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Journal articles on the topic 'Irish schoolboy rugby union'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Leahy, Therese M., Ian C. Kenny, Mark J. Campbell, Giles D. Warrington, Roisin Cahalan, Andrew J. Harrison, Mark Lyons, et al. "Upper Limb Injuries In Irish Schoolboy Rugby Union." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 53, no. 8S (August 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000761436.82655.01.

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Hartwig, Timothy B., Geraldine Naughton, and John Searl. "Defining the Volume and Intensity of Sport Participation in Adolescent Rugby Union Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.1.94.

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Purpose:Investigating adolescent training loads might help us understand optimal training adaptations. GPS tracking devices and training diaries were used to quantify weekly sport and other physical activity demands placed on adolescent rugby union players and profile typical rugby training sessions.Methods:Participants were 75 males age 14 to 18 y who were recruited from rugby teams representing 3 levels of participation: schoolboy, national representative, and a selective sports school talent squad.Results:Schoolboy players covered a distance of (mean ± SD) 3511 ± 836 m, representative-squad players 3576 ± 956 m, and talent-squad players 2208 ± 637 m per rugby training session. The representative squad recorded the highest weekly duration of sport and physical activity (515 ± 222 min/wk), followed by the talent squad (421 ± 211 min/week) and schoolboy group (370 ± 135 min/wk). Profiles of individual players identified as group outliers showed participation in up to 3 games and up to 11 training sessions per week, with twice the weekly load of the team averages.Conclusion:Optimal participation and performance of adolescent rugby union players might be compromised by many high-load, high-impact training sessions and games and commitments to other sports and physical activities. An improved understanding of monitoring and quantifying load in adolescent athletes is needed to facilitate best-practice advice for player management and training prescription.

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Leahy, Therese M., Ian C. Kenny, Mark J. Campbell, Giles D. Warrington, Roisin Cahalan, Andrew J. Harrison, Mark Lyons, et al. "Epidemiology of Shoulder Injuries in Schoolboy Rugby Union in Ireland." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 232596712110234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211023431.

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Background: The shoulder has been reported as a frequent location of injury in adult professional and amateur rugby, with match injury incidence rates ranging from 1.8 to 3 per 1000 player-hours (h). An increased understanding of the incidence and mechanism of shoulder injuries in school rugby players is vital to establish effective injury preventive strategies and advise on appropriate rehabilitation. Purpose: To describe the incidence, nature, and severity of shoulder injuries in schoolboy rugby in Ireland. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury surveillance was carried out for Senior Cup teams across two seasons (N = 665 players aged 17-19 years) in Ireland from 2018 to 2020. Match and training injury data were recorded using an online system by trained nominated injury recorders. Match exposure was also recorded. Results: Shoulder match injury incidence was 12.2 per 1000 h (95% CI, 9.1-16.2), with a mean severity of 47 days’ time loss and an overall burden of 573 days per 1000 h. In total, 47 match and 5 training shoulder injuries were recorded. The most common injuries were shoulder dislocations/subluxations (34%), followed by acromioclavicular joint sprains (30%). Shoulder dislocations/subluxations represented the most burdensome injury (280 days per 1000 h). The tackle accounted for the majority (81%) of shoulder injuries. Forwards sustained a significantly higher incidence of shoulder injuries (8.3/1000 h) in comparison with backs (3.9/1000 h), with a rate ratio of 2.13 (95% CI, 1.15-3.94; P = .015). Conclusion: We found a notably higher injury incidence rate in schoolboy rugby as compared with the adult amateur and professional game. Shoulder injuries were responsible for more days lost than any other injury, and shoulder dislocations were the most severe. This is of particular concern so early in a player’s career and warrants further investigation into potential risk factors and mechanisms associated with shoulder injuries in school-age players.

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Barden, Craig, Keith A. Stokes, and Carly D. McKay. "Implementation of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme in English schoolboy rugby union." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 2 (May 2021): e001018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-001018.

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ObjectivesThe implementation of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme has not been assessed in an applied context. This study aimed to (1) describe the knowledge and perceptions of school rugby coaches and players towards injury risk, prevention and Activate and (2) evaluate Activate implementation in schoolboy rugby using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance framework.MethodsBespoke electronic surveys were administered to coaches (including support staff) and players at participating English schools (2018–2020). Most questions and statements were answered using a 7-point Likert scale. At baseline, participants detailed their Activate awareness and perceptions of injury risk and prevention in schoolboy rugby. At postseason, participants reported Activate use throughout the study and their perceptions towards the programme.ResultsAt baseline, significant differences existed between coaches (n=106) and players (n=571) in Activate awareness (75% and 13% respectively; χ2=173.5, p<0.001). Coaches perceived rugby had a significantly greater injury risk than players, while holding more positive perceptions towards injury prevention. At postseason, coaches reported greater Activate adoption compared with players (76% and 18% respectively; χ2=41.8, p<0.001); 45% of players were unaware if they used the programme. Median session adherence was twice weekly, with a median duration of 10–15 min. This suggests Activate was not implemented as intended, with recommendations of three 20 min sessions per week. Both groups identified common barriers to implementation, such as lack of time and inclusion of a ball.ConclusionCoaches are instrumental in the decision to implement Activate. Targeting behavioural change in these individuals is likely to have the greatest impact on intervention uptake.

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Read, Dale B., Ben Jones, Padraic J. Phibbs, Gregory A. B. Roe, Joshua Darrall-Jones, Jonathon J. S. Weakley, and Kevin Till. "The physical characteristics of match-play in English schoolboy and academy rugby union." Journal of Sports Sciences 36, no. 6 (May 17, 2017): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1329546.

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6

Barden, Craig, and Keith Stokes. "Epidemiology of Injury in Elite English Schoolboy Rugby Union: A 3-Year Study Comparing Different Competitions." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-311-16.

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Context: Injury risks in professional and community rugby union have been extensively described; however, less is known about injury epidemiology at the schoolboy level. Objective: To investigate the injury risk in English schoolboy rugby union matches, comparing an elite competition (Achieving Academic and Sporting Excellence [AASE]) with subelite matches (non-AASE). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Rugby union academy, consisting of 16- to 19-year-old males, based at an elite sports college in England. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 132 participants (mean age = 17.5 years) were included in the study; 64 athletes experienced a total of 103 time-loss injuries over a 3-season period (2012–2015). All injuries were assessed and recorded by the team therapist using consensus statement definitions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury characteristics were recorded and compared between groups. Primary outcome measures were injury incidence (per 1000 h match exposure) and injury burden (days absent/1000 h), and rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals are presented throughout. Results: A total of 131 matches were played (34 AASE, 97 non-AASE) and a total of 103 injuries were recorded (47 AASE, 56 non-AASE). The injury incidence in AASE matches (77/1000 h) was greater than in non-AASE matches (34/1000 h). The concussion incidence in AASE matches (20/1000 h) was 5 times that of non-AASE matches (4/1000 h). The head/face had the highest injury incidence for a specific location, followed by the shoulder region (AASE = 19/1000 h, non-AASE = 5/1000 h), which had the greatest injury burden (553/1000 h and 105/1000 h, respectively) for any specific body location. More than 50% of all injuries were associated with tackles. Conclusions: A much greater incidence of all injuries occurred at the highest level of competition, and the concussion incidence was greater than that reported in any previously published study of youth rugby. Given the high incidence and burden of concussions and shoulder injuries, prevention and management deserve specific focus.

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Barden, Craig, Matthew V. Hancock, Keith A. Stokes, Simon P. Roberts, and Carly D. McKay. "Effectiveness of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme to prevent injury in schoolboy rugby union." British Journal of Sports Medicine 56, no. 14 (April 6, 2022): 812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-105170.

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ObjectiveThe efficacious Activate injury prevention exercise programme has been shown to prevent injuries in English schoolboy rugby union. There is now a need to assess the implementation and effectiveness of Activate in the applie setting.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study used a 24-hour time-loss injury definition to calculate incidence (/1000 hours) and burden (days lost/1000 hours) for individuals whose teams adopted Activate (used Activate during season) versus non-adopters. The dose-response relationship of varying levels of Activate adherence (median Activate sessions per week) was also assessed. Player-level rugby exposure, sessional Activate adoption and injury reports were recorded by school gatekeepers. Rate ratios (RR), adjusted by cluster (team), were calculated using backwards stepwise Poisson regression to compare rates between adoption and adherence groups.ResultsIndividuals in teams adopting Activate had a 23% lower match injury incidence (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.07), 59% lower training injury incidence (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.97) and 26% lower match injury burden (95% CI 0.46 to 1.20) than individuals on non-adopting teams. Individuals with high Activate adherence (≥3 sessions per week) had a 67% lower training injury incidence (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.91) and a 32% lower match injury incidence (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.92) than individuals with low adherence (<1 session per week). While 65% of teams adopted Activate during the season, only one team used Activate three times per week, using whole phases and programme progressions.ConclusionActivate is effective at preventing injury in English schoolboy rugby. Attention should focus on factors influencing programme uptake and implementation, ensuring Activate can have maximal benefit.

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Finch, C. F. "What do under 15 year old schoolboy rugby union players think about protective headgear?" British Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.2.89.

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Wood, Daniel J., Garrett F. Coughlan, and Eamonn Delahunt. "Fitness Profiles of Elite Adolescent Irish Rugby Union Players." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 32, no. 1 (January 2018): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001694.

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10

Maguire, Joseph, and Jason Tuck. "National Identity, Rugby Union and Notions of Ireland and the ‘Irish’." Irish Journal of Sociology 14, no. 1 (May 2005): 86–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160350501400106.

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This paper seeks to examine issues of identity and national habitus from an Eliasian perspective. In doing so, it casts critically light on the making of Irish identity in the post-Second World War period. Specific reference is given to one case study, namely the sport of rugby union. This sport does appear to have been significantly connected to the national habitus of Ireland during the post-war period (especially since the 1960s) and creates a highly visible, ‘glocal’, arena for the testing of ‘Irish’ and ‘British/English’ identity. This case study highlights how contested notions of Irish identity are, and how, in this post-war period, a less deferential and more assertive Irish habitus was and is evident relative to their former colonial masters, the English. In that sense, instead of exhibiting a sense of group disgrace, the Irish now claim a widening field of identification and a more confident group charisma.

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Hollis, Stephanie J., Mark R. Stevenson, Andrew S. McIntosh, E. Arthur Shores, and Caroline F. Finch. "Compliance with return-to-play regulations following concussion in Australian schoolboy and community rugby union players." British Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 10 (June 24, 2011): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2011.085332.

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Fraas, Michael R., Garrett F. Coughlan, Emily C. Hart, and Conor McCarthy. "Concussion history and reporting rates in elite Irish rugby union players." Physical Therapy in Sport 15, no. 3 (August 2014): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.08.002.

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13

Barden, Craig, Keith A. Stokes, and Carly D. McKay. "Utilising a Behaviour Change Model to Improve Implementation of the Activate Injury Prevention Exercise Programme in Schoolboy Rugby Union." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115681.

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The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a behaviour change model showing promise in positively changing youth sport coaches’ injury prevention behaviours. This study incorporated the HAPA model into coach training workshops for Activate, an efficacious rugby injury prevention programme. Primary aims were to investigate the effect of the workshop on schoolboy rugby union coaches’ (1) perceptions towards injury risk and prevention, (2) Activate adoption and adherence. Secondary aims were to (3) assess the differences in post-season HAPA constructs between workshop attendees and non-attendees, (4) explore associations between HAPA constructs and Activate adherence. In the pre-season, all participants (n = 76) completed a baseline survey, with 41 coaches electing to attend a workshop. Participants completed a post-season survey assessing HAPA constructs and Activate adoption and adherence throughout the season. The workshop did not affect coach perceptions of injury risk and prevention. Attendees had significantly greater rates of Activate adoption (95% vs. 54% χ2 = 17.42, p < 0.01) and adherence (median = 2 sessions vs. ≤1 session per week; z = 3.45, p = 0.03) than non-attendees. At post-season, attendees had significantly greater task self-efficacy (z = −3.46, p < 0.05) and intention (z = −4.33, p < 0.05) to use Activate. These results support the delivery of coach workshops that utilise a behaviour change model to maximise programme implementation.

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Phibbs, Padraic J., Ben Jones, Dale B. Read, Gregory A. B. Roe, Joshua Darrall-Jones, Jonathon J. S. Weakley, Andrew Rock, and Kevin Till. "The appropriateness of training exposures for match-play preparation in adolescent schoolboy and academy rugby union players." Journal of Sports Sciences 36, no. 6 (May 31, 2017): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1332421.

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15

Delahunty, Sinéad E., Eamonn Delahunt, Brian Condon, David Toomey, and Catherine Blake. "Prevalence of and Attitudes About Concussion in Irish Schools' Rugby Union Players." Journal of School Health 85, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josh.12219.

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Yeomans, Caithriona, Thomas M. Comyns, Roisin Cahalan, Giles D. Warrington, Andrew J. Harrison, Kevin Hayes, Mark Lyons, Mark J. Campbell, and Ian C. Kenny. "Current injury monitoring and player education practices in Irish amateur rugby union." Physical Therapy in Sport 33 (September 2018): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.06.008.

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17

Fraas, Michael, Garrett Coughlan, Conor Gissane, Conor McCarthy, and Emily Hart. "Poster 48 Incidence, Knowledge, and Management of Concussion in Irish Rugby Union." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 93, no. 10 (October 2012): e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.08.083.

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Delahunt, Eamonn, Risteard B. Byrne, Rachel K. Doolin, Rory G. McInerney, Ciaran T. J. Ruddock, and Brian S. Green. "Anthropometric Profile and Body Composition of Irish Adolescent Rugby Union Players Aged 16–18." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27, no. 12 (December 2013): 3252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182915ea6.

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Coughlan, G. F., B. M. Fullen, and C. McCarthy. "A national survey of clubs medical personnel, facilities and protocols in Irish Rugby Union." Irish Journal of Medical Science 183, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11845-013-0968-0.

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Arvinen-Barrow, Monna, Diarmuid Hurley, and Montse C. Ruiz. "Transitioning Out of Professional Sport: The Psychosocial Impact of Career-Ending Injuries Among Elite Irish Rugby Football Union Players." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 11, no. 1 (March 2017): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0012.

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This study documented the lived career-ending injury experiences among elite Irish rugby football union (IRFU) players. Three players took part in semistructured one-on-one interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, 1996) revealed that the process of psychosocial injury rehabilitation and the subsequent transition process was for the most part a distressing one and evolved in a cyclical, yet stage-like (Heil, 1994), manner. The nature of the postinjury career transition appeared to be dependent on the interactional balance of participants’ psychosocial responses to injury, existing coping mechanisms, and other factors related to the injury and career transition process. Appropriate social support network, use of sport medicine and counseling professionals, as well as organizational officials are needed to best prepare elite rugby players for life outside of sport, and to ensure a healthy career transition (Taylor & Ogilvie, 1994) out of sport.

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Yeomans, Caithriona A., Thomas M. Comyns, Roisin Cahalan, Giles D. Warrington, Andrew J. Harrison, Kevin Hayes, Mark Lyons, Mark J. Campbell, and Ian C. Kenny. "Injury Monitoring and Player Education, a Survey of Current Practices in Irish Amateur Rugby Union." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S (May 2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000535640.42795.44.

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O’Regan, Niall, and Seamus Kelly. "Coaching and Coach Education in the Football Association of Ireland." International Sport Coaching Journal 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2018-0017.

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The island of Ireland is quite unique in its dynamic due, in part, to the geographical and political separation between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Historically, the Island of Ireland had one governing body for association football. Currently, the Irish Football Association (IFA) governs Northern Ireland while the Football Association of Ireland (FAI) governs the Republic of Ireland in the south. Interestingly, not all sports (e.g., Irish Rugby Football Union) on the Island of Ireland have separate Governing Bodies. This paper provides a brief historical overview of this separation between the FAI and IFA. Following this, we explore the history of coach education in the FAI and an overview of the FAI Player Development Plan. Then, we explore how coach education was, and is currently, structured with particular focus on recent improvements in terms of how coach education courses are delivered and assessed. The final section provides a brief overview of the future of coach education within the FAI.

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Anderson, David, John Cathcart, Daniel Kerr, Isabel Moore, Mike Hislop, and Iseult Wilson. "An investigation of coaches’ awareness of injury in elite adolescent rugby union in Northern Irish schools - A qualitative study." Physical Therapy in Sport 57 (September 2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.06.004.

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Kearns, Jamie, Aisling M. Ross, Darragh R. Walsh, Rachel M. Cahalane, Rita Hinchion, Maria C. Ryan, Elaine Conway, et al. "A blood biomarker and clinical correlation cohort study protocol to diagnose sports-related concussion and monitor recovery in elite rugby." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (November 2020): e000948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000948.

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IntroductionIn professional rugby, sports-related concussion (SRC) remains the most frequent time loss injury. Therefore, accurately diagnosing SRC and monitoring player recovery, through a multi-modal assessment process, is critical to SRC management. In this protocol study, we aim to assess SRC over multiple time points post-injury to determine the value of multi-modal assessments to monitor player recovery. This is of significance to minimise premature return-to-play and, ultimately, to reduce the long-term effects associated with SRC. The study will also establish the logistics of implementing such a study in a professional setting to monitor a player’s SRC recovery.Methods and analysisAll players from the participating professional rugby club within the Irish Rugby Football Union are invited to participate in the current study. Player assessment includes head injury assessment (HIA), neuropsychometric assessment (ImPACT), targeted biomarker analysis and untargeted biomarker analysis. Baseline HIA, ImPACT, and blood draws are performed prior to the start of playing season. During the baseline tests, player’s complete consent forms and an SRC history questionnaire. Subsequently, any participant that enters the HIA process over the playing season due to a suspected SRC will be clinically assessed (HIA and ImPACT) and their blood will be drawn within 3 days of injury, 6 days post-injury, and 13 days post-injury.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was attained from the Science and Engineering Research Ethics Committee, University of Limerick (Approval Code: 2018_06_11_S&E). On completion of the study, further manuscripts will be published to present the results of the tests and their ability to measure player recovery from SRC.Trial registration numberNCT04485494.

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Free, Marcus. "‘From there to here’: narratives of transition, migration and national identity in Irish media representations of rugby union in the professional era." European Journal for Sport and Society 14, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2017.1349285.

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O'Dowd-Hill, Diarmuid, Declan Browne, and Claire Lodge. "Reliability of The Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Peak Force in Irish Schoolboy Rugby Players." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 1 (September 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a9433.

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Maximal strength is a key variable within youth rugby union and is therefore of merit when testing and monitoring youth rugby athletes (Darrall-Jones et al., 2015). The isometric mid-thigh pull peak force (IMTP PF) has been observed to be a reliable, valid, and safe means of assessing maximal strength in all previously researched cohorts (Brady et al., 2020, Drake et al., 2017). Although currently, there exists a distinct lack of literature with regards to the use of IMTP PF with non-elite youth athletes. The current study utilised self-selected body position with 84 non-elite schoolboy rugby union athletes (age, 14.7yr ±1.7yr; maturity offset, 0.9yr ±1.6yr; height, 170.6cm ±10.3cm; mass, 63.9kg ±14.8kg) The current study observed the IMTP PF to be a reliable measure of peak force both inter- and intra-day (Intra-day; CV% 3.3%; ICC 0.992; 95% CI 0.989 – 0.995; Inter-day; CV% = 5.1%; ICC 0.992; 95% CI 0.98 – 0.998). The IMTP PF is a safe and reliable measure of maximal strength in non-elite youth rugby athletes.

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"Patterns of injury in schoolboy rugby union football." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 6, no. 4 (December 2003): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(03)80120-2.

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Du Toit, David E., Danie JL Venter, Frederick J. Buys, and Pierre E. Olivier. "Kinetics of Rugby Union scrumming in under 19 schoolboy rugby forwards." South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation 26, no. 2 (November 12, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajrs.v26i2.25894.

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"Anthropometry and team cohorts in schoolboy rugby union football." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 6, no. 4 (December 2003): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(03)80144-5.

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Barden, Craig, Ross Watkins, Keith A. Stokes, and Carly D. McKay. "Barriers and facilitators to implementing the Activate injury prevention exercise programme – A qualitative study of schoolboy rugby coaches." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, September 4, 2022, 174795412211150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17479541221115021.

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The rugby-specific Activate injury prevention exercise programme was deemed efficacious in a randomised controlled trial and subsequently disseminated nationwide by the Rugby Football Union (English rugby union governing body) in 2017. However, no assessment has been made of the factors influencing Activate implementation in an applied setting. Consequently, this study sought to assess the barriers and facilitators to coaches implementing Activate in English schoolboy rugby. This qualitative study adopted a framework approach, using four a-priori themes influencing injury prevention implementation: awareness, motivational determinants, volitional determinants and socio-environmental factors. A purposive sample of schoolboy rugby coaches were recruited from schools nationwide, participating in semi-structured, one-on-one interviews (n = 10). Transcripts were thematically coded. Participants had positive perceptions towards Activate, although only six adopted the programme. Participants reported that players were generally unaware of the programme, with some suggesting this was not an issue as coaches made the decision to adopt Activate. Participants focused heavily upon the use of resources to develop coaches’ awareness, knowledge and confidence. No participant implemented Activate as initially designed, influenced by time and engagement, instead incorporating it within training drills rather than as a block at the beginning of the session. Participants adapted the programme to make it suitable for multiple sports. Some participants reported asking players to deliver Activate, despite their lack of awareness, raising concerns around implementation. Participants heavily adapted Activate delivery to suit their contexts. How this affects the effectiveness of Activate to reduce injury risk is unknown and should be investigated. Player-specific dissemination strategies should be considered if these individuals act as delivery-agents.

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Du Toit, David E., Pierre E. Olivier, and Frederick J. Buys. "Kinetics of full scrum and staggered scrum engagement in under 19 schoolboy rugby union players." South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation 27, no. 2 (October 6, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajrs.v27i2.25916.

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Yeomans, Caithriona, Ian C. Kenny, Roisin Cahalan, Giles D. Warrington, Andrew J. Harrison, Helen Purtill, Mark Lyons, Mark J. Campbell, Liam G. Glynn, and Thomas M. Comyns. "Injury Trends in Irish Amateur Rugby: An Epidemiological Comparison of Men and Women." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, March 3, 2021, 194173812199714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738121997145.

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Background: Rugby union is a physically demanding sport that carries an inherent risk of injury. Despite being a popular and widely played team sport, little is known about injuries occurring across the male and female amateur game. Purpose: To establish and compare injury incidence, nature, and severity in male and female Irish amateur rugby union. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Data were collected prospectively from 25 male teams (959 players) and 8 female teams (234 players) over 2 full seasons. Both time-loss (24-hour time-loss injury definition) and non-time-loss match injury reports were collected, alongside match exposure data. Results: Time-loss match injury incidence rates were 49.1/1000 and 35.6/1000 player-hours for male and female players, respectively. Concussion and ankle ligament sprains were the most common diagnoses for male (5.6/1000 and 4.4/1000 player-hours, respectively) and female players (5.5/1000 and 3.9/1000 player-hours, respectively). Anterior cruciate ligament injuries presented the highest injury burden for male and female players with 200.3 and 307.2 days of absence per 1000 player-hours, respectively. In female players, 83% of noncontact injuries occurred in the fourth quarter of match play. Conclusion: While female players had a lower overall injury incidence rate compared with male players, concussion and ankle ligament injuries were the most common injuries in both cohorts. In female players, a high rate of noncontact injuries in the second half points to the need for strength and conditioning training programs to reduce fatigue-related injuries. Clinical Relevance: Establishing the incidence and burden of rugby-related injuries is an essential step in minimizing injury risk. This epidemiological information will aid the development of future reduction strategies, including education and coaching strategies and strength and conditioning programs, informed by the most common injuries observed and the mechanism of injury.

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Smith, Kevin, Con Burns, Cian O’Neill, John D. Duggan, Nick Winkelman, Matthew Wilkie, and Edward K. Coughlan. "How to coach: A review of theoretical approaches for the development of a novel coach education framework." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, November 1, 2022, 174795412211362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17479541221136222.

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Abstract:

Coaching behaviours often derive from sporting traditions, instinct and previous experiences. Practitioners tend to follow traditional, inherited methods rather than adopt new evidence-based approaches associated with athlete development. This article reviews literature relating to theoretical constructs of a novel coach education framework (CEF) developed by the Irish Rugby Football Union. The three constructs included are: self-determination theory (SDT), explicit learning theories (ELT) and implicit learning theories (ILT). A total of 82 publications met the inclusion criteria (SDT: n = 18, ELT: n = 28, ILT: n = 36). This review supports the efficacy of these constructs in isolation for promoting effective coaching practices and provides a justification for future implementation of the framework and its evaluation. This framework may have the potential to address a shortfall in current coach education formats, which have traditionally focused on What content should be used for athlete development as opposed to How practitioners can coach more effectively.

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