, and G. D. Ramtekkar. "Utilization of waste from steel and iron industry as replacement of cement in mortars." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 21, no. 6 (July 5, 2019): 1361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00889-3.
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Baidya, Rahul, and Sadhan Kumar Ghosh. "Co-processing of industrial trade rejects in cement plant." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 12 (July 1, 2020): 1314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20936766.
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In India non-hazardous industrial waste is generated at a staggering rate of about 30 million metric tonnes/year; considering the major generators (excluding power plant and mining industry waste) as per Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India (GoI), thus disposing of them is a challenge. The industrial waste generated from fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) trade rejects and expired product is also enormous (although largely remains unaccounted) and needs to be disposed of by the producer as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, GoI. Co-processing of this industrial trade rejects in cement plant can be a prominent solution as it reduces the disposal problem of the solid waste stream and provides an alternative methodology for complete thermal and material recovery of the waste with no by-products. Co-processing further reduces the use of conventional resources by utilizing the waste as an alternative fuel and raw materials. The study thus analyzes a co-processing trial of a month in a cement plant in the southern part of India and based on the obtained data, the environmental and operational sustainability was studied. The economic benefit obtainable was also analyzed based on the achieved substitution benefit. Parameters such as emission and quality of the final product were gauged. The leaching behavior of the final product was also analyzed. Thus, the findings will help in reducing the carbon footprints of the industrial wastes, specifically the FMCG trade waste, and will show the sustainability of co-processing waste in Indian cement plants.
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jun, Li, and Ju Yanmei. "Preparation of polymeric aluminum ferric sulphate from waste residue of aluminum industry." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127104005.
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Polymeric aluminum ferric sulphate(PAFS) was prepared from high-sulfur bauxite flotation tailings and red mud by roasting, acid leaching and polymerization. The effects of leaching temperature, leaching time, liquid-solid ratio on the leaching rate of Al3+ and Fe3+were investigated. The optimal leaching conditions are as follows: leaching temperature 100℃, leaching time 90 min, sulfuric acid concentration 4.5mol/L and liquid-solid ratio 5 mg/L. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on the PAFS prepared under the optimum process parameters. The characterization of PAFS shows that the synthesized PAFS had polymeric aluminum, iron and hydroxyl structures. Wastewater disposal test of synthetic PAFS shows that the removal rates of COD, turbidity and chromaticity are 45.61%, 75% and 94.18%, respectively.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iron industry and trade Waste disposal"
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Ng, Chiu-ue, and 吳昭榆. "Food waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194571.
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In Hong Kong, around 3,600 tonnes of food waste is produced every day. Although different pilot schemes and programmes had been operated by government and organizations, most of them were more like demonstrations on different methods in treating food waste. Up to this stage, no concrete facilities and long-term schemes have been carried out by the government to tackle the food waste generated. In this study, different approaches to treat food waste have been explored and relevant practices in Hong Kong have been investigated. In order to obtain the first hand information from the local situation, 250, 11 and four sets of questionnaires were distributed to the general public, catering sectors and green groups and other NGOs respectively. The relationship between the knowledge and attitude of food waste management and demographics characteristics of the participants were studied. Apart from questionnaires, four interviews with green groups and NGO were conducted. The results showed that all three sectors support implementation of food waste management, and were not satisfied with the current status of food waste management in Hong Kong. Both the general public and the catering sector found “converting food waste to renewable energy” the most suitable practice for food waste management in Hong Kong, while “food waste charging scheme” gain most of the support from the green groups and NGOs. Recommendations were made according to the results of the questionnaires, interviews and literature reviews on successful overseas case studies.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
2
Leung, Oi-kwan Winnie. "A preliminary study on the Hong Kong external trade of non-ferrous metal waste (and scrap) and other potentially hazardous waste materials /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1470934X.
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Shoko, Sipiwe. "Valorisation of industrial waste : extraction of bioactive compounds from Brewer’s spent grain." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2766.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Brewer’s spent grain (BSG), a solid residue obtained from brewing beer, is gaining attention in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry due to its use as natural source of colorants, texturisers, functional ingredients and preservatives. It is therefore necessary to develop an economically viable method for the extraction, isolation or enrichment of these compounds. Although literature shows the technical feasibility of extraction of bioactive compounds from BSG at laboratory bench scale, none of the reviewed literature could provide adequate information necessary to determine the economic feasibility of the process at commercial scale. The aim of this study was to investigate the technical and economic viability of a commercial process for the recovery of antioxidant rich polyphenolic compounds from brewers spent grain using organic solvents and/or water. The objectives were to select the best solvent, perform the optimisation and kinetic study, as well as to model and simulate the extraction process with the aim of performing an economic analysis. In selecting the best solvent, maceration and soxhlet extraction were used for the recovery of polyphenolic compounds. Acetone and acetone: water mixtures, ethanol and ethanol: water mixtures as well as pure water were used as solvents. The evaluation of the best solvent was measured by the total phenolic content (TPC), flavonol content, the antioxidant activity using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The study performed optimisation for various operational parameters (time, temperature, solvent to feed ratio and shaking speed) using response surface method. The effect of temperature on the extraction kinetics was also investigated with experiments being carried out at 20°C, 40°C and 80°C. Antioxidant activity was detected in all BSG extracts, but water showed the highest global yield and rates of extraction. The optimum conditions were found at 15 min reaction time, temperature of 40 °C, shaking speed of 185 rpm and solvent to solid ratio of 27.5: 1. So-Macdonald model was a suitable fit for the experimental data with a R2-value range of (0.85 < r2 < 0.995). A processing scenario was proposed as a base case, upon which subsequent scenarios were generated to improve the operation or the economics. SuperPro Designer® (Intelligen, Inc) was used for modelling the proposed process, for simulation and for the economic evaluation. Four alternative schemes from the base case simulation were developed for optimisation of the process. The process was found to be economically feasible and attractive with a return of investment (ROI) of 48.45 % for alternative scheme 4. The results in this thesis highlight the likely economic feasibility of the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from BSG at commercial scale by the maceration method.
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Lam, Yik-man, and 林奕雯. "Partnership for sustainable waste management: a case study of the food waste recycling partnership scheme in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48543263.
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Waste management is one of the key issues of sustainable development. In Hong Kong, there is food waste management measures but it seems that they have a fair share of limitations. The amount of food waste disposed rose from 3,154 tons in 2005 to 3,237 tons in 2010, which has not shown a significant reduction in volume in recent years. Businesses are becoming more aware of their corporate social responsibility and they definitely have a role to play in sustainable food waste management. Food waste management requires a large amount of resource input and infrastructural support, therefore a collaborative network between the government, businesses and social organizations will surely allows for better performance. The Food Waste Recycling Partnership Scheme (FWRPS) is chosen to be the subject of this case study. It is a partnership program aiming to tackle the food waste problem in Hong Kong’s private sector. A total of 18 companies are chosen as case subjects for the study and are divided into three groups: 1) the participants of the FWRPS; 2) the non-participants of the FWRPS but with self-initiatives for food waste management and 3) the companies without much food waste management initiatives. The three groups are then compared and contrasted upon the drivers, barriers to food waste management and the role of the FWRPS towards effective food waste management. Major factors are drawn from the study such as corporate leadership and resource availability. It is found that those driving and hindering factors varies as companies adopt different food waste management options. In creating these differences, the FWRPS also plays an important role. The scheme succeeded in facilitating food waste management in the private sector as it allows resource pooling and knowledge input. It also has limitations such as the small scale and the lack of promotion. Such partnership would be effective only if each partner is committed to work towards the same objectives. Also, the partners should have their own roles and shoulder their responsibilities. For example, the government should provide the required infrastructure while non-governmental organizations focus on environmental education. In the long run however, the private sector should tailor its own system of food waste management along with legislative support from the government.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Mowat, Shaun Phillip. "Economic incentives in controlling pollution in the South African leather industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002745.
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The objective of the research was to ascertain whether, when compared to a system'of standards, the theoretical promise that economic incentives offered as a low cost solution to the abatement problem, would hold in practice. This was done by applying environmental economic theory to the practical problem of controlling the effluent generated by firms in the South African leather industry. It was found that in this instance the theory did indeed hold in practice. Furthermore, it was found that of the incentives discussed by the theory, marketable permits were the most economically efficient. It was however shown that a charge - not discussed in the ., theory - based on a central treatment agency's (CTA) cost of treatment offered the least cost solution to the abatement problem when the CTA could do at least some of the effluent treatment at a lower cost than the firms. - In addition a formula was developed to show the net benefits accruing to an individual firm if it undertook to treat its effluent. It was shown that in order to maximise the total benefits of treatment, a firm should treat until its net benefits of treatment were zero. A number of problem however were found to exist when the theory was applied to a practical situation. The most important was the "stepped" nature of the firms marginal abatement cost curves which meant that the setting of a charge based on a trial and error method would prove to be more difficult than the theory envisaged. Furthermore, it meant that no matter what method of pollution control was used, it would prove i~possible to reduce effluent to an optimal level. It was recommended that greater use be made of economic incentives to control all industrial effluent. It would nonetheless be necessary to do more research in this field as the theory was not tailor made for all practical situations. Further evidence of the viability of economic incentives could however encourage wider use by policy makers.
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Ntiribinyange, Mary Solange. "Degradation of textile wastewater using ultra-small Β-Feooh/Tio2 heterojunction structure as a visible light photocatalyst." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2467.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.The worldwide high demand for drinking water has led to the development of numerous advanced wastewater treatment processes. Photocatalysis has recently become an alternative and attractive technique for green energy production and environmental remediation. It is also a wastewater treatment technique which is considered reliable and is expected to provide a sustainable solution to the scarcity of clean water. In particular, heterogeneous photocatalysts based on TiO2 nanoparticles and sunlight have been proposed as a powerful technique for degradation and mineralisation of persistent organic pollutants (POP`s). Although this method seems promising, some critical challenges are still to be addressed: namely, low photoefficiencies, faster electron and hole (𝑒−⁄ℎ+) pair recombination, utilisation of UV light and catalyst removal after treatment of pollutants.
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Rademeyer, Sharon. "Poly(γ-glutamic) acid (PGA) production from confectionery waste using Bacillus species." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2840.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Approximately 9 million tonnes of food waste is generated annually in South Africa. Its treatment, including treatment of confectionery waste, is costly because of the high chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads; as a result much of this waste is sent to landfill. South Africa’s confectionery industry contributes to a significant proportion of the country’s economy. Among the confectionery waste entering landfills are defective material, expired sweets and returns. This high COD waste can create breeding grounds for pathogenic microorganisms and anaerobic methanogens, causing negative environmental impacts. Part of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) Waste Research, Development and Innovation (RD&I) roadmap initiative is to minimise waste entering landfills by identifying waste sources from which to produce value that will contribute to social and economic growth. Confectionery waste has a high sugar content which can be used for feedstock to bioprocesses. By placing this bioproduction into a waste biorefinery framework, bio-based raw materials can be used to produce competitively priced products with low environmental impact, thereby optimising remediation and value generation simultaneously. Ongoing research at the Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER) at the University of Cape Town has shown that a wastewater biorefinery approach can use wastewater as feedstock for the generation of products of value. Previous studies have investigated potential products of value based on nutrient loads found in wastewater as well as the nature of the product. Among the organisms selected was the Bacillus species, producing the potential product poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA), an extracellular poly-amino acid when there is an excess of nutrients. Similarly, this product could potentially be produced from sugar-rich waste candy. The aim of this study was to explore the use of hard candy waste as a feedstock for PGA, and Bacillus licheniformis JCM 2505 was selected as it was characterised in terms of the nutrients needed. The most attractive attribute of this strain was that it did not need L-glutamic acid to synthesise PGA but could do so from sugar. L-glutamic acid is costly. Using a cheaper nitrogen alternative would make the process more cost effective. To investigate this potential, the confectionery waste was characterised to identify the nutrients, namely, sugars, organic nitrogen and key trace elements needed for cell function and PGA production. Results showed that the nitrogen content and trace element concentrations were insignificant, as it was determined that the waste consisted mostly of sucrose. This therefore had to be supplemented with a basal medium containing the supplementation needed for cell function and PGA production. The growth of B. licheniformis was profiled in Erlenmeyer shake flasks using candy waste supplemented with the basal medium, with sucrose supplemented with basal medium as a control. The results showed similar trends on candy waste and sucrose.
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Ngai, Ho-yee, and 危可兒. "Food waste management in a Hong Kong secondary school campus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4854341X.
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Food wastage is becoming a serious problem in Hong Kong. At present, Hong Kong relies simply on landfills to dispose of its waste. Nevertheless, such reliance is not sustainable. It may also lead to different social and environmental problems. With the primary aim to lessen environmental damage and achieve environmental sustainability, food waste recycling can save energy, conserve resources and prolong lifespan of landfills. Therefore, it is important to educate youngsters in order to develop their responsibility and habits in protecting the environment. It has been reported that recycling awareness should be instilled into people’s mind from their childhood. Through food waste recycling programmes held in schools, students can increase their awareness and knowledge in that aspect and develop skills for the solutions of environmental problems. On the other hand, such programmes would help reduce food waste at source and draw public attention to the food waste problem.
The aims of this study focus on the introduction of a food waste management programme in a Hong Kong secondary school campus and exploring the feasibility and viability of extending it to other secondary schools in Hong Kong in order to minimize waste disposed to landfills.
The study shows that the students may gain knowledge about food waste recycling through practical field experience by joining both of the Food Waste Recycling Programme and the Organic Farming Programme under the food waste management policies developed in the school. They allow students to engage more in recycling behavior and increase their awareness of food waste avoidance, reduction and recycling in their daily life. With the tripartite cooperation the Government, the participating schools and the secondary school students, the food waste management held in the school campus is feasible and viable to extend to other secondary schools in Hong Kong in order to lessen the pressure of local landfills.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Chan, Yip-wai Edward. "A preliminary study on cooking oil waste management in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2012613X.
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Joyce, Jim. "Color and TOC removal from pulp and paper wastes by ultrafiltration." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91035.
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Ultrafiltration studies were conducted to determine a treatment approach to remove color and organic carbon from the pulp and paper wastewaters at the Union Camp Corporation, Franklin, VA.
Analysis of data collected during this research indicate that ultrafiltration can produce an effluent with less than 5 color units and less than 5 mg/L TOC (99% and 97% removal respectively). The data also indicate that biotreatment of the wastes prior to ultrafiltration removes the smaller molecular weight organic compounds, making ultrafiltration more effective.
Pretreatment by pH adjustment and alum coagulation were not effective in improving ultrafiltration performance. Concentration studies indicate that volume reductions up to 95% may be accomplished without excessive membrane fouling. Membrane cleaning with caustic, hypochlorite and detergent produced identical results.
It is expected that ultrafiltration would be a more cost effective method of color and TOC removal than coagulation, and would not require sludge disposal.M.S.
Books on the topic "Iron industry and trade Waste disposal"
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EWM (Seminar) (3rd 2000 Jamshedpur, India). Environmental & waste management in iron & steel industries. Edited by Bandopadhyay Amitava, Goswami N. G. 1957-, Rao Ramachandra P. 1942-, National Metallurgical Laboratory (India), Indian Institute of Metals. Jamshedpur Chapter., United Nations Development Proramme (India), and TCDC International Workshop (1999 : Jamshedpur, India). Jamshedpur: National Metallurgical Laboratory & Indian Institute of Metals, Jamshedpur Chapter, 1999.
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EWM (Seminar) (1996 Jamshedpur, India). Environmental & waste management in metallurgical industries: Proceedings of the national seminar, February 12-13, 1996, Jamshedpur, India. Edited by Bandopadhyay Amitava, Goswami N. G. 1957-, Rao Ramachandra P. 1942-, National Metallurgical Laboratory (India), and Indian Institute of Metals. Jamshedpur Chapter. Jamshedpur, India: National Metallurgical Laboratory & the Indian Institute of Metals, Jamshedpur Chapter, 1996.
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Gang tie gong ye lü se sheng chan yu lü se guan li. Beijing: Zhongguo huan jing ke xue chu ban she, 2011.
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Hamdy, Yousry. Status report on the effluent monitoring data for the iron and steel sector: For the period from November 1, 1989 to October 31, 1990. [Toronto]: Environment Ontario, 1991.
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Hamdy, Yousry. Status report on the effluent monitoring data for the iron and steel sector: For the period from November 1, 1989 to October 31, 1990. [Toronto]: Environment Ontario, 1991.
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Protection, Alberta Alberta Environmental. Waste minimization manual: Paint industry. Edmonton: Action on Waste, Alberta Environmental Protection, 1997.
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1943-, Mustafa Nabil, ed. Plastics waste management: Disposal, recycling, and reuse. New York: M. Dekker, 1993.
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Holmes, John R. The United Kingdom waste management industry report 1997. [Northampton]: [Institute of Wastes Management], 1998.
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Department, East Sussex (England) Transport and Environment. Waste strategy: Dealing with the waste of East Sussex and Brighton and Hove. Lewes: East Sussex County Council, 1998.
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Inc, Wotherspoon Environmental. Waste management guidelines for the Saskatchewan upstream oil and gas industry. [Saskatchewan]: SPIGEC, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Iron industry and trade Waste disposal"
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Jacob, W. M. "The Context." In Religious Vitality in Victorian London, 10–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897404.003.0002.
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London during the Victorian period was the largest city in the world, a focus for migration, and the centre of international finance, trade, and manufacturing as well as technological and scientific research, and the seat of imperial government. Its population included the very rich and the very poor, and a rapidly expanding professional and commercial middle class. Despite its vast and growing population, the metropolis had no formal identity and no central authority to coordinate services with the result that for much of the period water supplies and waste disposal were chaotic. With overcrowded housing, disease was endemic, and the death rate high. London was a very unhealthy place. Commercial success led to major redevelopment in the centre, and constant outward migration leading to suburbanization, a developing suburban transport network, segregation of classes, and a rapidly expanding leisure industry. Fluctuations in trade and economic downturns led to financial insecurity and political anxieties, periods of extreme distress among the poorest contributing to social unrest and fuelled millenarian hopes and fears. This provided the context for an extraordinary level of religious and religiously inspired philanthropic activity.
Conference papers on the topic "Iron industry and trade Waste disposal"
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Nakayama, Shinichi, Yoshio Watanabe, and Masami Kato. "Regulatory Research for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste in Japan." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40116.
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The Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (NISA) has renewed its regulatory role and its need for regulatory research on radioactive waste management, with recent circumstances of radioactive waste management in Japan being taken into consideration. In response, a technical supporting organization, the Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES), in 2009 released the five-year research plan “Regulatory Research Plan on Radioactive Waste Management 2010–2014”, in cooperation with the research institutes of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). The geological disposal research plan and the future research activities are outlined in this paper. JNES launched safety studies on geological disposal in 2003, the year it was established. JAEA and AIST joined as regulatory support research institutes in 2005. In October 2007, all three parties signed an agreement of cooperative study on geological disposal, which facilitated joint studies and exchanges of staff, data, and results. One of the ongoing joint studies has focused on regional-scale hydrogeological modeling using JAEA’s Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory.
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Yang, Bo, He-xi Wu, and Yi-bao Liu. "Simulation and Analysis: The Dose Distribution of KBS-3 Spent Nuclear Fuel Canister by MCNP." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29058.
Full textAbstract:
With the sustained and rapid development of the nuclear power plants, the spent fuel which is produced by the nuclear power plants will be rapidly rising. Spent fuel is High-level radioactive waste and should be disposed safely, which is important for the environment of land, public safety and health of the nuclear industry, the major issues of sustainable development and it is also necessary part for the nuclear industry activities. It is important to study and resolve the high-level radioactive waste repository problem. Spent nuclear fuel is an important component in the radioactive waste, The KBS-3 canister for geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Sweden consists of a ductile cast iron insert and a copper shielding. The ductile cast iron insert provides the mechanical strength whereas the copper protects the canister from corrosion. The canister inserts material were referred to as I24, I25 and I26, Spent nuclear fuel make the repository in high radiant intensity. The radiation analysis of canister insert is important in canister transport, the dose analysis of repository and groundwater radiolysis. Groundwater radiolysis, which produces oxidants (H2O2 and O2), will break the deep repository for spent nuclear fuel. The dose distribution of canister surface with different kinds of canister inserts (I24, I25 and I26) is calculated by MCNP (Ref. 1). Analysing the calculation results, we offer a reference for selecting canister inserts material.
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Ellouz, Manel, Eva Kasparek, and Holger Völzke. "BAM Challenges for Design Testing of Waste Containers for the Final Repository KONRAD." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96258.
Full textAbstract:
Up to the end of this decade, corresponding to the planned date of starting operation in the final disposal KONRAD for non-heat generating waste in Germany, a lot of efforts are needed to condition and package the radioactive waste in containers certified by BfS (Federal Institute for Radiation Protection). This waste is produced by public sector and industry as well as nuclear energy facilities, which result in more than a half of the actually declared quantity growing especially after the phase out decision of nuclear power production in Germany and the subsequent decommissioning of nuclear power plants. BAM (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) acts as responsible authority on behalf of BfS for design testing under consideration of the KONRAD requirements. Within the assessment procedure of containers, BAM has to verify the application documents, including material qualification, container geometry, corrosion protection, leakage rate and operational and accidental loading, and to evaluate quality assurance measures. Besides the previous completed approvals for various containers such as steel sheet and cast iron box-shaped containers and concrete cylindrical ones, BAM is actually carrying assessments for other types such as cast iron cylindrical containers and “old” steel sheet box shaped ones. The so called “old” containers present already loaded containers without any KONRAD certification, currently stored at licensed interim storages. In the benefit of the container assessment, BAM operates design testing facilities for drop and fire tests which are also used for research objectives to improve and expand the evaluation methods such as research project ConDrop. The latter deals with numerical simulations and analyses tools for further precise predictions about unfavorable drop test scenarios, safety margins, and design sensitivities for steel sheet containers. Furthermore, during the assessment procedure, several specifications about the containers, the inventory to be disposed and the required safety level have been intensely debated by authorities and applicants. Based on its experience in qualifying containers, BAM has been commissioned to identify insufficiently specified aspects in the waste acceptance criteria and to propose clearer definitions with regard to the secondary regulations in the planning approval notice. This paper focuses on aspects of the contribution of BAM in certifying KONRAD waste containers. This will include the current state of design testing procedures, evaluation methods that are available or are being developed and the main topics within the KONRAD requirements being actually specified by BAM.
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Baker, Stuart, Mark Andrew, Matthew Kirby, Matthew Bower, David Walls, Lee Hunter, and Alan Stewart. "Mercury Contamination of Process and Pipeline Infrastructure - A Novel, All- Encompassing Solution for the Evaluation and Decontamination of Mercury from Pipelines and Topside Process Equipment to allow Safe Disposal." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208475-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Mercury present in produced oil and gas will deposit onto the internal process infrastructure via a number of mechanisms including chemisorption and adsorption with the primary mechanism being through reaction with iron sulphide to form mercury sulphide. Due to the volumes of fluids produced and the length of time facilities are in production, even where the produced fluids have historically contained relatively low concentrations of mercury, pipeline scales containing percentage levels of mercury may be present. Thus, aged facilities and infrastructure that have reached the end of their operational life and are selected for either recycling or abandonment, may pose a serious risk to health and the environment if the decommissioning process is not managed correctly. Smelting, hot cutting or other thermal/abrasive surface preparations for example, can lead to significant release of elemental mercury, a worker exposure hazard. Alternatively, if sub-sea pipelines are abandoned in-situ, all mercury present will ultimately be transferred to the local ecosystems. Consequently, the oil and gas industry have the requirement for a complete mercury decontamination solution from initial evaluation, demonstrable cleaning efficacy through to a guarantee for the treatment and disposal of the mercury waste generated in an environmentally-friendly manner. In order to decide upon the most appropriate decontamination solution, an evaluation of the extent of mercury contamination should be undertaken. A novel approach that has recently been successfully implemented involved analysis of pipe sections by multiple analytical techniques, providing the mercury concentration in the scale/steel. From this, the total mass of mercury across the process or pipeline was approximated. Subsequently, the efficacy of the preferred chemical to remove mercury from the internal surfaces of pipework was evaluated by chemical treatment of the pipe sections under laboratory conditions. In-situ decontamination can be performed by a number of applications, including (i) the use of chemical pig trains in pipelines, (ii) closed loop circulation of chemical around topside process equipment and (iii) high pressure spraying of large surface areas such as storage tanks, FSO / FPSO vessels. The mercury waste generated is treated, on site or off site, to minimise the volume and disposed of in accordance with international regulations. An all-encompassing mercury decontamination solution is described. Trials involving the chemical treatment of steel sections have demonstrated that more than 97% of the mercury deposited can be removed from the internal surfaces of pipelines and safely disposed of, significantly reducing the risk of (i) mercury release to the environment and (ii) worker exposure to mercury during smelting activities.