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1
Oti-Boateng, Peggy. "Effects of dietary calcium on intestinal non-haem iron absorption during weaning." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho881.pdf.
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Corrigenda tipped to title page. Bibliography: leaves 313-353. This study investigated the iron status and dietary intakes in 6-24 month old children in Australia and Ghana and assessed the effects of dietary calcium on intestinal iron absorption. The true prevalence of non-anaemic iron deficiency (NAID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and dietary intakes in infants and toddlers from a broad socio-economic background were assessed by haematological and biochemical parameters, semi-quantitative diet recall and anthropometric measurements. The high prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia found in Australian and Ghanaian children can be attributed to the low intake of bioavailable iron in weaning diets which are often ingested with large amounts of calcium. While calcium has been shown to inhibit the absorption of iron, its mechanism of interaction with iron absorption at the intestinal level is not known. The rat was used as an experimental model to investigate the effects of dietary calcium on duodenal iron uptake. The results indicate there is a critical period during weaning when the consumption of high dietary calcium with low iron can retard growth potential. Dietary calcium significantly inhibits non-haem iron absorption at the intracellular level by up-regulating villus enterocyte ferritin concentrations under iron deficiency conditions.
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Adish, Abdulaziz A. "Risk factors and an assessment of control strategies for iron deficiency anemia in children in northern Ethiopia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36948.pdf.
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Al-Othman, Abdulaziz Mohammad. "Iron intake and iron deficiency in young children." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26072.
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These studies have sought to assess iron intake in young children (9-36 months), to identify nutritional and other factors that may affect iron intake and iron status. A 4-day weighted food inventory, a semi-quantitative food frequency and social questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used. Haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum ferritin (SF), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and haematocrit (Hct) were estimated in blood. Studies in Saudi Arabia: 104 healthy children randomly chosen from eight different health centres have been studied either longitudinally (n=55) or cross sectionally (n=49). Twenty four previously diagnosed iron deficient children from three hospitals were studied. Studies in Edinburgh: 62 healthy children aged 9 and 36 months old were studied. They were those whose parents agreed to participate from a larger number chosen randomly from children registered at three health centres in Edinburgh using the Lothian Health Board list. Prevalence of Anaemia in Children at The Royal Hospital for Sick Children (RHSC) and Diet: The prevalence of anaemia over a 2 months period in children whose blood samples were analysed in the Haematology Dept. was calculated. In 59 children whose parents completed a semi-quantitative food frequency and social questionnaire, of those, the iron intake and iron status was studied in detail, 41 with Hb below 11 g/dl, and 18 with normal Hb. Iron intakes less than both the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) and the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI) have been shown to be common in children studied. Breakfast cereals and meat in addition to infant formula are important dietary factors which positively influence iron intake and iron status in this age group who are vulnerable to iron deficiency anaemia. These foods should be strongly recommended to parents for inclusion in the post-weaning diet of children of this age. A food frequency questionnaire can be used to identify children at risk.
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Pacey, Angela. "Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among preschool Inuit children living in Nunavut." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66931.
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Limited information is available about iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among preschool-aged Inuit children. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 388 Inuit children, aged 3 to 5 years, from 16 Nunavut communities. Interviews were conducted on dietary and household characteristics. Height, weight and biomarkers of iron status and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) exposure were measured. The prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA was calculated and risk factors were examined. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 19.2%, of IDA was 4.5% and of anemia was 20.3%. Only 0.3% of chil dren had usual iron intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement. H. pylori exposure, food insecurity and household crowding were not associated with iron deficiency or IDA. Three to four year olds were more likely to be iron deficient than 5 year olds. Boys were more likely to be iron deficient than girls.Peu d'informations sont disponibles sur la carence en fer et l'anémie due à une carence en fer (ACF) chez les Inuits d'âge pré-scolaire. Un sondage transversales a été conduit avec 388 enfants Inuit âgés de 3 à 5 ans, dans 16 communautés du Nunavut. Des interviewers ont conduit des entrevues alimentaires et des questionnaires à propos des caractéristiques des ménages. La taille, le poids, ainsi que des marqueurs biologiques du niveau de fer et de l'exposition à Helicobacter pylori ont été mesurés. La prévalence de la carence en fer et de l'ACF a été calculée et les facteurs de risque ont été examinées. La prévalence de la carence en fer a été 19.2%, de l'ACF a été 4.5% et de l'anémie a été 20.3%. Seulement 0.3% des enfants avaient des apports habituels en fer sous le besoin moyen estimatif. L'exposition à H. pylori, l'insécurité alimentaire et le nombre d'habitants par ménage n'étaient pas associés à une carence en fer ou à de l'ACF. La carence en fer était plus élevée chez les enfants âgés de 3 à 4 ans que chez ceux de 5 ans. La carence en fer était aussi plus élevée chez les garçons que chez les filles.
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Kemmer, Teresa M. "Iron deficiency anemia in refugee children from Burma : a policy proposal /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6595.
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Newhouse, Ian Joseph. "The effects of prelatent and latent iron deficiency on physical work capacity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27470.
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In order to examine the effects of prelatent/latent iron deficiency on physical work capacity and selected muscle enzyme activities, forty female subjects were studied before and after eight weeks of supplementation with either oral iron or a matching placebo.
Initially, female volunteers engaged in regular endurance running were screened for iron deficiency by blood analysis (serum ferritin and hemoglobin). Forty non-anemic subjects with deficient iron stores underwent physiological and anthropometric tests to obtain a comprehensive profile. The specific physical work capacity tests were alactic and lactacid power on the Wingate cycle ergometer test, lactacid capacity on the anaerobic speed test, anaerobic (ventilatory) threshold using gas exchange variables, V0₂ max. and the max.
treadmill velocity during the V0₂ max. test. Muscle biopsy samples
pre-, and post- treatment were assayed for citrate synthase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity. Treatment was oral iron supplementation (320 mg ferrous sulfate = 100 mg elemental iron taken as SLOW-Fe® twice a day) or a matching placebo. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups and a double-blind method of administration of the supplements was used. It was hypothesized that work capacity would be enhanced following oral iron supplementation, possibly due to the repletion of iron containing oxidative enzymes important in energy production. Results could not strongly support this hypothesis with the difference between the two groups on the work capacity and enzyme activity variables being statistically nonsignificant. Serum ferritin values rose from a mean of 12.4+4.5 to 37.7+19.7 ngml⁻¹ for the experimental group and 12.2±4.3 to 17.2±8.9 for the controls; (p=0.0025). Hemoglobin levels remained fairly constant for both treatment groups; 13.4±0.6 to 13.5±0.5 gdl⁻¹ (experimental), and 13.0±0.6 to 13.1+0.5 (control); (p=0.6). Pre to post values on the work capacity variables, experimental vs control respectively were: Alactic power, 8.8 to 8.4 watts-kg⁻¹ body wt. vs 8.4 to 8.2; lactacid capacity, 6.9 to 6.9 watts-kg⁻¹ body wt. vs 7.0 to 6.0; anaerobic speed test, 41.3 to 45.1 seconds vs 43.7 to 44.8; anaerobic threshold, 7.4 to 7.5 mileshour⁻¹ vs 7.2 to 7.2; V0₂ max, 51.3 to 52.7 ml-kg⁻¹ min⁻¹ vs 50.6 to 50.6; max velocity during V0₂ max, 9.8 to 9.8 mileshour⁻¹ vs
9.6 to 9.5. Except for alactic power, the change in work capacity favored the iron treated group. Noting this trend, further study may be warranted. Prelatent/latent iron deficiency appeared not to depress the activities of the two enzymes measured. Cytoplasmic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity rose from 0.066 to 0.085 units for the experimental group (p=.58) vs .058 to .066 for the control group and citrate synthase activity changed from 0.047 to 0.048 (experimental) vs 0.039 to 0.042 (control). It can be concluded that eight weeks of iron supplementation to prelatent/latent iron deficient, physically active females does not significantly enhance work capacity nor the activity of 2 oxidative muscle enzymes (citrate synthase and cytoplasmic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase). Within the limitations of this study the presence of a serum ferritin below 20 ng-ml⁻¹ does not pose a significant handicap to anaerobic or aerobic capacity.Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate
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Persson, Viveka. "Vitamin A Intake, Status and Improvement Using the Dietary Approach : Studies of Vulnerable Groups in Three Asian Countries." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5106-3/.
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Oppenheimer, Stephen James. "Iron deficiency and susceptibility to infection : a prospective study of the effects of iron deficiency and iron prophylaxis in infants in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1891d054-1564-47f5-b2e0-b6da5f60e996.
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Investigation of the relationship between iron deficiency, iron supplementation and susceptibility to infection, was suggested by the author's initial observations of an association of anaemia with serious bacterial infections in infancy in Papua New Guinea. The bulk of previous longitudinal clinical intervention studies in infancy showed beneficial effects of iron supplementation. However, defects of control and design and recording in these studies and contradictory anecdotal reports left the question unresolved. A prospective, placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind trial of iron prophylaxis (3ml intramuscular iron dextran = 150mg Fe) to two month old infants was carried out on the North Coast of Papua New Guinea where there is high transmission of malaria. A literature review, pilot studies, protocol, demography, geography and laboratory methods developed are described. Findings indicate that the placebo control group became relatively iron deficient over the first year of life and that the iron dextran group had adequate, although not excessive iron stores and a higher mean haemoglobin; however, the prevalence and effects of malaria recorded in the field were higher in the iron dextran group. Analysis of field and hospital infectious morbidity in the trial indicated a deleterious association with iron dextran for all causes including respiratory infections (the main single reason for admission). Total duration of hospitalisation was significantly increased in the iron dextran group. Analysis of other factors showed (1) a higher admission rate associated with low weight-for-height recorded at the start of the trial; (2) a significant positive correlation between birth haemoglobin and hospital morbidity rates; (3) increased malaria rates in primiparous mothers of the cohort infants who received iron infusion during pregnancy; (4) lower relative risk of malaria associated with iron prophylaxis in individuals with alpha thalassaemia, which was found to be highly prevalent in this region. In conclusion, it is suggested that policies of iron supplementation, total dose iron injection and routine presumptive iron therapy for anaemia which are widely in practice in malaria endemic areas should be closely reviewed.
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Harding, Scott V. "Evaluation of the iron, antioxidant and dietary status of iron supplemented breastfed healthy infants /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,160317.
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Kargarnovin, Zahra. "Prevalence, risk factors and results of intervention among anaemic Iranian children in a low socio-economic community in urban Tehran." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298280.
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Zitting, Megan M. "Comparison of Iron Supplementation and Albendazole on Anemia in Ghanaian Children." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6425.
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Half a billion school aged children suffer from anemia, with the majority of anemia caused by iron deficiency. Researchers have shown a strong correlation between low hemoglobin levels and presence of intestinal parasites in children with anemia. Childhood anemia has profound negative effects on physical growth, maturation, and cognitive development leading to poorer educational achievement. Using hemoglobin as a measure of anemia, this quasi-experimental study investigated impact of either iron supplementation or an antiparasitic medication on hemoglobin levels in two groups of children in a rural region of Eastern Ghana. Surprisingly, after a 6-month intervention period, hemoglobin levels in both groups significantly decreased. Further research is needed toinvestigate other factors impacting nutrition and incidence of anemia in pediatric populations in developing countries.
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Moraleda, Redecilla Cinta. "Contribución de la anemia y de la exposición al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana a la morbi-mortalidad infantil en África." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/298467.
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INTRODUCCIÓN
Cada año mueren en el mundo más de 6 millones de niños menores de 5 años. Cerca del 50% en África subsahariana. Mejorar el conocimiento de patologías como la anemia y la exposición perinatal al VIH, que tienen un peso relevante pero poco reconocido en la mortalidad infantil, podría ayudar a reducir estas muertes.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS
Para determinar la etiología de anemia en Mozambique, profundizar en la etiopatogenia de la anemia asociada a malaria y determinar el mejor marcador serológico para el diagnóstico de ferropenia, se llevó a cabo un estudio de casos y controles, siendo los casos 443 niños preescolares hospitalizados con anemia (concentración de Hb < 11gr/dl) y los controles comunitarios 289 niños sin anemia.
Para evaluar el impacto de la exposición perinatal al VIH sobre la morbilidad y los parámetros hematológicos e inmunológicos de los niños mozambiqueños expuestos pero no infectados (ENI) se realizó un estudio de cohortes prospectivo en el que se evaluaron 158 lactantes (menores de 1 año) ENI y 160 lactantes no expuestos al VIH a los 1, 3, 9 y 12 meses después del nacimiento. Además se registraron todas las visitas al servicio de emergencia y los ingresos. Los niños ENI recibieron cotrimoxazol profiláctico.
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
La desnutrición, la malaria, la infección por VIH y la deficiencia de hierro fueron los principales factores asociados a anemia en esta población, y a los que deberían ir dirigidas las políticas de prevención de anemia.
La hemozoína en la médula ósea puede tener un papel en la patogénesis de la anemia asociada a la malaria mediante una eritropoyesis ineficaz, lo que debería tenerse en cuenta en el desarrollo de fármacos para prevenir y tratar la anemia asociada a malaria. La anemia grave y la diseritropoyesis se asociaron con una mayor presencia de gametocitos maduros en médula ósea. Los niños anémicos infectados por P. falciparum presentaron una alta prevalencia de gametocitos inmaduros en médula ósea, lo que debería tenerse en cuenta al desarrollar estrategias de prevención de la malaria basadas en la erradicación de portadores de gametocitos.
Utilizando los depósitos de hierro en la médula ósea de los niños anémicos como gold standard se identificó que el índice de receptor de transferrina-ferritina ajustado por la proteína C reactiva era el mejor marcador sérico para el diagnóstico de ferropenia en la población de estudio, aunque se confirma la necesidad de marcadores más precisos, especialmente en poblaciones con alta prevalencia de infecciones.
Los niños ENI presentaron más anemia, menor %CD4 y mayor %CD8 comparado con los niños no expuestos. Ambos grupos presentaron medias similares de células T-CD8 y CD4 naive, memoria y activadas al mes de vida. Los niños ENI nacidos de madres con cargas virales >5 log10 copias/ml tuvieron menor %CD8 naive y mayor %CD8 memoria. Esto sugiere que la exposición a una carga viral materna alta aumenta el riesgo de los niños de tener alteraciones en las poblaciones de células T. Los niños ENI presentaron menor número de consultas al servicio de emergencias, seguramente por el uso rutinario de cotrimoxazol profiláctico, lo que apoya la continuación de esta profilaxis en este grupo.
CONCLUSIONES
La anemia y la exposición perinatal al VIH son patologías relevantes en Mozambique en niños pequeños. La prevención de las principales etiologías de la anemia identificadas en este trabajo podría disminuir la anemia y la morbi-mortalidad asociada a la misma. La mejora en las políticas de prevención de la trasmisión vertical del VIH podría disminuir las consecuencias del VIH materno en los niños ENI, y la continuación del uso de cotrimoxazol profiláctico en estos niños podría disminuir su morbilidad.More than 6 million of children under 5 years die worldwide each year. Almost 50% are in sub-Saharan Africa. Improve the knowledge of pathologies as anemia and perinatal exposure to HIV, which are important but neglected, could be a way to reduce these deaths. In order to evaluate the main etiologies of anemia, improve the knowledge of the physiopathology of malarial-anemia and determine the best serological biomarker of iron deficiency, a case-control study of 443 preschool hospitalized children with anemia (hemoglobin concentration <11g/dl) and 289 community controls without anemia in Mozambique was performed. To evaluate the impact of the HIV exposure in the morbidity and hematological and immunological profiles of children HIV exposed uninfected (HEU), 158 HEU and 160 unexposed Mozambican infants were evaluated at 1, 3, 9, and 12 months post-delivery. Undernutrition, iron deficiency, malaria, and HIV are main etiologies related to anemia in Mozambican preschool children. Effective programs for the prevention of these conditions need to be reinforced. Hemozoin in the bone marrow has a role in the pathogenesis of malarial-anemia through ineffective erythropoiesis. Severe anemia and dyserythropoiesis were independently associated with a higher prevalence of mature gametocytes in bone marrow. Transferrin-ferritin index ratio adjusted by C-reactive protein was the best serological iron deficiency biomarker. HEU children were more frequently anemic, had poorer nutritional status, and alterations in some immunological profiles compared with unexposed children. Infant naïve and activated CD8 T-cells were associated with high maternal HIV-RNA load at delivery, so exposure to elevated maternal HIV-RNA puts the infant at higher risk of having early T-cell abnormalities. HEU infants had reduced incidence of outpatient visits. Prophylactic cotrimoxazol used in a routine way in HEU infants may explain their reduced morbidity. These findings reinforce continuation of cotrimoxazol prophylaxis. Anemia and perinatal HIV exposure are important pathologies in preschool children in Mozambique. Prevention of the main causes of anemia identified in this thesis should reduce anemia and the morbidity and mortality related to it. Similarly, improvement of HIV prevention mother-to-child-transmission programs would reduce the negative health impact of HIV exposure in HEU children. Cotrimoxazol prophylaxis could improve these children’s health.
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Power, Harold Michael. "A study of iron nutrition and immunity in infancy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25837.
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Motivation and study design: Iron deficiency is a common condition in infancy, particularly in lower socio-economic groups. In Cape Town it remains a problem in spite of public health measures taken against it: a recent survey found a prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia of 34% in healthy 1-year old term infants who had ready access to a municipal health clinic where iron fortified milk formula is sold at subsidized prices. The consequences of iron deficiency extend beyond anaemia- to involve all organ systems including the immune system. Since Helen Mackay's report in 1928 of a striking decrease in incidents of infection in infants treated with iron, clinicians have assumed that iron deficiency predisposes to infection. Despite a sound theoretical basis for this belief, the clinical evidence for the assumption is poor as studies to date have displayed methodological deficiencies. On the other hand, iron is also essential for the growth of micro-organisms. As such, supplemental iron may predispose to infection. Indeed, there is much laboratory and clinical evidence to show that excess iron can result in the recrudescence of quiescent infections and increase the virulence of newly acquired infections. Thus, the competition between host and parasite may sometimes hinge on the relative availability of iron and it has been speculated that excess iron in infant milk formula may increase susceptibility to infectious diarrhoeal disease. The problem addressed by this thesis was to determine the utility of increasing the level of iron fortification of infant milk formula. Three questions were posed: Does increasing the level of iron fortification of conventional infant milk formula improve the iron nutrition of normal infants fed on the formula? Does increased iron fortification of infant milk formula alter immunity as reflected by incidence of infection and laboratory tests of immune function? Are there any handful effects of increasing the quantity of iron in conventional infant milk formula? A double blind randomized trial was carried out in 1983 and 1984 to answer these questions. A group of 149 healthy, well-nourished infants from a lower socio-economic community of so called Cape Coloureds were followed from the age of 3 months to 1 year. Half of the infants, the Control group, were given a commercially available infant milk formula (Lactogen Full Protein) which has 8.3 mg Fe/ 100 g formula and 37 mg ascorbic acid/ 100 g. The other half of subjects, the Test group, were given the same milk formula but fortified with iron to a concentration of 40 mg Fe/ 100 g. The children were examined every 3 or 4 weeks and any infection or history of infection was noted. Laboratory tests were done at the start of the trial and again on completion. During the trial, laboratory tests were performed only if clinically indicated. The tests included full blood count and differential analysis, red cell zinc protoporphyrin, plasma ferritin, plasma and hair zinc and lymphocyte subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. Within each group, half of the infants were randomly selected for assay of neutrophil bactericidal activity. The other half were assayed for lymphocyte blastogenic response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. Tests of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to Candida antigen and PPD were done and all children and their mothers had antibodies to tetanus and polio determined. Results: 74 infants in the Control group started the trial and 62 completed it. In the Test group, 75 infants began and 70 completed the study. Intake of milk and solid foods was not quantified, but the ages of weaning and of introduction of new foods were determined. The Control and Test groups did not differ significantly on any test item. The mean age of completion of weaning was 3.60 months for the Control group and 4.04 months for the Test group. The Control group was first given meat or fish at a mean age of 5.19 months; the Test. group had meat or fish introduced to their diets at a mean age of 4.36 months. These differences were not statistically significant. The children in the Control group were lighter and shorter than the Test group at the end of the year. Mean standard deviation scores for weight were 0.23 and 0.48 respectively (P = 20%), while for length the SD scores were -0.13 and 0.06 (P = 20%).
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Gopaul, Seewoosunkur. "Parasitic infections and storage iron deficiency in children in impoverished regions of Mauritius." Thesis, Aston University, 1999. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10979/.
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Using a combination of techniques including relative deprivation index developed by the Government, school performance, household survey and drawing of lots, a sample frame constituting of poverty areas of Mauritius was constructed and four test areas identified. Relevant haematological, parasitological and biochemical parameters of all school-going children living in the four test areas were determined so as to study the possibility of correlation between parasitic infections, plasma ferritin, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cells count, packed cells volume and blood group. It was found that there is a negative correlation between the number of parasites and haemoglobin concentration, packed cells volume of blood and degree of infestation, number of parasites and ferritin and number of parasites and age of subject. It has also been found that, children with blood group 'A' and blood group '0' tend to harbour the most parasites. As regards to storage iron depletion, this is significant only with hookworm infestation. Additionally it has been noted that hookworm infestation is directly related to age contrary to other parasitic infestations.
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Khan, Nargis Tahir. "Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in girls (4-17 years) in Northern Pakistan /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16395.pdf.
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Sinclair, Lisa M. "Effect of iron supplementation on endurance performance in iron deficient trained males and females /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422965.
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Amarakoon, Amarakoon Rajapakse Wasala Mohotti Mudiyanselage Darshika. "Iron Biofortification Potential of Field Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26518.
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Iron (Fe) deficiency affects more than 3 billion of the global population. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the genetic and environmental variation of seed Fe concentration and food matrix factors that govern Fe bioavailability in field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in North Dakota, USA in 2010 and 2011, and (2) determine the genetic variation of Fe uptake by field pea grown under greenhouse conditions with different Fe treatments. Seed Fe concentration in field pea samples from the field study ranged between 46-53 mg/kg with a mean of 51 mg/kg. Mean concentrations of the food matrix factors in those field peas were as follows: phytic acid=5.1 mg/g, xanthophyll=17.3 mg/100 g, canthaxanthin=86.8 mg/100 g, beta-carotene=516.8 ?g/100 g, kestose=1697 mg/100g, quercetin=54.3 mg/100 g, and ferulic acid=46.9 mg/100 g. DS Admiral and CDC Golden showed high concentrations of Fe promoter compounds and low concentrations of phytic acid. DS Admiral showed high Fe uptake with increasing Fe fertilizer rates in the greenhouse study. Therefore, DS Admiral and CDC Golden could be potential field pea genotypes for future Fe biofortification efforts.
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Mwanri, Lillian. "Impact of vitamin A and iron on anaemia and cognitive functioning of anaemic school children in Tanzania." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm994.pdf.
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Alaofe, Halimatou, Jennifer Burney, Rosamond Naylor, and Douglas Taren. "Prevalence of anaemia, deficiencies of iron and vitamin A and their determinants in rural women and young children: a cross-sectional study in Kalale district of northern Benin." CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624076.
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Objective: To identify the magnitude of anaemia and deficiencies of Fe (ID) and vitamin A (VAD) and their associated factors among rural women and children. Design: Cross-sectional, comprising a household, health and nutrition survey and determination of Hb, biochemical (serum concentrations of ferritin, retinol, C-reactive protein and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein) and anthropometric parameters. Multivariate logistic regression examined associations of various factors with anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Setting: Kalale district, northern Benin. Subjects: Mother-child pairs (n 767): non-pregnant women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and children 6-59 months old. Results: In women, the overall prevalence of anaemia, ID, Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) and VAD was 47.7, 18.3, 11.3 and 17.7%, respectively. A similar pattern for anaemia (82.4 %), ID (23.6%) and IDA (21.2%) was observed among children, while VAD was greater at 33. 6%. Greater risk of anaemia, ID and VAD was found for low maternal education, maternal farming activity, maternal health status, low food diversity, lack of fruits and vegetables consumption, low protein foods consumption, high infection, anthropometric deficits, large family size, poor sanitary conditions and low socio-economic status. Strong differences were also observed by ethnicity, women's group participation and source of information. Finally, age had a significant effect in children, with those aged 6-23 months having the highest risk for anaemia and those aged 12-23 months at risk for ID and IDA. Conclusions: Anaemia, ID and VAD were high among rural women and their children in northern Benin, although ID accounted for a small proportion of anaemia. Multicentre studies in various parts of the country are needed to substantiate the present results, so that appropriate and beneficial strategies for micronutrient supplementation and interventions to improve food diversity and quality can be planned.
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Verrall, Tanya Christine. "Preventing iron deficiency anemia : communication strategies to promote iron nutrition for at-risk infants in northern Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85102.
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A sustainable primary prevention strategy for infant iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was implemented and evaluated in a community with at-risk infants in northern Quebec, Canada. Communication strategies were used to promote iron-rich complementary food rather than iron-fortified formula, which can interfere with breastfeeding practice. This food-based approach has been successfully implemented in developing countries, but has not been applied in an industrialized country setting.Mass media (i.e., radio dialogues, key messages, print material, point-of-purchase grocery store display) and interpersonal (i.e., homemade baby food cooking activity) communication strategies were developed in collaboration with community members and implemented in partnership with an existing community program. Reach and exposure of the strategies were measured using a questionnaire administered to a post-intervention sample (n = 45). Sales of promoted iron-rich infant food were examined pre- and post-intervention period. A repeat cross-sectional design was used for the impact evaluation. Two groups of mothers with infants, aged 7-10 months at Time 1 (n = 32) and Time 2 (n = 22) were interviewed. Outcome variables were infants' total iron and complementary food iron intakes measured by two 24-hour recalls. Secular trends in infants' hemoglobin values and milk type consumption were examined in the study community and two comparison communities.
Multiple communication channels increased awareness of IDA and influenced self-reported use of iron-rich infant food. Iron-rich infant food sales increased from pre- to post-intervention (p < 0.05). Complementary food intake iron increased between Time 1 (3.2 +/- 0.8 mg) and Time 2 (4.4 +/- 1.1 mg) (p < 0.05). The proportion of infants with anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L) significantly decreased from the period before (37.2%) to during (14.3%) the intervention (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found for this variable within the comparison communities. The proportion of infants receiving iron-fortified formula in the study community did not differ between Time 1 and Time 2, but increased from Time 1 (55%) to Time 2 (73%) (p < 0.05) in the comparison communities, indicating an erosion of breastfeeding practice.
These results suggest the effectiveness of communication strategies to improve infant iron nutrition in a community with good access to iron-rich infant food. The potential for this strategy in other communities warrants further investigation.
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Khatib, Ibrahim Mahmud Dib. "Role of zinc-supplemented diets in the prevention of the early linear growth deficiency in Jordanian children." Thesis, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244278.
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Durrett, Timothy P. "Understanding Arabidopsis ion homeostasis in the post-genomic era assigning function to two proteins involved in iron metabolism /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4437.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 27, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Rahman, Sabuktagin. "Efficacy of micronutrient powder (MNP) with low-dose of iron supplementation in Bangladeshi children living in areas of high level of iron in groundwater." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/415303.
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Background Anaemia is a public health concern in Bangladesh, affecting 30-50% of the children under-5 years of age. Iron deficiency (ID) is thought to be the primary cause of anaemia in the country. However, a national micronutrient survey revealed that the prevalence of ID in under-five children is quite low (10.7%) and drinking iron-containing groundwater from tube wells was reported to be linked with low ID. Despite the low burden of ID, due to the high prevalence of anaemia, the national policy for childhood anaemia prevention recommended iron supplementation through distributing micronutrient powder (MNP) containing 12.5 mg of iron. The MNP programmes have been implemented over the decades to prevent anaemia in children. Physiologically, in an iron-replete state, usage of iron supplement (MNP) might induce side effects such as, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting is common. Hence, the present study was conducted in Bangladeshi children drinking from groundwater with high level of iron to assess the effect of the low iron MNP (5 mg iron) against the standard MNP (12.5 mg iron) on haemoglobin concentration and to compare the relative side-effects of the competing MNP treatments. Methods: The RCT was conducted in children 2-5 years old who drank water from groundwater with a high concentration of iron (≥2 mg/L) in Belkuchi—a rural district of Bangladesh. A total of 435 children were screened for eligibility, with 327 enrolled in the trial and randomly allocated to receive either the standard MNP (12.5 mg iron per sachet) or the low-iron MNP (5 mg iron per sachet). The trial assessed if low-iron MNP, after consumption of one sachet every day for 60 days, was non-inferior to the standard MNP in regard to haemoglobin concentration of the children. A priori non-inferior margin (-0.5 g/dl) was set; and non-inferiority was concluded if the lower bound of the one-sided 95% CI for the difference in the treatment effect of the low iron MNP was higher than the non-inferiority margin. The treatment effect of the low iron MNP on haemoglobin was examined by Generalized Linear Modelling through controlling for the pertinent baseline covariates. Furthermore, the study assessed the comparative incidence of iron-induced side effect such as diarrhoea, loose stools, nausea, fever, and vomiting between the treatment groups. Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) which compares incidence rates of an event between two groups was calculated using the poisson regression to assess the incidence of the side effects in the groups. On a subsample (n=53) of the enrolled children representing both MNP groups, gut microbiome was assessed by sequencing of 16sRNA at baseline and the endpoint. The effects of the intake of MNPs on the composition of gut microbiota were compared between the groups and between endpoint and baseline. Additionally, to assess the effect of thalassaemia in the background of high groundwater iron and MNP consumption, a sub-sample analysis from the trial was conducted to compare haemoglobin and ferritin status among the thalassaemia carriers and non-carriers. Another sub-study was conducted to examine the haemoglobin status of the children whose drinking groundwater contained low level of iron (0--<2 mg/) for hypothesizing the utility of the low iron MNP in the low groundwater iron setting. Further, the trial was preceded by three sub studies leading up to the preparation of the trial—such as the taste-rating of the groundwater sample for semi quantitative assessment of iron content (annex 1); validation of a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (annex 2); and assessment of temporal concentration of groundwater iron (annex 3). Results: The results of the RCT revealed that the low-dose iron MNP was non-inferior to the standard MNP on haemoglobin outcome (β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.30, 0.013; p = 0.07). The lower bound of the 95% CI for the difference in the treatment effect on haemoglobin was higher than -0.5 g/dl, thus confirming the non-inferiority of the low iron MNP. It resulted in a lower incidence of diarrhoea (IRR = 0.29, p = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.11–0.77), nausea (IRR = 0.24, p = 0.002, 95% CI: 0.09–0.59) and fever (IRR = 0.26, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.15–0.43) compared to the standard MNP. The 16sRNA sequencing revealed that overall; there was no significant treatment effect of the low-iron MNP on microbiota compared to the standard MNP. However, an apparent treatment effect was observed in children with a relative adultlike microbiota, with a higher relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae after receiving the standard MNP compared to the low-iron MNP (p=0.07). The results of the sub-sample of the thalassaemia carriers showed that the haemoglobin concentration of the children with thalassaemia at the end-point remained unchanged relative to the baseline value; 11.56±0.59 (Endpoint) vs. 11.6±0.54 (Baseline), p=0.83. In the children without thalassaemia haemoglobin tended to increase; 12.54±0.72 (Endpoint) vs. 12.41±0.72 (baseline), p=0.06. Baseline reserve of body iron was significantly higher in the thalassaemia carriers compared to their non-carrier peers; 594 mg vs. 558 mg; p=0.03. The increase of the infection adjusted ferritin level from baseline to the endpoint was 7.37% (p=0.7) and 10.17% (p=0.009) in the carrier and non-carrier groups respectively. The sub-study examining the effect of the low iron MNP in a low groundwater iron setting revealed that the ccombined intake of iron from dietary, groundwater and low-iron MNP in children was 5.8±2.0 and 6.9±2.5 mg/day comprising 193% and 169% of the Estimated Average Requirement in the 2-3 year-old and 4-5 year-old subgroups, respectively. The mean concentration of haemoglobin in children exposed to groundwater concentration 0.8-<2.0 mg/L and 0.0-<0.8 mg/L subgroups was 12.17±0.94 mg/dl and 11.91±0.91 mg/dl (p=0.30) respectively. Conclusion: The low iron MNP (5 mg iron) was non-inferior to the standard MNP (12.5 mg) in preventing the low level of haemoglobin in Bangladeshi children exposed to high content of iron from drinking groundwater. It caused fewer incidence of side effects, such as diarrhoea, nausea and fever. Overall, there was no treatment effect of the low iron MNP on composition of gut microbiota. Further, a low iron MNP can be potentially beneficial to the thalassaemia carriers. Low iron MNP has the potential to curb the childhood anaemia in settings where groundwater iron is low. The combined findings of the trial and the sub studies demonstrated beneficial role of the low iron MNP in Bangladesh to control childhood anaemia.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medicine & Dentistry
Griffith Health
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Rohner, Fabian David. "Strategies to reduce anaemia and iron deficiency in sub-Saharan African children : technological and physiological approaches." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17794.
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Farrar, Juliet Muriel Claire. "Strategies for detection and dietary treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in children aged 12-24 months." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397178.
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Василишин, Христина Iгорiвна, Кристина Игоревна Василишин, and Khrystyna Ihorivna Vasylyshyn. "Characteristic of colon microbiocenosis among preschool children suffering community-acquired pneumonia associated with iron deficiency anemia." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45415.
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An important physiological role in the body of the child has a normal intestinal micro flora, which in connection with person’s microorganism is regarded as a kind of extracorporeal organ. According to several authors, 88.6 % of children with acute respiratory diseases reveal disbiotic changes of intestinal micro flora. Among patients with pneumonia revealing frequency of the third level dysbiosis is 44.4 %, and besides quantitative violations there occurs also a high-quality disintegration of components of micro ecological system.
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Neumann, Suzanne. "Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency anemia among infants residing in inner-city Montréal." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97980.
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To assess the prevalence of anemia, we surveyed 10 to 14 month old infants of families with heterogeneous socio-economic backgrounds from four regions of inner-city Montreal. Capillary blood was drawn to measure hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and serum ferritin (SF). A home-visit questionnaire assessed infant feeding practices and potential confounding variables. In the overall sample, the prevalence was 14.3% for anemia (Hb≥110 g/L), 9.4% for iron deficiency (SF≤10 mug/L), and 4.3% for iron deficiency anemia (SF≤10 mug/L and Hb≤110 g/L or MCV≤72 fL). There were no significant differences in iron status indices between socio-economic subgroups. Protectors of anemia determined through logistic regression analysis were introduction of cow's milk at or following 9 months of age (OR 0.17 [95% CI 0.056 to 0.540]) and breastfeeding for 6 months or less (OR 0.23 [95% CI 0.086 to 0.637]). Our results suggest that important health inequalities relating to anemia do not currently exist among infants residing in Montreal.
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Funk, Maryke. "Screening for childhood anaemia using copper sulphate densitometry." Diss., Access to E-Thesis, 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09192005-135937/.
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Mohs, Mary Ellen. "Zinc status and functional correlates in preschool and school-aged children in Egypt." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184812.
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Zinc status of Egyptian children 18-30 months and 6-10 years of age was characterized in relation to morbidity, growth, and socioeconomic variables. In a pilot study of children whose general nutrition ranged from adequately nourished to moderately malnourished, mean hair zinc was 135 ug/g (63-230 ug/g), with suboptimal zinc status suggested for 44%. Predictors of hair and serum zinc levels were explored for 23 school-aged and 40 preschool children. Included in models were weaning age for preschool children, body size (length- or height- and weight-for-age Z scores), current growth over 6 months or longer, illness experience over 10 to 12 months, demographic variables affecting food availability and distribution, sex, and season. Data were collected by Egyptian workers as part of a larger field project. Hair and serum samples were analyzed for zinc content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed no difference in hair zinc levels by color, presence or absence of louse egg fragments and mucilage, or presence or absence of henna dye. In multiple regression models, the best predictor of hair zinc in preschool children was season of year, with zinc lower in summer. Season, negative effect of percent of weeks ill with diarrhea, and positive effects of socioeconomic status (SES) based on father's education/literacy and economic subsistence base excluding agriculture (ESB-A) predicted 23% of total hair zinc variation in preschool children. In preschool children serum zinc was lower in summer. Season, positive effect of rate of weight increase, and negative effects of rate of height increase, SES based on father's occupation(s) (SES2), and ESB-A predicted 53% of total serum zinc variation in preschool children. Serum zinc was higher in summer in school-aged children. Season, negative effect of SES2 and ESB-A, and positive effects of percent weeks ill with diarrhea and height for age Z scores predicted 60% of total serum zinc variation in school-age children. Negative effects of percent weeks ill with diarrhea and parents' age and child:adult ratio predicted 29% of hair zinc in school-aged children.
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Waters, Brian M. "Iron nutrition in plants and yeast : studies on the FRO1 gene of Pisum sativum and the FET4 gene of Sacharomyces [sic] cerevisiae /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060158.
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Nielsen, Kim. "The effects of iron deficiency on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus /." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68228.
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The aim of this research was to determine the influence of iron deficiency on both the efficacy and metabolic patterns of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Anthelmintic efficacy was markedly decreased in iron-deficient mice; the deficiency was also associated with a decrease in body weight, altered hematological parameters and a decreased net egg output; worm establishment in the deficient group was not affected by the deficiency. Although anthelmintic efficacy was significantly decreased by the iron deficiency, plasma concentration profiles of the main metabolites, albendazole sulphoxide and albendazole sulphone, were not changed by the deficiency. Levels of intestinal cytochrome P-450, the main metabolizing enzyme of albendazole however, was significantly depressed in iron-deficient mice. These observations suggest that although pharmacokinetic parameters are not affected by iron deficiency, nutritional status has the potential to influence anthelmintic efficacy and thus warrants further study.
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Hlatshwayo, Bongiwe P. S. "The Association between iron deficiency anaemia and academic performance of children focusing on grade II pupils in the Winterveldt region, Tshwane North, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/801.
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Thesis (M Med (Paediatrics and Child Health)) -- University of Limpopo, 2011.ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional disorder in the developing world. A large number of children under the age of 5 years do not reach their developmental potential, IDA and iron deficiency being well documented risk factors. IDA has been shown to be an important cause for decreased attention span, reduced alertness and learning difficulties in both young children and adolescents. South Africa has a growing burden of anaemia and iron deficiency and the most affected areas are the poor communities. There is vast evidence on the negative effects of iron deficiency to a child's developing brain from studies done internationally but limited data on the subject in South Africa, despite the huge burden of iron deficiency. We investigated the association between IDA and school performance and intelligence and also determined the local prevalence of IDA in the Winterveldt region, North of Tshwane, South Africa. METHODS: Three primary schools from Winterveldt were sampled. All subjects with parental consent were screened for anaemia using Hemocue 201+ Hb meter (n=194). Blood for iron studies and CRP was collected on all anaemic pupils (n=75) to define IDA (Hb
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Phiri, Kamija Samuel. "Assessment of iron deficiency in Malawian children living in an area of high malaria and bacterial infection morbidity." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425466.
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Luo, Alice, Joseph Maguire, Manisha Nukavarapu, and Ashokkumar Gaba. "Peeling away the layers to anemia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/95.
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Anemia is a significant public health issue that affects a great number of people in developed and developing countries. The World Health Organization states when the Hb value is/dL in an adult male and/dL in a nonpregnant female, the individual is considered as anemic. Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia. Inadequate intake of iron, chronic blood loss, and/or a combination of both factors typically lead to iron deficiency anemia. In developed countries, chronic blood loss from gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynecological sources are the most common etiologies of iron deficiency anemia. Although there are reports of iron deficiency anemia leading to self-inflicted skin excoriation, there are few cases of chronic blood loss from skin excoriation resulting in severe iron deficiency anemia. We present a 49 year old female with significant past medical history of depression, anxiety and chronic back pain who presented after she was found to have profound anemia with hemoglobin of 4.1g/dl. During interviewing, she denied hematuria, hemoptysis, hematochezia, and had been without menstrual cycles for the past year. Urinalysis was negative for blood as well as two documented negative fecal occult blood tests. Iron studies completed showed severely reduced iron levels. Upon further interviewing, the patient reported a supposedly self-diagnosed keratin disorder. For the past ten years she has been self-treating the keratin disorder by applying topical tretinoin and then wrapping it in saran wrap. She would then peel off areas of skin over multiple areas of her body including all extremities and her face. Multiple pictures of bloody piles of tissue were shown. The patient required 3 units of packed red blood cells and was started on iron supplementation. Gastroenterology was consulted and agreed there was no GI source of her blood loss. Psychiatry further evaluated the patient and diagnosed her with obsessive-compulsive disorder with somatic delusions. The prevalence of anemia among chronic psychiatric patients is more frequent than general population. This coexistence deteriorates the quality of life of the patients, prolongs the psychiatric treatment period, and could even cause an increase in morbidity and mortality. Treatment-related factors, drugs taken, physical conditions, negative lifestyle habits, and nutritional disorders are the reasons for anemia among chronic psychiatric patients. Even though iron deficiency anemia in developed country is most often caused by chronic blood loss from gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynecological causes, it is important to evaluate for other factors when none of these are present. Psychiatric causes when warranted from history including somatic delusions from obsessive-compulsive disorder should be considered on the differential when other etiologies are less clear.
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Magge, Hema Natesh. "Zinc protoporphyrin and iron deficiency in children: prevalence, trends, and response to therapy in an urban primary care center." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12497.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends routine treatment of iron deficiency (ID) due to its potential adverse neurodevelopmental consequences. Optimal testing to diagnose ID without anemia remains unclear. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) has been found to be a valid and inexpensive indicator of ID but is not routinely collected in clinical practices. Evidence suggests that low-income children are at high risk for ID. Objective: To 1) describe the prevalence of ID as measured by ZPP in a low-income population, 2) describe the natural history of ZPP over time, and 3) examine the relationship between iron prescription and ZPP and implications for screening. Design/Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal study of data from the electronic medical records at Boston Medical Center from 1/1/02 to 12/31/10. Children with a baseline CBC drawn between age 8-18 months and routine screening results for CBC, lead, and ZPP at baseline and follow-up within 2 years were included. Children with sickle cell disease or elevated lead value (≥10 mcg/dL) were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between iron prescription and ZPP at follow-up. Results: Ofthe 2612 eligible children, 79% were publicly insured and 65% were Black. Overall, 48% of these children had an abnormal ZPP level (≥35 mcg/dL). Among those with an abnormal ZPP at baseline (n=1254), 18% were prescribed iron. Improvement in ZPP was found in both groups. Iron prescription was significantly associated with improvement in ZPP (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0) and greater mean change in ZPP (p=0.01). In the multivariate analysis, the effect of iron prescription on improvement in ZPP was modified by hemoglobin level. Among those with abnormal ZPP and anemia at baseline (n=189), interim iron prescription was significantly associated with ZPP improvement at follow-up (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.0). Among children without anemia, iron was rarely prescribed and no significant association with ZPP improvement was found. Conclusions: ID, as measured by elevated ZPP , was common in this low-income population, the majority of whom showed improvement at follow-up. Iron prescription was significantly associated with ZPP improvement. Our data suggest that ZPP may be an appropriate method for screening for ID and monitoring response to therapy.
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Peñuela, Norma. "The relationship between dietary intake and blood lead levels among WIC infants in rural West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2897.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 56 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-45).
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Chamberlain, Angela. "Examining the Relationship Between Anemia, Cognitive Function, and Socioeconomic Status in School-Aged Ecuadorian Children." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5917.
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Background and Objectives: It is estimated that over 40% of children in Ecuador are anemic. Anemia in children can influence physical and cognitive development and have lasting effects on adulthood productivity and quality of life. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the relationship of anemia and cognitive function, and (2) determine the influence of demographic factors on cognitive function. Population and Setting: The sample consisted of 175 school-aged children between 5 to 11 years old attending a school in a poverty stricken area of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Methods: A descriptive correlational cross sectional design was used to study the relationship between the level of anemia and the level of cognitive function. Other demographic factors were evaluated to determine their influence on cognitive function. Data were collected at the school using the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices to measure cognitive function and the STAT-Site MHgb Meter to measure hemoglobin levels. Results: No significant correlation was found between the level of anemia and cognitive function. Multiple regression analysis of demographic variables and cognitive function found age (Beta=0.56, t=8.6, p=0.000) and income (Beta=0.16, t=2.5, p=0.01) to be significant predictors of cognitive function. Interpretation and Conclusion: Many factors influence cognitive function and development. Additional research is needed to determine the effect of income level and related factors, such as parental time spent with the child doing homework, value placed on education in the home, education level of the parents, and quality of nutrition. Interventions to improve socioeconomic level, enhance parenting styles that foster cognitive development, and improve nutrition should be implemented.
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Prodócimo-Calore, Sílvia Aparecida [UNESP]. "Achados audiológicos pós-doenças infecciosas em crianças matriculadas em um centro especializado nos distúrbios da audição." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96112.
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prodocimocalore_sa_me_botfm.pdf: 684440 bytes, checksum: 021d73a7a05b5ac24f7cf8c02d507263 (MD5)A audição tem papel fundamental na vida do ser humano, possibilitando uma das nobres funções superiores do homem que é a comunicação. As doenças infecciosas podem alterar a integridade anatomofisiológica do sistema auditivo e também causar prejuízos no desenvolvimento global da criança. O presente estudo teve como objetivo delinear o perfil demográfico de 661 crianças matriculadas no Centro de Distúrbios da Audição, Linguagem e Visão (CEDALVI) do HRAC/USP, em Bauru-SP, reunindo os achados audiológicos das prováveis doenças infecciosas que causaram a deficiência auditiva nessa população. Os resultados desse estudo mostraram concentração maior de crianças na faixa etária de 2 a 3 anos de idade, procedentes da Região Sudeste do Brasil, do sexo masculino e nível sócio-econômico baixo. Quanto às características audiológicas, houve predomínio de deficiência auditiva do tipo sensorioneural, bilateral e graus grave a profundo. Concluiu-se que nas doenças infecciosas de origens congênita e adquirida, a rubéola e a meningite foram respectivamente as prováveis causas determinantes da deficiência auditiva na população estudada, devendo-se salientar a importância dos programas de vacinação e do diagnóstico precoce para que medidas profiláticas e terapêuticas possam ser elaboradas.
Hearing plays a fundamental role in human life, allowing one of the noble superior functions of mankind, which is the communication. The infectious diseases can alter the anatomicophysiological integrity of the auditory system and also bring about damages to the child’s global development. The present study aimed at delineating the demographic profile of 661 children enrolled at the Center for Attention to Hearing, Language and Vision Disturbances (CEDALVI) of the HRAC-USP, Bauru, Brazil, gathering the auditory findings of the probable infectious diseases causing the auditory deficiency in this population. The outcomes of this study showed a larger concentration of children aging 2 to 3 years old, from Southeastern Brazil, of the male gender and low socioeconomic level. Regarding the auditory characteristics, there was predominance of auditory deficiency of the sensorineural type, mainly bilateral of a severe to deep degree. It could be concluded that, among the congenital and acquired infectious disease, measles and the meningitis were respectively the probable determinant causes of the auditory deficiency in the studied population, thus highlighting the importance of the immunization programs and early diagnosis, so that prophylactic and therapeutic measures can be elaborated.
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Podrebarac, Frances Ann. "The Relative Nitrogen Fixation Rate and Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Iron Deficient Soybeans." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29600.
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Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) are a symbiont of two beneficial associations:
biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Within the Northern Great Plains of the USA, iron deficiency
chlorosis (IDC) of soybean is a yield-limiting factor. The effects of IDC on BNF and AMF
are not well defined. This study was conducted to determine the effects of IDC on BNF
and AMF. A laboratory study was performed to compare three methods of measuring
ureide-N, a product of BNF in soybeans. Field studies in soybean were performed at three
locations at eastern N011h Dakota. The experimental design was a factorial combination of
three cultivars and three treatments. The three cultivars, in order of decreasing chlorosis
susceptibility, were NuTech NT-0886, Roughrider Genetics RG 607, and Syngenta S01-C9
RR. The three treatments were control, Sorghum bicolor L. companion crop planted with
the soybean seed, and FeEDDHA applied with the soybean seed. Chlorosis severity was
the greatest and least for the NuTech and Syngenta cultivars, respectively. The FeEDDHA
treatment decreased chlorosis severity. Ureide levels were abnormally high in plants
severely stunted by JDC. The excess accumulation of ureides in IDC-stunted plants
suggests that plant growth was reduced more than the rate of nitrogen fixation. The AMF
population \vas at an adequate level at all locations and not affected by cultivar or
treatment, in general. In the laboratory study, the Patterson et al. method had greater ureide
concentrations due to the non-specific measuring of ammonium compounds compared to
the Vogels and Van der Drift and Goos methods.North Dakota Soybean Council
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HARUN-OR-RASHID, MD, UH FARIDA KHATUN, YOSHITOKU YOSHIDA, SATOSHI MORITA, NURUDDIN CHOWDHURY, and JUNICHI SAKAMOTO. "IRON AND IODINE DEFICIENCIES AMONG UNDER-2 CHILDREN, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, AND PREGNANT WOMEN OF BANGLADESH: ASSOCIATION WITH COMMON DISEASES." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11335.
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Worgan, Lisa Catherine Women & Children's Health UNSW. "The role of nuclear-encoded subunit genes in mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Women and Children's Health, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22307.
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BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency often leads to a devastating neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. In most cases, the underlying genetic defect is unknown. Recessive nuclear gene mutations, rather than mitochondrial DNA mutations, account for the majority of cases. AIM: Our aim was to identify the genetic basis of complex I deficiency in 34 patients with isolated complex I deficiency, by studying six of the 39 nuclear encoded complex I subunit genes (NDUFV1, NDUFS1, NDUFS2, NDUFS4, NDUFS7 and NDUFS8). These genes have been conserved throughout evolution and carry out essential aspects of complex I function. METHODS: RNA was extracted from patient fibroblasts and cDNA made by reverse transcription. Overlapping amplicons that together spanned the entire coding area of each gene were amplified by PCR. The genes were screened for mutations using denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (dHPLC). Patient samples with abnormal dHPLC profiles underwent direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Novel mutations were identified in six of 34 (18%) patients with isolated complex I deficiency. Five patients had two mutations identified and one patient had a single mutation in NDUFS4 identified. All patients with mutations had a progressive encephalopathy and five out of six had Leigh syndrome or Leigh like syndrome. Mutations were found in three nuclear encoded subunit genes, NDUFV1, NDUFS2 and NDUFS4. Three novel NDUFV1 mutations were identified (R386H, K111E and P252R). The R386H mutation was found in two apparently unrelated patients. Four novel NDUFS2 mutations were identified (R221X, M292T, R333Q and IVS9+4A<G). The novel NDUFS4 mutation c.221delC was found in two patients - one in homozygous form and the other heterozygous. Specific genotype and phenotype correlations were not identified. CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear encoded complex I subunit gene mutations are an important contributor to the aetiology of isolated complex I deficiency in childhood. Screening of these genes is an essential part of the investigation of complex I deficiency.
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Willows, Noreen D. "Anemia in James Bay Cree infants of northern Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0035/NQ64693.pdf.
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Cintra, Silvia Maira Pereira. "Prevalência de anemia e suas relações entre mães e filhos pré-escolares em um município de elevado Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-13042018-102353/.
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Introdução - A anemia ferropriva, um importante problema de saúde pública tanto nos países em desenvolvimento quanto nos desenvolvidos, afeta principalmente as crianças menores de cinco anos de idade e as mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Objetivo - Analisar a taxa de hemoglobina e a prevalência de anemia em mães cujos filhos menores de 5 anos de idade frequentam creches públicas de um município de elevado Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano. Métodos - Estudo de corte transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 230 pares de mães biológicas com idade entre 15 e 49 anos e seus filhos, menores de cinco anos de idade, que frequentavam creches públicas no município de Taubaté-SP. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário preenchido pelos responsáveis pela criança e de formulário aplicado às mães, para obter informações sobre fatores socioeconômicos e de saúde da mulher e da criança. Da mãe e de seu respectivo filho foram verificados o peso, a estatura e dosagem da concentração da hemoglobina do sangue capilar, com leitura imediata por hemoglobinômetro portátil. Foram feitas análises descritivas por meio de medidas de tendência central e dispersão, testes de proporções além de uma análise binária logística de múltiplas variáveis. Resultados - A prevalência de anemia nas mães foi de 9,6 por cento e nas crianças de 16,9 por cento. Para as mães, as variáveis analisadas que mostraram associação com anemia foram a idade, ter alguma doença, ter tido intercorrências obstétricas e ser atendida pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família, esta última aparecendo como fator de proteção para a mãe. Na análise multivariada apenas a Estratégia de Saúde da Família se manteve associada, enquanto as demais variáveis não mantiveram associação estatisticamente significante com a anemia. Paradoxalmente, a anemia materna não teve relação com a anemia do filho, bem como não houve correlação entre o nível de hemoglobina de mães anêmicas ou não anêmicas com o nível de hemoglobina de seus filhos. Conclusões - Apesar da anemia, nessa população de elevado Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano, ter prevalência baixa, segundo critério da Organização Mundial da Saúde, a mesma afetava uma em cada dez mães e uma em cada seis crianças. Isso evidencia que ainda há necessidade de atenção direcionada para esse agravo nas mulheres em idade reprodutiva e nas crianças com menos de cinco anos. Embora no grupo populacional haja semelhanças quanto às variáveis analisadas, é preciso um olhar atento às necessidades, principalmente em relação às crianças, com reforço na manutenção de ações intersetoriais entre saúde e educação, voltadas para a prevenção da anemia ferropriva.Introduction - The iron deficiency anemia, an important public health problem in both developing and developed countries, affects mainly under five-year-old children and women of reproductive age. Objective - to analyze the prevalence of anemia in women with children under 5 years-old enrolled in municipal day care centers in a municipality with a high Human Development Index. Methods - cross-sectional study. Sample consisting of 230 pairs of biological mothers aged 15-49 years and their under five-year-old children, who attended public day care centers in the city of Taubaté-SP. The data collection was performed through a questionnaire completed by those responsible for the child and a form applied to the mothers, to obtain information on socioeconomic and health factors of the woman and the child. The weight, height, and blood hemoglobin concentration of the capillary blood were verified from the mother and her respective son, with an immediate reading by the portable hemoglobinometer. Descriptive analyzes were made through measures of central tendency and dispersion proportions test, also a binary logistic analysis of multiple variables. Results - the prevalence of anemia in women was 9,6 per cent and in children 16.9 per cent. For women, the analyzed variables that showed an association with anemia were: age, being a carrier of disease, having had obstetric intercurrences and being attended by the Family Health Strategy, the latter appearing as a protection factor for the woman. In the multivariate analysis, only Family Health Strategy remained associated, while the other variables did not maintain a statistically significant association with anemia. Paradoxically, maternal anemia is not related to childhood anemia, and there was no correlation between the hemoglobin level of anemic and non-anemic mothers with their children\'s hemoglobin level. Conclusion - Although anemia in this high Human Development Index population was of low prevalence, according to World Health Organization criteria, it affected one in ten mothers and one in six children. This shows that there is still a need for targeted attention to this condition in women of reproductive age and in children under five years old. Although in the population group there are similarities to the analyzed variables, it is necessary to look closely at the needs, especially in relation to children, with a reinforcement in the maintenance of intersectoral actions between health and education aimed at the prevention of iron deficiency anemia.
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Greeff, Jani. "Effects of iron and omega–3 fatty acid supplementation on physical activity of iron deficient primary school children residing in KwaZulu–Natal / Greeff J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7325.
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Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world. In children, both inadequate iron and fatty acid (FA) status have been found to have an effect on cognitive and behavioural function, including physical activity behaviour and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)–related behaviour.
Aim: To investigate the effects of supplementation with iron and omega–3 fatty acids (n–3 FAs), alone and in combination, on spontaneous motor activity and ADHD–related behaviour in iron deficient primary school children in KwaZulu–Natal. An additional aim was to evaluate the use of the Actical accelerometer as a tool to assess physical activity behaviour.
Methods: The study design was a 2x2 factorial, randomized, double–blind and placebo–controlled trial. Iron deficient school children aged six to ten years with or without mild anaemia were included in the study (n = 321). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive one of the following supplement combinations: (1) 420mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/80 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 50mg of iron as ferrous sulphate (Fe); (2) 420mg DHA/80mg EPA + placebo; (3) 50mg of Fe + placebo; (4) placebo + placebo. Supplements were provided four times a week for a duration of 8.5 months (excluding school holidays). Physical activity of a subgroup of subjects (n=98) was recorded on four random school days at baseline, midpoint and endpoint (12 days in total) during three different time periods namely class time 1 (08h00-10h30), break time (10h30–11h00) and class time 2 (11h00–12h00). Classroom behaviour of study subjects was assessed by teachers at baseline and endpoint using the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale–Revised: Short Forms (CTRS). Iron status indicators and red blood cell (RBC) FA composition were measured at baseline and endpoint. Treatment effects were assessed for activity and CTRS scores. Furthermore, the relationship between activity, CTRS scores and iron/FA status indicators was determined using bivariate correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis.
Results: Overall activity of all subjects varied over time from baseline and midpoint to endpoint. A significant cycle x age interaction (P = 0.005) as well as a significant cycle x time period x gender interaction (P = 0.036) was observed on overall activity. There were no significant interactions of cycle or time period with treatment. However, there was a significant main effect of DHA/EPA supplementation for lower class time 1 activity at endpoint (P = 0.014). Biological markers indicating better or poorer iron status were positively and negatively associated with activity at break time, respectively. Subjects in the group receiving both iron and DHA/EPA supplements showed a significant improvement from baseline to endpoint on the cognitive problems/inattention subscale (P = 0.005) of the CTRS. Hyperactivity scores increased
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significantly from baseline to endpoint in all groups (P = 0.006). DHA (r = –.203; P = 0.040) and EPA (r = –.199; P = 0.044) content of RBC were negatively associated with activity at class time 1. No significant associations were observed between activity and CTRS scores at baseline. At endpoint, class time 1 activity was positively associated with all CTRS subscale scores except for the cognitive problems subscale, which only bordered significance (correlation, P = 0.051; regression, P = 0.073).
Conclusions: These findings suggest that n–3 FA supplementation may have an influence on ADHD–related behaviour during class time. During school break time when subjects were allowed to move around freely, iron status was positively associated with spontaneous motor activity. Furthermore, the accelerometer might be a useful complimentary tool for assessing both classroom and break time activity behaviour in school children.Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Prodócimo-Calore, Sílvia Aparecida. "Achados audiológicos pós-doenças infecciosas em crianças matriculadas em um centro especializado nos distúrbios da audição /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96112.
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Orientador: Ercília Maria Carone TrezzaResumo: A audição tem papel fundamental na vida do ser humano, possibilitando uma das nobres funções superiores do homem que é a comunicação. As doenças infecciosas podem alterar a integridade anatomofisiológica do sistema auditivo e também causar prejuízos no desenvolvimento global da criança. O presente estudo teve como objetivo delinear o perfil demográfico de 661 crianças matriculadas no Centro de Distúrbios da Audição, Linguagem e Visão (CEDALVI) do HRAC/USP, em Bauru-SP, reunindo os achados audiológicos das prováveis doenças infecciosas que causaram a deficiência auditiva nessa população. Os resultados desse estudo mostraram concentração maior de crianças na faixa etária de 2 a 3 anos de idade, procedentes da Região Sudeste do Brasil, do sexo masculino e nível sócio-econômico baixo. Quanto às características audiológicas, houve predomínio de deficiência auditiva do tipo sensorioneural, bilateral e graus grave a profundo. Concluiu-se que nas doenças infecciosas de origens congênita e adquirida, a rubéola e a meningite foram respectivamente as prováveis causas determinantes da deficiência auditiva na população estudada, devendo-se salientar a importância dos programas de vacinação e do diagnóstico precoce para que medidas profiláticas e terapêuticas possam ser elaboradas.
Abstract: Hearing plays a fundamental role in human life, allowing one of the noble superior functions of mankind, which is the communication. The infectious diseases can alter the anatomicophysiological integrity of the auditory system and also bring about damages to the child's global development. The present study aimed at delineating the demographic profile of 661 children enrolled at the Center for Attention to Hearing, Language and Vision Disturbances (CEDALVI) of the HRAC-USP, Bauru, Brazil, gathering the auditory findings of the probable infectious diseases causing the auditory deficiency in this population. The outcomes of this study showed a larger concentration of children aging 2 to 3 years old, from Southeastern Brazil, of the male gender and low socioeconomic level. Regarding the auditory characteristics, there was predominance of auditory deficiency of the sensorineural type, mainly bilateral of a severe to deep degree. It could be concluded that, among the congenital and acquired infectious disease, measles and the meningitis were respectively the probable determinant causes of the auditory deficiency in the studied population, thus highlighting the importance of the immunization programs and early diagnosis, so that prophylactic and therapeutic measures can be elaborated.
Mestre
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Karaceper, Maria D. "The Epidemiology and Health System Impact of Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Among Affected Children and Those with False Positive Newborn Screening Results in Ontario, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31509.
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Objective: To describe the epidemiology and health system impact of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) in Ontario.
Methods: Following a review of methods to estimating robust health event rates for small populations, this study described health services use among infants diagnosed with MCADD or received a false positive newborn screening result for MCADD from April 2006 through March 2010. Each cohort was compared with screen negative infants by linking to databases encompassing physician visits, emergency department care, and hospitalizations.
Results: Relative to comparison birth cohorts, children with MCADD (n=40) experienced significantly higher rates of all health service types, regardless of age at the time of visit; infants with false positive results for MCADD (n=43) experienced significantly higher rates of physician visits and hospitalizations in the first year of life only.
Conclusion: This study makes an important contribution to the limited existing research describing the health system impact of rare diseases.
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Vidrine, Damon J. (Damon James). "Nutritional, Demographic, and Behavioral DIfferences between Subjects from Two Similar WIC Clinics with Different Prevalences of Anemia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277976/.
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The purpose of the study was to determine what nutritional, demographic, and behavioral differences existed between children one year of age from two similar WIC clinics with different prevalences of anemia. Children from the higher-prevalence site were found to consume significantly (p < .05) more B12, C, copper, fiber, folate, total kilocalories, and riboflavin than did children from the lower-prevalence site. Family income and maternal weight gain were significantly (p < .05) higher in the lower-prevalence group as compared to the higher-prevalence group. In addition, children from the higher-prevalence site were enrolled in the WIC program at a significantly (p < .05) younger age than were children from the lower-prevalence site.
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Kmetiuk, Silvana Franco. ""Prevalência de anemia ferropriva em crianças matriculadas em duas creches municipais de Guarapuava - PR.2005"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-28062006-152856/.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever a prevalência de anemia ferropriva em crianças matriculadas em duas creches municipais de Guarapuava PR, no ano de 2005. Caracteriza-se como seccional ou corte transversal, de prevalência e de base populacional, envolvendo 156 crianças com idade inferior a seis anos, matriculadas nas creches municipais da zona urbana da cidade. Para caracterizar a população estudada foram obtidas informações junto às fichas cadastrais nas creches sobre variáveis relativas à criança: data de nascimento e sexo. Para mensuração da dosagem de hemoglobina sangüínea, foram coletadas amostras de sangue na ponta do dedo médio, para leitura em hemoglobinômetro portátil (Hemocue). A prevalência da anemia nas creches estudadas foi de 42,9%, ou seja 67 das 156 crianças em que se determinou a concentração de hemoglobina com valores inferiores a 11 g/dl. A prevalência para o sexo feminino foi de 42,3%, ou seja, entre as 71 meninas, 30 delas apresentaram concentração de hemoglobina com valores inferiores a 11g/dl e, para o sexo masculino igual a 43,5%, ou seja, entre os 85 meninos, 37 deles apresentaram concentração de hemoglobina com valores inferiores a 11g/dl. Dentre as 67 crianças com anemia, 25 (37,3%) crianças apresentaram anemia grave, sendo que no grupo das 30 meninas com anemia, 10 ( 33,3%) apresentaram anemia grave e, no grupo dos 37 meninos com anemia, 15 (40,5%) apresentaram anemia grave. Ainda nas 67 crianças com anemia 45 (67,2%) apresentavam idade inferior a 24 meses, sendo que no grupo das 30 meninas com anemia, 21 (70%) apresentavam idade inferior a 24 meses e para o grupo das 37 meninos com anemia, 24 (64,9) apresentavam idade inferior a 24 meses. Dentre as 25 crianças com anemia grave, 17 (68,0%) apresentavam idade inferior a 24 meses, sendo que para o grupo de 10 meninas com anemia grave, 9 (90%) apresentavam idade inferior a 24 meses e, para o grupo de 15 meninos com anemia grave, 8 (53,3%) apresentavam idade inferior a 24 meses. Alguns fatores podem ter contribuído para esse resultado. Um deles é o estado nutricional das crianças antes de ingressarem nas escolas infantis, o qual poderia já estar comprometido. Outro importante fator a ser considerado é a baixa inserção sócio-econômica das crianças que freqüentam as creches municipais, a qual impõe condições de vida que as tornam mais vulneráveis à diarréia, às infecções respiratórias e às parasitoses intestinais, podendo comprometer, de forma marcante, o consumo de alimentos por redução do apetite e por diminuição da absorção de nutrientes entre eles o ferro. Espera-se que os resultados forneçam subsídios para um melhor conhecimento e acompanhamento da situação nutricional destas crianças, já que constituem instrumento essencial para a aferição das condições de saúde da população infantil, além de oferecer medidas objetivas das condições de vida da população em geral.The present study it had as objective to describe the prevalence of iron deprive anemia in children registered two municipal day-care centers of Guarapuava - PR, in the year of 2005. Transversal cut is characterized as seccional or, of prevalence and population base, involving 156 children with lower age the six years registered the municipal day-care centers of the urban zone of the city. To characterize the studied population information together to the fiches had been gotten register in cadastre in the day-care centers on relative variable the child: date of birth and sex. For measuring of the dosage of sanguine hemoglobin, samples of blood in the tip of the average finger had been collected, for portable reading in hemoglobinometer (Hemocue). The prevalence of the anemia in the studied daycare centers was of 42.9%, or either 67 of the 156 children where if determined the concentration of hemoglobin with the lower values 11 g/dl. The prevalence for the feminine sex was of 42.3%, or either, between the 71 girls, 30 of them had presented concentration of hemoglobin with lower values 11g/dl and for equal the masculine sex 43.5%, or either, between the 85 boys, 37 of them had presented concentration of hemoglobin with lower values 11g/dl. Amongst the 67 children with anemia, 25 (37.3%) children had presented serious anemia, being that in the group of the 30 girls with anemia, 10 (33.3%) had presented serious anemia and in the group of the 37 boys with anemia, 15 (40.5%) had presented serious anemia. Still in the 67 children with anemia 45 (67.2%) they presented lower age the 24 months, being that in the group of the 30 girls with anemia, 21 (70%) presented lower age the 24 months and for the group of the 37 boys with anemia, 24 (64.9%) presented lower age the 24 months. Amongst the 25 children with serious anemia, 17 (68.0%) presented lower age the 24 months, being that for the group of 10 girls with serious anemia, 9 (90%) presented lower age the 24 months and, for the group of 15 boys with serious anemia, 8 (53.3%) presented lower age the 24 months. Some factors can have contributed for this result. One of them is the nutricional state of the children before entering the infantile schools, which could already be engaged. Another important factor to be considered is low the partnereconomic insertion of the children who frequent municipal day-care centers, which imposes life conditions that become them more vulnerable the diarrhea, to the respiratory infections and the intestinais parasatisms, being able to compromise, of marcante form, the food consumption for reduction of the appetite and reduction of the absorption of nutrients between them the iron. One expects that the results supply to subsidies one better knowledge and accompaniment of the nutricional situation of these children, since they constitute essential instrument for the gauging of the conditions of health of the infantile population, besides offering in general measured objective of the conditions of life of the population.
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Brunken, Gisela Soares. "Avaliação da eficácia de suplementação semanal no controle da anemia em pré-escolares." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-12092006-165813/.
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A eficácia de uma suplementação semanal com sulfato ferroso foi avaliada em uma coorte controlada de 1015 crianças de 4 a 59 meses de idade, divididos em dois grupos: Controle e Intervenção. No Grupo Controle (n=583 crianças), após avaliação da hemoglobina inicial, a mãe era informada do resultado e, no caso de diagnóstico de anemia a mãe era orientada a procurar serviço de saúde para tratar. As crianças do Grupo Intervenção (n=432 crianças) receberam solução com sulfato ferroso, acompanhado de colher-medida para ingestão de uma quantidade de solução com aproximadamente 4 mg/kg/semana, suficiente para 6 meses de suplementação. Após período aproximado de 7 meses, a variação da concentração média de hemoglobina (delta) do Grupo Intervenção era significativamente maior do que do Grupo Controle. O risco do delta variar foi proporcional ao grau de adesão à suplementação, exceto para adesão \"nula\". A concentração média de hemoglobina do Grupo Intervenção foi significativamente maior do que no Grupo Controle após os 30 meses de idade. Além disso, a incidência de anemia a partir dos 14 meses de idade foi significativamente menor entre as crianças que receberam intervenção, mas a incidência de superação de um quadro anêmico independeu da intervenção proposta. A suplementação semanal foi eficaz para prevenir, evitando o declínio e estabilizando os níveis de hemoglobina, mas não esteve associada com elevação desse indicador. A adesão plena e parcial somou 62% das crianças e foi semelhante entre os anêmicos e eutróficos. A ocorrência de efeitos benéficos foi quase o dobro (58%) do observado de efeitos deletérios (31%). Esses efeitos secundários, no entanto, podem ter sido superestimados pela forma de indagação. Além disso, os efeitos negativos, quando observados, não estavam relacionados à diminuição da adesão. A intervenção proposta apresenta-se, portanto, como uma alternativa viável no cumprimento do compromisso do Brasil junto às Nações Unidas com vista ao controle da anemia ferropriva.The efficacy of a weekly ferrous sulfate supplementation was evaluated in a controlled cohort of 1015 children 4 to59 months of age assigned into two groups - Control and Intervention. At Control Group (n = 583), after an initial hemoglobin evaluation, the mother was informed of the result and, if the child was anemic, instructed to seek a health service for treatment. The children in the Intervention Group (n = 432) were given a ferrous sulfate solution, together with a measure-spoon, for the ingestion of an amount of solution equal to approximately 4 mg Fe / kg / week, enough for a 6-month treatment. After approximately 7 months, the mean hemoglobin variation (delta) of the Intervention Group was higher than the Control. The risk of delta variation was proportional to the degree of treatment compliance, except for the \"null\" compliance. The mean hemoglobin concentration of the Intervention Group, after 30 months of age, was significantly higher than the Control. In addition, the anemia incidence after 14 months of age was significantly lower among the children who received intervention, but the reversion of a inicial anemia status did not depend on the proposed treatment. The weekly supplementation was efficient as prevention, avoiding the hemoglobin declining and stabilizing it levels, but was not associated with the rise of this indicator. The \"broad\" or \"partial\" compliance was observed in 62% of the children, and was similar among anemics and eutrophics. The occurrence of beneficial effects was almost double (58%) the deleterious observed (31%). The type of questioning, however, may have overestimated these secondary effects. Even so the negative effects, when observed, were not related to any reduction of compliance. The proposed intervention seems to be, in fact, as a viable alternative in accomplishment with Brazil commitment vis-à-vis the United Nations to control iron deficiency anemia.
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Сміян, Олександр Іванович, Александр Иванович Смиян, Oleksandr Ivanovych Smiian, Христина Ігоревна Васлишин, Кристина Игоревна Василишин, Khrystyna Igorivna Vasylyshyn, Тетяна Парфеніївна Бинда, et al. "Показатели феррокинетики у детей преддошкольного и дошкольного возраста, больных внебольничной пневмонией, ассоциированной с железодефицитной анемией." Thesis, New York, USA, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32629.
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Негоспітальна пневмонія (НП) залишається одним із найпоширеніших захворювань бронхолегеневої системи у дітей та с однією з актуальних медико-соціальних проблем педіатрії. Щорічна захворюваність на дану патологію становить близька 15-20 на 1000 дітей перших трьох рокі# життя і приблизно 5-6 випадків на 1000 дітей старше трьох років. Летальність від пневмонії в різних регіонах України коливається від 1,5 до 6 на 10000 дітей .
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32629Негоспитальная пневмония (НП) остается одним из самых распространенных заболеваний бронхолегочной системы у детей и с одной из актуальных медико-социальных проблем педиатрии. Ежегодная заболеваемость данной патологией составляет близка 15-20 на 1000 детей первых трех роки # жизни и примерно 5-6 случаев на 1000 детей старше трех лет. Летальность от пневмонии в различных регионах Украины колеблется от 1,5 до 6 на 10000 детей При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32629
Community acquired pneumonia (NP) is one of the most common diseases of the bronchopulmonary system in children and with one of the pressing health and social problems of Pediatrics. The annual incidence of this pathology is around 15-20 per 1000 children during the first three years of life # and about 5-6 cases per 1000 children over three years. Mortality from pneumonia in different regions of Ukraine ranges from 1.5 to 6 per 10,000 children When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32629