Journal articles: 'Iron alloys'

1

Gulyaev, A. P. "Iron alloys." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 29, no. 6 (June 1987): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00715885.

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Song, Tingting, Zibin Chen, Xiangyuan Cui, Shenglu Lu, Hansheng Chen, Hao Wang, Tony Dong, et al. "Strong and ductile titanium–oxygen–iron alloys by additive manufacturing." Nature 618, no. 7963 (May 31, 2023): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05952-6.

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AbstractTitanium alloys are advanced lightweight materials, indispensable for many critical applications1,2. The mainstay of the titanium industry is the α–β titanium alloys, which are formulated through alloying additions that stabilize the α and β phases3–5. Our work focuses on harnessing two of the most powerful stabilizing elements and strengtheners for α–β titanium alloys, oxygen and iron1–5, which are readily abundant. However, the embrittling effect of oxygen6,7, described colloquially as ‘the kryptonite to titanium’8, and the microsegregation of iron9 have hindered their combination for the development of strong and ductile α–β titanium–oxygen–iron alloys. Here we integrate alloy design with additive manufacturing (AM) process design to demonstrate a series of titanium–oxygen–iron compositions that exhibit outstanding tensile properties. We explain the atomic-scale origins of these properties using various characterization techniques. The abundance of oxygen and iron and the process simplicity for net-shape or near-net-shape manufacturing by AM make these α–β titanium–oxygen–iron alloys attractive for a diverse range of applications. Furthermore, they offer promise for industrial-scale use of off-grade sponge titanium or sponge titanium–oxygen–iron10,11, an industrial waste product at present. The economic and environmental potential to reduce the carbon footprint of the energy-intensive sponge titanium production12 is substantial.

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Margida, Anthony J., Keith D. Weiss, and J. David Carlson. "MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS BASED ON IRON ALLOY PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 23n24 (October 30, 1996): 3335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001781.

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A magnetorheological material containing iron alloy particles demonstrates magnetorheological strength dependent upon the elements of the alloy and relative concentration of the alloy elements. Selected iron/cobalt alloys demonstrate improved yield strength over traditional carbonyl iron based MR materials when the iron-cobalt alloy has an iron-cobalt ratio ranging from about 30:70 to 95:5. The iron-nickel alloys which have an iron-nickel ratio ranging from about 90:10 to 99:1 maintains superior strength over iron-nickel alloys outside that range.

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Meyers, G. J. "IRON CARBON ALLOYS.*." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 26, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 1127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1914.tb00344.x.

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5

Wang, Chong Bi, Xiao Dong Kong, and Zhi Qiang Tian. "Evaluation of the Protection Effect on Copper with Different Sacrificial Anodes." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.579.

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Sacrificial anodes performance of three iron alloys was measured by constant current test, The protection effects of iron alloys, zinc alloy and aluminum alloy sacrificial anodes on copper tube were compared and analysed by polarization test. The results show that all three iron alloys appearing well sacrificial anodes performance, with steady working potential, high practical electric capacity and current efficiency, the corrosion is uniform and the corrosion products fall easily. Iron alloys are more suitable for application on the cathodic protection of copper tube due to their more suitable driving voltage and coulpling current compared with zinc alloy and aluminum alloy.

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Rudenok, V. A., O. M. Kanunnikova, G. N. Aristova, and O. S. Tikhonova. "The design and properties of galvanic anticorrosive coatings for important precision parts of farming equipment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 949, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012113.

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Abstract The paper explores the possibility of using a number of nickel alloys in multilayer coatings to decrease nickel consumption and preserve the functional effect of the coating. The following is proved by the graphical calculation technique using experimental data on the galvanic properties of the multilayer coating parts. Nickel-iron, nickel-phosphorus and nickel-tin alloy can be applied as a lower coating layer rather than semi-shiny, shiny or composite nickel. It is advisable to use a nickel-iron alloy as the middle (second) layer, and the concentration of iron depends on the composition of the first and third layers. If a nickel-iron alloy is applied as the material of the first layer, then the second layer may be semi-shiny (Ns-sh) or shiny (Nsh) nickel. The substitution of nickel layers for nickel alloys allows to considerably (about 10%) decrease the cost of a multilayer coating, while the protective properties are remaining the same. The application of the same nickel-containing alloys as single-layer anticorrosive coatings shows a lower level of protective properties.

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7

Palm, Martin, Frank Stein, and Gerhard Dehm. "Iron Aluminides." Annual Review of Materials Research 49, no. 1 (July 2019): 297–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070218-125911.

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The iron aluminides discussed here are Fe–Al-based alloys, in which the matrix consists of the disordered bcc (Fe,Al) solid solution (A2) or the ordered intermetallic phases FeAl (B2) and Fe3Al (D03). These alloys possess outstanding corrosion resistance and high wear resistance and are lightweight materials relative to steels and nickel-based superalloys. These materials are evoking new interest for industrial applications because they are an economic alternative to other materials, and substantial progress in strengthening these alloys at high temperatures has recently been achieved by applying new alloy concepts. Research on iron aluminides started more than a century ago and has led to many fundamental findings. This article summarizes the current knowledge of this field in continuation of previous reviews.

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8

Kuwahara, Hideyuki, Yohichi Tomii, and Jun Takada. "Plasma Processing of Iron Alloys-(III) Plasma Carburizing of an Iron Alloy." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 39, no. 4 (1992): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.39.322.

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9

González, F., and Y. Houbaert. "A review of ordering phenomena in iron-silicon alloys." Revista de Metalurgia 49, no. 3 (June 30, 2013): 178–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1223.

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10

Qiu, Ming Min, Hao Wang, Xu Wu, Hong Qun Tang, and Guang Cai Su. "Study on the Corrosion Resistance of High Boron Iron-Based Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.326.

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Being compared with traditional wear resistant materials, the corrosion resistance of high boron iron-based alloy at 25°Cand at 60°Care researched respectively. The results show that the corrosion resistance of wear-resistant alloys decline at high temperature. At 25°C and at 60°C, though the corrosion resistance of high chromium cast iron is a little higher than that of high boron iron-based alloy in acid medium (PH=3), high boron iron-based alloy’s corrosion resistance is the best among these three materials in neutral medium (PH=7) and in alkaline medium (PH=12).

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11

Hilfrich, K., K. Nembach, W. Petry, O. Schärpf, and E. Nembach. "Superlattices in iron-rich iron-aluminium alloys." Physica B: Condensed Matter 180-181 (June 1992): 588–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(92)90403-f.

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12

Elzain, M. E. "Ferromagnetic iron-chromium alloys." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 3, no. 13 (April 1, 1991): 2089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/3/13/012.

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13

Ji, Shou Xun, Feng Gao, and Zhong Yun Fan. "Thermodynamics Calculation of Extra Mn Addition in the Recycling of Al-Si-Cu Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.33.

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Iron contamination from scrapped materials is always a problem in producing high quality secondary aluminium alloys. Consequently, the iron removal during recycling of aluminium alloys is essential and important in industrial practice. This work aims to study the effect of extra Mn addition on the effectiveness and efficiency of iron removal during recycling. The thermodynamics assessment was carried out for Al-Si-Cu alloys to find out the variation of balanced iron and manganese in the liquid melt and in the sediment solid Fe-rich intermetallics with different levels of extra Mn addition. The effect of alloy composition and processing temperatures was investigated. The findings help to understand the capability and fundamentals of iron removal in aluminium alloys.

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14

Shcheretskyi, O. A., A. M. Verkhovliuk, and D. S. Kanibolotsky. "Thermodynamic analysis of aluminium-based sacrificial anode alloys phase composition." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 101, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2022.01.003.

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Literature review on magnesium, zinc and aluminum-based sacrificial anode alloys chemical and phase compositions have been performed. Technological phase diagrams of aluminum-based sacrificial anode alloys with different content of harmful additives, such as iron, silicon and copper, have been calculated and constructed. It is determined that the harmful effect of iron is in faster dissolution of the anode due to large inclusions of iron intermetallic. This iron negative effect can be eliminated in several ways: a) maximization of the melt cooling rate, which will lead to significant grinding of the intermetallics and thus reduce their negative impact; b) high-temperature homogenization of the alloy with subsequent rapid cooling, which will reduce the size of the iron intermetallic inclusions; c) doping the alloy with additional manganese to bind iron in ternary compound, which has a different shape and size than the binary intermetallic and has less negative effect on the sacrificial anode alloy. To eliminate the negative effects of silicon, the alloy has to be additionally doped with magnesium in an amount that will ensure the silicon complete binding. In this case, the phase composition of the alloy will correspond the AP4 alloy (% wt.%: (4.0-6.0) Zn), (0.5-1.0) Mg, (0.05-1.00) Sn , ˂ 0.10 Si, ˂ 0.10 Fe, ˂ 0.01 Cu). Long-term heat treatment of the alloy at a temperature of 120 ° C is proposed to reduce the copper harmful effect on the aluminum-based sacrificial anode alloys. Almost all copper can pass from the solid aluminum solution into the Al2Cu compound during this processing. Keywords: sacrificial anode alloys, aluminum alloys, impurities, technological phase diagrams.

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15

Marukovich, E. I., V. Yu Stetsenko, and A. V. Stetsenko. "Nanostructured recrystallization of iron‑carbon alloys." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 14, 2022): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2022-3-27-29.

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Recrystallization of iron-carbon alloys has been shown to be a nanostructured process. Microcrystals of secondary cementite of steels and cast iron are formed from elementary nanocrystals of iron and graphite, free atoms of graphite and iron-carbon complexes. Microcrystals of primary α-ferrita steels are formed from elementary nanocrystals of iron and graphite, free iron atoms. Microcrystals of cast iron secondary graphite are formed from elementary nanocrystals and free graphite atoms. Eutectoid microcrystals are formed from elementary nanocrystals of iron and carbon, free atoms of iron and carbon, iron-carbon complexes.

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Bobyr, S. V. "Kinetics of Formation of Martensitic Crystals in Iron-Based Alloys." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 42, no. 11 (December 21, 2020): 1573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.42.11.1573.

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17

Avdeev, Yaroslav G., Tatyana A. Nenasheva, Andrei Yu Luchkin, Andrei I. Marshakov, and Yurii I. Kuznetsov. "Thin Films of a Complex Polymer Compound for the Inhibition of Iron Alloy Corrosion in a H3PO4 Solution." Polymers 15, no. 21 (October 31, 2023): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15214280.

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The etching of iron alloy items in a H3PO4 solution is used in various human activities (gas and oil production, metalworking, transport, utilities, etc.). The etching of iron alloys is associated with significant material losses due to their corrosion. It has been found that an efficient way to prevent the corrosion of iron alloys in a H3PO4 solution involves the formation of thin complex compound films consisting of the corrosion inhibitor molecules of a triazole derivative (TrzD) on their surface. It has been shown that the protection of iron alloys with a mixture of TrzD + KNCS in a H3PO4 solution is accompanied by the formation of a thin film of coordination polymer compounds thicker than 4 nm consisting of TrzD molecules, Fe2+ cations and NCS−. The layer of the complex compound immediately adjacent to the iron alloy surface is chemisorbed on it. The efficiency of this composition as an inhibitor of iron alloy corrosion and hydrogen bulk sorption by iron alloys is determined by its ability to form a coordination polymer compound layer, as experimentally confirmed by electrochemical, AFM and XPS data. The efficiency values of inhibitor compositions 5 mM TrzD + 0.5 mM KNCS and 5 mM TrzD + 0.5 mM KNCS + 200 mM C6H12N4 at a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C are 97% and 98%, respectively. The kinetic parameters of the limiting processes of hydrogen evolution and permeation into an iron alloy in a H3PO4 solution were determined. A significant decrease in both the reaction rate of hydrogen evolution and the rate of hydrogen permeation into the iron alloy by the TrzD and its mixtures in question was noted. The inhibitor compositions 5 mM TrzD + 0.5 mM KNCS and 5 mM TrzD + 0.5 mM KNCS + 200 mM C6H12N4 decreased the total hydrogen concentration in the iron alloy up to 9.3- and 11-fold, respectively. The preservation of the iron alloy plasticity in the corrosive environment containing the inhibitor under study was determined by a decrease in the hydrogen content in the alloy bulk.

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Bolibruchová, D., J. Macko, and M. Brůna. "Elimination of Negative Effect of Fe in Secondary Alloys AlSi6Cu4 (En Ac 45 000, A 319) by Nickel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0118.

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Abstract Submitted article deals with influence of iron based phases segregation by nickel, which is in literature known as iron based phases corrector. Iron is one of the most common impurities that can be found in Al-Si alloys. It is impossible to remove iron from melt by standard operations, but it is possible to eliminate iron negative effects by addition of other elements, that enables segregation of iron in form of intermetallics with less harmful effect. For melt treatment was selected an exact alloy with requested iron content - master alloy AlNi20. Influence of nickel was evaluated quantitatively by chemical analysis (solubility), thermal analysis and microstructure evaluation. Experimental results analysis shows a new view on solubility of iron based phases during melt preparation and treatment with higher iron content and also nickel effect as iron corrector of iron based phases. It can be concluded that nickel did not influenced iron based phases (β-phases), it does not change their type into more favorable form. As an initial impulse for starting this work was insufficient theoretical knowledge of usage secondary alloys Al-Si-Cu with higher iron content and its appropriate elimination in process of castings production for automotive industry. Increased iron content in alloys causes segregation of iron phases in various shapes and types during solidification, which subsequently affects quality, soundness and lifetime of castings. Because of increased demands for casting quality, final mechanical properties and effort to reduce costs, it is necessary to look for compromises in casting production from secondary alloys with occurrence of various impurities.

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Lech-Grega, Marzena, and Sonia Boczkal. "Iron Phases in Model Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys." Materials Science Forum 674 (February 2011): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.674.135.

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Iron phases present in alloys from the 6xxx series affect the workability behaviour of these alloys. Iron in these alloys occurs in the form of intermetallic phases and AlFe, α-AlFeSi, β- AlFeSi eutectics. The homogenisation treatment is carried out to induce the transformation of  phase into phase The aim of the studies was EDX and EBSD analysis by scanning microscopy of iron phases present in model alloys based on 6061 system, characterised by the silicon-iron ratio Si/Fe=0,5 and 1, examined in as-cast condition and after homogenisation, followed by a comparison of the detected phases with phases present in industrial ingots. In 6061 alloy, copper in the amount of 0,4wt.% occurred in the solid solution of aluminium. The EDX analysis proved that copper atoms were embedded also in iron precipitates, and scarce phases of an AlxCuy type were being formed. Different content of magnesium in the examined alloys (0,8 and 1,2wt.%) affected not only the quantitative content of Mg2Si phases, but also the presence of AlFe phases in alloy with small content of Si (0,4wt.%) and high content of Mg (1,2wt.%).

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Wang, Yong, Andrey Karasev, Joo Hyun Park, Wangzhong Mu, and Pär G. Jönsson. "Interfacial Phenomena and Inclusion Formation Behavior at Early Melting Stages of HCFeCr and LCFeCr Alloys in Liquid Iron." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 4 (May 18, 2021): 2459–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02185-8.

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AbstractChromium is normally added to liquid alloy in the form of different grades of ferrochromium (FeCr) alloys for the requirement of different alloy grades, such as stainless steels, high Cr cast iron, etc.. In this work, inclusions in two commercially produced alloys, i.e., high-carbon ferrochromium (HCFeCr) and low-carbon ferrochromium (LCFeCr) alloys, were investigated. The FeCr alloy/liquid iron interactions at an early stage were investigated by inserting solid alloy piece into contact with the liquid iron for a predetermined time using the liquid-metal-suction method. After quenching these samples, a diffusion zone between the alloys and the liquid Fe was studied based on the microstructural characterizations. It was observed that Cr-O-(Fe) inclusions were formed in the diffusion zone, FeOx inclusions were formed in the bulk Fe, and an “inclusion-free” zone was detected between them. Moreover, it was found that the HCFeCr was slowly dissolved, but LCFeCr alloy was rapidly melted during the experiment. The dissolution and melting behaviors of these two FeCr alloys were compared and the mechanism of the early-stage dissolution process of FeCr alloys in the liquid Fe was proposed.

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Meyer, A., L. Hennig, F. Kargl, and T. Unruh. "Iron self diffusion in liquid pure iron and iron-carbon alloys." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 31, no. 39 (July 9, 2019): 395401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ab2855.

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Salomonsson, Kent, and Anders E. W. Jarfors. "Three-Dimensional Microstructural Characterization of Cast Iron Alloys for Numerical Analyses." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.427.

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In this paper, we aim at characterizing three different cast iron alloys and their microstructural features, namely lamellar, compacted and nodular graphite iron. The characterization of microscopic features is essential for the development of methods to optimize the behavior of cast iron alloys; e.g. maximize thermal dissipation and/or maximize ductility while maintaining strength. The variation of these properties is commonly analyzed by metallography on two-dimensional representations of the alloy. However, more precise estimates of the morphologies and material characteristics is obtained by three-dimensional reconstruction of microstructures. The use of X-ray microtomography provides an excellent tool to generate high resolution three-dimensional microstructure images. The characteristics of the graphite constituent in the microstructure, including the size, shape and connectivity, were analyzed for the different cast iron alloys. It was observed that the lamellar and compacted graphite iron alloys have relatively large connected graphite morphologies, as opposed to ductile iron where the graphite is present as nodules. The results of the characterization for the different alloys were ultimately used to generate finite element models.

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Nady, Norhan, Noha Salem, Marwa A. A. Mohamed, and Sherif H. Kandil. "Iron-Nickel Alloy with Starfish-like Shape and Its Unique Magnetic Properties: Effect of Reaction Volume and Metal Concentration on the Synthesized Alloy." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 3034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11113034.

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Iron-nickel alloy is an example of bimetallic nanostructures magnetic alloy, which receives intensive and significant attention in recent years due to its desirable superior ferromagnetic and mechanical characteristics. In this work, a unique starfish-like shape of an iron-nickel alloy with unique magnetic properties was presented using a simple, effective, high purity, and low-cost chemical reduction. There is no report on the synthesis of such novel shape without complex precursors and/or surfactants that increase production costs and introduce impurities, so far. The synthesis of five magnetic iron-nickel alloys with varying iron to nickel molar ratios (10–50% Fe) was undertaken by simultaneously reducing Fe(II) and Ni(II) solution using hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent in strong alkaline media for 15 min at 95–98 °C. The effect of reaction volume and total metal concentration on the properties of the synthesized alloys was studied. Alloy morphology, chemical composition, crystal structure, thermal stability, and magnetic properties of synthesized iron-nickel alloys were characterized by means of SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, DSC and VSM. ImageJ software was used to calculate the size of the synthesized alloys. A deviation from Vegard’s law was recorded for iron molar ration higher than 30%., in which superstructure phase of FeNi3 was formed and the presence of defects in it, as well as the dimensional effects of nanocrystals. The saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc), retentivity (Mr), and squareness are strongly affected by the molar ratio of iron and nickel and reaction volume as well as the total metal concentration.

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24

Radzikowska, Janina M. "A New Look at Cast Iron Microstructure." Microscopy Today 11, no. 5 (October 2003): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500053244.

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Cast irons belong to a family of iron-carbon (Fe - C) alloys with free carbon in the form of graphite, a very soft constituent of iron microstructures, that improves machinability and damping properties of castings, or combined carbon, in the form of cementite, that improves wear resistance. Graphitic cast irons include grey iron, compacted iron, malleable iron, and ductile iron, Cementite irons include white cast iron and alloy cast irons. Solidification of graphite directly from molten metal takes place between 1145°C (2093 °F) and 1152 °C (2105 °F), according to the Fe-C equilibrium diagram. The above considerations regard only pure Fe - C alloys.

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25

Dungworth, D. B. "The Production of Copper Alloys in Iron Age Britain." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 62 (1996): 399–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002851.

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This paper presents a selection of compositional analyses of Iron Age copper alloy artefacts from northern Britain. The results were obtained as part of a larger project which examined Iron Age and Roman copper alloys in northern Britain (the region from the Trent-Mersey to the Forth-Clyde). The quantitative analyses were carried out using EDXRF on drilled or polished samples. Comparisons are made with results from the late Bronze Age and early Roman period in northern Britain. The results are also compared with those already published from a range of Iron Age sites in southern England. The large total number of copper alloy analyses from the British Iron Age has made possible a synthesis of the data which has largely been assembled piecemeal. It is now clear that a tin bronze was the principal copper alloy for much of the Iron Age. The composition of this alloy is distinct from the alloys used in the Late Bronze Age and during the Roman period although there is considerable ‘blurring’ at the transitions. A brief outline of the analytical method employed and the analytical results are included.

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Kuwahara, Hideyuki, and Jun Takada. "Plasma Mitriding of Iron Alloys." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 41, no. 11 (1994): 1341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.41.1341.

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27

Goodfriend, Mel. "Magnetostrictive Rare Earth Iron Alloys." Materials and Processing Report 3, no. 9 (December 1988): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08871949.1988.11752212.

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Liu, C. T. "Corrosion Resistant Iron Aluminide Alloys." Materials and Processing Report 3, no. 9 (December 1988): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08871949.1988.11752213.

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Gómez, E., E. Pelaez, and E. Vallés. "Electrodeposition of zinc+iron alloys." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 469, no. 2 (July 1999): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00196-5.

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Gómez, E., X. Alcobe, and E. Vallés. "Electrodeposition of zinc+iron alloys." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 475, no. 1 (October 1999): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00345-9.

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Belotskii, A. V., and A. I. Yurkova. "Friction nitriding of iron alloys." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 33, no. 1 (January 1991): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00775027.

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32

Finkler, D. K.-H., T. Heck, A. E. Maurer, S. J. Campbell, and U. Gonser. "Segregation of iron inCuAuFe alloys." Hyperfine Interactions 41, no. 1 (December 1988): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02400455.

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Adachi, T., and G. H. Meier. "Oxidation of iron-silicon alloys." Oxidation of Metals 27, no. 5-6 (June 1987): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00659276.

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Filonenko, N. Y., O. I. Babachenko, G. A. Kononenko, and K. G. Domina. "Solubility of carbon, manganese and silicon in γ-iron of Fe-Mn-Si-C alloys." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.3.525-529.

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The study was performed on alloys with a carbon content of 0,37-0,57 % (wt.), silicon 0,23-0,29 % (wt.), manganese 0,7-0,86 % (wt.), the rest– iron. To determine the phase composition of alloys used microstructural, microanalysis and X-ray analysis. In addition, the physical characteristics of the alloys studied in this paper were determined, such as alloy chemical dependence of extension and contraction ratio, impact toughness and hardness. The results obtained in this paper showed that the iron-based alloy with the content of carbon of 0.57 % (wt.), silicon of 0.28 % (wt.) and manganese of 0.86 % (wt.)) had the superior microstructure and physical properties. It was determined that after a number of crystallization and phase transformation the alloy phase structure includes two phases: a-iron and cement magnesium doping Fe2.7Mn0,3C.. For the first time using the method quasichemistry received an expression of the free energy of a γ-iron alloyed with silicon and magnesium, and determined the solubility limit of carbon, manganese and silicon. The maximum content in γ-iron can reach: carbon 6,8 % (at.), manganese – 67,5 % (at.), silicon – 2,3 % (at.).

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Filipovic, Mirjana. "Iron-chromium-carbon-vanadium white cast irons: Microstructure and properties." Chemical Industry 68, no. 4 (2014): 413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind130615064f.

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The as-cast microstructure of Fe-Cr-C-V white irons consists of M7C3 and vanadium rich M6C5 carbides in austenitic matrix. Vanadium changed the microstructure parameters of phase present in the structure of these alloys, including volume fraction, size and morphology. The degree of martensitic transformation also depended on the content of vanadium in the alloy. The volume fraction of the carbide phase, carbide size and distribution has an important influence on the wear resistance of Fe-Cr-C-V white irons under low-stress abrasion conditions. However, the dynamic fracture toughness of Fe-Cr-C-V irons is determined mainly by the properties of the matrix. The austenite is more effective in this respect than martensite. Since the austenite in these alloys contained very fine M23C6 carbide particles, higher fracture toughness was attributed to a strengthening of the austenite during fracture. Besides, the secondary carbides which precipitate in the matrix regions also influence the abrasion behaviour. By increasing the matrix strength through a dispersion hardening effect, the fine secondary carbides can increase the mechanical support of the carbides. Deformation and appropriate strain hardening occur in the retained austenite of Fe-Cr-C-V alloys under repeated impact loading. The particles of precipitated M23C6 secondary carbides disturb dislocations movement and contribute to increase the effects of strain hardening in Fe-Cr-C-V white irons.

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Znamenskii, L. G., A. N. Franchuk, and A. A. Yuzhakova. "Nanostructured Materials in Preparation Casting Alloys." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.668.

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The article deals with technologies of refining and inoculating casting alloys with the use of nanostructured diamond powder, as well as stimulation technique on molten metal including processing of the liquid alloy with nanosecond electromagnetic pulses. The developed method of cast iron inoculation allows to eliminate the flare and to increase the physical and mechanical properties of the castings through the grain refining and the decrease of chilling tendency during crystallization of the liquid alloy. Inoculating of aluminium alloys by high-melting particles of a nanostructured diamond powder leads to the grinding of structural constituents, including conditions for dispersing hardening intermetallics during postbaking of such castings. As a result, foundry and physicomechanical properties of castings are significantly improved.

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Darling, K. A., B. K. VanLeeuwen, J. E. Semones, C. C. Koch, R. O. Scattergood, L. J. Kecskes, and S. N. Mathaudhu. "Stabilized nanocrystalline iron-based alloys: Guiding efforts in alloy selection." Materials Science and Engineering: A 528, no. 13-14 (May 2011): 4365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.080.

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Kita, Kazuhisa, and Ryoichi Monzen. "Coarsening of Iron Precipitate Particles in Copper-Iron Alloys." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 65, no. 4 (2001): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.65.4_223.

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39

Palombarini, G., and M. Carbucicchio. "High boron phases on borided iron and iron alloys." Journal of Materials Science Letters 4, no. 2 (February 1985): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00728067.

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Marukovich, E. I., V. I. Stetsenko, and A. V. Stetsenko. "Nanostructured crystallization of casting alloys." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 14, 2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2022-3-13-19.

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Crystallization of casting alloys has been shown to be a nanostructured process. Microcrystals of phases in the temperature range of liquidus and solidus, during eutectic and peritectic reactions, are formed from nanocrystals of components A and B of alloys, their free atoms and atomic complexes. Microcrystals of primary austenite and austenite-graphite eutectics during crystallization of cast iron, microcrystals of austenite and δ-ferrite during crystallization of steel are formed as a result of nanostructural reactions from elementary nanocrystals of iron and graphite, free atoms of iron and graphite, iron-carbon complexes. Primary and eutectic microcrystals of silumin are formed from elementary nanocrystals of aluminum and silicon, free atoms of aluminum and silicon, aluminum-silicon complexes.

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41

Abdullah, Harith Hammody, Ali Awad Ibraheem, and Ahmed Abdel Ameer Khudhair. "Production of Ductile Iron Using Inside-Mold Treatment Technique." Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 9, no. 2 (October 20, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id176.

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Ductile Cast Iron is a widely used cast iron. Ductile iron applications are used in various sectors of modern mechanical industries. Ductile iron has wide uses in the field of car industry, military industries, agricultural equipment, construction and mines. The production of ductile iron faces many technical difficulties in our local factories due to the difficulty in providing equipment and technologies for its production by common methods. In this study, we resorted to applying one of the modern methods in the production of ductile iron, which is the treatment process for the molten iron in the sand mold. Magnesium alloys were added inside the sand mold within the casting stream and in the casting cavity for casting production. Specific weights were added and experiments were performed to determine the fusible chemical composition appropriate for preparing ductile cast iron. The study proved that adding magnesium alloys inside the sand mold, whether inside the mold cavity or in the casting channel, is both a successful method for producing ductile iron alloys. It is possible to produce different types of ductile iron by controlling the ratio of alloy additions to the molten metal content during casting.

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Bobzin, K., H. Heinemann, M. Erck, O. Stryzhyboroda, and S. Vinke. "Design and characterization of novel iron‐based amorphous brazing foils based on thermodynamic predictions." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 54, no. 11 (November 2023): 1340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202300031.

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AbstractAmorphous brazing foils facilitate the brazing process due to their high flexibility. Nickel‐based amorphous brazing foils are already in industrial use. However, as the raw material price for nickel is continuously increasing, more cost‐efficient iron‐based amorphous brazing foils are currently the focus of research. In this study, three alloys in the quinary system iron‐nickel‐chrom‐silicon‐boron will be investigated, which, according to previous predictions of newly developed thermodynamic databases, should exhibit an increased glass forming ability. The production and the characterization of the new iron‐based foils will in turn serve to validate the newly developed thermodynamic databases. With one of the alloys, a new iron‐based partly amorphous brazing foil can successfully be produced, but the other two alloys are too brittle for the brazing process. The results of this study not only show that the newly developed thermodynamic database of the quinary iron‐nickel‐chrome‐silicon‐boron alloy system can provide suitable prediction on the microstructure and melting behavior of the corresponding alloys, but also that it is possible to produce a quaternary iron‐based partly amorphous foil.

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Hurtalová, Lenka, Eva Tillová, and Mária Chalupová. "The Study of Iron Intermetallic Phases Morphology with Applying Deep Etching in Secondary Al-Si Alloys." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.359.

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The morphology control of intermetallic phases is very important in secondary aluminium cast alloy, because these alloys contain more of additional elements, which forms various intermetallic phases in the structure. Improvement of the mechanical properties is strongly depending upon the morphology, type and distribution of the second phases, which are in turn a function of the alloy composition and cooling rate. The iron intermetallic phase has the greatest influence on mechanical properties. It is necessary to study microstructure of Al-Si alloys, because the metallographic evaluation of aluminium alloys is not simple and these alloys are used for production many mechanical components, especially for cars, aerospace and rail vehicles. The study of iron intermetallic phases was performed using light microscope Neophot 32 and SEM observation with EDX analysis. For study the morphology of these phases were samples deep-etched for 30 s in HCl solution, in order to reveal the three-dimensional morphology of the iron phases.

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Jeong, Gu Beom, Jae Sook Song, and Sun Ig Hong. "Microstructure and Deformability of Cast Zr-Nb-Fe-O Alloy with High Iron and Oxygen Content." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.99.

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In order to investigate the possible effect of the scrap inclusions in recycling, microstructure and deformability of Zr-Nb based alloys cast with the addition of iron and iron oxide were studied. No visible iron oxide inclusions were observed in the arc-melted cake, suggesting that Zr and Fe2O3reacted completely to dissociate Fe2O3into Fe and O in the Zr. No oxide peaks were observed by XRD analyses. In Zr-Nb alloy melted with iron oxide, the oxygen content reached up to 3150 ppm. Zr-1.2 Nb alloys with high oxygen contents exhibited needle-shaped α phase. and the the thickness of needles decreased. In Zr-1.2Nb alloys with over 2000 ppm they are brittle and cracked during rolling process. In some region of the fracture surface brittle fracture feature such as vein-like pattern was observed. In the fractograph, no brittle second phase particles were observed. EDS spectra. It is apparent that Zr-Nb alloys with the addition of iron oxide during the handling of scrap materials exhibit the extremely brittle behavior.

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Ding, Kan, Hiroyuki Sasahara, Syuji Adachi, and Kimio Nishimura. "Investigation on the Cutting Process of Plasma Sprayed Iron Base Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.821.

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In the recent years, the current technology enables only the molten iron base alloys, sprayed on the aluminum alloy engine block thus it can function as a cylinder bore. However, the machinability performance of plasma spray coated cylinder bore in boring process is poor because of severe tool wear compared with the previous cast iron cylinder bore. This paper deals with the results obtained at boring process of plasma sprayed iron base alloys coating to clarify the root cause of tool wear. Preliminary fine boring and turning experiments are conducted on the plasma sprayed cylinder bore, and tool wear, tool failure modes and cutting force were also investigated. The result shows plasma spray coated cylinder bore recorded larger cutting force than the cast iron cylinder bore. Also, this work shows that abrasive effect by the hard oxide particles on the cross-sectioned of machined layer is superior when fine boring plasma spraying iron base alloys coating.

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Zhang, X. F., K. Thaidigsmann, J. Ager, and P. Y. Hou. "Al2O3scale development on iron aluminides." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0172.

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The structure and phase of the Al2O3scale that forms on an Fe3Al-based alloy Fe-28Al-5Cr (at.%) was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Oxidation was performed at 900 °C and 1000 °C for up to 190 min. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that single-layer scales were formed after short oxidation times. Electron diffraction was used to show that the scales are composed of nanoscale crystallites of the θ, γ, and α phases of alumina. Band-like structure was observed extending along three 120°-separated directions within the surface plane. Textured θ and γ grains were the main components of the bands, whereas mixed α and transient phases were found between the bands. Extended oxidation produced a double-layered scale structure with a continuous α layer at the scale/alloy interface and a γ/θ layer at the gas surface. The mechanism for the formation of Al2O3scales on iron aluminide alloys is discussed and compared with that for nickel aluminide alloys.

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47

Nagasawa, Ren, Koichi Oyanagi, Takamasa Hirai, Rajkumar Modak, Satoru Kobayashi, and Ken-ichi Uchida. "Anomalous Ettingshausen effect in iron–carbon alloys." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 6 (August 8, 2022): 062401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103248.

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We have investigated the anomalous Ettingshausen effect (AEE) in iron–carbon alloys, i.e., cast irons and steel, using the lock-in thermography. All the alloys exhibit the clear AEE-induced temperature modulation, and their anomalous Ettingshausen coefficient is an order of magnitude greater than that of the pure iron at room temperature. The dimensionless figure of merit for AEE in the ductile cast iron is 55 times greater than that in the pure iron owing to the significant increase in the anomalous Ettingshausen coefficient. Our result reveals a potential of iron–carbon alloys as transverse thermoelectric materials, although the composition and microstructures optimizations are necessary.

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Klymenko, L. P., O. F. Pryshchepov, V. I. Andrieiev, O. V. Shchesiuk, O. I. Sluchak, and Kong Bolan. "APPLICATION OF VACUUM SUCTION CASTING OF IRON-CARBON ALLOYS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENGINE PARTS." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 2 (September 15, 2023): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2023.2.08.

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The use of vacuum suction casting technology for iron-carbon alloys for the production of internal combustion engine parts will improve their quality and wear resistance, preserve metal, and reduce emissions. The technology is widely used for non-ferrous alloys. At the same time, its implementation for iron-carbon alloys (including cast iron) in modern engine construction requires careful scientific and practical preparation. Problematic tasks arise when improving the pneumatic system of vacuum suction (large volumes of gas release), the stability of the metal pipeline (thermal overload in a high-temperature cast iron melt), and the stabilization of the casting microstructure (high-speed crystallization). The authors suggest using a specialized titanium alloy VT3-1 for the metal pipeline, for which the article calculates thermal loads during cyclic operation in the “Deep – take-out” mode for the use of cast irons of the SCH25 and VCH50-1.5 grades. For reliable operation of the metal pipeline and the absence of solidification of the melt on its inner surface, a thermal calculation method was develop, which allows determining the time of heat removal of overheating of the melt according to the diameter of the metal pipeline. The pneumatic system of the vacuum unit is supplement with a patented gas jet ejector, which, in combination with a powerful shop compressed air system, provides a full gas outlet. Applying the developed law of change in the discharge between atmospheric pressure and pressure in the mold cavity, the authors of the article regulate the rate of crystallization of castings, which makes it possible to form much smaller phases of perlite in the microstructure and reduce the presence of Ferrite. At the Enterprise "Pervomaiskdizelmash" using vacuum casting technology, blanks of guide bushings of engine valves 6CHN25/34 made of cast iron SCH25 and VCH50-1,5, as well as oils of piston rings made of cast iron VCH50-1,5 were obtained. The obtained parts showed an increased service life by 15-30%. Vacuum casting technology is recommend for iron-carbon alloys in the production of engine parts.

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Berthod, Patrice, Pierric Lemoine, and Lionel Aranda. "Study of the Behavior in Oxidation at High Temperature of Ni, Co and Fe-Base Alloys Containing Very High Fractions of Carbides." Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.871.

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Nine cast alloys reinforced by very high fractions of carbides, Ni-30Cr-xC, Co-30Cr-xC and Fe-30Cr-xC with x varying from 1.2 to 2.0, were tested in oxidation at high temperature between 1,000 and 1,200°C in air for 50 hours. After oxidation, their surfaces and sub-surfaces were characterized. Even for very high carbon contents, the chromia-forming behaviour of the nickel alloys is kept. The oxidation modes of the cobalt alloys and iron alloys are not changed compared to low carbon alloys of these families. The differences of diffusion easiness of chromium in matrix, between nickel alloys, cobalt alloys and iron alloys are the same as for alloys with lower carbon contents, as suggested by the lower chromium gradients in the nickel alloys compared to the two other alloy types. Sub-surface microstructure transformations due to oxidation were observed in some cases (coarsening of carbides due to an inwards diffusion of carbon, change of the sharing between BCC-FCC of iron matrix due to outwards diffusion of chromium). Catastrophic oxidation never occurred for these alloys during the 50 hours of exposition to air at high temperature.

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Vleugels, J., L. Vandeperre, and O. Van Der Biest. "Influence of alloying elements on the chemical reactivity between Si–Al–O–N ceramics and iron-based alloys." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 5 (May 1996): 1265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0161.

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The chemical interaction between two β′–O′ Si–Al–O–N ceramics and a number of iron-based alloys is studied by means of static interaction couple experiments at 1100 and 1200 °C. The onset temperature of reaction of Si3N4 with pure iron was found to be at 1095 °C, which is in good agreement with a calculated temperature of 1033 °C. During the interaction, silicon and nitrogen from the ceramic dissolve and diffuse into the iron alloy, whereas the remaining aluminum and oxygen form Al2O3 particles. The interaction between ceramic and iron alloy is reaction controlled. In the initial stage of the interaction, the dissociation rate of the ceramic is the rate-controlling step. After the ceramic/metal interface is isolated from the furnace atmosphere, the nitrogen solution rate into the iron alloy becomes rate controlling. The influence of alloying elements on the reactivity could be related to their effect on the nitrogen solubility in the iron alloy. Ni, Si, and C decrease the nitrogen solubility and decrease the reactivity with the sialon ceramic. Cr and Mo have the opposite effect. The thickness of the interaction layer on the ceramic side of the interaction couple was found to be a function of the calculated nitrogen solubility in the iron alloy at 1 atm nitrogen pressure, making it possible to predict the relative chemical reactivity of a number of iron-based alloys with the same sialon ceramic.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Iron alloys'

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