Academic literature on the topic 'Iron Age people'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Iron Age people.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Iron Age people"
1
Sellevold, Berit J., and Jenny‐Rita Ræss. "Iron Age people of Norway." Norwegian Archaeological Review 20, no. 1 (January 1987): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293652.1987.9965448.
Full text
2
Raninen, S., and A. Wickholm. "THE BROKEN PEOPLE: DECONSTRUCTION OF PERSONHOOD IN IRON AGE FINLAND." Estonian Journal of Archaeology 10, no. 2 (2006): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/arch.2006.2.03.
Full text
3
Feldman, Michal, Daniel M. Master, Raffaela A. Bianco, Marta Burri, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Alissa Mittnik, Adam J. Aja, Choongwon Jeong, and Johannes Krause. "Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines." Science Advances 5, no. 7 (July 2019): eaax0061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0061.
Full textAbstract:
The ancient Mediterranean port city of Ashkelon, identified as “Philistine” during the Iron Age, underwent a marked cultural change between the Late Bronze and the early Iron Age. It has been long debated whether this change was driven by a substantial movement of people, possibly linked to a larger migration of the so-called “Sea Peoples.” Here, we report genome-wide data of 10 Bronze and Iron Age individuals from Ashkelon. We find that the early Iron Age population was genetically distinct due to a European-related admixture. This genetic signal is no longer detectible in the later Iron Age population. Our results support that a migration event occurred during the Bronze to Iron Age transition in Ashkelon but did not leave a long-lasting genetic signature.
4
Davies, Alex. "Objects, Place and People: Community Organization in Southern Britain in the First Millennium bc." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28, no. 2 (January 16, 2018): 321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774317000956.
Full textAbstract:
This paper seeks to understand how identity was constructed and communities were constituted in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age of parts of central and southern Britain. A holistic approach is favoured, finding patterns within each period that cross different types of evidence. These patterns can be related to underlying social and conceptual logic systems. It is argued that in the Late Bronze Age communities were relatively fluid and lineage played only a minor role in defining identity. Early Iron Age society was more concerned with ancestral genealogy and inter-generational inheritance. By the Middle Iron Age, this developed to the stage where smaller groups displayed increasing autonomy from each other. These social differences can account for many of the dissimilarities in the archaeological records of the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age. Despite contrasting methods of community organization, assessing contiguous periods under the same theoretical and methodological frameworks has proved a useful analytical device.
5
Kyazike, Elizabeth. "Later Stone and Iron Age Cohabitation at the Nsongezi Open-Air Site, Western Uganda." Africa Review 14, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/09744061-20220001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This research at the Nsongezi open-air site examines the intergenerational artefacts at a site where the first Stone Age artefacts were identified in Uganda. The purpose was to examine the nature and cause of the mixed Later Stone Age (LSA) and Iron Age (IA) artefacts in the same stratigraphic context at Nsongezi. The specific objectives included examining the ceramic assemblage, discussing the nature of interactions between the Later Stone Age and Iron Age people and accounting for why and how the mixture of artefacts occurs at Nsongezi. Using a documentary review, archaeological survey, and excavation, the research re-examines the theories of displacement and coexistence concerning the LSA and IA material mixture, which has always been dismissed as a disturbance of stratigraphic contexts. Guided by the Law of superimposition, the association of archaeological material from different cultural periods such as the Later Stone Age and Iron Age artefacts at Nsongezi is attributed to four phenomena. First is the cultural interaction of distinct LSA and IA populations. Secondly, the LSA populations may have adopted Iron Age technology and pottery while continuing with some of the LSA technology and pottery. Thirdly, the Iron Age populations occupied the LSA sites previously abandoned, and some of the LSA peoples occupied the old Iron Age sites as the two groups crisscrossed the region in shifting agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies. Finally, the mixed LSA and Iron Age deposits might have resulted from post-abandonment taphonomic processes. Therefore, the social interactions between the LSA and IA at Nsongezi challenge the dominant narrative that the IA populations used their metal technology’s superiority to displace and absorb the LSA people.
6
Back Danielsson, Lng-Marie. "Engendering Performance in the Late Iron Age." Current Swedish Archaeology 7, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1999.01.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with humanoid figures on gold foils from the Late Iron Age in Scandinavia. Interpreted as figures wearing masks, an effort is made to show the complexity, importance and significance of masking practices. The single Bornholm figures from the 6th century are interpreted as shamans performing rituals. Further, it is proposed that a restriction of masked appearances and performances to certain people (shamans) and places in the long run created stricter and more rigid gender roles in everyday life. The later gold-foil couples are seen as signs of divine communication, cosmological movement and seasonality, making up a mythology that legitimised political domination —the sacred lineage of rulers pivoting around an apical, ancestral cross-sex pair.
7
Tabuteau, Emily Zack, and J. G. Pounds. "The Culture of the English People: Iron Age to the Industrial Revolution." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 27, no. 2 (1996): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205173.
Full text
8
Theilmann, John M. "The Culture of the English People: Iron Age to the Industrial Revolution." History: Reviews of New Books 23, no. 3 (April 1995): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1995.9951061.
Full text
9
Rodger, Richard. "The culture of the English people: Iron age to the industrial revolution." Cities 14, no. 1 (February 1997): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-2751(97)89332-8.
Full text
10
Djazayery, A. "Iron status and socioeconomic determinants of the quantity and quality of dietary iron in a group of rural Iranian women." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7, no. 4-5 (September 15, 2001): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.4-5.652.
Full textAbstract:
Iron intake and status were investigated in 471 mothers [age range: 16-53 years] from rural areas in Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran. Although average total iron intake was acceptable, only 6.4% of women derived at least 4% of their total intake from animal iron. Average energy and protein intakes were inadequate. Low iron status was seen in 8.2%-28.7%, depending on the parameter used, with 28.3% experiencing iron-deficiency anaemia. Significantly higher animal iron intakes were found in literate or employed women, or those of family size fewer than six people. Increasing employment opportunities, income levels and literacy rates for women will result in better iron intake and status and should receive particular attention in national planning.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iron Age people"
1
Fumiko, Ohinata. "Archaeology of iron-using farming communities in Swaziland : pots, people and life during the first and second millennia AD." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391069.
Full text
2
Inall, Yvonne Louise. "In search of the spear people : spearheads in context in Iron Age eastern Yorkshire and beyond." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16509.
Full textAbstract:
Spearheads have long been an understudied class of object for the Iron Age, and for the British Iron Age in particular. No satisfactory typology has yet been published and this thesis addresses that lacuna through the creation of a new typology of spearheads for Iron Age Britain. The typology is a significant step-forward in the study of Iron Age weaponry, and forms a useful tool which facilitates not only the study of martial practices but also contextual studies of this important class of object. The typology has been designed with the end-user in mind and offers guidelines for practical application. The data collection conducted for this thesis forms the largest dataset of Iron Age spearheads for Britain which has been conducted to date. This data is made freely available as an online resource to facilitate future research. To this end, the typology has been designed as an open system which can accommodate the addition of new types, should they come to be identified. Spearheads did not exist in a cultural vacuum and this work applies the typology in a number of contextual analyses. The Arras Culture of Iron Age East Yorkshire featured an unparalleled burial rite involving spears, known as the ‘speared corpse’ ritual. This practice serves as and entre-point for an examination of Iron Age spearheads in Britain, placing them in their broader martial, social and cosmological contexts. The contextual analyses explore the archaeological contexts from which spearheads have been recovered, examining the types of spear selected for inclusion in structured deposition and martial burials inter-regionally and through time. Consideration is given to the decision-making processes underlying the inclusion of spearheads in votive deposits as well as the specific placement of martial objects in Iron Age burials. The thesis also examines the role which spearheads and other martial objects played in the construction of martial identities in the British Iron Age. The research undertaken represents the most detailed study of Iron Age spearheads conducted for Britain to date, and demonstrates the importance of the spear within the cultures and cosmologies of the Iron Age peoples of Britain.
3
Desai, Nirdev. "Technological, social and economic aspects of gold production and use by the iron age people of Southern Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7837.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation addresses technological, social and economIC aspects of gold production and use in the Late Iron Age of southern Africa. The topic is approached in two ways. The first is to define the fabrication technology employed in producing gold artefacts. The second is to use trace element fingerprinting to try to determine which geological deposits were exploited by gold miners of this period. Three assemblages exist that allow these questions to be addressed; Mapungubwe (1 ath - 13th century AD), Great Zimbabwe (12th - 15th century AD) and Thulamela (l4th - 17th century AD). Previous descriptions of the fabrication technology of southern African gold exist, but this is the first, systematic study of all three assemblages. The fabrication technology reconstruction used three lines of analysis; visual inspection with the naked eye, microscopy of the surfaces, and microhardness testing and metallography of selected polished samples. Fifty eight specimens were studied from Mapungubwe, two hundred and sixty eight pieces from Great Zimbabwe and fifteen from Thulamela. Trade and socio-economic effects of southern Africa's Later Iron Age are discussed in the light of the now available trace element analysis and fabrication technology of the gold artefacts studied here. No tools for working gold have been found, and inferences have been made by modelling them on tools for copper and iron working. The basic toolkit consisted of a blade, hammer, chisel, a punch and an anvil. There were four basic artefact types; wire, beads, foil and tacks. There was no significant stylistic change in artefact types and the number of artefact types in the three assemblages. Cold working and annealing were standard practices in fabrication. Ten finished artefacts types have been identified; wrapped, rolled and punched beads, foil, strips cut from foil, tacks, straight and coiled wire, rod sections and links. Other gold artefacts were recovered but were either offeuts or in the process of being made into one of the ten types described above. These are prills, discs and offcuts. Trace element groups were based on grouping the samples by similarities in the signature profiles. Identification was on the basis of the presence and absence of metallic impurities. It was deduced that alluvial gold mining was practised alongside reef gold mining. Mixing of gold ores occurred. Alloying was not intentionally practised. Identification of the gold sources would require further analysis of unworked material from potential geological sources.
4
Whincop, Matthew R. "Pots, people, and politics : a reconsideration of the role of ceramics in reconstructions of the Iron Age Northern Levant." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2539/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to reconsider current reconstructions of the Iron Age Northern Levant and the role that ceramics studies have played in these interpretations. This study begins with an assessment of the use of the historical narrative in current interpretations. This historical interpretative framework has produced a broad perspective on Iron Age society, at the expense of localised behaviours. For this reason, the present study attempts to engage with Iron Age material culture, more specifically pottery, and consider its role within past societies beyond the broad socio-political histories depicted in texts. This study presents a regional ceramic typology for the Iron Age (including the Persian period) and undertakes an analysis of the distribution patterns of this typology across the Northern Levant. An alternative interpretation of the ceramic data is offered, before being compared with the current historical model. This alternative reconstruction focuses on theories of practice, and foodways, whilst appreciating the dynamic manner by which material culture is used to constantly negotiate and consolidate social structures. This thesis will determine the compatibility of archaeology and text, and make some final recommendations for their correlation.
5
West, Adam. "Hunting for humans in forest ecosystems : are the traces of Iron-age people detectable? : an investigation into the importance of Iron-age slash-an-burn agriculture in KwaZulu-Natal forests using compositional and demographic data and carbon isotope techniques." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23678.
Full textAbstract:
To what extent are humans responsible for the biological landscapes that we see today? We relate to recent phenomena such as urban environments and commercial farmlands as anthropogenically created landscapes, however historic anthropogenic influence may have been a lot more extensive than previously accepted (Gomez-Pompa & Kaus 1992, Bird 1995, Motzkin et a/1996). In southern Africa we are surrounded by landscapes influenced by humans to some degree (Hoffman 1997). It is now accepted that even wilderness landscapes previously labelled as "pristine" or "natural" are subject to constant change (Botkin 1990) and could well have been generated, or at least influenced, by humans in the past (Gomez-Pompa & Kaus 1992, Foster et a/1996, Bird & Cali 1998). This is certainly the case for many forest systems (Binford eta/ 1987, Balee 1989, Northrop & Horn 1996, Noble & Dirzo 1997, Ogden eta/ 1998, Lindbladh & Bradshaw 1998, Foster et a/1999). This thesis attempts to answer, for forest ecosystems, the question posed almost 20 years ago by Feely (1980): "Did Iron Age Man have a role in the history of Zululand's wilderness landscapes?" In doing so, I hoped to address the larger issue of "ecosystem virginity" and to what extent landscapes with a lengthy history of human habitation are dependant on human-ge·nerated disturbance.
6
Furlong, Pierce James. "Aspects of ancient Near Eastern chronology (c. 1600-700 BC)." Melbourne, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2096.
Full textAbstract:
The chronology of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Near East is currently a topic of intense scholarly debate. The conventional/orthodox chronology for this period has been assembled over the past one-two centuries using information from King-lists, royal annals and administrative documents, primarily those from the Great Kingdoms of Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia. This major enterprise has resulted in what can best be described as an extremely complex but little understood jigsaw puzzle composed of a multiplicity of loosely connected data. I argue in my thesis that this conventional chronology is fundamentally wrong, and that Egyptian New Kingdom (Memphite) dates should be lowered by 200 years to match historical actuality. This chronological adjustment is achieved in two stages: first, the removal of precisely 85 years of absolute Assyrian chronology from between the reigns of Shalmaneser II and Ashur-dan II; and second, the downward displacement of Egyptian Memphite dates relative to LBA Assyrian chronology by a further 115 years. Moreover, I rely upon Kuhnian epistemology to structure this alternate chronology so as to make it methodologically superior to the conventional chronology in terms of historical accuracy, precision, consistency and testability.
7
Yen, Ling-Dai, and 閻玲達. "Three case studies for mtDNA analysis of Iron Age people in central Taiwan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38356143381782756567.
Full textAbstract:
碩士慈濟大學
人類學研究所
94
This study is focused on Central area of Taiwan and based on three important Iron Age plains and coastal archaeological sites-Fan-Zai-Uan, Lu-Liao and Hui-Lai, dating between 2000 and 400 B.P. This period is so called “Iron Age”. Mitochondrial DNA extracted from human remains of these three sites will tell us the genetic relation between the Iron Age people and modern aboriginal populations of Taiwan. Combing other pertinent researches of this subject, we can delineate the possible migration route of Iron Age people. The results of ancient DNAs（aDNAs）indicate that Iron Age people in Central Taiwan have genetic affinities with some modern aboriginal populations. The haplogroups of aDNAs show that their maternal origin might be the mainland of Asia. Based on haplotyes shared with modern aboriginal populations, Fan-Zai-Yuan sample is closely related to Atayal ethnic group. Atayal came from mountain area of central Taiwan. The haplotype of Fan-Zai-Yuan sample possibly has a connection with Da-Ma-Lin archaeological site, which is located in the central mountain area and affected by cultures from plains. Lu-Liao sample is close to Bunun ethnic group. Lu-Liao site is where Papora used to live. A linguistic study suggests that Papora might come from the Zhuo-Shui river, which is a possible homeland of Luan community of Bunun. The Hui-Lai sample shares no haplotyes with any modern aboriginal populations. The haplogourp is also hardly found in modern Austronesian, possibly because lots of populations lived here and had a large gene pool. Recent genetic researches show that modern aboriginal populations are heterogenous because of geographic reasons. However, people who live in plains interacted frequently and belonged to the same culture system for a long time. Based on the results of aDNAs analysis, the Iron Age people arrived lowland central Taiwan as early as part of modern indigenous people who live in mountain area today. Moreover, people who live in plains were more likely to be affected by other cultures. Genetically speaking, their population structures tend to be more diverse.
8
Fatherley, Kerry. "Sociopolitical status of Leokwe people in the Shashe-Limpopo basin during the Middle Iron Age through faunal analysis." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7832.
Full textAbstract:
A faunal analysis was conducted in order to clarify the social-political status of Leokwe
people during the Middle Iron Age in the Shashe-Limpopo Valley. Both Calabrese and
Huffman have contributed to this topic; however, they have opposing views concerning
the status of Leokwe people. My main purpose is to establish whether Leokwe people
held a subordinate position to K2 people before K2 rose to power, as argued by Huffman
or whether their interactions were more complicated at the beginning of the K2 period,
as argued by Calabrese. The study will contribute to the understanding of status
relationships within the Leokwe culture and will further provide information on their
social dynamics and interactions. Faunal remains form the main research component and
the faunal analysis results have been achieved by studying these remains. Faunal
remains were used as both Calabrese and Huffman have a faunal component to their
arguments. Both patterns, if present, should be visible within the faunal remains at a
settlement. Three types of faunal analysis were used in order to identify these patterns:
(1) status elements of cattle, (2) small versus large stock through NISP and MNI, and (3)
fragmentation, through measurement and comparison of fragment lengths at multiple
archaeological sites. Statistical analysis was also conducted. The first method (status
elements) refers to the presence of both high and low status parts of a carcass. In terms
of the bones associated with the high/low status parts, status may be indicated by the
presence or absence of specific bones. High status elements refer specifically to the limb
bones (the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, fibula and tibia). Low status elements, those
meant to be associated with the herdsmen are the lower leg/foot bones such as the
carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals and the phalanges. In total the faunal remains
from ten sites were analysed. A large sample of K2 faunal remains formed the baseline
to which the rest of the sites were compared. Two of the sites were especially important,
Leokwe Hill and Castle Rock, as Huffman’s interpretation differs from Calabrese’s for
both of these sites. Ultimately, four Bov III faunal distribution patterns were identified
during analysis, an Above-Average/ High Status Pattern, a Below-Average/ Herdsmen
Pattern, an Average Pattern and a Borderline Pattern. The High Status Pattern is
identified by an over abundance of certain status elements, specifically the fore and
hind-quarters, while the Herdsmen Pattern is characterised by an over abundance of
lower leg/ foot bones. Statistical analysis proved all four faunal distribution patterns to
be significant. However, as a result of the statistical analysis, the Borderline Pattern
became the pattern most often identified within the samples. The Herdsmen Pattern was
only identified at four sites. Due to the nature and location of the settlements that had the
Herdsmen Pattern, it may be stated that this pattern is linked with low status people and
not necessarily Leokwe people specifically
9
Atwood, Kirsten Marie. "Eating inequality : food, animals and people at Bosutswe." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/24969.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses the use of wild and domestic animals at the Iron Age site of Bosutswe, Botswana. I argue that that the Western (commoner) inhabitants consumed more wild game than Central (elite) inhabitants. The overall roll that wild animals played in the diet decreased radically over time, perhaps due to environmental degradation, a change in hunting practices, or due to a combination of both factors. The importance of domestic animals increased over time. Both commoners and elites had access to cattle and small stock, but elites consumed a greater amount of these species. During the Early and Middle Lose, Bosutswe elites were able to preferentially consume young and aged domestic animals rather than consuming mainly adult animals. This may have been a form of conspicuous consumption. Despite the differences in what was eaten, how meat was cooked appears to be similar amongst both commoners and elites. Meat appears to have largely been boiled, as much meat is in Botswana today. The elite inhabitants of Bosutswe retained much of the favored cuts of meat- upper limbs- for themselves. Less-favored cuts of meat, especially lower limbs and craniums, were distributed to the commoners of Bosutswe. This redistribution of resources may have provided the commoners of Bosutswe with tangible material benefits, but also served to emphasize their non-elite status and reinforce the social hierarchy. Likewise, herding cattle may have provided commoners with access to their labor and milk, but also served to codify and increase social hierarchy by enabling elites to maintain large cattle herds.text
10
Dockrill, Stephen J., Catherine M. Batt, and Zoe Outram. "Time and Place: A new chronology for the origin of the broch based on the scientific dating programme at the Old Scatness Broch, Shetland." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2774.
Full textAbstract:
NoIron Age studies in northern Britain have been dominated by one monument form, the broch. This focus on these monumental towers of the Atlantic Scotland, perhaps at the expense of other archaeological evidence, has brought about a strong division in the archaeological community. MacKie and Armit have both recently summarized the development of broch studies detailing the opposing arguments for the date of construction. In recent years archaeological evidence for these monuments has indicated an indigenous development rather than being associated with the movement of Iron Age peoples. This paper presents new chronological data for the construction of a Shetland broch and examines the archaeological repercussions for the 'early' chronology provided by these dates. Excavations at Old Scatness in the South Mainland of Shetland have revealed new evidence for a broch and defended Iron Age Village.
Books on the topic "Iron Age people"
1
The bog people: Iron-Age man preserved. New York: New York Review Books, 2004.
Find full text
2
Horton, Mark (Mark Chatwin). The Swahili corridor and the southern African iron age. [Nairobi]: Dept. of History, University of Nairobi, 1987.
Find full text
3
Great Zimbabwe: The Iron Age in South Central Africa. New York: Garland, 1994.
Find full text
4
Taylor, Loren O. Post middle age power: An older beginner's guide to pumping iron. Albuquerque, N.M: D. Nakii Enterprises, 1986.
Find full text
5
Roman Reflections: Iron Age to Viking Age in Northern Europe. London: Bloomsbury, 2015.
Find full text
6
Man on the Kafue: The archaeology and history of the Itezhitezhi area of Zambia. New York: L. Barber Press, 1985.
Find full text
7
The culture of the English people: Iron Age to the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge: C.U.P., 1994.
Find full text
8
The culture of the English people: Iron Age to the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Find full text
9
Kyule, David M. Reconstruction of the subsistence economic patterns of the Iron Age Sirikwa, Hyrax Hill, Kenya: A research proposal. [Nairobi]: University of Nairobi, Dept. of History, 1990.
Find full text
10
Österreich, Arbeitsmarktservice, ed. Scrap iron and old stagers: Constructions of old age in unemployment. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Iron Age people"
1
Frumin, Suembikya I., Yoel Melamed, and Ehud Weiss. "The Wheat-People of Canaan." In The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Southern Canaan, edited by Aren M. Maeir, Itzhaq Shai, and Chris McKinny, 19–36. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110628371-002.
Full text
2
Tonelli, Gabriele, Michela Faccoli, Roberto Gotti, and Giovanna Cornacchia. "Archaeometallurgical Investigation on Historical Sword-Making Techniques in Northern Italy Between the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." In Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia, 183–99. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2037-0_6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe history of Brescia (Latin Brixia), a city in northern Italy, is characterized by a long manufacturing tradition, in particular the crafting of steel weapons and armor. This was made possible thanks to the availability of iron ore, the great forests from which to obtain charcoal, the numerous streams used as the driving force for power hammers and forges, but most importantly the ingenuity and industry of the people. Beginning in the pre-Roman age, the skills of the masters and craftsmen steadily progressed over the centuries, until Brescia and its vicinity became one of the most important arms production centers in Europe between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. This paper presents an overview of the weapon manufacturing region of northern Italy, in particular Brescia. Moreover, a metallurgical study performed on an early seventeenth century north Italian “storta” sword has shed light on historical sword-smithing technologies and enabled us to discover the secrets behind the high-quality Italian weapons.
3
Matthews, Roger, and Hassan Fazeli Nashli. "People on the move: prehistoric networks of Bronze Age Iran, 3400–1100 BC." In The Archaeology of Iran from the Palaeolithic to the Achaemenid Empire, 236–85. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003224129-8.
Full text
4
Fossum, John Erik. "The Context of Fake News, Disinformation, and Manipulation." In Europe in the Age of Post-Truth Politics, 31–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13694-8_3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to discuss how, and the extent to which, we may consider fake news, disinformation, and manipulation as bellwethers for the health of democracy. The chapter argues that there are two quite different readings of the democratic implications of the fake news, disinformation, and manipulation challenge: on the one hand, as the rise of a certain type of political actor that claims that established politicians and their conduct of politics have lost touch with ordinary people and their concerns, and in addition, actively seeks to undermine confidence in science and scientists. Thus, the factual and evidence-based foundation of democratic politics is challenged by the rise of a particular species of populist politician and populist parties marked by a distinct style, and relatively unencumbered by conventional party politics. If these phenomena can be identified with and confined to a specific set of actors, parties, and their supporters, then the political challenge is how best to contain or isolate them. The other reading approaches the democratic challenge from a more structural angle and searches for the roots of anti-political sentiment and the trust gap in the circumstances surrounding policymaking and politics. The two readings suggest different causal dynamics in terms of how fake news, disinformation, and manipulation affect democracy. If structural changes are important sources of fake news, disinformation, and manipulation, then the rise of populism is hardly the only source of fake news and disinformation. If so, the irony in focusing on the most blatant manifestations of fake news as espoused by populist politicians is that it may detract attention from those factors that helped create such traits in the first place.
5
Tubb, Jonathan N. "The Role of the Sea Peoples in the Bronze Industry of Palestine/Transjordan in the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age Transition." In Bronzeworking Centres of Western Asia c. 1000 - 539 B.C., 251–70. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315788456-17.
Full text
6
"The Late Bronze-Iron Age Transition." In Early History of the Israelite People, 215–300. BRILL, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004494220_011.
Full text
7
"The Movement of People." In The Archaeology of the Mediterranean Iron Age, 66–94. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9780511979316.004.
Full text
8
"Geography and People." In Temples and Sanctuaries from the Early Iron Age Levant, 19–57. Penn State University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv1bxgwrr.6.
Full text
9
"Trade, Ideology, and Boundary Maintenance in Iron Age Israelite Society." In A Holy People, 17–35. BRILL, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047409236_003.
Full text
10
"Wine Making in Iron Age Israel." In The Metaphor of the Divine as Planter of the People, 81–111. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004341708_006.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Iron Age people"
1
Abedzadeh, Ali, Abdolhadi Daneshpour, and Maryam Ostadi. "Explaining the Relationship between Changes in Iranian Lifestyle and Metamorphosis of Urban Form of Residential Environment in Contemporary Iran Case Study: Mashhad, Iran." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5705.
Full textAbstract:
Humanity settlement are formed as a result of decisions and actions of different people and become as a form of an identity of integrity. So urban form is influenced by desires, values, beliefs, and human activities, so the study of urban form is the study of its constituent human values and expression of physical aspects of their lifestyles. Before contemporary periods, urban form in Iran, continuity based on former patterns of changes, which was gradual, but after the beginning of the influence of west, one of the most important challenges of urban form in Iran is in the form of short-term changes. Changes occur in a cycle of destruction and construction. This paper use the way of content analysis investigate to texts, document to study form and typo-morphology of residential environment in the city of Mashhad. In the periods of one hundred years shows there is a direct and significant relationship between changes of Iranian lifestyle and metamorphosis of urban form, so that by sequential developments of Iranian lifestyle in a short time, the urban form is responded and metamorphosed and again is created in a new form.
2
Самашев, З. "SHIMAILY – A NEW LOCATION OF PETROGLYPHS IN EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN." In Труды Сибирской Ассоциации исследователей первобытного искусства. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-202-01433-8.301-315.
Full textAbstract:
В статье приводятся сведения о петроглифах урочища Шимайлы на территории Тарбагатайского района Восточно-Казахстанской области Республики Казахстан. Наскальное искусство этого памятника охватывает время от эпохи бронзы до раннего средневековья. Основные мотивы изображений бронзового века антропоморфная фигура, зооморфные изображения, колесница, знаки-символы и предметы вооружения. Основу звериного образа наскальных изображений Шимайлы бронзового века составляет триада рогатых животных: бык, горный козел/архар, олень. В репертуар петроглифов эпохи бронзы входят также и другие травоядные животные, хищные звери и птицы. Последние представлены изображениями дрофы, которые чаще всего включены в состав многофигурных композиций. Хищники представлены фигурами волков, которые преследуют или терзают парнокопытных. К переходному периоду от эпохи бронзы к раннему железному веку в Шимайлы относятся образы птицеголовых или клювастых оленей, идентичные фигурам на так называемых оленных камнях. К раннесакскому и развитому сакскому периодам относятся изображения оленей поджарых, в летящей позе и/или стоящих на кончиках копыт, с большими глазами, ветвистыми откинутыми назад рогами. Зафиксированы тамги средневековых народов. The article includes new information on the petroglyphs of the Shimaily (Tarbagatai district of the East Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan). The imagery of this rock art site is related to the period from the Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages. The main images of the Bronze Age are an anthropomorphic figure, numerous zoomorphic images, a chariot, depictions of weapons, signs and symbols. Animal images are basically represented by the figures of bulls, mountain goats and deer. Other herbivores are also depicted as well as predators and birds. The latter are represented by images of bustards, which are most often included in the multi-figure compositions. Predators are mostly wolves that shown in the scenes of pursuing or tormenting the artiodactyls. Another series of images in Shimaily refers to the transitional period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. These are birdheaded or beaked deer, identical to the figures depicted on the so-called deer stones. The Early Saka and developed Saka periods include a series of typical deer figures: theiy are lean, flying and/or standing on the tips of the hoofs, with large eyes, with branchy antlers thrown back. The tamga-signs of the medieval peoples are also recorded in Shimaily.
3
Pakseresht, Sahar, and Manel Guardia Bassols. "From the so-called Islamic City to the Contemporary Urban Morphology: the Historic Core of Kermanshah City in Iran as a Case Study." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5210.
Full textAbstract:
Sahar Pakseresht¹, Manel Guàrdia Bassols¹ ¹ Department of Theory and History of Architecture. Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC). Av. Diagonal, 64908028 Barcelona, Tel:93-4017874
E-mail: sahar.pakseresht@estudiant.upc.edu, manel.guardia@upc.edu Keywords: Iranian city, Kermanshah, urban morphology, Islamic city, urban transformation, Modernisation Conference topics and scale: City transformations, urban form and social use of space Pre-1920 cities in Iran are characterized by a number of features considered to be typical of the so-called “Islamic city”. A set of features are shared by traditional cities where dominated by Islam religion. The notion of “Islamic city”, often criticised for its Eurocentric nature, has guided most studies of these traditional cities. The modernisation process in so-called Islamic cities is crucial due to its serious impacts on the traditional morphology and transformation of their urban structure. We, thus, need more holistic and integrated understanding about changes of these cities derives from the modernisation process. In order to explore the broad and wide-spread changes due to modernisation process in the traditional cities in Muslim world, it is more enlightening if we study second order cities, rather than studying the transformations of major capitals such as Cairo, Istanbul or Teheran, where interventions are goal to approach a more exceptional and rhetorical characters. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the historic core of Kermanshah city, to understand the link between urban transformations and social due to modernisation process by tracing it historically. We will focus, particularly, on studying the stages of urban transformation and changes of urban morphology as well as conflict and differences between traditional urban features with the modern ones. For example, we are interested in understanding how traditional morphology and structure of residential and commercial zone are affected by the opening of new and wide boulevards in course of modernisation process, and how these changes influence everyday people life. References Kheirabadi, M. (2000). Iranian cities: formation and development. Syracuse University Press. Clarke, J. I., & Clark, B. D. (1969). Kermanshah: an Iranian provincial city (No. 10). University of Durham, Department of Geography. Bonine, M. E. (1979). THE MORPHOGENESIS OF IRANIAN CITIES∗. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 69(2), 208-224. Stefano Bianca. (2000). Urban form in the Arab world: Past and present (Vol. 46). vdf Hochschulverlag AG. Habibi, M. (1996). Az shar ta Shahr (de la Cite a la Ville). Analytical review of the city concept and its physical image in the course of time), Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian)
4
Rogova, Kira A. "LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE WHOLE TEXT IN THE GENRE OF NOTES." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.21.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the interpretive analysis of the whole text in the genre of notes of the St Petersburg writer M. N. Kuraev “Lenfilm” was!.. (2019). The work fits into a literary series dedicated to the bygone era, evoking opposite assessments, which find expression in irony in relation to the governing beginning of the organization of life and respect for the creative activities of people, in this case in the field of cinema. The author of the article attempted, on the basis of a consideration of the information structure of the text, to identify the principles of its organization: division into parts, the order of their following, the intentional settings that determine the selection and organization of language means. The reference to the composition of the text, which is fundamental for the analysis, made it possible to note the features of an organization that is different from the currently actively studied narrative: the connection of the compositional parts in it is determined not by temporary, as in the narrative, but by logical relations; to some initial thesis — a milestone in the presentation of content. Such an organization, which goes back to the functional-semantic type of speech — reasoning, does not exclude the inclusion of a “horizontal” line of development of the semantic content of the text, a kind of leitmotif in the information structure of the text. The variety of compositional components manifested itself in their intonational differences associated with the emotional state of the author at the moment of description, which is typical for ego narration, marked by a variety of intonation patterns of the text as a whole. Semantic analysis revealed a somewhat overestimated orientation of the author towards a common cognitive fund with the reader, which is noticeably shrinking over time. At the same time, an assumption is made about the interest that the text can arouse among readers of different ages. Refs 14.
Reports on the topic "Iron Age people"
1
Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
Full textAbstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
2
Khan, Mahreen. The Environmental Impacts of War and Conflict. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.060.
Full textAbstract:
In modern warfare, the first widely acknowledged scientific study and documented case of environmental damage during conflict was the (direct and deliberate) use of Agent Orange and other toxic chemicals by US forces, from 1961-1971, during the Vietnam War in a policy known as herbicide. The Vietnam War has been relatively well documented for the sheer horror and magnitude of the devastation to natural habitats and because it was the first war where television and global media brought vivid images and accounts into people’s homes, making the war a matter of political and public conscience This helped stir academic and scientific interest and facilitated evidence collection and documentation of environmental damages. This helpdesk report is a rapid literature review on the main environmental impacts of war and conflict, drawing primarily on academic, and peer reviewed literature and only some policy and practitioner sources, as per the request. Where current situations are discussed, such as the ongoing Ukraine war, a few blogs are referred to. Within the literature focused on the environmental impacts of conflict, common case studies include: the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) bombing of Kosovo (1999), and the conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine (2014). Interestingly there is comparatively less literature on the conflicts in Afghanistan (2001-2021), the Iraq-Iran War (1980-1988), the Gulf Wars (1991 and 2003), the Yemeni civil war (2014 – present) and the ongoing war in Syria (since 2011) despite their relatively greater severity, intensity and duration.